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Cells of various organs and systems perform their functions and intercellular interactions not in an inert environment, but in the microenvironment of tissue fluids. Violations of the normal drainage of tissue fluids accompany lymphedema. An important mechanism of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis regulation in tissue fluids is the production and reception of vascular endothelial growth factors in combination with the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. The aim of the work was to perform: a comparative analysis of some polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor and their receptors and the genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases in two forms of lymphedema; an analysis of the relationship of these genes' polymorphisms with the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in serum and affected tissues. Polymorphism of VEGF (rs699947, rs3025039), KDR (rs10020464, rs11133360), NRP2 (rs849530, rs849563, rs16837641), matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 (rs2438650), MMP3 (rs3025058), MMP9 (rs3918242), Timp1 (rs6609533) and their combinations were analyzed by the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method and TaqMan RT-PCR. The serum and tissue fluid levels were determined using the ELISA test system. Changes in the frequency distribution of MMP2 genotypes in primary and MMP3 in secondary lymphedema are shown. Significant frequency differences in NRP2 genotypes were revealed by comparing primary and secondary lymphedema. Features of the distribution of complex genotypes in primary and secondary lymphedema were revealed. The correlation analysis revealed the interdependence of the concentrations of the MMP, TIMP and VEGF products and differences in the structure of the correlation matrices of patients with both forms of lymphedema. It was shown that, in primary lymphedema, genotypes associated with low MMP2 and TIMP2 in serum and tissue fluid are detected, while in secondary lymphedema, other associations of the production levels with combined genetic traits are observed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © AUTHORS.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of citrate-stabilized sols of cerium oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations via different microbiological methods and to compare the effect with the peroxidase activity of nanoceria for the subsequent development of a regeneration-stimulating medical and/or veterinary wound-healing product providing new types of antimicrobial action. The object of this study was cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous solutions of cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and citric acid (the size of the nanoparticles was 3-5 nm, and their aggregates were 60-130 nm). Nanoceria oxide sols with a wide range of concentrations (10 -1 -10 -6 M) as well as powder (the dry substance) were used. Both bacterial and fungal strains ( Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris , Candida albicans , Aspergillus brasielensis ) were used for the microbiological studies. The antimicrobial activity of nanoceria was investigated across a wide range of concentrations using three methods sequentially; the antimicrobial activity was studied by examining diffusion into agar, the serial dilution method was used to detect the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations, and, finally, gas chromatography with mass-selective detection was performed to study the inhibition of E. coli's growth. To study the redox activity of different concentrations of nanocerium, we studied the intensity of chemiluminescence in the oxidation reaction of luminol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. As a result of this study's use of the agar diffusion and serial dilution methods followed by sowing, no significant evidence of antimicrobial activity was found. At the same time, in the current study of antimicrobial activity against E. coli strains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, the ability of nanoceria to significantly inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms after 24 h and, in particular, after 48 h of incubation at a wide range of concentrations, 10 -2 -10 -5 M (48-95% reduction in the number of microbes with a significant dose-dependent effect) was determined as the optimum concentration. A reliable redox activity of nanoceria coated with citrate was established, increasing in proportion to the concentration, confirming the oxidative mechanism of the action of nanoceria. Thus, nanoceria have a dose-dependent bacteriostatic effect, which is most pronounced at concentrations of 10 -2 -10 -3 M. Unlike the effects of classical antiseptics, the effect was manifested from 2 days and increased during the observation. To study the antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials, it is advisable not to use classical qualitative and semi-quantitative methods; rather, the employment of more accurate quantitative methods is advised, in particular, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, during several days of incubation.

Determining outline, volume and effusion rate during an effusive volcanic eruption is crucial as it is a major controlling factor of the lava flow lengths, the prospective duration and hence the associated hazards. We present for the first time a multi-sensor thermal-and-topographic satellite data analysis for estimating lava effusion rates and volume. At the 2021 lava field of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, we combine VIIRS + MODIS thermal data-based effusion rate estimates with DSMs analysis derived from optical tri-stereo Pléiades and TanDEM-X bi-static SAR-data. This multi-sensor-approach allows to overcome limitations of single-methodology-studies and to achieve both, high-frequent observation of the relative short-term effusion rate trends and precise total volume estimates. We find a final subaerial-lava volume of [Formula: see text] with a MOR of 28.8 ± 1.4 m 3 /s. We identify an initially sharp eruption-rate-peak, followed by a gradually decreasing trend, interrupted by two short-lived-peaks in mid/end November. High eruption rate accompanied by weak seismicity was observed during the early stages of the eruption, while during later stage the lava effusion trend coincides with seismicity. This article demonstrates the geophysical monitoring of eruption rate fluctuations, that allows to speculate about changes of an underlying pathway during the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The basalts of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption were the first erupted on the Reykjanes Peninsula in 781 years and offer a unique opportunity to determine the composition of the mantle underlying Iceland, in particular its oxygen isotope composition (δ 18 O values). The basalts show compositional variations in Zr/Y, Nb/Zr and Nb/Y values that span roughly half of the previously described range for Icelandic basaltic magmas and signal involvement of Icelandic plume (OIB) and Enriched Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (EMORB) in magma genesis. Here we show that Fagradalsfjall δ 18 O values are invariable (mean δ 18 O = 5.4 ± 0.3‰ 2 SD, N = 47) and indistinguishable from "normal" upper mantle, in contrast to significantly lower δ 18 O values reported for erupted materials elsewhere in Iceland (e.g., the 2014-2015 eruption at Holuhraun, Central Iceland). Thus, despite differing trace element characteristics, the melts that supplied the Fagradalsfjall eruption show no evidence for 18 O-depleted mantle or interaction with low-δ 18 O crust and may therefore represent a useful mantle reference value in this part of the Icelandic plume system., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Volcanoes are traditionally considered isolated with an activity that is mostly independent of the surrounding, with few eruptions only (< 2%) associated with a tectonic earthquake trigger. Evidence is now increasing that volcanoes forming clusters of eruptive centers may simultaneously erupt, show unrest, or even shut-down activity. Using infrared satellite data, we detail 20 years of eruptive activity (2000-2020) at Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Tolbachik, the three active volcanoes of the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group (KVG), Kamchatka. We show that the neighboring volcanoes exhibit multiple and reciprocal interactions on different timescales that unravel the magmatic system's complexity below the KVG. Klyuchevskoy and Bezymianny volcanoes show correlated activity with time-predictable and quasiperiodic behaviors, respectively. This is consistent with magma accumulation and discharge dynamics at both volcanoes, typical of steady-state volcanism. However, Tolbachik volcano can interrupt this steady-state regime and modify the magma output rate of its neighbors for several years. We suggest that below the KVG the transfer of magma at crustal level is modulated by the presence of three distinct but hydraulically connected plumbing systems. Similar complex interactions may occur at other volcanic groups and must be considered to evaluate the hazard of grouped volcanoes.

Objective: To explore the correlations between plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and psychometric assessments in patients with psychosomatic illnesses and chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI)., Material and Methods: One hundred and ten patients (51% women, 49% men), aged from 46 to 76 years (mean 65.1 years) with CCI were examined. The study included cholesterol and triglyceride tests and a battery of tests for assessment of cognitive functions and neurotization level., Results: Cholesterol levels were higher in patients with post-infarct cardiosclerosis (PICS) compared to the comparison group but did not differ from those of patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Triglyceride levels were high in both psychosomatic groups, with higher levels in the patients with PICS compared to the patients with PUD. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not correlated with assessments of cognitive functions in patients of different age., Conclusion: Cognitive impairment and higher level of neurotization were characteristic of patients with psychosomatic illnesses. Regression analysis has demonstrated that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels may be a prognostic factor for cognitive impairment.

In this paper, we consider the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the cell of uniformity. At these scales, the Universe is filled with inhomogeneously distributed discrete structures (galaxies, groups and clusters of galaxies). Supposing that the Universe contains also the cosmological constant and a perfect fluid with a negative constant equation of state (EoS) parameter [Formula: see text] (e.g., quintessence, phantom or frustrated network of topological defects), we investigate scalar perturbations of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metrics due to inhomogeneities. Our analysis shows that, to be compatible with the theory of scalar perturbations, this perfect fluid, first, should be clustered and, second, should have the EoS parameter [Formula: see text]. In particular, this value corresponds to the frustrated network of cosmic strings. Therefore, the frustrated network of domain walls with [Formula: see text] is ruled out. A perfect fluid with [Formula: see text] neither accelerates nor decelerates the Universe. We also obtain the equation for the nonrelativistic gravitational potential created by a system of inhomogeneities. Due to the perfect fluid with [Formula: see text], the physically reasonable solutions take place for flat, open and closed Universes. This perfect fluid is concentrated around the inhomogeneities and results in screening of the gravitational potential.

The results of dynamic microbiological investigation, conducted in 37 patients, suffering diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) during 2008-2009 yrs period, were presented. There were 103 investigations made and 169 species of microorganisms revealed. The microflora structure of surgical infection in patients with DFS was presented by S. aureus (42.85%), P. aeruginosa (32.09%), E. coli (7.66%), S. pyogenes (7.16%), Enterobacteriaceae aerogenes (6.3%), E fecales (1.97%), E. cloacae (1.97%). S. aureus have shown resistance towards ceftriaxone (66.7%), lincomycine (75%), cyprofloxacine (58.3%); P. aeruginosa--towards cephoperazone (100%), amicacine (66.6%), vancomycine (89.9%), cyprofloxacine (87.8%), imipenem (87.8%). Enterobacteriaceae are resistant towards cefuroxym (60%) and amicacine (80%).

Cleavage positions of Bst API, a new restriction endonuclease (ENase) that recognizes palindromic interrupted DNA sequence, have been determined. Recognition sequences and cleavage sites comparison shows that Bst API shares similarity with a number of type II restriction enzymes.

BstF5I, a new restriction endonuclease (ENase) from Bacillus stearothermophilus F5, has been discovered. This enzyme recognizes 5'-GGATG-3' and cleaves DNA, generating a 2-base 3'extension: 5'-GGATG NN[symbol: see text]-3' 3'-CCTAC[symbol: see text]NN-5' BstF5I is an isoschizomer of FokI and seems to be evolutionarily close to other nonpalindromic-recognizing ENases from thermophilic bacilli.