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BACKGROUND: Interventional radiology (IR) and interventional endoscopy (IE) have broad potential for minimally invasive therapy in veterinary patients, but the scope of original peer-reviewed veterinary IR/IE research publications has not been described. OBJECTIVES: Catalogue published applications and indications for noncardiac therapeutic IR/IE in animals and describe type and quality of veterinary IR/IE research over 20 years. METHODS: Highly-cited veterinary journals were searched to identify articles published 2000 to 2019 involving therapeutic IR/IE applications for clinical veterinary patients. Articles were assigned a level of evidence (LOE) according to published standards. Authorship, animal data, study design, and interventions were described. Change in publication rate, study size, and LOE of IR/IE articles over time was analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-nine of 15 512 (1%) articles were eligible, including 2972 animals. All studies were low LOE and 43% were case reports with ≤5 animals. Number of IR/IE articles per year (P

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is particularly aggressive, with enhanced incidence of tumor relapse, resistance to chemotherapy, and metastases. As the mechanistic basis for this aggressive phenotype is unclear, treatment options are limited. Here, we showed an increased population of myeloid-derived immunosuppressor cells (MDSCs) in TNBC patients compared with non-TNBC patients. We found that high levels of the transcription factor [DELTA]Np63 correlate with an increased number of MDSCs in basal TNBC patients, and that [DELTA]Np63 promotes tumor growth, progression, and metastasis in human and mouse TNBC cells. Furthermore, we showed that MDSC recruitment to the primary tumor and metastatic sites occurs via direct [DELTA]Np63-dependent activation of the chemokines CXCL2 and CCL22. CXCR2/CCR4 inhibitors reduced MDSC recruitment, angiogenesis, and metastasis, highlighting a novel treatment option for this subset of TNBC patients. Finally, we found that MDSCs secrete prometastatic factors such as MMP9 and chitinase 3-like 1 to promote TNBC cancer stem cell function, thereby identifying a nonimmunologic role for MDSCs in promoting TNBC progression. These findings identify a unique crosstalk between [DELTA][Np63.sup.+] TNBC cells and MDSCs that promotes tumor progression and metastasis, which could be exploited in future combined immunotherapy/chemotherapy strategies for TNBC patients., Introduction Breast cancer is a devastating disease that, despite significantly advanced treatment options, claims around 50 million lives per year worldwide. Breast cancer is classified into subtypes based on the [...]

Close homolog of L1 (CHL1) is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It promotes neuritogenesis and survival of neurons in vitro. In vivo, CHL1 promotes nervous system development, regeneration after trauma, and synaptic function and plasticity. We identified programmed cell death 6 (PDCD6) as a novel binding partner of the CHL1 intracellular domain (CHL1‐ICD). Co‐immunoprecipitation, pull‐down assay with CHL1‐ICD, and proximity ligation in cerebellum and pons of 3‐day‐old and 6‐month‐old mice, as well as in cultured cerebellar granule neurons and cortical astrocytes indicate an association between PDCD6 and CHL1. The Ca2+‐chelator BAPTA‐AM inhibited the association between CHL1 and PDCD6. The treatment of cerebellar granule neurons with a cell‐penetrating peptide comprising the cell surface proximal 30 N‐terminal amino acids of CHL1‐ICD inhibited the association between CHL1 and PDCD6 and PDCD6‐ and CHL1‐triggered neuronal survival. These results suggest that PDCD6 contributes to CHL1 functions in the nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]