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3. Extinction after Retrieval: Effects on the Associative and Nonassociative Components of Remote Contextual Fear Memory

Author

Costanzi, Marco, Cannas, Sara, and Saraulli, Daniele

Abstract

Long-lasting memories of adverse experiences are essential for individuals' survival but are also involved, in the form of recurrent recollections of the traumatic experience, in the aetiology of anxiety diseases (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). Extinction-based erasure of fear memories has long been pursued as a behavioral way to treat anxiety disorders; yet, such a procedure turns out to be transient, context-dependent, and ineffective unless it is applied immediately after trauma. Recent evidence indicates that, in both rats and humans, extinction training can prevent the return of fear if administered within the reconsolidation window, when memories become temporarily labile and susceptible of being updated. Here, we show that the reconsolidation-extinction procedure fails to prevent the spontaneous recovery of a remote contextual fear memory in a mouse model of PTSD, as well as the long-lasting behavioral abnormalities induced by traumatic experience on anxiety and in both social and cognitive domains (i.e., social withdrawal and spatial learning deficits). Such a failure appears to be related to the ineffectiveness of the reconsolidation-extinction procedure in targeting the pathogenic process of fear sensitization, a nonassociative component of traumatic memory that causes animals to react aberrantly to harmless stimuli. This indicates fear sensitization as a major target for treatments aimed at mitigating anxiety and the behavioral outcomes of traumatic experiences.

Published
2011
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5. Uncovering the Motivational Core of Traits: The Case of Conscientiousness

Author

Costantini, G, Saraulli, D, Perugini, M, Costantini, Giulio, Saraulli, Daniele, Perugini, Marco, Costantini, G, Saraulli, D, Perugini, M, Costantini, Giulio, Saraulli, Daniele, and Perugini, Marco

Abstract

Knowledge of the motivational bases of conscientiousness would be crucial for disentangling competing explanations about the processes underlying this trait. Thereby, building on the results of a previous investigation identifying 21 goal classes connected to conscientiousness, we performed three studies aimed at clarifying the full spectrum of goals and motives underlying this trait. In Study 1 (N = 299), we conceptually replicated the original associations between goal classes and conscientiousness poles, and we identified nine goal classes that individuals ascribe to conscientious profiles more than to other profiles. In Study 2 (N = 329), we examined the associations between the subjective importance of conscientious and unconscientious goal classes and personality traits, as well as the role of goals for the desire to change one's conscientiousness. In Study 3 (N = 432), we developed a 72-item assessment of nine goal classes and explored their connections with the most important facets of conscientiousness, self-control, future orientation, and the consideration of future consequences, using network analysis. We discuss the relevance of our results for research on conscientiousness and its underlying processes. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology.

Published
2020

12. Tis21 is required for adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and for olfactory behavior regulating cyclins, BMP4, Hes1/5 and Ids

Author

Farioli-Vecchioli, Stefano, primary, Ceccarelli, Manuela, additional, Saraulli, Daniele, additional, Micheli, Laura, additional, Cannas, Sara, additional, D’Alessandro, Francesca, additional, Scardigli, Raffaella, additional, Leonardi, Luca, additional, Cinà, Irene, additional, Costanzi, Marco, additional, Mattera, Andrea, additional, Cestari, Vincenzo, additional, and Tirone, Felice, additional

Published
2014
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13. Btg1 is Required to Maintain the Pool of Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Dentate Gyrus and Subventricular Zone

Author

Farioli-Vecchioli, Stefano, primary, Micheli, Laura, additional, Saraulli, Daniele, additional, Ceccarelli, Manuela, additional, Cannas, Sara, additional, Scardigli, Raffaella, additional, Leonardi, Luca, additional, Cinà, Irene, additional, Costanzi, Marco, additional, Ciotti, Maria Teresa, additional, Moreira, Pedro, additional, Rouault, Jean-Pierre, additional, Cestari, Vincenzo, additional, and Tirone, Felice, additional

Published
2012
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14. Impaired Terminal Differentiation of Hippocampal Granule Neurons and Defective Contextual Memory in PC3/Tis21 Knockout Mice

Author

Farioli-Vecchioli, Stefano, primary, Saraulli, Daniele, additional, Costanzi, Marco, additional, Leonardi, Luca, additional, Cinà, Irene, additional, Micheli, Laura, additional, Nutini, Michele, additional, Longone, Patrizia, additional, Oh, S. Paul, additional, Cestari, Vincenzo, additional, and Tirone, Felice, additional

Published
2009
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16. Btg1 is Required to Maintain the Pool of Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Dentate Gyrus and Subventricular Zone

Author

Maria Teresa Ciotti, Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli, Felice Tirone, Pedro Moreira, Daniele Saraulli, Vincenzo Cestari, Luca Leonardi, Manuela Ceccarelli, Irene Cinà, Marco Costanzi, Jean Pierre Rouault, Raffaella Scardigli, Laura Micheli, Sara Cannas, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Grenoble] (EMBL), Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (Project FaReBio), Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro [9251], MIUR [PRIN 2009, 2009KP83CR], FILAS (Finanziaria Laziale di Sviluppo), Guardia di Finanza - Italian Ministry of Economy, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Farioli-Vecchioli, Stefano, Micheli, Laura, Saraulli, Daniele, Ceccarelli, Manuela, Tirone, Felice, and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
proliferation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Subventricular zone, BTG family, Biology, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, neurogenic niches, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Progenitor cell, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, neural stem cells, 0303 health sciences, General Neuroscience, Dentate gyrus, Neurogenesis, knock out mice, differentiation, Neural stem cell, Cell biology, Neuroepithelial cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuropoiesis, nervous system, learning and memory, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Adult stem cell
Abstract

International audience; Btg1 belongs to a family of cell cycle inhibitory genes. We observed that Btg1 is highly expressed in adult neurogenic niches, i.e., the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ). Thus, we generated Btg1 knockout mice to analyze the role of Btg1 in the process of generation of adult new neurons. Ablation of Btg1 causes a transient increase of the proliferating dentate gyrus stem and progenitor cells at post-natal day 7; however, at 2 months of age the number of these proliferating cells, as well as of mature neurons, greatly decreases compared to wild-type controls. Remarkably, adult dentate gyrus stem and progenitor cells of Btg1-null mice exit the cell cycle after completing the S phase, express p53 and p21 at high levels and undergo apoptosis within 5 days. In the SVZ of adult (two-month-old) Btg1-null mice we observed an equivalent decrease, associated to apoptosis, of stem cells, neuroblasts, and neurons; furthermore, neurospheres derived from SVZ stem cells showed an age-dependent decrease of the self-renewal and expansion capacity. We conclude that ablation of Btg1 reduces the pool of dividing adult stem and progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus and SVZ by decreasing their proliferative capacity and inducing apoptosis, probably reflecting impairment of the control of the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. As a result, the ability of Btg1-null mice to discriminate among overlapping contextual memories was affected. Btg1 appears, therefore, to be required for maintaining adult stem and progenitor cells quiescence and self-renewal.

Published
2012
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