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This work is a comparative analysis between the Colombian Earthquake Resistant Construction Standard NSR-10 and the ACI 318-19 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete of 2019, which is the basis of the upcoming title C of the NSR-21/22 standard. The current technical requirements in title C of NSR-10 were compared with the requirements of the ACI 318-19 regulation for reinforced concrete frames systems in areas of high seismic hazard. Initially, a comparative analysis was developed between the body of title C of the NSR-10 and the ACI 318-19 regulation, showing the differences in the disposition of each of the present chapters. From this analysis it is possible to obtain a comparative matrix and the corresponding procedures to each chapter, which facilitated the understanding of the differences in their arrangement. Subsequently, another comparative analysis is developed, where the requirements for elements belonging to structures with special energy dissipation capacity are compared one by one. From this comparison, a more detailed analysis of the most relevant differences is found between the specifications of both regulations, accompanied by a brief discussion of the changes found. Finally, the structural design of two frame buildings is developed, designed under the guidelines of both regulations in order to compare the amounts of reinforcement and volumes of concrete, through which an analysis of the economic impact generated by the application of the new specifications established in the ACI 318-19 code was developed, in which the structural designs of both alternatives yielded a percentage difference in costs of 2.2%. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo de la Norma Colombiana Sismorresistente NSR-10 y el reglamento ACI 318-19 (base del próximo título C de la norma NSR actualmente en desarrollo), en dicha comparación se detallaron las exigencias técnicas actuales presentes en ambos reglamentos para sistemas de pórticos de concreto reforzado en zonas de amenaza sísmica alta. Inicialmente se realizó un análisis comparativo entre el cuerpo del título C de la NSR-10 y el reglamento ACI 318-19 mostrando las diferencias en la disposición de cada uno de los capítulos presentes en cada normatividad, de este análisis se obtiene una matriz comparativa y los mapas de ruta correspondiente a cada capítulo, los cuales facilitaran la búsqueda y comprensión de las diferencias encontradas en la disposición de los capítulos. Posteriormente se realiza un segundo análisis comparativo confrontando uno a uno los requisitos para elementos pertenecientes a estructuras con capacidad especial de disipación de energía. De esta segunda comparación se detallan las diferencias más relevantes encontradas entre las especificaciones de ambas normativas, acompañada de una breve justificación de los cambios encontrados. Finalmente, se realiza el diseño estructural de dos edificaciones aporticadas de concreto reforzado, siguiendo los lineamientos de ambas normativas con el fin de realizar un comparativo final de las cuantías de refuerzo y volúmenes de concreto por medio del cual, se realizó un análisis del impacto económico que generará la aplicación de las nuevas especificaciones establecidas en el reglamento ACI 318-19, encontrándose una diferencia porcentual de aumento de costos del 2.2%.

En la presente investigación se analiza el comportamiento del precio de las acciones de empresas objeto de una oferta pública de adquisición (OPA) en los mercados colombiano, chileno y peruano. Para ello, se hizo un análisis cuantitativo con el fin de determinar el impacto del anuncio de las OPA sobre el precio de las acciones. Se recolectó información de las transacciones de los tres mercados en los últimos diez años y se construyó una base de datos con la información más relevante. Posteriormente, se construyeron las series de tiempo con los precios, seis meses antes y después de la fecha de anuncio. Finalmente, con base en la información recabada, se determinaron la prima de control y el porcentaje de reversión de precios. Los resultados indican que el precio promedio aumenta significativamente en anticipación y después del anuncio para posteriormente regresar a niveles cercanos a los precios pre-OPA., In the present investigation the behavior of stock prices involved in an Initial Public Offering in the Colombian, Chilean and Peruvian markets is analyzed. For this, a quantitative analysis to determine the impact of the IPO announcement was made. The information of the transactions of the three markets in the last ten years was collected and a database was built with the most relevant information. Subsequently, the time series with the prices of the stock 6 months before and after the IPO announcement was designed. Finally, based on the gathered information, the control premium and the reversion rate of said prices were determined. The results indicate that the average price increases significantly in anticipation and after the announcement to later return to levels close to the observed pre-IPO to the announcement.

The high connectivity and long lifecycle of automotive systems represent a challenge for developing safe and secure vehicles. The foreseeable breakthrough of quantum computers constitutes a risk for all secure systems. In order to prepare for such an event, automotive systems must efficiently integrate the next generation of quantum-computerresistant (post-quantum) cryptography (PQC). NIST is driving the ongoing PQC standardization process, where a set of algorithms will be selected until the end of 2021. Seven PQC algorithms finalists are now under deep worldwide scrutiny. Five of the finalists belong to the lattice PQC family (3 Key Encapsulation Mechanisms - KEMs and 2 signatures). Lattice-based PQC offers a very good trade-off between security and efficiency for embedded devices. However, it is not clear which is the impact of PQC on automotive systems. To this end, this work presents two contributions. First, the first exploration of the lattice-based finalists on the AURIX microcontroller of Infineon Technologies AG with the Real-Time Operating System PXROS-HR from HighTec EDV-Systeme GmbH. Second, the first exploration of the multicore capabilities for developing optimized PQC implementations. Results show that most of the lattice-based PQC can be efficiently be implemented on automotive devices and that optimized solutions can improve the performance up to 28%.

O presente artigo confirma a relação de simbiose entre as esferas da política, da cultura e da religião, já interdependentes e indissociáveis no período de transição entre o medievo e a modernidade. Mais especificamente, pretende-se apontar os ímpetos de vigilância e controle, característicos dos processos de confessionalização, ocorridos no início da Era Moderna, como consequência das dinâmicas de reformas religiosas. São analisadas as hierarquias, segregações e racismos, legitimados pela ortodoxia católica, que fortalecia seus vínculos com o poder civil. Há também uma atenção especial para a expansão dos mecanismos segregacionistas lusitanos em missão civilizacional. Palavras-chave: Ortodoxia católica; Confessionalização; Expansionismo ibérico.

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/RevMetCuant/article/view/2539, El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto que tiene el canal del crédito en la determinación del precio de la vivienda nueva en Medellín - Colombia. Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas, estimado por sistema de ecuaciones aparentemente no relacionadas y mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas, los principales resultados evidencian que la tasa de interés hipotecaria y el Fondo de Reserva para la Estabilización de la Cartera Hipotecaria (FRECH) son las variables que presentan mayor efecto sobre los precios de la demanda de vivienda nueva; mientras que la tasa de interés presenta una relación inversa con la demanda de vivienda, el FRECH tiene una relación positiva. Una caída del 1% de la tasa de interés hace que el precio del M2 aumente en $COP 46.865. Esto resalta la importancia que tiene el canal del crédito para incentivar el sector constructor de una economía. Además, por medio de un modelo de vectores autorregresivos estructurales, encontramos que el impacto de un choque de la Unidad de Valor Real (UVR) sobre el precio de la vivienda nueva en Medellín es que el precio del metro cuadrado es elástico ante variaciones en la UVR en el corto plazo (2 meses)., We analyze the credit channel effects on new residential property prices in Medellín, Colombia, using a simultaneous equations model. Our empirical results show that the main determinants of new residential properties prices are mortgage interest rates and the availability of government sponsored subsidies to homebuyers (GS). An increase of one percent in mortgage interest rates reduces the demand of new residential properties and increases their price by COP $46,865 per square meter. Greater availability of government of GS increases the demand for new residential properties. Using a structural VAR, we find that a positive shock to a proxy for the real interest rate (unit of real value, URV) of one standard deviation leads to a reduction of the price of new residential properties in Medellín., Universidad Pablo de Olavide

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/RevMetCuant/article/view/2539 El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el efecto que tiene el canal del crédito en la determinación del precio de la vivienda nueva en Medellín - Colombia. Utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas, estimado por sistema de ecuaciones aparentemente no relacionadas y mínimos cuadrados en tres etapas, los principales resultados evidencian que la tasa de interés hipotecaria y el Fondo de Reserva para la Estabilización de la Cartera Hipotecaria (FRECH) son las variables que presentan mayor efecto sobre los precios de la demanda de vivienda nueva; mientras que la tasa de interés presenta una relación inversa con la demanda de vivienda, el FRECH tiene una relación positiva. Una caída del 1% de la tasa de interés hace que el precio del M2 aumente en $COP 46.865. Esto resalta la importancia que tiene el canal del crédito para incentivar el sector constructor de una economía. Además, por medio de un modelo de vectores autorregresivos estructurales, encontramos que el impacto de un choque de la Unidad de Valor Real (UVR) sobre el precio de la vivienda nueva en Medellín es que el precio del metro cuadrado es elástico ante variaciones en la UVR en el corto plazo (2 meses). We analyze the credit channel effects on new residential property prices in Medellín, Colombia, using a simultaneous equations model. Our empirical results show that the main determinants of new residential properties prices are mortgage interest rates and the availability of government sponsored subsidies to homebuyers (GS). An increase of one percent in mortgage interest rates reduces the demand of new residential properties and increases their price by COP $46,865 per square meter. Greater availability of government of GS increases the demand for new residential properties. Using a structural VAR, we find that a positive shock to a proxy for the real interest rate (unit of real value, URV) of one standard deviation leads to a reduction of the price of new residential properties in Medellín. Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Table S1. Survival prognostic factors in Gallbladder cancer patients. Cox’s proportion. Table S2. CD3+, CD8+ and Foxp3+ T cell infiltration related to patient’s demographic characteristics. Figure S1. Overall survival of gallbladder cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for GBC patients stratified according to the disease stage. Figure S2. CD4+ T cell infiltration in gallbladder cancer tissues does not correlates with patient survival. (DOC 264 kb)

Partial migration is defined as a within-population variation in migratory behaviour, meaning that some individuals migrate while others remain year-round residents in a given habitat. Studying a partially migratory population is the ideal system to test hypotheses concerning the evolution of migration and to elucidate costs and benefits of the two strategies (migration versus residency). I studied a wild partially migratory population of European blackbirds (Turdus merula) using a combination of radio tracking and classic capture-mark-recapture methods.Most of the migratory songbird species are diurnal, but they migrate at night. How these birds shift their daily rhythms from diurnal to nocturnal during the migratory seasons remains unknown. To answer this question, in the second Chapter I studied how migrant blackbirds organize their daily rhythms prior to departure in the fall. Using an automated radio telemetry system, I monitored, quantified and compared the activity of migrants and residents every 30 minutes, seven days before the departure of the migrants. I found that activity patterns between migrants and residents did not differ during daytime or night-time. Furthermore, migrants did not change their daily rhythm in a progressive manner, as previously shown in the lab, but instead shifted abruptly on the night of departure. I found no signs of nocturnal activity exhibited prior to migration.Activity of an animal is the most basic descriptor of its behaviour. Animals vary their activity levels throughout the year in response to environmental fluctuations and the specific requirements of the different stages of the annual cycle. In the third Chapter, also using an automated radio telemetry system, I compared the seasonal activity patterns of migrants and residents when individuals of both groups were present at the breeding grounds (from spring until fall). The main objective was to understand whether the constraints and requirements of migration as a strategy would have an effect on the activity levels of migrants after their arrival to the breeding grounds in spring, during the breeding season and prior to migration in the fall. I expected that after arrival in the spring, migrants would exhibit different activity levels compared to residents; either to recover from migration (decreased activity levels) or to compete for breeding mates and territories (increased activity levels). Similarly, during the pre-migratory period I also expected differing activity levels between migrants and residents because migrants prepare themselves for migration. Contrary to my expectations, I found that migrants and residents do not differ in their activity levels when both groups were present at the breeding grounds. Additionally I described the annual activity pattern of resident birds. Even when the photoperiod is taken into account, activity follows a seasonal pattern: there is high activity during the breeding season, decreasing activity during the moulting period, and increasing activity towards winter.One hypothesis for the evolution and maintenance of partial migration is that migration offers individual fitness benefits. Migrants would travel during the fall to overwinter in habitats that offer better survival chances than the breeding grounds. To test whether migration offers survival benefits, I used a combination of capture-recapture and radio telemetry methods to generate a presence/absence matrix with data collected over seven years. Using multi-event survival models, I estimated seasonal and annual survival probabilities for individuals of both groups. I found that during the non-winter season (March – November) migrants and residents have a similar probability of survival. However, during the winter (November - March), migrants have higher survival probability than residents. These results support the notion that migration offers fitness benefits. published

Tesis (Ingeniero Industrial) En este proyecto se estudiara la pre-factibilidad técnica-económica de la creación de una empresa de fabricación de cuerdas entorchadas de guitarra apuntando específicamente (en este estudio) a las cuerdas entorchadas con alma de nylon. En este proyecto se evaluará si es factible crear la empresa y como impactará a la sociedad, a su vez se realizará un estudio de mercado para determinar la viabilidad de la empresa SII, (2013), Gob.cl, (2013), definir el ciclo de vida del producto, identificar nuestro público objetivo a quienes nos dirigimos de forma cualitativa y cuantitativamente, nos proporcionará datos relevantes con lo que se podrá ver el impacto de objetivos finales y con estos datos se dará paso a definir un plan de marketing que logrará alcanzar los objetivos propuestos en este memoria. A su vez se hará un estudio técnico el cual tiene como objetivo proveer información cuantitativa para la inversión y los costos de producción que significa producir una cuerda y los costos asociados a mano de obra, material, etc. Por último se terminará con el estudio económico financiero con el cual se dará información relevante para la implementación de la empresa y sus costos asociados a la producción de cuerdas entorchadas de guitarras. Al termino de este estudio se pretende saber si es factible la fabricación de la empresa, poder obtener un aproximado de cómo se realizará la fabricación de las cuerdas si se podrá minimizar los costos y maximizar los márgenes con el fin de que la empresa se establezca en el mercado y poder competir y satisfacer al cliente objetivo.

Tesis (Ingeniero en Administración de Empresas) El propósito de este Seminario de Título es conocer el valor económico de AGA S.A, para lo cual realizaremos un análisis financiero actualizado de la compañía y proyectaremos su flujo de caja de los próximos cinco años basados en información histórica y proyecciones del mercado en el cual se desenvuelve. Estos flujos serán actualizados a valor presente utilizando una tasa de descuento adecuada que represente correctamente el costo de capital promedio ponderado de la empresa.