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The process of modernization and industrialization has indeed heightened environmental toxicity. Deterioration of plant growth and nutrient uptake has resulted in adverse effects on human health. Heavy metals are the most prominent pollutants. Elevated levels of heavy metals can surpass essential elements, leading to deficiencies in plant nutrition and hindering growth. The objective of the study was to extract bacteria that are resistant to zinc and cadmium from fields located in close proximity to the Malviya Nagar industrial zone in Jaipur. After collecting a soil sample, colonies were isolated on nutrient agar medium with varying amounts of heavy metals. Characterization of well-defined colonies was conducted using morphological and biochemical methods, and identification of resistant bacteria was performed using advanced bacterial isolation software (ABIS). A zohydromonas lata, Kosakonia arachidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the prominent bacterial species found to have a similarity value over 90%. Among all the bacteria that were identified, Kosakonia arachidis was selected for additional investigation due to the scarcity of studies conducted on this bacterium for the purpose of mitigating heavy metal contamination from soil. The study aimed to assess its capacity to enhance the development of mung beans in non-circulating hydroponic systems under zinc and cadmium stress conditions. The presented study demonstrates the remarkable capacity of Kosakonia arachidis to facilitate plant growth in environments characterized by zinc concentrations of 1000 ppm and cadmium concentrations of 300 ppm. This characteristic renders it a highly promising and pragmatic choice for biofertilizer utilization in plants experiencing stress caused by heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lot of study on the unpleasant elements of the dentistry profession. Research has investigated work-related strain among dental professionals, particularly orthodontists, and the findings indicate that multiple variables might contribute to stress. This article focuses on examining the factors that contribute to occupational stress among orthodontists working in various locations and assessing how these factors relate to both individual and occupational traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods: Craniofacial morphology of 38 OSA subjects (23 in the OSA group, 15 in the non-OSA group) was compared using lateral cephalograms. OSA patients were randomly selected from a polysomnography clinic, with an age range of 18-60 years (mean age of 41.8 years). Different parameters were evaluated in both groups and were compared. Results: The patients with OSA have high BMI, increased neck circumference, inferiorly positioned hyoid bone, increased size of the tongue, increased length or width of the soft palate, and narrow airway space. Conclusion: Craniofacial abnormalities play a significant role in the pathogenesis of OSA. Lateral cephalograms can be used as an effective tool to diagnose OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to compare the stability of stainless steel and titanium miniscrew implants of the same diameter and length during en masse retraction of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty miniscrew implants (1.3 mm diameter and 8 mm length) were placed in 10 patients (20 titanium and 20 stainless steel). Stability was checked at insertion (T0), at one month (T1), and at sixth months (T2) and the amount of retraction was recorded in millimeters. RESULTS: Titanium and stainless steel implants were equally stable at the time of insertion. At T1, three titanium miniscrew implants showed grade 2 mobility, whereas seven stainless steel miniscrew implants showed grade 2 mobility. For T2, none of the titanium miniscrew implants had grade 2 mobility while four stainless steel miniscrew implants resulted in grade 2 mobility. Both had an equal frequency of grade 3 and grade 4 mobility. However, the difference in the stability was not statistically significant. No statistical significance was found when the amount of retraction achieved by titanium and stainless steel miniscrew implants was compared between the maxillary and mandibular arches. CONCLUSION: Both titanium and stainless steel miniscrew implants provide good anchorage and remain stable during en masse retraction of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. Thus, both miniscrews are clinically effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural stem cells in Drosophila are currently one of the best model systems for understanding stem cell biology during normal development and during abnormal development of stem cell-derived brain tumors. In Drosophila brain development, the proliferative activity of neural stem cells called neuroblasts gives rise to both the optic lobe and the central brain ganglia, and asymmetric cell divisions are key features of this proliferation. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the asymmetric cell divisions by which these neuroblasts self-renew and generate lineages of differentiating progeny have been studied extensively and involve two major protein complexes, the apical complex which maintains polarity and controls spindle orientation and the basal complex which is comprised of cell fate determinants and their adaptors that are segregated into the differentiating daughter cells during mitosis. Recent molecular genetic work has established Drosophila neuroblasts as a model for neural stem cell-derived tumors in which perturbation of key molecular mechanisms that control neuroblast proliferation and the asymmetric segregation of cell fate determinants lead to brain tumor formation. Identification of novel candidate genes that control neuroblast self-renewal and differentiation as well as functional analysis of these genes in normal and tumorigenic conditions in a tissue-specific manner is now possible through genome-wide transgenic RNAi screens. These cellular and molecular findings in Drosophila are likely to provide valuable genetic links for analyzing mammalian neural stem cells and tumor biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare muscle activity after the treatment with rigid and flexible fixed functional appliance., Material and Method: The study was conducted on 14 skeletal Class II malocclusion patients in the age group of 13-17 years, divided into two groups comprising 7 patients in each group. Group I was treated with a rigid fixed functional appliance (MPA IV), and Group II was treated with a flexible fixed functional appliance (Churro Jumper). Masseter and anterior temporalis muscle activities were recorded using needle electromyography (EMG) at postural rest, saliva swallowing, and clenching during five intervals (T 0 to T 4 ) during fixed functional appliance treatment. Unpaired t -test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon sign rank test were applied for statistical analysis, and a P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: Group I (MPA IV) showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position ( P = 0.003, P = 0.001), swallowing ( P = 0.013, P = 0.005), and clenching ( P = 0.001, P = 0.002) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively. Group II (Churro jumper) also showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position ( P = 0.000, P = 0.000), swallowing ( P = 0.001, P = 0.000), and clenching ( P = 0.001, P = 0.000) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively., Conclusion: Both rigid (MPA IV) and flexible (Churro Jumper) fixed functional appliances caused a significant increase in EMG activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscle during postural rest position, swallowing, and clenching in 6 months of the observation period, but the flexible appliance (Churro Jumper) showed more significant increase., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Orthodontic Science.)

An organocatalytic enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of hexahydropyrrolo[2,3- b ]indole-containing tetrasubstituted α-amino allenoates, exhibiting both axial and central chirality, has been accomplished via cascade dearomatization-cyclization reaction. The γ-addition to β,γ-alkynyl-α-imino esters provides a library of densely substituted highly enantioenriched allenes in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities. In addition, the scope of this methodology has been extended to tryptophol as well. A scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of the products were performed to demonstrate the practical usefulness of this approach.