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4. Gut microbiota–specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis

Author

Pröbstel, Anne-Katrin, Zhou, Xiaoyuan, Baumann, Ryan, Wischnewski, Sven, Kutza, Michael, Rojas, Olga L, Sellrie, Katrin, Bischof, Antje, Kim, Kicheol, Ramesh, Akshaya, Dandekar, Ravi, Greenfield, Ariele L, Schubert, Ryan D, Bisanz, Jordan E, Vistnes, Stephanie, Khaleghi, Khashayar, Landefeld, James, Kirkish, Gina, Liesche-Starnecker, Friederike, Ramaglia, Valeria, Singh, Sneha, Tran, Edwina B, Barba, Patrick, Zorn, Kelsey, Oechtering, Johanna, Forsberg, Karin, Shiow, Lawrence R, Henry, Roland G, Graves, Jennifer, Cree, Bruce AC, Hauser, Stephen L, Kuhle, Jens, Gelfand, Jeffrey M, Andersen, Peter M, Schlegel, Jürgen, Turnbaugh, Peter J, Seeberger, Peter H, Gommerman, Jennifer L, Wilson, Michael R, Schirmer, Lucas, and Baranzini, Sergio E

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Neurosciences, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurodegenerative, Microbiome, Brain Disorders, Autoimmune Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Neurological, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, B-Lymphocytes, Biomarkers, Biopsy, Brain, Case-Control Studies, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Immunity, Mucosal, Immunoglobulin A, Intestinal Mucosa, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota-specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.

Published
2020

8. Generation of glycan-specific nanobodies

Author

Khilji, Sana Khan, Goerdeler, Felix, Frensemeier, Kristin, Warschkau, David, Lühle, Jost, Fandi, Zeinab, Schirmeister, Falko, Chen, Zhuo Angel, Turak, Onur, Mallagaray, Alvaro, Boerno, Stefan, Timmermann, Bernd, Rappsilber, Juri, Seeberger, Peter H., and Moscovitz, Oren

Published
2022
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18. Microbe-focused glycan array screening platform

Author

Geissner, Andreas, Reinhardt, Anika, Rademacher, Christoph, Johannssen, Timo, Monteiro, João, Lepenies, Bernd, Thépaut, Michel, Fieschi, Franck, Mrázková, Jana, Wimmerova, Michaela, Schuhmacher, Frank, Götze, Sebastian, Grünstein, Dan, Guo, Xiaoqiang, Kandasamy, Jeyakumar, Leonori, Daniele, Martin, Christopher E., Parameswarappa, Sharavathi G., Pasari, Sandip, Schlegel, Mark K., Tanaka, Hidenori, Xiao, Guozhi, Yang, You, Pereira, Claney L., Anish, Chakkumkal, and Seeberger, Peter H.

Published
2019

19. Symbol Nomenclature for Graphical Representations of Glycans.

Author

Varki, Ajit, Cummings, Richard D, Aebi, Markus, Packer, Nicole H, Seeberger, Peter H, Esko, Jeffrey D, Stanley, Pamela, Hart, Gerald, Darvill, Alan, Kinoshita, Taroh, Prestegard, James J, Schnaar, Ronald L, Freeze, Hudson H, Marth, Jamey D, Bertozzi, Carolyn R, Etzler, Marilynn E, Frank, Martin, Vliegenthart, Johannes Fg, Lütteke, Thomas, Perez, Serge, Bolton, Evan, Rudd, Pauline, Paulson, James, Kanehisa, Minoru, Toukach, Philip, Aoki-Kinoshita, Kiyoko F, Dell, Anne, Narimatsu, Hisashi, York, William, Taniguchi, Naoyuki, and Kornfeld, Stuart

Subjects
Animals, Polysaccharides, Carbohydrate Conformation, Publishing, Terminology as Topic, Databases, Chemical, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Published
2015

24. Automated radial synthesis of organic molecules

Author

Chatterjee, Sourav, Guidi, Mara, Seeberger, Peter H., and Gilmore, Kerry

Subjects
Automation -- Usage, Organic compounds -- Synthesis, Mechanization -- Usage, Technology application, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Automated synthesis platforms accelerate and simplify the preparation of molecules by removing the physical barriers to organic synthesis. This provides unrestricted access to biopolymers and small molecules via reproducible and directly comparable chemical processes. Current automated multistep syntheses rely on either iterative.sup.1-4 or linear processes.sup.5-9, and require compromises in terms of versatility and the use of equipment. Here we report an approach towards the automated synthesis of small molecules, based on a series of continuous flow modules that are radially arranged around a central switching station. Using this approach, concise volumes can be exposed to any reaction conditions required for a desired transformation. Sequential, non-simultaneous reactions can be combined to perform multistep processes, enabling the use of variable flow rates, reuse of reactors under different conditions, and the storage of intermediates. This fully automated instrument is capable of both linear and convergent syntheses and does not require manual reconfiguration between different processes. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by performing optimizations and multistep syntheses of targets, varying concentrations via inline dilutions, exploring several strategies for the multistep synthesis of the anticonvulsant drug rufinamide.sup.10, synthesizing eighteen compounds of two derivative libraries that are prepared using different reaction pathways and chemistries, and using the same reagents to perform metallaphotoredox carbon-nitrogen cross-couplings.sup.11 in a photochemical module--all without instrument reconfiguration. An automated synthesis instrument comprising a series of continuous flow modules that are radially arranged around a central switching station can achieve both linear and convergent syntheses., Author(s): Sourav Chatterjee [sup.1] , Mara Guidi [sup.1] [sup.2] , Peter H. Seeberger [sup.1] [sup.2] , Kerry Gilmore [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and [...]

Published
2020
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27. Helicobacter pylori cholesteryl α-glucosides contribute to its pathogenicity and immune response by natural killer T cells.

Author

Ito, Yuki, Vela, Jose Luis, Matsumura, Fumiko, Hoshino, Hitomi, Tyznik, Aaron, Lee, Heeseob, Girardi, Enrico, Zajonc, Dirk M, Liddington, Robert, Kobayashi, Motohiro, Bao, Xingfeng, Bugaytsova, Jeanna, Borén, Thomas, Jin, Rongsheng, Zong, Yinong, Seeberger, Peter H, Nakayama, Jun, Kronenberg, Mitchell, and Fukuda, Minoru

Subjects
Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Humans, Mice, Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter Infections, Gastritis, Atrophic, Glucosides, Phagocytosis, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Child, Female, Male, Natural Killer T-Cells, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Approximately 10-15% of individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori will develop ulcer disease (gastric or duodenal ulcer), while most people infected with H. pylori will be asymptomatic. The majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic partly due to the inhibition of synthesis of cholesteryl α-glucosides in H. pylori cell wall by α1,4-GlcNAc-capped mucin O-glycans, which are expressed in the deeper portion of gastric mucosa. However, it has not been determined how cholesteryl α-glucosyltransferase (αCgT), which forms cholesteryl α-glucosides, functions in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. Here, we show that the activity of αCgT from H. pylori clinical isolates is highly correlated with the degree of gastric atrophy. We investigated the role of cholesteryl α-glucosides in various aspects of the immune response. Phagocytosis and activation of dendritic cells were observed at similar degrees in the presence of wild-type H. pylori or variants harboring mutant forms of αCgT showing a range of enzymatic activity. However, cholesteryl α-glucosides were recognized by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, eliciting an immune response in vitro and in vivo. Following inoculation of H. pylori harboring highly active αCgT into iNKT cell-deficient (Jα18(-/-)) or wild-type mice, bacterial recovery significantly increased in Jα18(-/-) compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, cytokine production characteristic of Th1 and Th2 cells dramatically decreased in Jα18(-/-) compared to wild-type mice. These findings demonstrate that cholesteryl α-glucosides play critical roles in H. pylori-mediated gastric inflammation and precancerous atrophic gastritis.

Published
2013

31. Relevance of Host Cell Surface Glycan Structure for Cell Specificity of Influenza A Viruses

Author

Kastner, Markus, primary, Karner, Andreas, additional, Zhu, Rong, additional, Huang, Qiang, additional, Geissner, Andreas, additional, Sadewasser, Anne, additional, Lesch, Markus, additional, Wörmann, Xenia, additional, Karlas, Alexander, additional, Seeberger, Peter H., additional, Wolff, Thorsten, additional, Hinterdorfer, Peter, additional, Herrmann, Andreas, additional, and Sieben, Christian, additional

Published
2023
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39. A Semi-synthetic Oligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 Infection

Author

Parameswarappa, Sharavathi Guddehalli, Reppe, Katrin, Geissner, Andreas, Ménová, Petra, Govindan, Subramanian, Calow, Adam D.J., Wahlbrink, Annette, Weishaupt, Markus W., Monnanda, Bopanna Ponnappa, Bell, Roland Lawrence, Pirofski, Liise-Anne, Suttorp, Norbert, Sander, Leif Erik, Witzenrath, Martin, Pereira, Claney Lebev, Anish, Chakkumkal, and Seeberger, Peter H.

Published
2016
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49. Discovery of Semi- and Fully-Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections Using a Medicinal Chemistry Approach

Author

Seeberger, Peter H.

Subjects
Meningitides, Glycan, Glycoconjugate, Immunology, Carbohydrates, Chemical biology, Review, Glycocalyx, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries, Structure-Activity Relationship, Immune system, Antigen, Polysaccharides, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Animals, Humans, Antigens, chemistry.chemical_classification, Vaccines, Synthetic, Vaccines, Conjugate, biology, Clostridioides difficile, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, FOS: Clinical medicine, Vaccination, Bacterial Infections, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, Klebsiella pneumoniae, biology.protein, Neisseria, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Glycoconjugates
Abstract

The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system results in destruction of the invaders. To elicit a protective immune response, polysaccharides either isolated from the bacterial cell surface or conjugated with a carrier protein, for T-cell help, are administered. Conjugate vaccines based on isolated carbohydrates currently protect millions of people against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitides infections. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly discovered by medicinal chemistry and synthetic in origin, rather than isolated from natural sources. Converting vaccines from biologicals to pharmaceuticals requires a fundamental understanding of how the human immune system recognizes carbohydrates and could now be realized. To illustrate the chemistry-based approach to vaccine discovery, I summarize efforts focusing on synthetic glycan-based medicinal chemistry to understand the mammalian antiglycan immune response and define glycan epitopes for novel synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other bacteria. The chemical tools described here help us gain fundamental insights into how the human system recognizes carbohydrates and drive the discovery of carbohydrate vaccines.

Published
2021

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