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Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations have been applied to molecular dissociation events by adding a harmonic force to molecules. Further, molecules are pulled at a constant velocity. However, instead of the constant-velocity pulling, we use a constant force: the constant-force SMD (CF-SMD) simulation. The CF-SMD simulation employs a constant force to reduce the activation barrier of molecular dissociation, thereby enhancing the dissociation event. Here, we present the capability of the CF-SMD simulation to estimate the dissociation rate at equilibrium. We performed all-atom CF-SMD simulations for NaCl and protein–ligand systems, producing dissociation rates at various forces. We extrapolated these values to the dissociation rate without a constant force using the Dudko–Hummer–Szabo model. We demonstrate that the CF-SMD simulations and the model predicted the dissociation rate in equilibrium. A CF-SMD simulation is a powerful tool for estimating the dissociation rate in a direct and computationally efficient manner.

Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation has been applied to molecular dissociation events by adding harmonic forces to molecules, and within most SMDs, molecules are pulled at a constant velocity. Instead of the constant-velocity pulling, a constant force can also be utilized in SMD, which we call constant-force SMD (CF-SMD) simulation. CF-SMD employs a constant force that reduces activation barriers, enhancing a dissociation event. Here, we present the capability of CF- SMD simulation to estimate a dissociation rate in equilibrium. We performed all-atom CF-SMD simulations for an NaCl system and protein-ligand systems, producing dissociation rates under various forces. We extrapolated them to the dissociation rate in the absence of a constant force, using Dudko-Hummer-Szabo model. We demonstrated that CF-SMD simulations combined with the model predicted a dissociation rate in equilibrium. CF-SMD simulation would be a powerful tool to estimate dissociation rate in a direct and computationally efficient manner.

Cryptic sites are binding pockets that are transiently formed in an apo form or that are induced by ligand binding. The investigation of cryptic sites is crucial for drug discovery, since these sites are ubiquitous in disease-related human proteins, and targeting them expands the number of drug targets greatly. However, although many computational studies have attempted to identify cryptic sites, the detection remains challenging. Here, we aimed to characterize and detect cryptic sites in terms of structural fluctuations in an apo form, investigating proteins each of which possesses a cryptic site. From their X-ray structures, we saw that aromatic residues tended to be found in cryptic sites. To examine structural fluctuations of the apo forms, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, producing probability distributions of the solvent-accessible surface area per aromatic residue. To detect aromatic residues in cryptic sites, we have proposed a "cryptic-site index" based on the distribution, demonstrating the performance via several measures, such as recall and specificity. Besides, we found that high-ranking aromatic residues were likely to probe concaves in a cryptic site. This implies that such fluctuations provide a profile of scaffolds of compounds with the potential to bind to a particular cryptic site.

To elucidate computationally a binding mechanism of a middle-sized flexible molecule, bosentan, to a GPCR protein, human endothelin receptor type B (hETB), a GA-guided multidimensional virtual-system coupled molecular dynamics (GA-mD-VcMD) simulation was performed. This method is one of generalized ensemble methods and produces a free-energy landscape of the ligand-receptor binding by searching large-scale motions accompanied with stably keeping the fragile cell-membrane structure. All molecular components (bosentan, hETB, membrane, and solvent) were represented with an all-atom model, and sampling was carried out from conformations where bosentan was distant from the binding site in the hETB’s binding pocket. The deepest basin in the resultant free-energy landscape was assigned to the native-like complex conformation. The obtained binding mechanism is as follows. First, bosentan fluctuating randomly in solution is captured by a tip region of the flexible N-terminal tail of hETB via nonspecific attractive interactions (fly-casting). Bosentan then occasionally slides from the tip to root of the N-terminal tail (ligand–sliding). In this sliding, bosentan passes the gate of the binding pocket from outside to inside of the pocket with accompanying a quick reduction of the molecular orientational variety of bosentan (orientational selection). Last, in the pocket, ligand–receptor attractive native contacts are formed, and eventually the native-like complex is completed. The bosentan-captured conformations by the tip- and root-regions of the N-terminal tail correspond to two basins in the free-energy landscape, and the ligand–sliding corresponds to overcoming a free-energy barrier between the basins.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been widely spread around the world. It is necessary to examine the viral proteins that play a notorious role in the invasion of our body. The main protease (3CLpro) facilitates the maturation of the coronavirus. It is thought that the dimerization of 3CLpro leads to its catalytic activity; the detailed mechanism has, however, not been suggested. Furthermore, the structural differences between the predecessor SARS-CoV 3CLpro and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro have not been fully understood. Here, we show the structural and dynamical differences between the two main proteases, and demonstrate the relationship between the dimerization and the activity via atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Simulating monomeric and dimeric 3CLpro systems for each protease, we show that (i) global dynamics between the two different proteases are not conserved, (ii) the dimerization stabilizes the catalytic dyad and hydration water molecules behind the dyad, and (iii) the substrate-binding site (active site) and hydration water molecules in each protomer fluctuate asymmetrically. We then speculate the roles of hydration water molecules in their catalytic activity.

Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for intra-cellular transport in eukaryotic cells. Using Fluctuating Finite Element Analysis (FFEA), a novel algorithm that represents proteins as continuum viscoelastic solids subject to thermal noise, we are building computational tools to study the mechanics of these molecular machines. Here we present a methodology for obtaining the material parameters required to represent the flexibility of cytoplasmic dynein within FFEA from atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and show that this continuum representation is sufficient to capture the principal dynamic properties of the motor.

This paper shows that WKB wave function can be expressed in the form of an adiabatic expansion. To build a bridge between two widely invoked approximation schemes seems pedagogically instructive. Further, “cubic-WKB” method that has been devised in order to overcome the divergence problem of WKB can be also presented in the form of an adiabatic approximation: The adiabatic expansion of a wave function contains a certain parameter. When this parameter is adjusted so as to make the next order correction vanish approximately, the adiabatic wave function becomes equivalent to that of the “cubic-WKB”.

Shinji Iida, Tadaaki Mashimo, Takashi Kurosawa, Hironobu Hojo, Hiroya Muta, Yuji Goto, Yoshifumi Fukunishi, Haruki Nakamura, and Junichi Higo, "Variation of free‐energy landscape of the p53 C‐terminal domain induced by acetylation: Enhanced conformational sampling", Journal of Computational Chemistry, 37, 2687-2700, Wiley, 2016, The C‐terminal domain (CTD) of tumor suppressor protein p53 is an intrinsically disordered region that binds to various partner proteins, where lysine of CTD is acetylated/nonacetylated and histidine neutralized/non‐neutralized. Because of the flexibility of the unbound CTD, a free‐energy landscape (FEL) is a useful quantity for determining its statistical properties. We conducted enhanced conformational sampling of CTD in the unbound state via virtual system coupled multicanonical molecular dynamics, in which the lysine was acetylated or nonacetylated and histidine was charged or neutralized. The fragments were expressed by an all‐atom model and were immersed in an explicit solvent. The acetylation and charge‐neutralization varied FEL greatly, which might be convenient to exert a hub property. The acetylation slightly enhanced alpha‐helix structures that are more compact than sheet/loop conformations. The charge‐neutralization produced hairpins. Additionally, circular dichroism experiments confirmed the computational results. We propose possible binding mechanisms of CTD to partners by investigating FEL.

We introduce various, recently developed, generalized ensemble methods, which are useful to sample various molecular configurations emerging in the process of protein–protein or protein–ligand binding. The methods introduced here are those that have been or will be applied to biomolecular binding, where the biomolecules are treated as flexible molecules expressed by an all-atom model in an explicit solvent. Sampling produces an ensemble of conformations (snapshots) that are thermodynamically probable at room temperature. Then, projection of those conformations to an abstract low-dimensional space generates a free-energy landscape. As an example, we show a landscape of homo-dimer formation of an endothelin-1-like molecule computed using a generalized ensemble method. The lowest free-energy cluster at room temperature coincided precisely with the experimentally determined complex structure. Two minor clusters were also found in the landscape, which were largely different from the native complex form. Although those clusters were isolated at room temperature, with rising temperature a pathway emerged linking the lowest and second-lowest free-energy clusters, and a further temperature increment connected all the clusters. This exemplifies that the generalized ensemble method is a powerful tool for computing the free-energy landscape, by which one can discuss the thermodynamic stability of clusters and the temperature dependence of the cluster networks.

The electric power industry has undergone considerable changes in the past decade throughout the world. The essential feature of these changes is to promote competition among utilities and to form active power market with reliable and less expensive electricity. Under these circumstances, stabilization and voltage stability problems of power systems are very important. Power systems engineers are examining the effect of the resistance value of braking resistors and the timing of their insertion on the improvement of the stability level. In this paper, we report on experiments carried out on the optimal size and switching of braking resistors, shunt capacitors, and other auxiliary devices. The experimental system model consists of a single synchronous generator connected through two parallel transmission lines to an infinite bus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(8): 11–19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10130

The correlations of the QCD Dirac eigenvalues are studied with use of an extended chiral random matrix model. The inclusion of spatial dependence which the original model lacks enables us to investigate the effects of diffusion modes. We get analytical expressions of level correlation functions with non-universal behavior caused by diffusion modes which is characterized by Thouless energy. Pion mode is shown to be responsible for these diffusion effects when QCD vacuum is considered a disordered medium., Comment: 17 pages, section 4.3 removed, minor changes

Applications of wheeled mobile robots have been widely expanded in the field of flexible automation. However for the purpose of smooth motion and simple planning, development of holonomic omnidirectional vehicles has been expected. To meet the requirements of holonomic omnidirectional motion, we propose a new vehicle mechanism using three balls instead of wheels, in which each driving unit consists of a servomotor and a ball. This study focuses on the analysis of dynamics and control of the vehicle. After presenting the mechanism of the vehicle, a nonlinear model which expresses the dynamics of the vehicle is derived. The analysis of the dynamics based on a linearized model clarifies the characteristics of the vehicle such as controllability and observability of the model. Thus, a simple independent ball rotational speed controller for each ball is used to realize the omnidirectional motion control of the vehicle. Validity of the model and effectiveness of the controller are evaluated based on simulations and experiments.

A general stochastic traffic cellular automaton (CA) model, which includes slow-to-start effect and driver's perspective, is proposed in this paper. It is shown that this model includes well known traffic CA models such as Nagel-Schreckenberg model, Quick-Start model, and Slow-to-Start model as specific cases. Fundamental diagrams of this new model clearly show metastable states around the critical density even when stochastic effect is present. We also obtain analytic expressions of the phase transition curve in phase diagrams by using approximate flow-density relations at boundaries. These phase transition curves are in excellent agreement with numerical results., 16 pages, 13 figures

We calculate two-point energy level correlation function in weakly disorderd metallic grain with taking account of localization corrections to the universal random matrix result. Using supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model and exactly integrating out spatially homogeneous modes, we derive the expression valid for arbitrary energy differences from quantum to diffusive regime for the system with broken time reversal symmetry. Our result coincides with the one obtained by Andreev and Altshuler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 902 (1995)] where homogeneous modes are perturbatively treated., Comment: 12 pages, no figure, REVTeX 3.1 with pLaTeX 2e; v2: minor grammatical changes

We study S-matrix correlations for random matrix ensembles with a Hamiltonian which is the sum of a given deterministic part and of a random matrix with a Gaussian probability distribution. Using Efetov's supersymmetry formalism, we show that, in the limit of infinite matrix size of the Hamiltonian, correlation functions of S-matrix elements are universal on the scale of the local mean level spacing: the dependence of the deterministic part enters into these correlation functions only through the average S-matrix and the average level density. This statement applies to each of the three symmetry classes (orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic)., 5 pages, no figure, REVTeX 3.1 with pLaTeX 2e. Minor corrections, references added. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E

We investigate the deviation of the level-correlation functions from the universal form for the chiral symmetric classes. Using the supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model we formulate the perturbation theory. The large energy behavior is compared with the result of the diagrammatic perturbation theory. We have the diffuson and cooperon contributions even in the average density of states. For the unitary and orthogonal classes we get the small energy behavior that suggests a weakening of the level repulsion. For the symplectic case we get a result with opposite tendency., Comment: 7 pages, revtex, 2 eps figures, references added, some minor changes

Background: Theserum erythropoietin level increases markedly during chemotherapy for leukemia. A number of hypotheses have been built for the mechanism, none of them satisfactory. Difficulty in evaluating bone marrow activity hampers the elucidation. Therefore, we focused on patients who had non-hematological cancer and no evidence of bone marrow suppression. Methods: Twelve patients, who had lung cancer (fourwith small cellcancer andeight with non-small cell cancer) and who had not undergone any chemotherapy, were studied. During chemotherapy, we measured serum erythropoietin, serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity and hemoglobin concentration in these patients. Results: Theserum erythropoietin level before chemotherapy (10.8 ± 7.4mU/ml) waswithin the normal range butthepeakvalues afterthe first treatment (73.4 ± 90.4mU/ml) increased in all patients. In the patients with small cell cancer, a transient but marked increase in erythropoietin value (204.6 ± 167.3 mU/ml) was observed after each session of chemotherapy while hemoglobin concentration decreased gradually. Throughout treatments, elevation of the serum iron concentration and concomitant reduction of unsaturated iron binding capacity were observed after each session of chemotherapy. They regained their original values whilst the serum erythropoietin level decreased after each chemotherapy session was completed. Conclusions: It is suggested that the suppression of erythroid marrow by chemo­ therapeutic agents causes the changes in serum erythropoietin level during chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.

We characterized six self-indicating substrates, synthesized as the derivative compounds of acetylphenyl phosphate, for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity. One of the substrates, 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenyl phosphate (DCAPP), is superior to others in terms of stability, affinity, and low Km for PAP. The hydrolyzed product, 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenol (DCAP), has a maximum absorption at 334.2 nm, a pKa of 4.15, and a molar absorptivity at 340 nm of 21,490 L.mol-1.cm-1 in citrate-HCl buffer, pH 5.4. PAP activity was assessed by subtracting tartaric acid-inhibited acid phosphatase activity from total acid phosphatase activity. Our assay system involving DCAPP is a unique kinetic method that shows good reproducibility, wide analytical dynamic range, and high specificity for PAP. Moreover, it is easily adaptable to automated analyzers because the product, DCAP, can be monitored at 340 nm.

It is shown that the ordinary framework of (adiabatic) time-dependent Hartree-Fock method can uniquely speCify the collective submanifold and its canonical coordinate system, with the aid of the RP A and the canonicity condition. Some criticism is given to the pesimistic viewpoint concerning the unique specification of collective submanifold within the adiabatic time-dependent Hartree-Fock method. A decisive foundation of the approach developed by Marumori, Maskawa, Sakata and one of the present authors (A. K.) is given.

23Gテルモカテラン針を穿刺針とし圧トランスデューサーで,外来患者32例を含め120症例に対し肝内圧の測定を行なった.正常者,急性肝炎,慢性遷延性肝炎,特発性門脈圧亢進症の間には,有意差はなかったが,慢性遷延性肝炎から慢性活動性肝炎さらに肝硬変と病態が進行するほど肝内圧は有意に上昇していた.特発性門脈圧亢進症は肝硬変と比べ有意に低値を示した.経皮経肝的門脈カテーテル法と肝静脈カテーテル法施行時に同時に肝内圧の測定を行なったところ,肝内圧は門脈圧,閉塞肝静脈圧,補正閉塞肝静脈圧,門脈圧一自由肝静脈圧,いずれとも良い相関を示したが,補正閉塞肝静脈圧と最も良い一次相関(r=0.90)を認めた.肝内圧の測定は,外来でも安全かつ簡単に繰り返しできることから,肝疾患の病態把握や経過観察に有用な検査方法であると考える.

To study the mechanism for the elevation of serum bile acids in liver cirrhosis, bile acid concentrations were measured in the portal, superior mesenteric, and splenic veins, using percutaneous transhepatic catheterization, and compared with those of peripheral veins in 41 patients with mild to moderately advanced cirrhosis. The demonstrated gradient of bile acid concentration was superior mesenteric vein greater than portal vein greater than peripheral vein nearly equal to splenic vein, suggesting that the superior mesenteric vein is the main route of transport for the intestinally absorbed bile acids. Bile acid concentrations in peripheral vein were correlated with the measured portal and splenic vein shunt indexes. The ursodeoxycholic acid oral tolerance test carried out in 10 patients during portal vein catheterization demonstrated that hepatic extraction of this bile acid was correlated with indocyanine green clearance and that it was inversely correlated with portal vein shunt index. These findings are consistent with the view that distorted hepatic blood flow has a significant role in elevating serum bile acid, at least in patients with moderately advanced liver cirrhosis.

各種肝疾患155例に経皮経肝門脈造影を施行し,門脈圧,側副血行路径を計測し,更に異なる核種で標識したmacroaggregated albumin (MAA)を用い,うち100例で門脈短絡率,50例で脾静脈短絡率,52例で総短絡率を測定した.その結果,1)総側副血行路径が増大すると,総短絡率も増加する.2)総側副血行路径は,門脈圧の上昇と共に増加して行くが,更に増加しているものでは,むしろ門脈圧は低い.3)門脈圧と総短絡率の間には,y=-0.070xx2+7.63x+180.91 (n=52, r=0.7494, p

An oral tolerance test using a 25-mg dose of ursodeoxycholic acid was carried out in 46 patients with constitutional hyperbilirubinemias: 26 with Gilbert's syndrome, 9 with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, 7 with Rotor Syndrome, 3 with constitutional indocyanine green intolerance, and 1 with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II; they were compared with 14 healthy control subjects. The integrated area under the curve of increments of serum UDCA above the base line between 0 and 2 h after oral administration was significantly increased in patients with Gilbert's syndrome and Dubin-Johnson syndrome, whereas it was normal in patients with Rotor syndrome and constitutional indocyanine green intolerance. As the area under the curve reflects the hepatic clearance of intestinally absorbed ursodeoxycholic acid and therefore gives a quantitative estimate of hepatic ursodeoxycholic acid clearance, the hepatic clearance of ursodeoxycholic acid seems to be impaired in patients with Gilbert's syndrome and Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Administration of phenobarbital, 100 mg/day for 2 wk, improved the ursodeoxycholic acid tolerance test in concordance with the reduction in serum bilirubin in 9 patients with Gilbert's syndrome studied. If the turnover of ursodeoxycholic acid is representative of that of other bile acids, these findings suggest that the hepatic transport of bile acid is impaired like other anions in patients with certain constitutional hyperbilirubinemias.

We studied the direction of blood flow in the splenic vein, using a combined ultrasonic system consisting of an electronic sector scanner and a pulsed Doppler flowmeter, in 21 patients with a large spontaneous splenorenal shunt demonstrated by angiography. Pulsed Doppler flowmetry revealed hepatofugal flow in the splenic vein in all 11 patients with chronic spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatopetal flow in 10 patients without encephalopathy. In the former, hepatofugal flow of part of the superior mesenteric venous blood into the splenorenal shunt was corroborated by the venogram obtained after superior mesenteric arteriography. In 5 patients without a history of hepatic encephalopathy, superior mesenteric arteriography demonstrated hepatofugal flow of part of the superior mesenteric venous blood into the splenorenal shunt. Pulsed Doppler flowmetry, however, revealed hepatopetal flow in all of these patients, suggesting that the angiographic finding of hepatofugal flow may have represented an artifact.

Portal hemodynamics were studied in 55 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison with 41 normal subjects, using the duplex system that consists of an electronic sector scanner and a pulsed Doppler velocitometer. Changes of portal hemodynamics after transcatheter hepatic artery embolization were also investigated in 15 of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The duplex system showed that 9 of the 55 had no Doppler signal in the portal trunk, suggesting portal vein thrombosis, 2 had hepatofugal flow in the portal trunk indicative of arterioportal shunts, and 44 had hepatopetal flow in the portal trunk. One of the 9 patients with no significant portal venous flow showed hepatopetal flow in collateral veins at the porta hepatis, suggesting cavernous transformation of the portal vein. All of these ultrasound findings were confirmed by subsequent celiac-mesenteric angiography. In 44 of the 55 patients there was no tumor invasion in the portal trunk, and portal venous flow was found to be close to that of normal subjects regardless of the stage or size of tumor, and tumor invasion into relatively large portal branches. After transcatheter hepatic artery embolization, portal venous flow was increased, even on the next day, and it remained increased for at least 2 wk. Thus, the duplex system is useful to study qualitative and quantitative changes of portal hemodynamics in hepatocellular carcinoma. Our observations suggest that the portal venous flow is kept relatively constant by some homeostatic mechanism even in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma until the tumor invades into the portal trunk, and that it increases when hepatic arterial flow is occluded.

We show that the geometrical phase factor recently found in the quantum adiabatic theorem modifies the canonical structure of the phase space. This gives rise to the anomalous terms in the quantum mechanical commutation relations.

A comparative study of portal hemodynamics was made in 17 patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, 5 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis having no portal hypertension, and 21 healthy adults who served as the control for certain measurements. Venous pressures were measured by portal and hepatic vein catheterizations, blood flow by the pulsed Doppler flowmeter, organ volume by computed tomography, and intrahepatic shunt index by 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin instilled in the portal vein. The patients with idiopathic portal hypertension were divided into two groups: group A (n = 8) and group B (n = 9), consisting of those who respectively had portal venous flow per liver volume above and below the mean + 2 SD of healthy adults. In group A, portal vein pressure was moderately elevated, portal venous flow was significantly increased compared with the control, and portal vascular resistance was not much altered. In group B, portal vein pressure was markedly elevated above that of control, portal venous flow was comparable, and portal vascular resistance was significantly elevated. Splenic venous flow measured in the splenic vein between the left and short gastric veins was markedly increased in groups A and B, the increase being greater in the former. It was concluded that in some patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, increased portal venous flow, partly a result of increased splenic venous flow secondary to splenomegaly of an undetermined process, is the main contributor initially to the elevation of portal vein pressure; in others, possibly later, increased portal vascular resistance plays an important role.

En appliquant la methode d'integrale de parcours a 2 systemes en interaction, on montre que la phase specifique Γ apparaissant dans le processus adiabatique quantique recemment trouve par Berry et Simon s'obtient comme une action additive a la fonctionnelle d'action dynamique conventionnelle

1. 経静脈ブドウ糖負荷後,門脈血インシュリンはほぼ2分,15分から90分に頂値をもつ二相性の分泌を示した.末梢静脈血インシュリンもほぼ二相性の分泌を示した.2. 耐糖能の示標であるKG値は,門脈血IRI AUC060によって表わされたインシュリン分泌量より(門脈血IRI AUC060―末梢静脈血IRI AUC060)によって表わされたインシュリン消費量とより強い相関を示した.3. (門脈血IRI AUC060―末梢静脈血IRI AUC060)/(門脈血IRI AUC060)×100で表わされるインシュリン除去率は肝内短絡率と有意の相関を示したが,肝外短絡率とは相関しなかった.以上より肝内短絡発生に基づく,インシュリン代謝の減少は,慢性肝疾患,特に肝硬変患者にみられる耐糖能低下の成因の重要な1つの因子と考えられる.

ウイルス性肝疾患76例に,肝内圧の測定と肝の組織学的変化の検索を行なった.肝内圧と光学顕微鏡上の肝の線維化,炎症,壊死の程度ならびに電子顕微鏡上のDisse腔の膠原線維沈着の程度は,いずれも有意の一次相関(線維化:r=0.67,p

It is investigated how classical pictures of the whole phase space are connected with the original quantal system by using the two-level pairing model. Discontinuous shape changes of classical trajectories are shown to be related with the sudden changes of patterns in the transition strength between energy eigenstates. By introducing the collective and intrinsic coordinates representing pairing rotations and vibrations, respectively, these discontinuities can be interpreted as the breakdown of the excited pairing ·rotational band scheme.

門脈圧亢進症33例に,99mTc-macroaggregated albuminを経皮的に脾内に注入する経脾RI門脈造影法と腹部超音波検査を施行し,そのうち25例に対して経皮経肝的門脈造影法を行ない,8例に対して経動脈性門脈造影法を行ない門脈側副血行路の検出率を比較検討した.左胃静脈の検出は,経脾RI門脈造影法では直径6mm以上,腹部超音波検査では直径7mm以上で可能であった.経皮経肝的あるいは経動脈性門脈造影法による左胃静脈の検出率を100%とすると,経脾RI門脈造影法では75%であり,腹部超音波検査で32%であった(p

We show that the zero-point energy of bosons is cancelled out by the phase holonomy which is induced by the adiabatic deformation of a boson system coupled with a fermion. This mechanism results in a supersymmetric quantum mechanics as a special case and presents a possible dynamical origin of supersymmetry.

各種抗痙攣剤のハローセン肝障害に及ぼす影響について検討を行った.まずハローセン麻酔を施行した脳外科手術症例279例を術前フェノバルビタール(PB)投与群と非投与群に分け,術後肝障害発生頻度について比較した.その結果,PB投与群では100例中9例に,非投与群では179例中2例に認められ,PB投与群で肝障害発生率が有意に(p