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Background & Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the deteriorations in nutrition, swallowing, cognition, and independence among geriatric people with Alzheimer’s disease who are living with their families (PWADLF), to examine how these conditions relate to and how much they affect the patients’ qualities of life. Methods: Standardized Mini-Mental Examination (SMMSE), Barthel Index (BI), Bedside Water Swallow Test (BWST), The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were determined. Results: According to the BWST results, 31.1% of patients had dysphagia. It was observed that 49.6% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition, and 30.3% were malnourished; 16% were highly dependent, 58.8% were moderately dependent, and only 1.7% were completely independent. It was observed that the SMMSE, MNA, and BI variables had a significant impact on the NHP variable. Conclusions: It was found in this study that elderly PWADLF are at risk for dysphagia and malnutrition. As the stage of patients progressed, it was observed that the risk of dysphagia and malnutrition increased, and their independence levels and quality of life decreased. It was found that quality of life is related to independence, nutrition, and cognitive level, and these conditions have a significant effect on the quality of life, respectively. Therefore, conditions such as malnutrition, which may decrease the quality of life in people with Alzheimer’s disease, should be evaluated early, and necessary corrective measures taken.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of low-dose topical administration of methotrexate MTX in a toluene diisocyanate TDI -induced allergic rhinitis rat model. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed on 18 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing between 250-270 g. Rats were divided into four study groups: control group n=5 , sham group n=3 , steroid group n=5 , and MTX group n=5 . After the drugs were administered, multiple biopsies were taken bilaterally from the nasal mucosal areas and evaluated histologically for fibrosis, loss of cilia and goblet cells, edema, squamous cell metaplasia, and vascular proliferation. Results: Fibrosis, loss of cilia cells, edema, and vascular proliferation were significantly lower in both MTX and steroid groups than in the control group p0.05 . There were no statistically significant differences with respect to loss of goblet cells and squamous cell metaplasia among the studied groups p>0.05 . Conclusion: Methotrexate may be an alternative or adjuvant therapeutic agent in allergic rhinitis.

Background/aim: Ischemia is insufficient blood flow to provide adequate oxygenation. In the present study, we aimed to show whether acute hypoxia has a critical oxygen value that may lead to the deterioration of cochlear function.Materials and methods: Under general anesthesia, prehypoxic signal-to-noise ratios were determined by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The oxygen saturation (SaO2) values of rats were monitored with an oxygen saturation probe. Rats were injected with an extra dose of anesthetic agent, and SaO2 was reduced. DPOAE values in SaO2 100–90, 90–80, 80–70, and 70–60 posthypoxic values were measured and compared statistically with prehypoxic values.Results: At 3000 and 4000 Hz, SaO2 70–60 values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values measured before the hypoxia. At 6000 and 8000 Hz, SaO2 80–70 and 70–60 values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values measured before the hypoxia. At 10,000 Hz, all of the values measured after the hypoxia were observed to be statistically significantly lower than the values obtained before the hypoxia.Conclusion: Many studies have been conducted on the effects of hypoxia on the inner ear. It remains unclear how fluctuations in DPOAE levels affect hearing in clinical trials when the SaO2 starts to decrease. Although hypoxia has been implicated in the etiology of sudden hearing loss and tinnitus, the effects of acute hypoxia on the cochlea are still uncertain. Further studies are needed on this subject.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to experimentally investigate the protective effects of melatonin in the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Material and Methods: Ten Wistar-albino rats were included in the study. Two equal groups were generated randomly as cisplatin and melatonin groups. Rats’ underwent Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) testing before the drug administration and the results were recorded. Both tests were repeated 72 hours after the cisplatin administration in all rats. Results: Significant difference was found between the I-IV interval values before the treatment and after the treatment both in cisplatin and melatonin group. As well as the significant difference in hearing threshold value changes, statistically, significant differences in ABR-I and ABR-IV interval variations were also seen between the cisplatin and melatonin groups. A statistically significant decrease was found between the initial and final control SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) levels within the cisplatin group in the evaluations at 2000Hz, 3000Hz and 4000Hz. Statistically, significant differences were observed between SNR levels when the melatonin group was compared with the cisplatin group. Conclusion: Melatonin appears to reduce cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. Although, the use of supplementary therapies targeting to reduce the toxic effects in clinical studies is still a controversial point.

Cartilage has been used in otologic surgery for ossicular reconstruction and grafting since 1960s. Due to low metabolic rate, stiffness and stability properties with regard to fascia, it is thought to be more effective in tympanoplasty. With the help of this measurement technique, redundant oversized harvesting of cartilage can be prevented and overmanuplation during graft replacement especially after a delicate ossiculoplasty procedure can be avoided. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the preparation of optimal island cartilage composite graft with a simple sterile suture package template for the appropriate size of the tympanic membrane perforation, and to provide a functional surgery with minimal donor site defect and minimal manipulation. With this technique, 143 patients with chronic otitis have been operated in our clinic. No complications with respect to this method, have been observed up to date. Using an easily prepared template is a simple and effective method for measuring the perforation size.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of low-dose topical administration of methotrexate (MTX) in a toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic rhinitis rat model. Materials and Methods: The experiments were performed on 18 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing between 250-270 g. Rats were divided into four study groups: control group (n=5), sham group (n=3), steroid group (n=5), and MTX group (n=5). After the drugs were administered, multiple biopsies were taken bilaterally from the nasal mucosal areas and evaluated histologically for fibrosis, loss of cilia and goblet cells, edema, squamous cell metaplasia, and vascular proliferation. Results: Fibrosis, loss of cilia cells, edema, and vascular proliferation were significantly lower in both MTX and steroid groups than in the control group (p0.05). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to loss of goblet cells and squamous cell metaplasia among the studied groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Methotrexate may be an alternative or adjuvant therapeutic agent in allergic rhinitis.

Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness (Bartter syndrome type 4) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized with polyhydramniosis, premature birth, massive polyuria, renal salt-wasting, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, normotensive hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism, and hearing loss. Homozygous mutations in BSND, CLCNKA, and CLCNKB mutations cause the disorder. Here we report a 3-year-old boy who had not been evaluated and investigated before cochlear implantation. Hypokalemia was detected during the routine laboratory workup before surgery. Further analyses revealed metabolic alkalosis with high renin and aldosterone levels. Hypokalemia improved with oral potassium chloride supplementation. Genetic tests revealed a homozygous c.139G>A (pG47R) mutation in BSND gene, and both parents were heterozygous for the same mutation. We want to emphasize the importance of evaluating hearing loss in children, since some of the genetic syndromes may cause life threatening abnormalities.

Oncocytoma is a rare neoplasm which consists of 2% of benign salivary gland tumors. Usually oncocytoma is seen in 6th decade and female to male ratio is 1:1. Most of these tumors are localized in parotid gland, the involvement of other salivary glands is rare. The most common presentation is usually slow growing, asymptomatic mass lesion. In this paper a 68-year-old female patient admitted with the complaint of mass lesion at right submandibular gland and diagnosed with oncocytoma was presented and the topic was discussed along with the relevant literature. Key words: Salivary Glands; Submandibular Gland; Neoplasms; Oncocytoma., Onkositoma benign tükrük bezi tümörlerinin %2'sini oluşturan nadir bir neoplazidir. Genelde 6. dekatta görülür ve kadın/erkek oranı 1:1'dir. Bu tümörlerin büyük çoğunluğu parotis glandına yerleşir, diğer tükrük bezlerinde yerleşim nadirdir. Klinikte genelde asemptomatik , yavaş büyüyen kitle ile prezante olurlar. Bu yazıda sağ submandibuler gland yerleşimli kitle nedeniyle başvuran ve onkositoma tanısı alan 68 yaşında bayan hasta sunuldu ve konu literatür bilgileri eşliğinde tartışıldı. Anahtar kelimeler: Tükrük Bezleri; Submandibuler Bez; Neoplazmlar; Onkositoma.

To evaluate the quality of life after surgery for benign neoplastic disease of the parotid gland. Forty-nine patients who underwent surgery for benign parotid disease between January 2004 and December 2008 were included in this retrospective study. EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires were used to determine the quality of life. The variables of these questionnaires were compared with age, gender, educational status, histopathologic diagnosis and Frey syndrome. A statistically significant correlation was noted between the female gender and post-surgical pain, sleeplessness and the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference between age and difficulties in moving the mouth (p < 0.001). Frey syndrome related to social functions, economical difficulties, speech defect, reduced sexuality, and nutritional parameters were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Frey syndrome is the most common complication that affects the quality of life in patients who had parotidectomy due to a benign parotid disease. Therefore, all patients should be informed about Frey syndrome before parotidectomy.

Background/aim: Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug which causes fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and an increase in epidermal growth factor. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of phenytoin injection on the wound healing process in rats with vocal cord injury by histopathological methods. Materials and methods: The vocal cords of 10 albino Wistar rats were damaged bilaterally; the left vocal cord was kept as the control group. Phenytoin was injected in the right vocal cord. Ten rats were sacrificed. The thickness of the lamina propria and density of the fibroblast and collagen were evaluated histopathologically.Results: Thickness of the lamina propria was 18.0 ± 7.1 ?m in the control group, 65.5 ± 10.7 ?m in the phenytoin group. The density of fibroblast and collagen were statistically lower in the control group compared the phenytoin group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Phenytoin injection in rats after vocal cord injury significantly increased the thickness of the lamina propria and density of fibroblast and regular and mature collagen in the lamina propria. The findings in our study provide a feasible scientific view for adding phenytoin treatment to vocal cord surgeries in otolaryngology practice, but further studies are needed in order to evaluate the use of phenytoin in preventing the formation of scar tissue and possible effects on vocal cord vibration in humans after vocal cord injury.