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This study is aimed at revealing the dietary protein requirement for gonad production in the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus, with consideration of protein leaching from diets during seawater immersion. Feeding trials were performed on M. nudus using two diet types with low capacities for protein leaching: starch diets (STG) containing 0–40% gluten in 10%, 5%, and 4% increments (experiments 1–3) and alginate diets (ALG) containing 5–25% gluten in 5% increments (experiment 4). The protein content in the diets was determined after they were immersed in seawater for 24 h or 72 h. The gonad indices of urchins fed STG with 11.4–19.3% protein were significantly higher than those fed STG with 7.8% protein. The protein requirement was estimated to be 12% based on a broken-line regression analysis of urchins fed STG in experiments 1–3. In experiment 4, the gonads became larger as dietary protein content increased from 4.5% to 12.0%, and the sizes were similar to those of urchins fed ALG with 12.0–21.1% protein. The estimated value of 12% was much lower than that reported previously (>20%), indicating that the protein requirement for sea urchin gonad production is modest when the protein-leaching problem is addressed.

The dispersal processes of anatomically modern humans in Asia during the late Middle to early Upper Paleolithic periods have been a focus of intensive research in recent years through interdisciplinary approaches including genetic, paleoanthropological, and archeological studies. However, sparse datasets, often only available from limited time-space contexts have not produced a satisfactory picture of the vast geographic extension of this continent. This study investigated how the chrono-spatial patterning of lithic technological records, which are widely available across Asia, might contribute to our better understanding of the population dynamics in this period. The study is based on a large database (PaleoAsiaDB) recently developed by the authors to accommodate the relevant datasets, including geographical coordinates of each site and available radiometric dates, for the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods in Asia. Each of the 895 lithic assemblages was characterized in terms of the presence/absence of 24 lithic modes/submodes that were adapted from the work of John Shea to fit our research objective. The dataset was analyzed using exploratory statistical methods, including principal component analysis. The results revealed marked spatiotemporal patterns in technological variability from the late Middle to early Upper Paleolithic periods. Some can be interpreted as a result of modern human dispersal, whereas others are better explained from ecological and other perspectives rather than authorships. Although this study has obvious limitations due to its reliance on the information sourced from the literature, it provides a global synthesis of lithic variability in the crucial period of the dispersals of modern humans on a continental scale for the first time. The results serve as a guide to be tested with evidence from other research strategies, such as genetics and fossil studies.

The friction characteristics of a shock absorber are very complex because the reciprocating motion is not always identical. In this study a device was developed and used to analyze the dynamic friction characteristics under various reciprocating sliding conditions to determine the sliding materials and hydraulic oils that improve the shock absorber performance. This study describes the influence of hydraulic oil additive on the fine reciprocating friction characteristics of steel and copper alloy. Hydraulic oils were prepared by blending a paraffinic mineral oil with zinc dithiophosphate (ZnDTP) and polyhydric alcohol ester as additives. The results show that the dynamic frictional characteristics vary mainly depending on the additive concentration. A specific additive formulation induces a unique amplitude-dependent friction behavior. In addition, the influence of different additives on the lubrication mechanism is investigated based on the instrumental analysis of the friction surface.

Background:. Problems with poor circulation often occur when a large defect or a distant region, such as the apex of the nose, is covered with a paramedian forehead flap. Delay technique increases the safety of reconstruction procedures, but it has been used less frequently because a 2-stage surgery is necessary, and various other flaps and techniques have been developed. Method:. We performed the delay technique of paramedian forehead flap at the same time as tumor resection. For the flap, a narrow pedicle of about 1-cm was prepared on the supratrochlear artery and vein, and the incision was extended toward the lateral side conforming to the defect morphology, and a paramedian forehead flap with a design consistent with the esthetic unit containing the defect was prepared. The region below the flap was dissected to create the flap bipedicle, and surgery was completed. Result:. This procedure was used in 4 patients with malignant tumor of the external nose, and the flap survived perfectly in all patients. The postoperative esthetic outcome was also found to be good. Conclusions:. This procedure does not increase the frequency of surgery, circulation in the flap is maintained, the flap pedicle on the supratrochlear artery can be made narrow, and flap thinning can be performed from the beginning. Coverage of an extensive defect is possible because a large flap can be excised, and satisfactory esthetic appearance can be obtained by matching with the esthetic unit. The delay technique for various flaps (not limited to forehead flap alone) should be considered an effective technique for the current treatment of malignant tumors.

The effects of the ligand used for fabricating palladium (Pd)-incorporated porous polymer composites on their catalytic performances were examined from the perspective of catalysis sustainability. To perform this research, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, which were generation zero (G0) and higher, up to G6, the breakdown structure of G0 (that is, the half (G0h) and quarter (G0q)) and a typical small molecule (that is, N,N-dimethyl ethylenediamine (DMEn)) were utilized as ligands. The catalytic performances of the polymer composites were investigated using the aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura carbon cross-coupling reaction as a model reaction. Concerning the efficiency, recyclability and Pd-leaching behavior of the catalytic reaction, polymer composites that were fabricated with PAMAM dendrimers (that is, G1 and higher generations) proved to possess the potential for application as sustainable heterogeneous catalysts. Effects of ligand used for fabricating palladium (Pd)-incorporated porous polymer composites were examined on their catalytic performances (efficiency, recyclability and Pd-leaching behavior). The composites fabricated with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (Gn, n≥1) as ligand were proved to have a function that was potentially applicable as sustainable heterogeneous catalysts.

Background:. We have already reported surgical procedures for lobule-type microtia that provide an excellent contour and shape of the ear with minimum sacrifice of the donor. We have succeeded in establishing a standard surgical technique for almost all types of concha-type microtia that effectively uses the remnant ear and can use a unified costal cartilage frame. Methods and Results:. The concept of our technique is that remnant cartilage should be used maximally but that the deformed area should be completely replaced by the costal cartilage frame. The differences between the cartilage frame for lobule-type microtia and that for concha-type microtia are that the lower half beneath the antihelical area and the concha cymba in the base frame are omitted in concha-type microtia. The area from the tragus to the incisura of the tragus in the antihelical-tragal frame is also omitted. The area of the helical crus in the helical frame and the lower half in the antihelix are not immobilized in the base frame and are free edges. On the other hand, the remnant cartilage outside the concha is removed, but the antitragus is preserved. When the cartilage frame and the remnant are incorporated, all of the components of the ear can be provided. Conclusion:. The ears created by our technique have a natural appearance and clear contour.

The antiviral effects of both a live and non-live Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 (L-92) were investigated by oral administration (10 mg/mouse per d) daily for 21 d in a mouse model infected intranasally with influenza virus (H1N1). Virus titres in the lung of mice administered either live or non-live L-92 cells daily for 15 d were repressed 6 d after virus infection compared with the control group. Natural killer (NK) activity in the orally administered non-live L-92 group was higher compared with that of the control group before virus infection and on day 6. In contrast, NK activity in the live L-92 group compared with the control group was not significantly changed on both days, but was significantly higher on day 1. In contrast, live L-92 showed a greater repression of virus proliferation compared with non-live L-92, 6 d after the infection. Live L-92 decreased the number of neutrophils in the lung and suppressed lung weight, leading to the consequent deterioration of consolidation scores of the lung. These results indicated that pretreatment of live or non-live L-92 cells had protective effects against influenza virus infection. Among the measured cytokines and chemokines, eotaxin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-1β, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and interferon-α were significantly increased in the lung: IL-17 was significantly increased in Peyer's patch of the live L-92 group compared with the control group. A mechanistic study suggested that the enhancement of NK activity in the lung caused by stimulating various antiviral cytokines and chemokines after the oral administration of L-92 cells might be important in protecting against virus infection.

It is well known that lead-bronze is widely used in the automotive industry owing to the high anti-seizure property. However, because of toxicity of lead, the automotive industry demands a lead-free copper alloy from the viewpoint of environment. Lead- free copper alloy, which has the anti-seizure property as high as lead-bronze, has not been yet well exploited. For this reason, the objective of this study is to improve the anti-seizure property of lead-free copper alloy using a laser surface texturing (LST). In this study, a ring-on-ring sliding friction tester was used to assess the effectiveness of LST on the anti-seizure property of lead- free copper alloy. The upper specimens were made of FCD700, while the textured bottom specimens were made of PBC2 (lead- free copper alloy). A Daphne Hydraulic Fluid 32 (Idemitsu) paraffinic oil was used as a lubricant. The sliding friction test was conducted with a running-in period for 10 min at a load of 50 N. Afterwards, the load was increased incrementally from 50 N to 1600 N, while the friction coefficient was measured simultaneously. The friction test results showed that the textured specimens have a better anti-seizure property compared to the non-textured specimens. Based on the obtained experimental results, it was concluded that the arrangement and area ratio of dimples play an important role in improving the anti-seizure property.

For reduction of the amount of CO2 emitted from ships, power generation characteristics of two power generation systems consisting of a high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous generator and diode bridge rictifiers are discussed in this paper. One of the discussed systems has three-phase stator windings, and the other has two sets of three-phase (six-phase) stator windings to reduce pulsation in the electromagnetic torque and DC current. Experimental results reveal that the power generation efficiency of the system having six-phase stator windings is higher than that of the system having three-phase stator windings for a light load. The maximum power generation efficiency of the system having six-phase stator windings is almost the same as that of the system having three-phase stator windings. For the electromagnetic torque of the system having six-phase stator windings, the width of pulsation is about one-fifth compared to the system having three-phase stator windings.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of prolonged ingestion of Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 (L-92) on skin symptoms in adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients, a placebo-controlled double-blinded parallel-group comparison study was performed. This included daily administration of heat-killed and dried L-92 or placebo for 24wk in 50 AD patients who were 16yr old or older. The severity of skin symptoms was evaluated at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24wk during the intervention using the investigator global assessment, eczema area and severity index, and scoring atopic dermatitis. Serum cytokine and blood marker levels were also measured at baseline and at 4, 8, 16, and 24wk during the intervention. No adverse events were reported during the study period. Compared with the placebo group, the L-92 group showed significant decreases in investigator global assessment, eczema area and severity index, and scoring atopic dermatitis. Subjective symptoms in adult AD patients were reduced by intake of L-92. Furthermore, it was suggested that sustained ingestion of L-92 resulted in suppression of scratching behavior and maintenance of remission status of skin symptoms. Sixteen weeks after the study commenced, a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase and a significant increase in transforming growth factor-β were observed in the L-92 group compared with the placebo group. In the L-92 group, a significant elevation of IL-12 (p70) level at the end of treatment period compared with before the treatment was observed. This study suggested that L-92 suppresses type-2-helper-T-cell-dominant inflammation by activating regulatory T cells and type 1 helper T cells.

Flow characteristics of a free-horizontal-axis-turbine (FHAT) current power generation system have been investigated by the use of a volumetric PTV. Three types of FHAT system (S50, SE50, S65) have been tested under the current speed 1.35 knot, 1.5 knot and 2 knot. The width of the blade installed around the body is 50 mm. Based upon the power generation characteristics of the FHAT, the flow features of the blade have been investigated. Among the three models it has been verified that the S65 is the most appropriate for power generations.

本稿は、医療法人再生のための法的手続きの有効性を考察すると共に、経営危機又は経営破綻に陥った場合の問題点を指摘し、医療法人再生のための方策を考察するものである。

A minimum cost spanning tree game is called ultrametric if the cost function on the edges of the underlying network is an ultrametric. We show that every ultrametric minimum cost spanning tree game is reduced to a cost allocation game on a rooted tree. It follows that there exist O(n 2 ) time algorithms for computing the Shapley value, the nucleolus and the egalitarian allocation of the ultrametric minimum cost spanning tree games, where n is the number of players.

7例の非結核性抗酸菌（NTM）症に対し，肺葉切除2例，肺区域切除2例，肺部分切除3例の外科的処置を試行し良好な結果を得た．特に，肺部分切除は胸腔鏡下に行い，手術侵襲としても低く，術後の残存呼吸機能も十分保たれ，術後の入院期間も3日と満足のいく結果であった．術後の経過観察期間は平均20.7ヵ月であり，現時点で再燃・再発が確認された症例は無く十分治療効果があったと考える．これまで国内外を含め外科治療の適応基準は存在するが，明確なエビデンスに基づいたものはない．今回，7症例のうち5症例がこれまでの外科治療の適応基準に合致しなかった．これまでの適応基準に合致しない症例の中にも外科治療の適応があると考えられる例が存在する．今後，症例を集積・検討し，新たな手術の適応基準を作成することが必要と考える．

In Large Helical Device (LHD), the discharges of high Z are often used in order to obtain high ion temperature. The ion density is relatively smaller than the electron density in high Z plasma. Therefore the high ion temperature can be obtained since the input energy per ion atom is large. In the charge exchange neutral diagnostic, the ion temperature can be obtained by observing the spectra of neutral particles, which are generated by the charge exchange between the background neutral and the plasma ion, and assuming theMaxwellian distribution of the spectra. In calculation, we also consider the charge exchange between the partially ionized high Z ion and proton. The contribution of neutral particle from the charge exchange between argon and proton is small near the center but cannot be neglected near the peripheral region comparing with that of hydrogen charge exchange

The new TiO2 photocatalytic filter supported by photo-induced activated hydroxyapatite (HAp Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) was developed and the complete oxidation of acetaldehyde on the filter was investigated. The photocatalytic filter was fabricated by coating TiO2 and HAp on the porous ceramics body. In the decomposition of acetaldehyde using this composite filter, CO2 generation came to maximum at 20 min after starting of UV (254 nm) irradiation and the value was the stoichiometric to the complete oxidation. The rapid and complete oxidative decomposition of acetaldehyde can be achieved using the new photocatalytic composite filter in spite of the very small contact time, about 0.4 s through the filter and one path method. This effect would not be explained alone by the absorption capacity of HAp for acetaldehyde. Synergic and composite effect of HAp followed by radical formation under light is maximum at 254 nm.

Layer-by-layer (LbL) multilayer films of monomethyl maleate copolymers with styrene (P1) or vinyl carbazole (P2) were fabricated on oxidized surfaces, such as silicon wafers, quartz plates, or indi...

厨房排気臭は、都市部での代表的な悪臭として認識が高まりつつある。そこで、その対策として光触媒技術の適用を検討した。光触媒フィルターには、3次元網目構造をもつセラミックス多孔体にTiO2微粒子をコーティングし、さらに、その表面には、化学的に安定したナノサイズの銀を担持して用いた。対象とした臭気は、中華料理店からの厨房排気臭とし、その排気臭に寄与している硫化水素の脱臭性能を確認する基礎的な試験を行い、得られた知見から光触媒脱臭装置を作成した。その結果、中華料理店の厨房排気臭に対してナノサイズの銀を担持した光触媒技術が利用できることが明らかになった。

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films of 4-cyano-4‘-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) were fabricated between two quartz substrates, the surfaces of which had been modified with the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of CH3−(CH2)17−Si(OMe)3 (1), HS−(CH2)10−Si(OEt)3 (2), and NC−(CH2)11−Si(OEt)3 (3). The SAM-modification effects on the molecular aggregation of 5CB were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence analysis for the PDLC films. Remarkably, it was found that selective excitation of the interface layer with the substrate surface gave both the monomer and excimer emissions of 5CB in relative intensities, depending on the chemical nature of the SAM surfaces. While the monomer and excimer emissions appeared in comparative intensities in the case of the unmodified quartz surface, the surface modification with the SAM of 1 resulted in a dominant contribution of the excimer emission. By contrast, the monomer emission was much stronger than the excimer emission in the case of the surface modifi...

To determine the reason for the low levels of Surface layer protein A (SlpA) on CP23 cells, which might play a crucial role in the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus, the DNA sequence of the slpA gene of CP23 and L-92 strains, including the upstream region, were analyzed. Unexpectedly, there was no significant difference in the predicted amino acid sequence of the C-terminus needed for cell anchoring, and only an additional Ala-Val-Ala sequence inserted in the N-terminal region of the mature CP23 protein. Therefore, anchoring of SlpA on the cell wall of CP23 and L-92 was evaluated by a reconstitution assay, which showed that SlpA released by LiCl treatment from both CP23 and L-92 was successfully anchored on LiCl-treated L-92 cells, but not on LiCl-treated CP23 cells. Moreover, quantitative analysis of SlpA protein in the culture medium of CP23 and L-92 by ELISA revealed higher levels of SlpA secretion in CP23 cells than in L-92 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the lower levels of SlpA on the surface of CP23 cells might be caused by less cell wall capacity for SlpA anchoring, leading to an accumulation of SlpA in the culture medium of CP23 cells. The present study supports the importance of cell surface structure of L. acidophilus L-92 for SlpA anchoring on the cell surface needed for immunomodulatory effect.

An efficient synthesis of a structurally unique, novel M(3) antagonist 1 is described. Compound 1 is conveniently disconnected retrosynthetically at the amide bond to reveal the acid portion 2 and the amine fragment 3. The synthesis of key intermediate 2 is highlighted by a ZnCl(2)-MAEP complex 19 catalyzed diastereoselective Michael reaction of dioxolane 7 with 2-cyclopenten-1-one (5) to establish the contiguous quaternary-tertiary chiral centers and a subsequent geminal difluorination of ketone 17 using Deoxofluor in the presence of catalytic BF(3).OEt(2). The synthesis of the amine moiety 3 is highlighted by the discovery of a novel n-Bu(3)MgLi magnesium-halogen exchange reaction for selective functionalization of 2,6-dibromopyridine. This new and practical metalation protocol obviated cryogenic conditions and upon quenching with DMF gave 6-bromo-2-formylpyridine (26) in excellent yield. Further transformations afforded the amine fragment 3 via reductive amination with 35, Pd-catalyzed aromatic amination, and deprotection. Finally, the highly convergent synthesis of 1 was accomplished by coupling of the two fragments. This synthesis has been used to prepare multi-kilogram quantities of the bulk drug.

Two distinct synthetic approaches to the biologically active and structurally unique endothelin antagonist J-104132 (1) have been developed Each synthesis involves a highly selective intramolecular cyclization of a late stage intermediate (bottom to top vs top to bottom) produced from a common early intermediate. Both routes initially yielded multi-gram quantities of the desired product, with the former ultimately developed to pilot scale readiness. Several novel reactions have been developed throughout the course of our studies. These involve a mild bromination of a pyridone to form a bromopyridine, a mild and efficient TEMPO catalyzed oxidation of an alcohol to give a carboxylic acid, as well as a novel stereoselective samarium iodide mediated deoxygenation reaction. These reactions have proved to be quite general and have been applied to a wide variety of substrates.

中国北部地域の旧石器文化を対象として,その石刃技術の成立期の様相を提示するとともに,朝鮮半島・日本列島の該期の様相との比較を行い,東アジアの石刃技術成立期の特徴の把握を試みた.その結果,中国北部では石刃技術の成立とその石器文化への組み込みをめぐって,北アジアのムスチエ文化の系統を引く文化の流入によるものと,在地の中期旧石器文化の自律的な発展によるもの,という2つの状況を確認できた.また,朝鮮半島・日本列島との比較では,各地域で約3.5万から3万年前に石刃技術が成立し,石器製作技術へ導入されたことが判明した.その状況は,技術や伝統を異にするいくつかの在地的な中期旧石器文化を基礎とし,各地域での自律的な技術発展の結果,石刃技術が成立し,石器製作技術へ組み込まれていったと想定できるものであった.仮に,地域間に石刃技術の伝播が存在していたとしても,それは限定されたものと考えられる.

Background: Here, we introduce our recent operative technique for ear elevation that results in (1) minimal morbidity for patients, (2) symmetric appearance, (3) clearer 3-dimensional structure with a deep concha, (4) good aesthetic appearance by hiding the grafted area behind the ear, and (5) maintenance of deep temporoauricular sulcus and angle. Methods: After a skin incision, the ear is elevated with temporoparietal fascia underlying the cartilage. On the conchal area, undermining is performed just below the skin so that the deep concavity can be maintained. Scalp and neck skin behind the ear is undermined subcutaneously and lifted up cranially to hide the entire area of grafted skin behind the ear. The postauricular surface is covered by full-thickness skin from the lower abdomen. A protective splint is applied for 3 months while sleeping. Results: A total of 137 ears in 121 patients were corrected with our technique and followed up for at least 3 years. All of the scar tissue could be hidden behind the ear, an aesthetically excellent result. Conclusions: Our technique made it possible to acquire an excellent and symmetrical shape of the ear. The important points in our procedure are as follows: (1) subcutaneous posterior undermining to enlarge the conchal cavity, (2) careful arrangement of the temporoauricular angle and auriculo-earlobe angle, (3) reduction in the area of temporally grafted skin to hide all scars behind the ear, and (4) protection of the ear to maintain the shape using a postoperative splint.

Transient vibration occurs out when the force acting on a system suddenly changes. Overshoot of the response is one of the evaluation points of the transient characteristics. However, it is difficult in a multi-degree-of-freedom system to reduce the overshoot without increasing damping. That is because so many vibrational components appear at once and interfere with each other. Sensitivity analysis has been used to improve eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes or transfer functions, but few applications are known in the field of time domain response. In this paper, improvement of the overshoot in transient vibration by sensitivity analysis is discussed.

For the purpose of improving the anti-asthmatic activity of 3-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-yl)thiopropanesulfonamide (I), the computer-assisted automated synthesis apparatus developed at Takeda was used to modify the sulfonamide moiety of I. Several kinds of sulfonamide derivatives (1-24) were easily obtained, confirming the usefulness of the automated synthesis apparatus in the laboratory. Anti-asthmatic activity of these derivatives was examined in a platelet activating factor (PAF)-induced bronchoconstriction. Among them, the piperidino-piperidine derivative (13) was found to possess comparable activity to that of I

This paper describes the development of fully-automated synthesis systems for preparing and isolating various kinds of pharmaceutical compounds. The systems are versatile, and are able to perform most of the chemical reactions currently used in organic chemistry, with the exception of hydrogenation which requires high pressure. An additional benefit is the very user-friendly software.

AIM To apply nutrition care management to elderly female patients, we predicted serum albumin (s-Alb) levels by non-invasive factors. METHODS After excluding patients with lesions/diseases which were directly related to s-Alb levels, we investigated 147 elderly women aged 75-years or over who were taking meals orally and were hospitalized from April 2008 to April 2009 at a hospital in Toyota. The patients were classified into 2 groups, one of patients with s-Alb levels of 3.5 g/dl or below (n=80), and the other of those with s-Alb levels of over 3.5 g/dl (n=67). Between the 2 groups, we examined differences in age, body mass index (BMI), living arrangements, necessary nursing care level (NNCL), bed confinement level (BCL), OH scale level (OHSL), and dietary intake either by the Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated among s-Alb levels and selected variables. Taking into account the correlation coefficients, we conducted multiple regression analysis adopting the s-Alb level as a dependent variable and non-invasive factors as independent variables. For all the performed tests and analyses, a p value of less than 0.05 (on two-tailed analysis) was assumed to represent a statistically significant difference. RESULTS S-Alb level was significantly associated with variables, including age, BMI, NNCL, BCL, OHSL, and percentage of protein intake (PPI). Multiple regression analysis revealed 4 significant variables: age, BCL, OHSL, and PPI. The multiple regression equation was y=4.977-(0.098×OHSL)-(0.080×BCL)-(0.016×age)+(0.003×PPI), and the multiple correlation coefficient R(2) was 0.398 (p

The effects of lactosucrose (4G-β-D-galactosylsucrose) on fecal flora and fecal putrefactive products were studied in 3 Himalayan and 5 Persian cats fed 175 mg of lactosutrose/each/day for 2 weeks. During lactosucrose administration, the counts of lactobacilli increased significantly (p

Transient vibration occurs out when the force acting on a system suddenly changes. Overshoot of the response is one of the evaluation points of the transient characteristics. However, it is difficult in a multi-degree-of-freedom system to reduce the overshoot without increasing damping. That is because so many vibrational components appear at once and interfere with each other. Sensitivity analysis has been used to improve eigenfrequencies, eigenmodes or transfer functions, but few applications are known in the field of time domain response. In this paper, improvement of the overshoot in a transient vibration through the sensitivity analysis is discussed.