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Byline: Biswamohan. Mishra, Ankit. Sachan, Chandrasekhar. Bal, Achal. Srivastava, Amlesh. Seth, Anubhav. Narwal, Mehar. Sharma, Seema. Kaushal, Anoop. Saraya, Awadh. Pandit Sir, A 43-year-old male without any co-morbidity presented with [...]

Introduction: Abnormal levels of heavy metals (HM) and trace elements (TE) affect body metabolism and can induce carcinogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the role of HM and TE in carcinoma urinary bladder (CAUB). Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven CAUB (n = 100) were taken as the study group, while age-and sex-matched healthy volunteers were taken as control (n = 100). Blood and urine samples were compared for Arsenic (As), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Selenium (Se), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Mercury (Hg) levels. Serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were assessed to know the redox status between the two groups. Results: A significantly higher blood level of As, Mn, and Pb was observed in CAUB cases as compared to controls. Blood Se level was significantly lower in CAUB patients. On comparing urinary levels, CAUB patients had a higher As, Mn, and Pb levels compared to controls. Further, 68% and 59% of patients had their blood and urinary HM and TE levels above the permitted level, respectively. CAUB cases also had a lower GSH-Px (113.5 ± 44.7 vs. 163.9 ± 120.5, P = 0.0002), lower SOD levels (11.35 ± 5.6 vs. 13.75 ± 3.9, P = 0.008), and a higher LPO levels (15.5 ± 14.7 vs. 11.18 ± 11.2, P = 0.02) in the serum. Conclusions: A significantly higher concentration of As, Mn, and Pb was noted in the blood and urine of CAUB patients compared to controls. CAUB cases also had lower serum GSH-Px and SOD levels with a concomitant increased serum LPO assay suggesting underlying oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Hands-off control law is investigated to asymptotically stabilize a nonlinear system with input-quantization. The quantization parameters generated at the coder and decoder sides of the communication channel are mismatched and a time-varying ratio is modeled to show the non-synchronous adjustment of the quantization parameters. By the means of $[\mathcal {K,KL}]$ sector, the state-space is roughly divided into an attractive and non-attractive regions and a controller based on On-Off logic is utilized to remove the model uncertainties caused by the mismatch of the quantization parameters with limited control effort. Finally, the illustration of the proposed scheme is verified for an electronic circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses a quantized feedback hands‐off control for a class of nonlinear systems. Here, [K,KL] sector is constructed with the suitable choice of control‐Lyapunov function. With adjustment policy of quantization parameters, the quantized feedback hands‐off control can force the states of the nonlinear feedback system to the interior of a continuous‐time [K,KL] sector infinite time and the Lyapunov‐candidate function decreases automatically inside the designed sector. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]