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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of gradual or chronic decline in kidney function, which is quite severe and caused by various kidney diseases, including urinary obstruction. This disease is progressive and generally irreversible. CKD requires kidney replacement therapy, one of which is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). To determine the prevalence and risk factors for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in patients undergoing CAPD due to urinary obstruction. We performed a retrospective cohort with a cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from medical record data of ESRD patients with CAPD accompanied by urinary obstruction at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. The prevalence of CKD in patients with CAPD accompanied by urinary obstruction was 6,50% and dominated by males (57,8%) with an age range of 41-50 years (26%). The majority of comorbidities are severely high the Body Mass Index (BMI) (89,0%) and hypertension (80,8%). The location of obstruction is mostly unilateral (5,64%) with mild levels (4,06%). Urinary obstruction is a frequent clinical finding in CKD patients with CAPD. The most common risk factor in this study was hypertension. The prevalence and comorbidities among CAPD patients with Urinary obstruction (UO) are better understood because to this study. It is necessary to recognise its limitations, particularly the small sample size and single-centre design. Future studies should involve more centres and larger patient groups in order to provide a more thorough knowledge of the mechanisms behind the high survival rates among CAPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition marked by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and poses a significant health challenge. The leaves of Blumea balsamifera and Sargassum aquifolium have been reported to have anti-atherogenic effects. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of B. balsamifera extract (BBLE) and S. aquifolium extract (SAE) in preventing and treating liver fat accumulation in Wistar rats induced by a high-cholesterol diet through the expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRTl)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) pathway, and the leptin receptor. The experimental design of this study is laboratory-based, involving, 20 Wistar rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet over a period of 21 days. The rats were divided into four groups for the evaluation of BBLE and SAE effect: negative control (P0): induced with a high-cholesterol diet + distilled water, positive control (Pl): induced with a high-cholesterol diet + simvastatin, P2: induced with a highcholesterol diet + 4 mg/kg/bw BBLE, and P3: induced with a highcholesterol diet + 4 mg/kg/bw BBLE and 4 mg/kg/bw SAE. The treatment duration extended over three months. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on liver tissues to measure AMPK, SIRT1, PPARy, and leptin receptor expression. The results indicated that leptin expression was lower in the BBLE+SAE group compared to the simvastatin group, and differences were significant between the BBLE and BBLE+SAE groups. No significant differences were noted in AMPK, SIRT1, and PPARy expression between the simvastatin and BBLE+SAE groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, BBLE and SAE effectively reduce liver lipid accumulation and enhance fat metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of antibiotics in aquaculture has been associated with the development of multidrug resistance in the environment and in humans. This is also exacerbated by the application of high stocking densities in fish farming systems, including catfish (Clarias sp). This study aims to see the potential of Sargassum aquifolium extract, which is a brown macroalgae, as an antibacterial agent for fish disease, Aeromonas hydrophila. Previous studies have revealed the phytochemical profile of S. aquifolium extract, but its effectiveness as an antibacterial agent has not been studied. The ethanol extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% with two repetitions. The MIC test method was carried out to determine the lowest concentration of S. aquifolium ethanol extract that could inhibit the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria, while the MBC test was carried out to determine the bactericidal properties against A. hydrophila bacteria. SEM analysis was carried out to determine the morphological damage to A. hydrophila bacterial cells that had been treated with S. aquifolium ethanol extract. Based on the results, it was revealed that S. aquifolium extract could inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila highest with a very strong category at a concentration of 100%. The MIC value of S. auifolium extract was shown at a concentration of 100% but did not cause bacterial cell death based on the MBC value and SEM observations. These findings indicate that S. aquifolium extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of A. hydrophila. Increasing in vivo parameters such as the immune system, production performance, and survival in catfish is still needed to strengthen these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, we used the nanoparticle delivery system to reduce the side effect of conventional cancer treatment- radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We used rice husk silicon source mesoporous silica nanoparticle doped in Eu3+ and Gd3+ as the carrier in the delivery system and to enable fluorescence and MRI dual-imaging functions for follow-up therapy. In addition, we choose a popular seaweed extract—fucoidan was extracted from the same brown algae—Sargassum aquifolium collected from Taiwan-Pingtung-Kenting-Chuanfan Rock. In this research, we used acid hydrolysis to prepared two different molecular weight fucoidan, the small molecular fucoidan (Fus) as drug, and the molecular weight approximately 1 kDa fucoidan (Ful) as the nanoparticle gatekeeper, and as targeting molecule for overexpressed P-selectin on the surface of the metastatic tumors. The results of the cell cytotoxicity experiment showed that HCT116 cancer cells have a survival rate of approximately 58.12% when treated with 200 μg/mL fucoidan. Dual-imaging rice husk mesoporous silica nanoparticles (rMSN-EuGd) were modified with 1 kDa fucoidan (Ful) as the gatekeeper and target, and the small molecule fucoidan (Fus) was loaded into nanoparticles (Ful-Fus@rMSN-EuGd) at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The HCT116 cancer cells had a survival rate of approximately 55.56%. The cell cytotoxicity experiment results show that Ful-Fus@rMSN-EuGd can improve the anticancer effect of fucoidan, and the nanoparticle drug delivery system using fucoidan as a drug, target, and gatekeeper was successfully synthesized.

In this study, we used the nanoparticle delivery system to reduce the side effect of conventional cancer treatment- radiation therapy and chemotherapy. We used rice husk silicon source mesoporous silica nanoparticle doped in Eu3+ and Gd3+ as the carrier in the delivery system and to enable fluorescence and MRI dual-imaging functions for follow-up therapy. In addition, we choose a popular seaweed extract—fucoidan was extracted from the same brown algae—Sargassum aquifolium collected from Taiwan-Pingtung-Kenting-Chuanfan Rock. In this research, we used acid hydrolysis to prepared two different molecular weight fucoidan, the small molecular fucoidan (Fus) as drug, and the molecular weight approximately 1 kDa fucoidan (Ful) as the nanoparticle gatekeeper, and as targeting molecule for overexpressed P-selectin on the surface of the metastatic tumors. The results of the cell cytotoxicity experiment showed that HCT116 cancer cells have a survival rate of approximately 58.12% when treated with 200 μg/mL fucoidan. Dual-imaging rice husk mesoporous silica nanoparticles (rMSN-EuGd) were modified with 1 kDa fucoidan (Ful) as the gatekeeper and target, and the small molecule fucoidan (Fus) was loaded into nanoparticles (Ful-Fus@rMSN-EuGd) at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The HCT116 cancer cells had a survival rate of approximately 55.56%. The cell cytotoxicity experiment results show that Ful-Fus@rMSN-EuGd can improve the anticancer effect of fucoidan, and the nanoparticle drug delivery system using fucoidan as a drug, target, and gatekeeper was successfully synthesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive efforts have been undertaken in the fields of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Fucoidans exhibit a wide range of biological activities, which are dependent on the degree of sulfation, sulfation pattern, glycosidic branches, and molecular weight of fucoidan. The determination of oversulfation of fucoidan and its effect on anti-lung cancer activity and related signaling cascades is challenging. In this investigation, we used a previously developed fucoidan (SCA), which served as a native fucoidan, to generate two oversulfated fucoidan derivatives (SCA-S1 and SCA-S2). SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 showed differences in compositions and had the characteristic structural features of fucoidan by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The anticancer properties of SCA, SCA-S1, and SCA-S2 against human lung carcinoma A-549 cells were analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity, cell cycle, Bcl-2 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression of caspase-3, cytochrome c release, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, DNA fragmentation, and the underlying signaling cascades. Our findings indicate that the oversulfation of fucoidan promotes apoptosis of lung cancer cells and the mechanism may involve the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Further in vivo research is needed to establish the precise mechanism whereby oversulfated fucoidan mitigates the progression of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]