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Mildred Min,1,2 Caitlin Egli,1,3 Rebecca Alonzo Bartolome,4 Raja K Sivamani1,2,5,6 1Integrative Skin Science and Research Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; 3College of Medicine, University of St. George’s, University Centre, West Indies, Grenada; 4Nalón Innova, Asturias, Spain; 5Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 6Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USACorrespondence: Raja K Sivamani, Integrative Skin Science and Research Sacramento, 1451 River Park Dr. Suite 222, Sacramento, CA, 95815, USA, Tel +1 916-750-2463, Email raja.sivamani.md@gmail.comPurpose: The topical application of antioxidants has been shown to augment the skin’s innate antioxidant system and enhance photoprotection. A challenge of topical antioxidant formulation is stability and penetrability. The use of a targeted drug delivery system may improve the bioavailability and delivery of antioxidants. In this ex vivo study, we assessed the effects of the topical application of a liposome-encapsulated antioxidant complex versus a free antioxidant complex alone on skin photoaging parameters and penetrability in human skin explants.Patients and Methods: Human organotypic skin explant cultures (hOSEC) were irradiated to mimic photoaging. The encapsulated antioxidant complex and free antioxidant complex were applied topically onto the irradiated hOSEC daily for 7 days. The two control groups were healthy untreated hOSEC and irradiated hOSEC. Photoprotective efficacy was measured with pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion. Cell viability and metabolic activity were measured via resazurin assay. Tissue damage was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. Skin penetration of the encapsulated antioxidant complex was assessed via fluorescent dye and confocal microscopy.Results: Compared to healthy skin, irradiated skin experienced increases in IL-6, IL-8 (p < 0.05), and MMP-9 (p < 0.05) secretion. After treatment with the encapsulated antioxidant complex, there was a 39.3% reduction in IL-6 secretion, 49.8% reduction in IL-8 (p < 0.05), and 38.5% reduction in MMP-9 (p < 0.05). After treatment with the free antioxidant complex, there were no significant differences in IL-6, IL-8, or MMP-9 secretion. Neither treatment group experienced significant LDH leakage or reductions in metabolic activity. Liposomes passed through the stratum corneum and into the epidermis.Conclusion: The topical application of a liposome-encapsulated antioxidant complex containing ectoin, astaxanthin-rich microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis extract, and THDA improves penetrability and restored IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-9 levels in irradiated human skin explants, which was not seen in the comparator free antioxidant complex group.Keywords: skin explants, ectoin, astaxanthin, THDA, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate

Chaitra Subramanyam,1,2 Hemali B Gunt,3 Raja K Sivamani1,4– 6 1Integrative Skin Science and Research, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR, USA; 3Burt’s Bees, Durham, NC, USA; 4Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA; 5Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 6College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USACorrespondence: Raja K Sivamani, Email raja.sivamani.md@gmail.comIntroduction: The vermillion lip has unique physical properties and environmental exposures make them prone to dryness and chapping. While lips contribute to facial beauty, perioral aging is highly individual and dependent on ethnicity. Specifically with regard to South Asian population, there is no other literature identified on the biophysical characteristics of the vermillion lip.Methods: In this work, characteristics of the vermillion skin in South Asians were examined through various clinical and biophysical characteristics of the lips such as dryness and roughness, fine lip lines, lip texture, hydration, and barrier function. Healthy South Asian females, from age 20– 45 were recruited for this study and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, visual lip tolerance, and visual dryness were measured and graded by the dermatologist-investigator.Results: Lip texture and fine lines significantly increased from the 20s to the 40s. Overall lip health significantly decreased with age. TEWL and dryness increased with age while hydration decreased with age, although not significantly so.Discussion: This first-of-its kind study on South Asian females establishes that with age there is a decrease in overall lip health and an increase in signs of aging of the lips (fine lines, texture) from the 20s to 40s.Keywords: aging, fine lines, lip, South Asian, texture

Phytophotodermatitis is a clinical diagnosis from phototoxicity of the skin induced by contact with plants or their extracts. Phytophotodermatitis maypresent with burning, erythema, patches, plaques, vesicles, bullae, or hyperpigmented patches in welldemarcated and unusual shapes. Inquiring about occupation, hobbies, and plant or plant extract contact is essential to establishing the diagnosis. Herein we present a case of phytophotodermatitisafter use of carrot extract-containing sunscreen presenting as a hyperpigmented patch in a geometric distribution with accentuation of pigment within the dynamic rhytides.

Mimi Nguyen,1 Simran S Sandhu,1 Raja K Sivamani1–41Department of Dermatology, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA; 3College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; 4Department of Dermatology, Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USAAbstract: Actinic keratosis (AK) is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma that results from UV light exposure and has the potential to evolve into invasive tumor. Therefore, it is crucial that AKs are monitored and treated appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment option that is minimally invasive and leaves patients with cosmetically superior results. However, disadvantages of PDT include pain and lengthy clinic visits. Accordingly, there has been much interest in the use of daylight photodynamic therapy (daylight-PDT) as a more convenient and less painful alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT). Current evidence shows that daylight-PDT is noninferior to c-PDT in the short and long term. Patients reported decreased pain with daylight-PDT and were more satisfied with the procedure (P

Background: There currently exists no consensus on objective features which are relevant in the assessment of overall lip health., Aims: This study seeks to identify features and factors that are associated with healthy lips. This survey will ultimately enable clinicians to objectively track lip health for clinical evaluations and clinical research., Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted among allied healthcare professionals in-person and through email. The survey contained questions designed to assess the importance of features of lip health using a 5-point Likert scale. Features included lack of lip dryness; even tone or lack of hyperpigmentation; lip smoothness; lip color; lip shine, radiance, or luster; definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour; lip fullness or plumpness; lack of lip lines; and lip firmness. The final questions prompted respondents to select the top three most important features when assessing lip health and to provide any additional pertinent factors., Results: A total of 334 responses were received, including board-certified dermatologists (35.9%), dermatology residents (14.7%), and other healthcare specialties (49.4%). The features most cited were lack of lip dryness (65.8%), lip smoothness (38.4%), even tone or lack of hyperpigmentation (38.1%), definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour (28.0%). Survey results reveal that lip dryness, lip smoothness, lack of hyperpigmentation, and definition of the vermillion border/defined lip contour were the features most associated with lip health., Conclusion: The results from this survey will provide a basis for future research in the field of lip health, research, and clinical treatment., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a common, yet underdiagnosed, gut condition caused by gut dysbiosis. A previous study has shown the potential of herbal therapy, providing equivalent results to rifaximin., Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess how the use of an oral botanical regimen may modulate the gut microbiome, facial erythema, and intestinal permeability in those with SIBO., Methods: This was an open-label prospective study of adults that had lactulose breath test-confirmed SIBO. Participants received a 10-week oral supplementation of a Biocidin liquid tincture and GI Detox+. If participants were found to be non-responsive to treatment after 10 weeks with a persistently positive lactulose breath test, a third oral supplement, Olivirex, was administered for an additional 4 weeks. Lactulose breath tests were administered at baseline, weeks 6, 10, and 14 to assess for SIBO status. A high-resolution photographic analysis system was utilized to analyze changes in facial erythema. Stool sample collections and venipuncture were performed to analyze the gut microbiome and intestinal permeability., Results: A total of 33 subjects were screened with breath testing, and 19 subjects were found to have SIBO. Three of the subjects withdrew during the screening period prior to baseline, and sixteen subjects enrolled. Four subjects dropped out after baseline. Hydrogen-dominant SIBO was the most common subtype of SIBO, followed by methane and hydrogen sulfide. The botanical regimen was most effective for hydrogen- and hydrogen sulfide-dominant SIBO, leading to negative breath test results at week 10 in 42.8% and 66.7% of participants, respectively. Compared to baseline, supplementation with the botanical regimen led to positive shifts in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as A. muciniphila , F. prausnitzii , C. eutectus , and R. faecis by 31.4%, 35.4%, 24.8%, and 48.7% percent at week 10, respectively. The mean abundance of Firmicutes decreased by 20.2%, Bacteroides increased by 30%, and the F/B ratio decreased by 25.4% at week 10 compared to baseline. At week 10, there was a trending 116% increase in plasma LPS/IgG ( p = 0.08). There were no significant changes in plasma zonulin, DAO, histamine, DAO/histamine, LPS/IgG, LPS/IgA, or LPS/IgM. Facial erythema was not statistically different at week 6, but at week 10, there was a 20% decrease ( p = 0.001) in redness intensity. Among the patients that extended to week 14, there was no statistical change in erythema., Conclusions: Supplementation with an antimicrobial botanical supplemental regimen may have therapeutic potential in hydrogen and hydrogen-sulfide subtypes of SIBO. Furthermore, the botanical supplemental regimen may reduce facial erythema, increase SCFA-producing bacteria, decrease the F/B ratio, and modulate markers of intestinal permeability.

Background: Skin photoaging and uneven pigmentation are common dermatological concerns. Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDA) and acetyl zingerone (AZ) are potent antioxidants that have been shown to have anti-photoaging and anti-pigmentation effects. THDA is a more stable and penetrable form of vitamin C. AZ is an antioxidant derived from ginger which has clinical evidence for improving photoaging. However, no studies have assessed how they may synergistically act on the skin., Aims: This study aims to assess whether a serum containing both THDA and AZ can improve photoaging and the appearance of uneven facial pigmentation., Patients/methods: This open-label study was conducted on 35 healthy individuals aged 21-55. All subjects were instructed to use three to five drops of the topical serum (Power-C Serum, Image Skincare, Lantana, FL) daily for 12 weeks. Videomicroscopy and high-resolution photography and various skin biophysical measurements were taken at baseline, 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Outcomes included skin tone and pigmentation, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin smoothness, firmness, and elasticity., Results: Compared to baseline, the results at 12 weeks revealed significant decreases in skin pigmentation (p < 0.0001), decreased fine lines and wrinkles (p < 0.0001), and increased smoothness (p < 0.0001), firmness (p < 0.0001), and elasticity (p < 0.0001). Additionally, transepidermal water loss was significantly decreased at 4 weeks compared to baseline (p = 0.01), indicating an increased epidermal barrier integrity., Conclusions: Overall, these findings provide evidence for the combined use of THDA and AZ to address skin photoaging and dyspigmentation changes., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: We sought to evaluate changes in microbiome biodiversity and physical properties of the skin after eight weeks of once-daily topical microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide (E-BPO) compared to vehicle cream in participants with rosacea., Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover, single-center, vehicle-controlled evaluation of E-BPO on the skin microbiome in rosacea. Participants had facial rosacea with global severity of 3 or 4 on the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scale. In the Treatment 1-2 group, participants received E-BPO for eight weeks then switched to vehicle cream for four weeks. In the Treatment 2-1 group, participants received vehicle cream for eight weeks, then E-BPO for four weeks., Results: Thirty-one participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either group. Demographic characteristics were comparable between the treatment groups. After eight weeks of E-BPO treatment, there was a marked reduction in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus accompanied by an increase in Cutibacterium . At the species level, there was an increase in the relative abundance of C. acnes and a decrease in abundance of S. epidermidis . No noticeable difference was detected at the genus or species level at Week 8 in the 2-1 group. Sebum level, IGA, lesion counts, facial erythema, and inflammatory scores were improved with E-BPO versus vehicle cream. Adverse events were mild or moderate in severity., Limitations: The study included a small number of subjects and only surface-swabs were used for microbiome sampling., Conclusion: E-BPO shifted the skin microbiome in rosacea and demonstrated improvements in clinical symptoms and skin physical properties and a well-tolerated safety profile. US National Library of Medicine; Trial ID: NCT05675501]; URL: clinicaltrials.gov., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES: Dr. Sivamani serves as a scientific adviser for LearnHealth, Arbonne, and Codex Labs and as a consultant to Burt’s Bees, Novozymes, Nutrafol, AbbVie, Sanofi, Fotona, Incyte, Leo, UCB, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Sun, Pfizer, Almirall, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Dr. York is an employee of Galderma Laboratories, L.P. Dr. Sugarman is a consultant and speaker for Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Incyte; a consultant for Bausch Heath and Sol-Gel; and a medical safety monitor for Galderma clinical research trials. Dr. Gallo is a co-founder, scientific advisor, consultant and has equity in MatriSys Biosciences. Dr. Levy-Hacham and Ms. Mizrahi are employees of Sol-Gel Technologies., (Copyright © 2024. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)

Aging clocks are predictive models of biological age derived from age-related changes, such as epigenetic changes, blood biomarkers, and, more recently, the microbiome. Gut and skin microbiota regulate more than barrier and immune function. Recent studies have shown that human microbiomes may predict aging. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss how the gut and skin microbiomes influence aging clocks as well as clarify the distinction between chronological and biological age. A literature search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE databases with the following keywords: "skin microbiome" OR "gut microbiome" AND "aging clock" OR "epigenetic". Gut and skin microbiomes may be utilized to create aging clocks based on taxonomy, biodiversity, and functionality. The top contributing microbiota or metabolic pathways in these aging clocks may influence aging clock predictions and biological age. Furthermore, gut and skin microbiota may directly and indirectly influence aging clocks through the regulation of clock genes and the production of metabolites that serve as substrates or enzymatic regulators. Microbiome-based aging clock models may have therapeutic potential. However, more research is needed to advance our understanding of the role of microbiota in aging clocks.

Background: Tetrahexydecyl ascorbate (THDA) is a lipophilic precursor to ascorbic acid that may be stabilized by acetyl zingerone (AZ). Studies have shown that the topical application of THDA may have photoprotective effects. Similarly, AZ has been shown to mitigate oxidative and inflammatory stress, thereby improving the appearance of photoaging., Aims: To examine the effects of THDA and AZ (THDA-AZ) on skin photoaging compared to THDA alone., Patients/methods: In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, healthy individuals aged 30 to 65 were included and 44 participants were randomized to receive either THDA-AZ (THDA 5% + AZ 1%) or THDA only (THDA 5%) for 8 weeks. Facial photographs were taken at 0, 4, and 8 weeks to analyze wrinkle severity, pigment intensity, and redness intensity. A skin colorimeter was used to assess infraorbital pigmentation and erythema. Self-perception of skin and tolerability were assessed through questionnaires., Results: Average wrinkle severity was significantly decreased in the THDA-AZ group at Weeks 4 and 8 by 0.75% (p = 0.023) and 3.72% (p = 0.048), respectively, compared to the THDA group where wrinkle severity at Weeks 4 and 8 was increased by 7.88% and 4.48%, respectively. Facial pigment intensity was significantly decreased in the THDA-AZ group by 4.10% (p = 0.0002) at Week 8 compared to a 0.69% decrease in the THDA group. Facial redness intensity was decreased in the THDA-AZ group at Weeks 4 and 8 by 3.73% (p = 0.0162) and 14.25% (p = 0.045), respectively, compared to the THDA group where at Weeks 4 and 8 erythema increased by 27.5% and 8.34%, respectively. There were no significant differences in either group for infraorbital pigmentation or erythema., Conclusions: Daily use of combined THDA and AZ may improve facial wrinkle severity, pigment intensity, and erythema to a greater extent than THDA. While THDA alone increases facial wrinkle severity and erythema, the addition of AZ reduces both., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Lichen planus is a chronic auto-inflammatory disease that primarily affects mucocutaneous regions. There are many variants of lichen planus including cutaneous, oral, nail, follicular, and erosive forms. Without any disease-specific treatment options, multi-variant lichen planus can be a challenging disease to manage. We present a 61-year-old woman with multivariant lichen planus that was refractory to numerous systemic and topical therapies. Subsequently, her cutaneous and vulvovaginal lesions improved with the use of oral baricitinib and the erosive oral lesions improved with topical ruxolitinib.

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that function in energy metabolism, ROS production, and programmed cell death. Cutaneous epithelial and hair follicle dermal papilla cells are energy-rich cells that thereby may be affected by mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA mutation accumulation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the medical literature assessing dermatologic conditions and outcomes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. A search of PubMed and Embase was performed with subsequent handsearching to retrieve additional relevant articles. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) deletions, mutation accumulation, and damage are associated with phenotypic signs of cutaneous aging, hair loss, and impaired wound healing. In addition, several dermatologic conditions are associated with aberrant mitochondrial activity, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, vitiligo, and atopic dermatitis. Mouse model studies have better established causality between mitochondrial damage and dermatologic outcomes, with some depicting reversibility upon restoration of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial function mediates a variety of dermatologic conditions, and mitochondrial components may be a promising target for therapeutic strategies.

Punica granatum L., commonly known as the pomegranate, is an abundant source of polyphenols, including hydrolyzable ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, and other bioactive phytochemicals shown to be effective in defending against oxidative stress, and has immunomodulatory activities. Ellagitannins, and their hydrolyzed product ellagic acid, interact with the gut microbiota to yield secondary metabolites known as urolithins that may have health benefits. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a standardized punicalagin-enriched pomegranate extract, Pomella ® (250 mg), on the gut microbiome, circulating short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbial-derived ellagitannin metabolite urolithins. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted over 4 weeks on healthy volunteers aged 25-55 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either an oral supplement containing 75 mg of punicalagin or an oral placebo. Stool sample collection and venipuncture were performed to analyze the gut microbiome, SCFAs, and urolithin. There was no significant change in the gut microbial diversity in both cohorts after 4 weeks of intervention, but there was a significantly increased relative abundance of Coprococcus eutectus , Roseburia faecis , Roseburia inullnivorans , Ruminococcus bicirculans , Ruminococcus calidus , and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii . Pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation led to the augmentation of circulating propionate levels ( p = 0.02) and an increasing trend for acetate levels ( p = 0.12). The pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation group had an increased level of circulating urolithins compared to the placebo group (6.6% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.13). PE supplementation correlated with shifts in the gut microbiome and with higher circulating levels of propionate and acetate. Further studies should explore the implications in larger cohorts and over a longer duration.

A common pitfall of many conventional heat therapy methods is the propensity to lose heat over time and the need for reheating and reapplication. Pain-relieving digital heating devices are now available that can be held in place on the body via adhesive or magnet and provide pulsed heat. However, the safety of such devices among different ages and skin types must be established. We conducted a prospective, open-label study to assess the effect of three consecutive thirty-minute treatment cycles on skin parameters and pain. Effects on mood and anxiety were secondarily assessed. 22 adult participants (20 female, 2 male; mean 58 ± 17.63 years) were recruited. The participants attended one visit with heating device intervention and a follow-up visit after 7-10 days. A 97% significant increase in transepidermal water loss was observed immediately following intervention ( p = 8.04487 × 10 -7 ), although significance was not sustained at follow-up. There was an increase along the red/green axis at 13/14 treatment locations immediately following treatment, although only four locations remained significantly increased at follow-up. Pain non-significantly decreased immediately following treatment ( p = 0.057). A 38.6% decrease in subjective anxiety was observed immediately after treatment ( p = 0.0139), and scores remained non-significantly reduced at follow-up (19.3% reduction from baseline; p = 0.1397). The heating devices elicit temporary changes to the skin, although the lack of significance at follow-up suggests that the devices can be safely used without long-term changes in skin color or barrier status.

Objective: This review examines the current literature on the gut-skin connection in alopecia and summarizes interventions that impact hair growth by modulation of the gut or skin microbiome., Methods: PubMed searches were done to assess studies of the gut and skin microbiome and forms of alopecia including, alopecia areata (AA), androgenic alopecia (AGA), alopecia universalis (AU), central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) and lichen planopilaris (LPP). Filters were applied for human and animal studies. Articles not translated to English and studies assessing supplemental therapies on alopecia were excluded., Results: There is evidence that scalp, hair follicle, and gut microbiome alterations are associated with various types of alopecia. There is potential in the use of interventions targeting microbiome dysbiosis, including fecal transplants and probiotics., Limitations: This field of study still requires more high-quality research and studies with larger participant populations., Conclusion: Dysbiosis on the scalp, within the hair follicle and the gut seem to have a role in the pathophysiology of various forms of alopecia. There is evidence that interventions targeting dysbiosis may have potential in the treatment and management of hair loss. Further studies are needed to establish a direct connection and to clarify specific effects of these interventions., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES: Dr. Maloh serves as a consultant for Codex Labs Corp. Dr. Sivamani serves as a scientific advisor for LearnHealth, Arbonne, and Codex Labs and has served as a consultant or speaker for Burt’s Bees, Novozymes, Biogena, Novartis, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Nutrafol, Galderma, Novartis, Abbvie, Leo, UCB, Sun and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals., (Copyright © 2023. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)

Preliminary findings from multiple studies indicate that dietary intake of soy-derived isoflavones exert beneficial effects on the skin including defense against oxidant damage, stimulation of collagen synthesis, and increased hydration. This study aims to investigate how oral supplementation of a soy protein isolate with added isoflavones (SPII) affects components of photoaging such as facial wrinkles and dyspigmentation, and skin biophysical measures such as skin hydration and sebum excretion in postmenopausal women. This 6-month prospective, randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted on 44 postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III who were randomized to receive either casein protein or SPII. A high-resolution facial photography system was used to measure wrinkle severity and pigmentation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Skin biophysical measurements included skin hydration and sebum production. The average wrinkle severity was decreased in the SPII intervention group at week 16 and week 24 by 5.9% and 7.1%, respectively, compared to the baseline. Compared to the casein group, average wrinkle severity was significantly decreased at week 16 ( p < 0.05) and week 24 ( p < 0.0001). Facial pigment intensity was decreased by -2.5% ( p < 0.05) at week 24, whereas there was no significant change in the casein group. Compared to baseline, skin hydration in the SPII group was significantly increased by 39% and 68% on the left and right cheeks ( p < 0.05), respectively, at 24 weeks. There were no significant differences in sebum production. Dietary soy protein supplementation with isoflavones may improve skin photoaging, including wrinkles and dyspigmentation, and increase skin hydration in postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III.

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory condition that is multi-factorial and impacted by both intrinsic and extrinsic features. Several previous studies have assessed for correlations between factors such as circulating hormones, stress, or the microbiome. However, there have not been any correlations specifically against lesion counts or differentiating correlations between inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts. Here, we correlate several factors against acne lesions. Twenty men and women with mild to moderate acne were recruited, and their hormonal levels and their gut microbiome were collected and correlated against their inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions of acne. Facial non-inflammatory lesions were weakly correlated to sebum excretion rate and weakly inversely correlated to forehead and cheek hydration. We examined stress through the use of a normalized peak-to-trough ratio (higher numbers indicated less stress), which correlated with skin hydration and inversely correlated with sebum excretion rate. Sebum excretion rate was weakly correlated to testosterone levels, and facial hydration correlated with estradiol levels. Correlations with the gut microbiome showed differential correlations with inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, with Clostridium sp AF 23-8 correlating to inflammatory lesion counts, while Actinomyces naeslundii str Howell 279 correlated to non-inflammatory lesions. Overall, measures of stress and circulating hormones correlate to skin biophysical properties and acne lesion counts. Also, different gut bacteria correlate with either inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesion counts. We hope that our findings stimulate further work on the gut-mind-stress-skin axis within acne.

Background: Beeswax is a naturally occurring product secreted from worker bees that has varied uses in modern day. In skincare, its function ranges from its role as an occlusive, helping to create a semi-occlusive skin barrier that minimizes transepidermal water loss; as a humectant, locking in hydration; and an emollient to soften and soothe the skin. As a natural substance, its use has been shown to help alleviate symptoms associated with common cutaneous conditions like dermatitis, psoriasis, and overgrowth of normal skin flora., Aims: In this narrative review, we aim to describe current uses of beeswax in skincare that has been published in the literature., Materials and Methods: A review of beeswax related publications was performed by searching the PubMed database studies., Results: A total of five clinical studies were included with three studies on animals and two studies in humans., Discussion: Several studies show the benefits of topical beeswax in supporting the skin barrier., Conclusion: Beeswax can be a low-cost, natural ingredient for use in products. Further studies with topical beeswax are warranted., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Soybean, a legume native to Southeast Asia, serves many nutritional and medical purposes due to its rich source of phytochemicals and its antioxidant activity. Many animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated its potential impact on dermatologic health. The objective of this review is to investigate the clinical response of soy-based oral supplementation or topical application on dermatologic outcomes. A systematic review of studies assessing soy supplementation or application was performed in January 2023. Databases included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Natural Medicines, and studies assessing any formulation that included soybean or associated products were included. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria and are included in the review; 13 of these studies assessed oral supplementation and 17 assessed topical application. Topical and oral supplementation demonstrated efficacious results for a variety of dermatologic parameters, including chronological or photoaging parameters, skin barrier status, hydration, hyperpigmentation, dermal network composition, erythema, hair and nail parameters, acne lesion counts, and vulvar lichen sclerosis scores. Factors associated with aging, such as wrinkle area and depth, were most frequently assessed among the studies, and both topical and oral studies demonstrated efficacy. Effects are likely mediated by dermal compositional changes, such as increased collagen and/or elastic fiber numbers. Transepidermal water loss measurements, an indicator of skin barrier status, were frequently obtained among the studies, although improvement was more likely achieved with topical application compared to oral supplementation. The results of this review highlight the utility of soy-based products for a variety of dermatologic applications, although future studies are required to determine optimal formulations and application routes for intended outcomes.

Diet and nutrition have been shown to impact dermatological conditions. This has increased attention toward integrative and lifestyle medicine in the management of skin health. Emerging research around fasting diets, specifically the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), has provided clinical evidence for chronic inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and autoimmune diseases. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects of a five-day FMD protocol, administrated once a month for three months, on facial skin parameters, including skin hydration and skin roughness, in a group of 45 healthy women between the ages of 35 to 60 years old over the course of 71 days. The results of the study revealed that the three consecutive monthly cycles of FMD resulted in a significant percentage increase in skin hydration at day 11 ( p = 0.00013) and at day 71 ( p = 0.02) relative to baseline. The results also demonstrated maintenance of skin texture in the FMD group compared to an increase in skin roughness in the control group ( p = 0.032). In addition to skin biophysical properties, self-reported data also demonstrated significant improvement in components of mental states such as happiness ( p = 0.003) and confidence (0.039). Overall, these findings provide evidence for the potential use of FMD in improving skin health and related components of psychological well-being.

Terminalia chebula (TC) is a medicinal plant that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties and that is widely used in Ayurveda and herbal formulations. However, the skin effects of TC as an oral supplement have not been studied. The objective of this study is to determine if oral TC fruit extract supplementation can modulate the skin's sebum production and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. A prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on healthy females aged 25-65. Subjects were supplemented with an oral placebo or Terminalia chebula (250 mg capsule, Synastol TC) capsules twice daily for eight weeks. A facial image collection and analysis system was used to assess the facial appearance of wrinkle severity. Standardized, non-invasive tools were used to measure facial moisture, sebum production, transepidermal water loss, melanin index and erythema index. For those who had a baseline sebum excretion rate >80 ug/cm 2 , TC supplementation produced a significant decrease in forehead sebum excretion rate compared to the placebo at four weeks (-17 decrease vs. 20% increase, p = 0.07) and at eight weeks (-33% decrease vs. 29% increase, p < 0.01). Cheek erythema decreased by 2.2% at eight weeks, while the placebo treatment increased cheek erythema by 1.5% ( p < 0.05). Facial wrinkles decreased by 4.3% in the TC group and increased by 3.9% in the placebo group after eight weeks of supplementation ( p < 0.05). TC supplementation reduces facial sebum and improves the appearance of wrinkles. Future studies should consider evaluating oral TC as adjuvant therapy for acne vulgaris.

Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, also known as subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), is a rare disease characterized by vesicles or pustules that may rapidly expand and coalesce. Idiopathic in nature, SPD's clinical presentation of "half-half" blisters, with half of each blister containing pus and half containing clear fluid, is characteristic of this disease. We describe a previously healthy 21-year-old man who developed acute pustular vesicular eruptions consistent with SPD eight days following the Moderna COVID-19 vaccination.

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory condition that can be associated with profound psychosocial impacts. Conventional treatment includes topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and antimicrobials, and some may cause irritation and skin dryness. In this 8-week open-label study, we examined the effects of a botanical skin care regimen (Codex Labs Shaant Balancing regimen) on mild to moderate facial and truncal acne. Twenty-four male and female subjects between the ages of 12 and 45 years were assessed for eligibility, 20 were enrolled, and 15 completed all study visits. Facial and truncal acne lesion counts, skin hydration, sebum excretion rate, and mood were assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Total facial lesion counts (inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions) decreased by 20.5% at week 4 ( p = 0.06) and by 25.2% at week 8 ( p < 0.05). Inflammatory lesion counts on the trunk were found to decrease at week 8 relative to baseline by 48% ( p < 0.05). Forehead sebum excretion rate decreased by 40% at week 4 ( p = 0.07) and 22% at week 8 ( p = 0.08), and cheek skin hydration increased by 27.6% at week 4 ( p = 0.14) and 65% at week 8 ( p = 0.10). Participants also experienced significant improvement in components of a positive effect, such as feeling "strong" and "inspired", and a decrease in negative effects, such as feeling "irritable." Overall, the botanical skin care regimen was found to be well-tolerated. Our study suggests that a botanical skin care regimen may reduce facial and truncal acne lesion counts, increase skin hydration, reduce sebum production, and augment positive effects and moods in those with mild to moderate facial and truncal acne.

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that selectively target and infect bacteria. In addition to bacterial dysbiosis, dermatologic conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis are characterized by a relative reduction in the abundance of phages and the overgrowth of the corresponding bacteria. Phages often exhibit high specificity for their targeted bacteria, making phage-replacement therapy a promising therapeutic strategy for the control of pathogenic bacteria in dermatologic disease. Novel therapeutic strategies regulating pathogenic bacteria are especially necessary in light of growing antibiotic resistance. In this review, we aimed to review the medical literature assessing phage dysbiosis and therapeutic trials in dermatology. Ultimately, studies have depicted promising results for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis but are limited by low sample sizes and the omission of control groups in some trials. Additional work is necessary to validate the efficacy depicted in proof-of-concept trials and to further determine optimal treatment vehicles, administration mechanisms, and dosing schedules. This review provides the necessary framework for the assessment of phage efficacy in future trials.

Alopecia is associated with significant psychological burden. There is limited evidence on the use of psychological interventions in conditions of hair loss. This manuscript systematically reviews the current state of literature on psychological treatments for quality of life, mental health, and hair growth in various forms of alopecia. PubMed and Embase were searched with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reference lists were also examined for relevant studies. Nine articles met our criteria and are included in this review. Eight of the articles related to alopecia areata and one related to scarring alopecia. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was found to improve quality of life-related subjective symptoms, relationship impacts, anxiety, phobia, distress, and psychological symptom intensity. Alopecia-specific collocated behavioral health (CLBH) treatment showed a trend for psychosocial improvement in areas such as appearance shame, activity avoidance, negative emotions, and coping. Hypnotherapy was found to improve anxiety and depression, quality of life measures, and alexithymia. There was also some evidence for significant hair growth with hypnosis, but the data are mixed. Psychotherapy combined with immunotherapy led to more hair growth, and supported self-confidence. Finally, coping strategies modulated the subjective burden of alopecia, and were associated with disease improvement. Further research will be necessary to better establish the efficacy and optimal administration of these interventions in alopecia.

Probiotic supplementation has been shown to modulate the gut-skin axis. The goal of this study was to investigate whether oral spore-based probiotic ingestion modulates the gut microbiome, plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and skin biophysical properties. This was a single-blinded, 8-week study (NCT03605108) in which 25 participants, 7 with noncystic acne, were assigned to take placebo capsules for the first 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of probiotic supplementation. Blood and stool collection, facial photography, sebum production, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration measurements, and acne assessments were performed at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks. Probiotic supplementation resulted in a decreasing trend for the facial sebum excretion rate and increased TEWL overall. Subanalysis of the participants with acne showed improvement in total, noninflammatory, and inflammatory lesion counts, along with improvements in markers of gut permeability. The gut microbiome of the nonacne population had an increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia , while the subpopulation of those with acne had an increase in the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus gnavus . Probiotic supplementation augmented the circulating acetate/propionate ratio. There is preliminary evidence for the use of spore-based probiotic supplementation to shift the gut microbiome and augment short-chain fatty acids in those with and without acne. Further spore-based supplementation studies in those with noncystic acne are warranted.

The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

(1) Background: The pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) has been widely used in traditional medicine and has increasingly gained popularity among consumers in order to manage different facets of health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the fruit extract of P. granatum L. on different parameters of skin health. (2) Methods: A prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on both healthy males and females aged 25−55 years. Subjects were supplemented with a standardized punicalagin enriched oral pomegranate extract [Pomella® (Verdure Science, Noblesville, IN, USA), PE group] or a placebo (control group) daily for four weeks. Changes in wrinkle severity, facial biophysical properties, skin microbiome, and the gut microbiome were assessed. (3) Results: The PE group had significant reductions in wrinkle severity (p < 0.01) and a decreasing trend in the forehead sebum excretion rate (p = 0.14). The participants in the PE group with a higher relative abundance of Eggerthellaceae in the gut had a decrease in their facial TEWL (p < 0.05) and wrinkle severity (p = 0.058). PE supplementation led to an increase in the Staphylococcus epidermidis species and the Bacillus genus on the skin. (4) Conclusions: Overall, the study demonstrated improvements in several biophysical properties, wrinkles, and shifts in the skin microbiome with oral PE supplementation in healthy subjects.

External and internal stressors have been found to adversely affect skin health and overall wellness. There is growing interest in the use of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant plant-derived ingredients, such as ashwagandha, saffron, l-theanine, and tocopherol, to mitigate the impact of these stressors. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of oral and topical products (InnerCalm and SuperCalm, respectively) that contain naturally derived ingredients on skin redness, skin pigmentation, sleep, and mood in healthy females with Fitzpatrick skin type 1−4 and self-perceived sensitive skin. Subjects were randomized to an oral (oral group), a topical (topical group), or a combination of both the oral and topical interventions (combined group). Standardized photography-based image analysis was used to assess skin redness and pigment. Self-assessments of mood and sleep were measured with the abbreviated profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh sleep-quality index (PSQI), respectively. Assessments were made at the baseline, 1-week, 4-weeks, and 8-weeks of the intervention. The average facial redness decreased in the topical group at 8-weeks (p < 0.001) and in the combined group at 4-weeks (p < 0.05) and 8-weeks (p < 0.001), relative to the baseline. The average facial pigmentation decreased in the oral (p < 0.05) and combined (p < 0.05) cohorts at 8-weeks, relative to the baseline. The oral group exhibited an improvement in sleep quality at 1-week relative to the baseline (p < 0.05) and at 8-weeks relative to the baseline (p < 0.05). Finally, the combined group demonstrated improvement in fatigue (p < 0.01) and confusion (p < 0.05) at 8-weeks relative to the baseline, though total mood disturbance increased in all 3 groups over the course of the study. Measured outcomes relating to mood may be confounded with the timing of the study, which ran during the COVID pandemic. Overall, we demonstrate the role of oral and topical herbs and of nutraceuticals for skin health and wellness. Further research will be needed to elucidate synergistic effects in oral and topical combination regimens.

We present a 76-year old man who developed papulopustular rosacea after receiving nivolumab treatment for his esophageal carcinoma, metastatic to the lungs. Nivolumab is an emerging cancer therapy whose immune-related adverse events are still not fully recognized and likely underreported. The treatment has been reported to cause a myriad of cutaneous immune-related adverse events. However, nivolumab-induced-papulopustular rosacea has been scarcely reported. Thus, this case presents a clinically important finding that physicians should be aware of when seeing patients on nivolumab therapy.

Purpose: Lower socioeconomic status is associated with decreased sun protection practices. This survey study investigated practices and beliefs surrounding sun protection based on health insurance., Methods: 401 surveys were administered May to June 2019 at two dermatology clinics in Sacramento, California. 384 surveys by private insurance, Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid), and Medicare coverage were analyzed., Results: Patients with Medi-Cal are twice as likely to rarely or never use sunscreen (OR=2.37; 95% CI 1.45-3.87; P&lt;0.001) compared to those with private insurance. Patients with Medi-Cal or Medicare are less likely to use sunscreen (P&lt;0.001), protective clothing (P=0.025), and sun avoidance (P=0.028). Medi-Cal patients more often used tanning beds (OR=4.90; 95% CI 1.30-18.50; P=0.019). Over half of patients with Medi-Cal agreed it is worth getting burned for a tan (54.6%, OR=2.54; 95% CI 1.41-4.62; P=0.0021). There were no significant differences in opinion that sunscreen is a hassle to apply or expensive. Groups did not differ significantly in ethnicities or skin type., Conclusion: Those with Medi-Cal are less likely to use all forms of sun protection and more likely to value tanning. Negative opinions of sunscreen and perceived knowledge and concern for skin cancer were similar, pointing to additional factors influencing these disparities.

We present a patient with anti-MDA5 negative, anti-Ku positive clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM). A 61-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of a 20-year history of a pruritic rash that was active on her face, chest, hands, legs, and back. A mildly scaly, erythematous, photo-distributed eruption along with slightly violaceous, scaly papules accentuated on the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints. Antibody profile was significant for positive ANA and anti-dsDNA, elevated anti-TIF-1gamma (RDL)/p155, and weakly positive anti Ku. Biopsy was consistent with dermatomyositis. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody (anti-MDA-5) has been identified as the most commonly associated autoantibody found in CADM and is associated with poor prognosis and a biomarker for the diagnosis of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of negative anti-MDA-5 and anti-Ku positive CADM.

Background: Almonds have long been studied as a rich source of fatty acids, phytochemical polyphenols and antioxidants such as vitamin E. A recent study compared almond supplementations to a calorie-matched intervention for 16 weeks, yielding statistically significant improvement in wrinkle severity in postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II that received almonds. This study furthers that assessment with a larger population and duration of 24 weeks to assess the influence of almond consumption on wrinkle severity, skin pigmentation and other skin biophysical profiles., Objective: To investigate the effects of almond consumption on photoaging such as wrinkles and pigment intensity as well as facial biophysical parameters such as sebum production, skin hydration and water loss., Design and Interventions: A prospective, randomized controlled study assessed postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I or II who consumed 20% of their daily energy consumption in either almonds or a calorie-matched snack for 24 weeks. A facial photograph and image analysis system was used to obtain standardized high-resolution photographs and information on wrinkle width and severity at 0, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pigmentation, skin hydration and sebum production were also completed at each visit., Results: The average wrinkle severity was significantly decreased in the almond intervention group at week 16 and week 24 compared to baseline by 15% and 16%, respectively. Facial pigment intensity was decreased 20% in the almond group at week 16 and this was maintained by week 24. There were no significant differences in skin hydration or TEWL in the almond group compared to the control, although sebum excretion was increased in the control group., Conclusion: The daily consumption of almonds may improve several aspects of photoaging such as facial wrinkles and pigment intensity in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, the daily consumption of almonds may contribute to the improvement of facial wrinkles and reduction of skin pigmentation among postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin types I and II.

Lichen planopilaris is an uncommon dermatological manifestation of lichen planus of the scalp and results in cicatricial alopecia. We present a patient with lichen planopilaris and significant post-inflammatory pigmentary alteration, confirmed by histopathology. The patient's case represents a clinically important variation from an expected typical pattern of dyschromia at periphery of alopecic zones in lichen planopilaris.

Mangos are rich in β-carotene and other carotenoids, along with several phenolic acids that may provide oxidant defense and photoprotection to the skin. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of Ataulfo mango intake on the development of facial wrinkles and erythema. A randomized two-group parallel-arm study was conducted to assess 16 weeks of either 85 g or 250 g of mango intake in healthy postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin type II or III. Facial photographs were captured at weeks 0, 8, and 16, and wrinkles at the lateral canthi and erythema at the cheeks were quantified. Skin carotenoid values were measured with reflection spectroscopy. Deep wrinkle severity decreased significantly in the 85 g group after 8 ( p = 0.007) and 16 ( p = 0.03) weeks compared to baseline measures. In contrast, those in the 250 g group showed an increase after 16 weeks in average wrinkle severity ( p = 0.049), average wrinkle length ( p = 0.007), fine wrinkle severity ( p = 0.02), and emerging wrinkle severity ( p = 0.02). Erythema in the cheeks increased with 85 g of mango intake ( p = 0.04). The intake of 85 g of mangos reduced wrinkles in fair-skinned postmenopausal women, while an intake of 250 g showed the opposite effect. Further studies feeding 85 g of mangos are warranted.

Skin is the largest peripheral endocrine organ and functions as a hormone target and endocrine gland. A cutaneous hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-like axis enables the skin to respond to stress and regulates its steroidogenic activity. The pilosebaceous unit is a site for production and metabolism of a number of steroid hormones, including stress and sex hormones. This is an overview of the important role that the cutaneous HPA-like-axis plays in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders, including acne, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Microorganisms inhabit various areas of the body, including the gut and skin, and are important in maintaining homeostasis. Changes to the normal microflora due to genetic or environmental factors can contribute to the development of various disease states. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between the gut and skin microbiome and various dermatological diseases including acne, psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we will discuss the impact of treatment on the microbiome and the role of probiotics.

Necrobiosis lipoidica is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiopathogenesis, which is often difficult to treat. While data from randomized controlled trials for the treatment of necrobiosis lipoidica is lacking, several treatments of varying efficacy for necrobiosis lipoidica have been reported in the scientific literature. We present a case of a 29-year-old female with uncontrolled diabetes and treatment-resistant necrobiosis lipoidica which was responsive to ustekinumab.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is associated with negative health effects, including sun damage and skin cancer. The purpose of this study is to compare the protective effects of the shade provided by a sun umbrella versus that provided by a tree. Sun sensors that register the level and dose of UV radiation were placed in the shade and in direct sunlight. Measurements were recorded every half hour between the hours of 12:30 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. in Sacramento, California. The results suggest that the level of UV radiation in the shade is not zero. The sensors located in tree shade indicated that over 5% of UV radiation was detected in the shade. The sensors located in sun-umbrella shade showed that greater than 17% of UV radiation reached the shade. The sun sensors used in our study collected UV radiation data relevant to UV index; however, they did not differentiate between UVA, UVB, visible, and infrared light. The amount of UV radiation detected in the shade is not zero, thus regular sunscreen use and other sun protective practices should be followed to reduce the risk of sun damage and skin cancer.

The role of the microbiome in healthy and disease states of the human body is progressively being found to extend beyond the gastrointestinal tract and into other organ systems such as the skin. Researching the microbiome thus has become paramount to understanding additional physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms that may be at play between microbes and their hosts. Cell cultures have traditionally been used to study the microbiome, but in our current day and age, advanced metagenomic techniques - such as 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and whole metagenomic shotgun sequencing - are better able to classify the microorganisms making up the microbiome. Utilizing metagenomics alone, however, does not allow for the study of the more complex effects of the microbiome, such as changes in gene expression and metabolic byproducts. Thus, incorporation of other modalities such as metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics are needed to further elucidate the extensive intricacies of the skin microbiome.

To compare the effects of turmeric tablets and turmeric-containing herbal combination tablets versus placebo on skin barrier function and sebum production by measuring facial sebum and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy subjects. This study was a prospective, double-blinded, rater-blinded, randomized pilot study. Thirty-three generally healthy participants were recruited from the UC Davis Department of Dermatology clinic and the surrounding community from 2016 to 2017, 30 participants were enrolled, and 28 participants completed the study. Thirty individuals were recruited and randomized to the placebo, turmeric, or herbal combination tablet groups. The participants were instructed to take the intervention tablets by mouth twice daily for 4 weeks. Facial sebum production and TEWL were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks. Twenty-eight participants completed the study and there were no adverse events. There were no significant changes in sebum excretion rate in any group after 4 weeks compared with baseline. In the herbal combination tablet group, there was a significant decrease in TEWL ( P  = .003). No significant changes in TEWL were detected in the turmeric or placebo groups. Turmeric-containing herbal combination tablets significantly decreased TEWL after 4 weeks of twice-daily supplementation. There were no adverse events in any of the three intervention arms. Overall, our findings spark future interest in determining how oral supplementation with herbal formulations may improve skin barrier function and skin appearance, and potentially offer alternative or complementary treatment options.

The role of exogenous progestin in the development of acne is unclear. Progestins are known for their androgenic potential, but newer generations of progestins have low or anti-androgenic activity. This review will evaluate the association between progestins found in hormonal long-acting reversible contraceptives (intrauterine devices and subdermal implants) and acne, as well as the role of oral contraceptives in acne management. Our review demonstrates that the cause and effect relationship between progestins and acne is difficult to establish and future studies that seek to understand how progestins modulate acne are necessary.

Store-and-forward teledermatology involves transmission of a patient's images to a healthcare provider and subsequent response from the provider about the diagnosis or management. Furthermore, teledermatology in which mobile phones (e.g. smartphones) are utilized for communication between the patient and their provider is referred to as mobile-teledermatology. In this study, we investigate the use of mobile-teledermatology in the management of actinic keratoses. We demonstrate that mobile-teledermatology may enhance communication between the patient and their provider when managing cutaneous disease and that even individuals in older age groups are highly satisfied with this type of follow up.

Background: Curcuma longa (common name: turmeric) and one of its biologically active constituents, curcumin, have received increased clinical attention. Insufficient data exist on the effects of curcumin and turmeric on the gut microbiota and such studies in humans are lacking., Methods: Turmeric tablets with extract of piperine (Bioperine) (n = 6), curcumin with Bioperine tablets (n = 5), or placebo tablets (n = 3) were provided to healthy human subjects and subsequent changes in the gut microbiota were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing., Results: The number of taxa detected ranged from 172 to 325 bacterial species. The placebo group displayed an overall reduction in species by 15%, whereas turmeric-treated subjects displayed a modest 7% increase in observed species posttreatment. Subjects taking curcumin displayed an average increase of 69% in detected species. The gut microbiota response to treatment was highly personalized, thus leading to responders and nonresponders displaying response concordance. These "responsive" subjects defined a signature involving uniform increases in most Clostridium spp., Bacteroides spp., Citrobacter spp., Cronobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Parabacteroides spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Common to these subjects was the reduced relative abundance of several Blautia spp. and most Ruminococcus spp., Conclusions: All participants' microbiota displayed significant variation over time and individualized response to treatment. Among the responsive participants, both turmeric and curcumin altered the gut microbiota in a highly similar manner, suggesting that curcumin may drive the majority of observed changes observed in turmeric-treated subjects.

Catecholamines play an important regulatory role in cutaneous wound healing. The exact role of dopamine in human epidermis has yet to be fully elucidated. Current published evidence describes its differential effects on two separate families of G protein coupled receptors: D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors. Dopamine may enhance angiogenesis and wound healing through its action on dopamine D1 receptors, while impairing wound healing when activating D2 receptors. This review summarizes the evidence for the role of dopamine in wound healing and describes potential mechanisms behind its action on D1 versus D2-like receptors in the skin., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.