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ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Functional assessment of coronary stenosis severity with the piezo-electric sensor pressure wire has shown a discrepancy of up to 20% between hyperemic and nonhyperemic indexes. No data are available with fiber-optic pressure wires. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and factors related to the diagnostic discordance between these indexes with a fiber-optic pressure wire. Secondary aims were to assess diagnostic reproducibility in 2 consecutive measurements of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and diastolic pressure ratio (dPR) and evaluate the drift rate. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational multicenter study in patients undergoing functional assessment with a fiber-optic pressure wire. We took 2 consecutive measurements of the dPR (cutoff point 0.89) and FFR (cut-off point 0.80) in each lesion analyzed. The diagnostic correlation between 2 measurements with the same technique and between the 2 techniques (dPR and FFR) was assessed. Clinical and angiographic factors associated with discordance (FFR−/dPR+ and FFR+/dPR−) between the 2 techniques were analyzed. Results: We included 428 cases of stenosis (361 patients). Diagnostic reproducibility was 95.8% for the dPR, with a correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements (dPR1 and dPR2) of 0.974 (P 60%. The drift rate was 5.7%. Conclusions: Although FFR and dPR measurements with a fiber-optic pressure wire have excellent reproducibility and a low drift rate, the discordance rate remains similar to those in previous studies with a piezo-electric pressure wire. FFR−/dPR+ discordance is associated with intracoronary adenosine and hypertension. FFR+/dPR− discordance is related to age < 75 years old and stenosis > 60%.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La valoración funcional de las estenosis coronarias con guías de presión de sensor piezoeléctrico ha mostrado hasta un 20% de discordancia entre los índices hiperémico y no hiperémico. No hay datos disponibles con guía de presión de sensor óptico. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la incidencia y los factores relacionados con la discordancia diagnóstica entre estos índices con guía de presión de sensor óptico. Como objetivos secundarios se evaluó la reproducibilidad diagnóstica en dos determinaciones consecutivas de la reserva fraccional de flujo (RFF) y la diastolic pressure ratio (dPR). También se evaluó la tasa de drift. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico, en pacientes a quienes se realiza una valoración funcional con guía de presión de sensor óptico. Se hicieron dos mediciones consecutivas de dPR (umbral 0,89) y RFF (umbral 0,80) en cada lesión analizada. Se valoró la correlación diagnóstica entre dos mediciones con la misma técnica y entre ambas técnicas (dPR y RFF). Se analizaron factores clínicos y angiográficos asociados a la discordancia (RFF−/dPR+ y RFF+/dPR−) entre ambas técnicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 428 estenosis (361 pacientes). La reproducibilidad diagnóstica fue del 95,8% para dPR, con un coeficiente de correlación entre ambas mediciones (dPR1 y dPR2) de 0,974 (p < 0,0001). Para RFF la reproducibilidad diagnóstica fue del 94,9%, con un coeficiente de correlación (RFF1 y RFF2) de 0,942 (p < 0,0001). La discordancia diagnóstica fue del 18,2% (RFF+/dPR− 8,2% y RFF−/dPR+ 10%). Entre las variables analizadas, en el análisis multivariado, la hipertensión arterial y la administración intracoronaria de adenosina se asociaron de manera significativa con la discordancia RFF−/dPR+. Solo la edad < 75 años y la estenosis > 60% se asociaron de manera significativa con la discordancia RFF+/dPR−. La tasa de drift fue del 5,7%. Conclusiones: Aunque las mediciones de RFF y dPR con guía de presión de sensor óptico tienen una excelente reproducibilidad y una baja incidencia de drift, la tasa de discordancia permanece similar a la de estudios previos con guía de presión de sensor piezoeléctrico. La adenosina intracoronaria y la hipertensión arterial se asocian con la discordancia RFF−/dPR+. La edad < 75 años y la estenosis > 60% se asocian a discordancia RFF+/dPR−.

El presente artículo tiene como propósito comprender los sentidos que le otorgan los profesores al trabajo colaborativo al momento de realizar co-enseñanza, focalizados en contextos educativos inclusivos. Estos desafíos tienen relación con la incorporación de estrategias pedagógicas que propicien una educación inclusiva en espacios educativos regulares. El trabajo se desarrolló desde un paradigma interpretativo-comprensivo, con una metodología cualitativa, desde un enfoque fenomenológico, con estudios de casos múltiples. Según lo anterior, el abordaje de la información se efectuó a partir de la hermenéutica reflexiva que contempla el análisis estructural del discurso. El estudio consideró cuatro escuelas municipales de Educación Básica, situadas en la comuna de San Pedro de la Paz, en la región de Biobío (Chile); participaron diez duplas de aula regular, para un total de veinte participantes. Los resultados de la investigación muestran prácticas pedagógicas competitivas e individuales con relaciones profesionales tensas y jerárquicas. A esto se agregan formas de trabajo rutinario y normado con escaso margen a la reflexión y creación pedagógica.

Background: Activities in daily living (ADL) are the fundamental actions people must take to survive, care of themselves, and integrate into their daily environment. Objective: This study has two objectives: 1) to offer a new questionnaire to assess daily living activities frequency and report evidence of their psychometric properties, and 2) to describe how often older adults in a region of Chile perform different types of daily living activities and to identify their relationship with their sociodemographic characteristics. Method: 399 older adults from the Biobío Region, Chile, chosen by quota sampling, were surveyed. They answered the DAF and a sociodemographic questionnaire, after giving their informed consent. For the data analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed and its reliability was assessed using McDonald's Omega. The relationship with the sociodemographic variables was evaluated using non-parametric bivariate statistics. Results: The results of the CFA showed an acceptable fit of the data to the eight-factor model: χ2/df = 4.188, CFI >0.915, TLI >0.903, RMSEA

Las habilidades necesarias para seleccionar, evaluar y sintetizar información de múltiples fuentes en internet son esenciales para los estudiantes de educación superior. Este estudio se enfocó en investigar cómo los estudiantes de un programa de formación de profesores en Chile abordan problemas que requieren la búsqueda de información y si existen diferencias en su enfoque al realizar estas tareas. Se utilizó el Índice de Desempeño de Búsqueda para clasificar a los participantes en tres grupos según su eficacia y eficiencia en la obtención de resultados. A través de registros computacionales, se compararon los grupos en su proceso de búsqueda de respuestas. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante un software de monitoreo (SurveilStar) y analizados a través SSPS v. 21. Los resultados dan cuenta de las estrategias más y menos exitosas empleadas por los estudiantes en la búsqueda de información. Se observó que los buscadores más eficientes se enfocan en un conjunto reducido de palabras clave, lo que aumenta sus posibilidades de encontrar respuestas de manera más rápida y eficaz, reduciendo el tiempo de escritura. Este hallazgo concuerda con investigaciones previas que sugieren que la formulación de consultas más elaboradas conduce a búsquedas más exitosas. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones importantes para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de habilidades de búsqueda de información en estudiantes de educación superior en Chile.

Resumen: La elevada incidencia de obesidad en nuestro medio, el carácter progresivo y recidivante de esta enfermedad hace necesario conocer y utilizar todas las posibilidades de prevención y tratamiento.Cuando una persona sufre obesidad debemos ofertar un plan de tratamiento con objetivos concretos que incluirá alimentación saludable, actividad física y si fuera necesario tratamiento con fármacos o incluso quirúrgico.En la actualidad para el tratamiento farmacológico, en España, disponemos de 3 medicamentos: • Orlistat, con escasa eficacia y poco uso. • Liraglutida y semaglutida, ambos basados en las incretinas y capaces de mejorar la obesidad, la diabetes y otras afecciones relacionadas con la obesidad. La elevada potencia y seguridad de estos medicamentos ha revolucionado el tratamiento farmacológico de la obesidad.Próximamente se comercializarán nuevas moléculas que permitirán ampliar las posibilidades de tratamiento, también se revisarán en el presente artículo. Abstract: The high incidence of obesity in our environment, the progressive and recurrent nature of this disease makes it necessary to know and use all the possibilities of prevention and treatment.When a person suffers from obesity we must offer a treatment plan with specific objectives that will include healthy eating, physical activity and, if necessary, treatment with medication or even surgery.At present in Spain, there are 3 medications available: • Orlistat, with low efficacy and little use. • Liraglutide and semaglutide, both based on incretins and capable of improving obesity, diabetes and other obesity-related conditions. The high potency and safety of these drugs has revolutionized the pharmacological treatment of obesity.New molecules will soon be marketed that will expand the treatment possibilities, which will also be reviewed in this article.

This study addresses the problem of estimating the velocity and displacement of building structures. Initially, the dynamics of a building subject to seismic disturbance are represented using the Euler-Bernoulli beam model. Subsequently, the model is discretized into a finite number of floors through a modal coordinate transformation that produces a set of decoupled dynamics for each story of the building. The Algebraic Observer (AO) takes advantage of this property to ensure the Algebraic Observability Conditions (AOC). This approach allows the representation of velocity and displacement terms as functions of the available acceleration measurements. One notable advantage of the proposed observer is that, due to its design, it does not require tuning of gains to achieve the convergence property. This observer’s simplicity of implementation for practical purposes is another noteworthy characteristic. Note that, to minimize the effect of the measurement noise, iterated integrals of the measured acceleration are introduced to mitigate high-frequency noise. In contrast, second-order filters are employed for low-frequency noise. Finally, the experimental demonstration of the effectiveness and accuracy of this estimation method is conducted using a reduced-scale five-story building prototype.

This article examines how the press in Argentina, Peru, Spain, France, and Austria, using photographic images, reported on the coup d'état of September 11, 1973, in Chile. We conducted a qualitative study analyzing 358 photographs from 13 international newspapers published between September 12 and October 17, 1973. The results show diverse visual narratives that describe the breakdown of Chilean democracy through references to the Popular Unity government, the coup, and the beginning of the dictatorship.

Abstract Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance mechanism activated in ~10–15% of cancers, characterized by telomeric damage. Telomeric damage-induced long non-coding RNAs (dilncRNAs) are transcribed at dysfunctional telomeres and contribute to telomeric DNA damage response (DDR) activation and repair. Here we observed that telomeric dilncRNAs are preferentially elevated in ALT cells. Inhibition of C-rich (teloC) dilncRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides leads to DNA replication stress responses, increased genomic instability, and apoptosis induction selectively in ALT cells. Cell death is dependent on DNA replication and is increased by DNA replication stress. Mechanistically, teloC dilncRNA inhibition reduces RAD51 and 53BP1 recruitment to telomeres, boosts the engagement of BIR machinery, and increases C-circles and telomeric sister chromatid exchanges, without increasing telomeric non-S phase synthesis. These results indicate that teloC dilncRNA is necessary for a coordinated recruitment of DDR factors to ALT telomeres and it is essential for ALT cancer cells survival.

The dependence of ab initio many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation on the eigensystem used in calculating quasiparticle corrections limits this method's predictive power. Here, we investigate the accuracy of the recently developed Wannier-localized optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid (WOT-SRSH) functional as a generalized Kohn-Sham starting point for single-shot GW (G0W0) calculations for a range of semiconductors and insulators. Comparison to calculations based on well-established functionals, namely, PBE, PBE0, and HSE, as well as to self-consistent GW schemes and to experiment, shows that band gaps computed via G0W0@WOT-SRSH have a level of precision and accuracy that is comparable to that of more advanced methods such as quasiparticle self-consistent GW and eigenvalue self-consistent GW. We also find that G0W0@WOT-SRSH improves the description of states deeper in the valence band manifold. Finally, we show that G0W0@WOT-SRSH significantly reduces the sensitivity of computed band gaps to ambiguities in the underlying WOT-SRSH tuning procedure.

El estudio tuvo por objetivo describir y clasificar los trabajos de titulación desarrollados entre los años 2009 al 2019 de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una universidad pública no estatal del sur de Chile. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Se analizó un total de 212 tesis, para la clasificación se elaboró una propuesta que estableció 3 áreas temáticas, cuyos resultados exponen que la mayor cantidad de trabajos de titulación se encuentran en el área pedagógica, seguida por el área disciplinar y finalmente el área integral. Se concluye que estudios descriptivos en torno al análisis de tesis en un periodo de tiempo determinado permiten conocer y reorientar los procesos de formación inicial docente en Educación Física en torno a las demandas para una formación de calidad en relación con la malla curricular y normas institucionales establecidas.

Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticulate powders were synthesized using coprecipitation and sol-gel methods. The crystalline structure of the nanocompounds was determined through X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical composition of the synthesized nanopowders was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy measurements. The size, morphology, and aggregation of the nanoparticles were determined from electron microscopy images. The magnetic properties of the nanocompounds were studied through magnetization measurements as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. The synthesized powders consist of aggregates of nanoparticles with mean particle sizes of 24 nm and 43 nm, with those synthesized using the coprecipitation method being smaller. The compounds exhibited a single crystalline phase corresponding to the cubic spinel structure, with a unit cell parameter of approximately 8.35 Å and an inversion parameter with values of 0.94 and 0.95. The synthesized Ni-Co mixed ferrites presented an ordered magnetic behavior below 320 K, with the nanoparticles being in the blocked magnetic regime.

Abstract Background Achieving and maintaining a low-risk profile is associated with favorable outcome in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The effects of treatment on risk profile are variable among patients. Objective To Identify variables that might predict the response to treatment with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) in PAH. Methods We carried out a cohort analysis of the Spanish PAH registry in 830 patients diagnosed with PAH that started PDE5i treatment and had > 1 year follow-up. 644 patients started PDE-5i either in mono- or add-on therapy and 186 started combined treatment with PDE-5i and endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA). Responders were considered when at 1 year they: (1) were alive; (2) did not present clinical worsening; and (3) improved European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) risk score or remained in low-risk. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze variables associated with a favorable response. Results Two hundred and ten patients (33%) starting PDE-5i alone were classified as responders, irrespective of whether it was mono- or add-on therapy. In addition to known predictors of PAH outcome (low-risk at baseline, younger age), male sex and diagnosis of portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) or HIV-PAH were independent predictors of favorable response to PDE-5i. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) ≤ 40% of predicted was associated with an unfavorable response. When PDE-5i were used in upfront combination, 58% of patients were responders. In this group, diagnosis of idiopathic PAH (IPAH) was an independent predictor of favorable response, whereas connective tissue disease-PAH was associated with an unfavorable response. Conclusion Male sex and diagnosis of PoPH or HIV-PAH are predictors of favorable effect of PDE-5i on risk profile when used as mono- or add-on therapy. Patients with IPAH respond more favorably to PDE-5i when used in upfront combination. These results identify patient profiles that may respond favorably to PDE-5i in monotherapy and those who might benefit from alternative treatment strategies.

Salinity is a major constraint limiting the yield of tomatoes. However, grafting strategies may help to overcome the salt toxicity of this important horticultural species if appropriate rootstocks are identified. The present study aimed to test a new rootstock, JUPAFORT1, obtained by crossing the glycophyte Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Poncho Negro) with the halophyte wild-related species Solanum chilense to improve the salinity tolerance of the Chilean tomato landrace Old Limachino Tomato (OLT). Intact OLT plants were exposed to 0, 80, or 160 mM of NaCl for 21 days at the vegetative stage and compared with self-grafted (L/L) and Limachino plants grafted on JUPAFORT1 rootstock (L/R) under a completely randomized design. JUPAFORT1 increased OLT scion vigor in the absence of salt but did not significantly increase fresh weight under stress conditions. However, JUPAFORT1 confers to the scion an anisohydric behavior contrasting with the isohydric behavior of L and L/L plants as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance; L/R plants were able to maintain their metabolic status despite a slight decrease in the leaf’s relative water content. JUPAFORT1 rootstock also enabled the maintenance of photosynthetic pigment concentrations in the scion in contrast to L and L/L plants, which exhibited a decrease in photosynthetic pigments under stress conditions. L/R plants encountered oxidative stress at the highest stress intensity (160 mM of NaCl) only, while L and L/L plants suffered from oxidative damage at a lower dose (80 mM of NaCl). L/R plants behaved as includer plants and did not sequester Na+ in the root system, in contrast to L and L/L, which behaved as excluder plants retaining Na+ in the root system to avoid its translocation to the shoots. The expression of genes coding for ion transporters (HKT1.1, HKT1.2, LKT1, SKOR, SOS2, and SOS3) in the root system was not modified by salinity in L/R. In contrast, their expression varied in response to salinity in L and L/L. Overall, L/R plants exhibited higher physiological stability than L/L or L plants in response to an increasing NaCl dose and did not require additional energy investment to trigger an adaptative response to salinity. This suggests that the constitutive salinity tolerance of the halophyte S. chilense was maintained in the interspecific rootstock. JUPAFORT1 issued from S. lycopersicum x S. chilense may thus improve salt-stress resilience in OLT tomatoes. Additional studies are required to identify the molecular components involved in the root-to-shoot signaling pathway in this promising material.

Antimicrobial resistance has been stated to be a global health problem. In Chile, the use of antibiotics should be declared by medical prescription, but it is unknown what happens to the drugs once the treatment ends. Among the possibilities for their disposal are the trash or the drain; regardless of which scenario arises, antibiotics could accumulate in the environment, stimulating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and their transfer between microorganisms. Unfortunately, sometimes wastewater ends up in bodies of water, due to the dragging of elements by rain, or by the presence of illegal water discharges. In this work, shotgun metagenomics was used to elucidate the functional and microbial composition of biohazard elements in the bay of Puerto Varas City, Chile. As expected, a high diversity of microorganisms was found, including bacterial elements described as human or animal pathogens. Also, a diverse repertory of antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) was detected, which confers mainly resistance to macrolides, beta-lactams, and tetracyclines, consistent with the families of antibiotics most used in Chile. Similar ARGs were identified in DNA mobile elements. In addition, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility in 14 bacterial strains isolated from Llanquihue Lake. This is the first report of the presence of genomic elements that could constitute a health problem, considering the importance of the interconnection between environmental, animal, and human health, a concept known as One Health.

Epitranscriptomics is a field that delves into post-transcriptional changes. Among these modifications, the conversion of adenosine to inosine, traduced as guanosine (A>I(G)), is one of the known RNA-editing mechanisms, catalyzed by ADARs. This type of RNA editing is the most common type of editing in mammals and contributes to biological diversity. Disruption in the A>I(G) RNA-editing balance has been linked to diseases, including several types of cancer. Drug resistance in patients with cancer represents a significant public health concern, contributing to increased mortality rates resulting from therapy non-responsiveness and disease progression, representing the greatest challenge for researchers in this field. The A>I(G) RNA editing is involved in several mechanisms over the immunotherapy and genotoxic drug response and drug resistance. This review investigates the relationship between ADAR1 and specific A>I(G) RNA-edited sites, focusing particularly on breast cancer, and the impact of these sites on DNA damage repair and the immune response over anti-cancer therapy. We address the underlying mechanisms, bioinformatics, and in vitro strategies for the identification and validation of A>I(G) RNA-edited sites. We gathered databases related to A>I(G) RNA editing and cancer and discussed the potential clinical and research implications of understanding A>I(G) RNA-editing patterns. Understanding the intricate role of ADAR1-mediated A>I(G) RNA editing in breast cancer holds significant promise for the development of personalized treatment approaches tailored to individual patients’ A>I(G) RNA-editing profiles.

Disease severity and drought due to climate change present significant challenges to orchard productivity. This study examines the effects of spring inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) on sweet cherry plants, cvs. Bing and Santina with varying defense responses, assessing plant growth, physiological variables (water potential, gas exchange, and plant hydraulic conductance), and the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) under two summer irrigation levels. Pss inoculation elicited a more pronounced response in ‘Santina’ compared to ‘Bing’ at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), and those plants inoculated with Pss exhibited a slower leaf growth and reduced transpiration compared to control plants during 60 dpi. During differential irrigations, leaf area was reduced 14% and 44% in Pss inoculated plants of ‘Bing’ and ‘Santina’ respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions, without changes in plant water status or gas exchange. Conversely, water-deficit (WD) conditions led to gas exchange limitations and a 43% decrease in plant biomass compared to that under WW conditions, with no differences between inoculation treatments. ABA levels were lower under WW than under WD at 90 dpi, while SA levels were significantly higher in Pss-inoculated plants under WW conditions. These findings underscore the influence on plant growth during summer in sweet cherry cultivars that showed a differential response to Pss inoculations and how the relationship between ABA and SA changes in plant drought level responses.

The molecular connections between homeostatic systems that maintain both genome integrity and proteostasis are poorly understood. Here we identify the selective activation of the unfolded protein response transducer IRE1α under genotoxic stress to modulate repair programs and sustain cell survival. DNA damage engages IRE1α signaling in the absence of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signature, leading to the exclusive activation of regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) without activating its canonical output mediated by the transcription factor XBP1. IRE1α endoribonuclease activity controls the stability of mRNAs involved in the DNA damage response, impacting DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The activation of the c-Abl kinase by DNA damage triggers the oligomerization of IRE1α to catalyze RIDD. The protective role of IRE1α under genotoxic stress is conserved in fly and mouse. Altogether, our results uncover an important intersection between the molecular pathways that sustain genome stability and proteostasis.

El objetivo de investigación consideró examinar la percepción de los docentes chilenos acerca del emprendimiento, innovación y gamificación a través de un estudio no experimental de naturaleza transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo y un alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Se encuestó a 106 docentes de seis establecimientos educacionales a través de un cuestionario tipo Likert y se realizaron análisis comparativos de las diferencias de medias a través de ANOVA, pruebas t y para examinar las relaciones entre variables y datos sociodemográficos se utilizó Pearson. Los principales hallazgos respaldan la idea de que la promoción de la innovación, el emprendimiento y la gamificación en la educación no debe considerarse de manera aislada, sino como componentes complementarios que pueden fortalecerse mutuamente para enriquecer el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades esenciales en los estudiantes. Se concluye que existe un sólido compromiso con la innovación en la enseñanza, pero es necesario considerar mejoras en el ámbito del emprendimiento y la gamificación.