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1. The Neurobiology of Autism: Theoretical Applications

Author

Schroeder, Jessica H., Desrocher, Mary, and Bebko, James M.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurological disorders characterized by heterogeneity in skills and impairments. A variety of models have been developed to describe the disorders and a wide range of brain processes have been implicated. This review attempts to integrate some of the consistent neurological findings in the research with three of the dominant models of core deficits of ASDs: the weak central coherence model, the theory of mind model, and the mirror neuron system model. A review of the literature suggests that the cerebellum and the frontal lobes may be implicated in all three of the models, while the temporal lobe is associated with the theory of mind model and the mirror neuron model. In particular, the theory of mind model and the mirror neuron system model both implicate the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus. This review indicates that each model appears to be heavily substantiated by neurological research, suggesting that each may capture important aspects of ASDs. (Contains 2 tables.)

Published
2010
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2. The Face of Autism Research as Reflected in the IMFAR Looking Glass

Author

Bebko, James M., Schroeder, Jessica H., and Weiss, Jonathan A.

Abstract

Recent overviews of autism research have yielded a number of suggestions, including: additional research with very young, and with lower functioning samples, and renewed emphasis on appropriate comparison/control groups. We reviewed the abstracts from a major autism conference (IMFAR) from 2004 to 2006 to examine these trends. We found an increase in the proportion of studies with preschool or infant participants. However, there was a decrease in studies using lower functioning samples, and an increase in studies using Mixed samples. The use of control groups generally decreased, and the use of cognitively impaired comparison groups remains low. We also found the use of the more generic term, ASD, versus DSM categories as sample descriptors increasing at IMFAR. The potential impact of these trends on limiting the generalizability of results is discussed. (Contains 8 tables.)

Published
2008
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3. Building Capacity: Autism Ontario's Realize Community Potential Program.

Author

McFee, Kristen H., Schroeder, Jessica H., Bebko, James M., Thompson, Marilyn, Spoelstra, Margaret, Verbeek, Layne, Manuel, Karen, and Casola, Shona

Subjects
*AUTISM, *PARENTS of autistic children, *AUTISTIC children, *SOCIETIES, *LEARNING, *HUMAN services, *CHILD services
Abstract

The Realize Community Potential (RCP) Program was developed to directly support parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through: greater access to information, direct contact between parents and Autism Ontario chapters, improved access to experts in local communities, and increased community-based learning opportunities for children with ASD. Several tools were developed to track chapter activities and to evaluate the capacity of the program to meet stated objectives. There was a substantial increase in the number of chapter events offered since the inception of the RCP program. Event topics of most interest to families included: behaviour, followed by social skills development, and communication. The average number of calls to RCP chapters per month has greatly increased since the program started. The majority of families contacted the chapter via email, reflecting a change in the dynamics of how families are communicating with professionals. The most common reasons for contacting chapters were: knowledge of Autism Ontario activities and resources, school-related issues, and community services. This research is important in identifying the effective components of the RCP program to guide future program development and allocation of funding resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

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