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The unearthed book "Shanshu-shu (算数書)" is the oldest book of mathematics in China. In order to report this book's proper collation, translation, and annotation, the very first procedure was to decipher the letters from photographs with the following investigation of the results with the mathematical and historical viewpoints. This is the fifth released article based on our research and results in which we studied 10 sections named "Silian (糸練)", "Chongsu (春粟)", "Tongmao (銅耗)", "Futan (負炭)", "Lutang ()", "Yushi (羽矢)", "Fumi (負米)", "Fenqian (分銭)", "Michuqian (米出銭)", and "Fangtian (方田)".

In a digraph, a vertex of odd out(in)-degree is called an odd out(in)-vertex. This paper will give the ordinary generating functions for labelled digraphs and unlabelled withgiven numbers of odd out-vertices and odd in-vertices.

すでに,筆者らは化学物質を経口投与することによって,4眠性の交雑種から3眠蚕を出現させうることを,コウジ酸やその関連物質で見い出していたが,今回,アビエチン酸と37種の関連化合物および16種のヒドロフルオレン系化合物の3眠蚕出現活性を調べたところ,それらのあいだに,コウジ酸より強い活性を示す化合物を見い出すことができた。すなわち,供試化合物を200ppm添加した人工飼料を4齢起蚕より連続投与したところ,アビエチン酸誘導体で3種,ヒドロフルオレン系化合物で11種のものが3眠蚕を出現させた。そして,これらの化合物のあいだで,構造-活性相関について若干の知見が得られた。上記14種の化合物のうち,9種類については,100ppmでも3眠蚕出現活性が認められた。最も強い活性を示した〔A-11〕 (methyl 6, 7-dioxo-5α, 10α-podocarpa-8, 11, 13-trien-15-oate)は,50ppmでも3眠蚕を出現させた。また,この化合物の100ppm添加飼料を3齢起蚕より連続投与したところ,無添加区が5齢になった時点でも,多くの幼虫が3齢のままで生存することがわかった。

The structures of ezomycins A1. and A2, antifungal antibiotics produced by a strain of Streptomyces, were determined as 1 and 2, respectively, by degradative and spectrometric studies.

From 1.2 × 106 male adult heads of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, 0.16 mg of bombyxin-IV was isolated, which was a novel molecular species of bombyxin, previously called 4K-prothoracicotropic hormone. Injection of 0.1 ng of bombyxin-IV into a dauer pupa of the Eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini, evoked adult development. Microsequencing, chemical modification, enzymatic digestion, and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry showed that bombyxin-IV consisted of two heterogeneous peptides linked by disulfide bonds and had a considerable sequence homology (62.5%) with bombyxin-II.

Twelve new quarternary ammonium compounds were synthesized and their plant growth retarding activities were examined. Among the candidates, N,N,N-trimethyl-l-methyl-3-(3′,3′5′-trimethylcyclohexyl)- and N,N,N-trimethyl-l-methyl-3-(3′,3′,5′,5′-tetramethylcyclohexyl)-2-propenylammonium iodides were the most effective to suppress the growth of rice and cucumber seedlings, and their activities were far stronger than those of any growth retardants hitherto known.

117種の植物の地上部より得られたメタノール抽出物を人工飼料に混入し,4令起蚕に連続投与して6日間飼育し,カイコの成育におよぼす影響を調べ,その程度によって供試植物を5群に区分けした。6日間の飼育中にすべての幼虫が死亡したI群の植物は34種,成育の著しく劣ったII群は16種であった。ついで,III群は19種,IV群は22種で,ほとんど影響の見られなかったV群は26種であった。植物の分類学的位置とそれらがカイコの成育におよぼす影響との関係を,同一の科で三種以上を試験した植物について調べたところ,ミカン科,ツツジ科,スギ科,モクレン科,ウコギ科には強い悪影響が認められた。これに対して,ユリ科,セリ科,ショウガ科にはほとんど影響が見られなかった。キク科では悪影響の強いものと弱いものとに分かれた。成育に対してはなんらかの影響を示した植物中より25種を選び,それらのメタノール抽出物を分画して活性区を追求したところ,中性区のみに活性のみられたものは10種,水溶性区5種,塩基性区2種,不溶解性区1種で,残り7種は二つ以上の分画に活性が認められた。

From the phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum nicotianae, three phytotoxic substances have been isolated and named colletotrichin, colletotrichins B and C (1, 2 and 3). The structures of these compounds have been elucidated from the physical and chemical evidence. When applied on the tobacco leaves, colletotrichins induced the symptom similar to that of the tobacco anthracnose caused by C. nicotianae. The compounds were also toxic to the lettuce and rice seedlings.

A new insecticidal cyclodepsipeptide, bassianolide (1), was isolated from the mycelia of two entomophagous fungi and its structure was elucidated. Silkworm larvae exhibited an atonic symptom and were killed by administration of 1.

Three acidic growth inhibitors were isolated from leaves of peanut and were identified as ferulic acid, p-cumaric acid and salicylic acid, respectively.

葉を主体とした地上部のメタノール抽出物が,カイコの生育に悪影響を与えることを確認した4種類の植物に含まれる活性成分を単離し,それらの成分のカイコの生育におよぼす影響を調べた。1. キバナオランダセンニチに含まれる活性成分はspilantholであった。spilantholを人工飼料中に200ppm添加すると,すべての幼虫は6日後までに死亡した。2. ジギタリス中の活性成分はdigitoxinにdigitalinが加わったものであると推定された。digitoxinは25ppmで虫体を軟化させ,100ppmで6日後にすべての幼虫を死亡させた。digitalinでは100ppmで虫体の軟化が見られたが,400ppmでも死亡するものはなかった。3. コブシの活性成分としてsesaminとkobusinが単離された。kobusinは新しく見い出された化合物で,400ppm添加飼料を与えると,幼虫に強い生育阻害が見られ,すべてのものが5日後に死亡した。sesaminはkobusinの約1/2の活性を示した。4. キツネノマゴからは活性成分として,justicidin AとBが単離された。justicidin Aでは20ppm添加飼料を与えると6日後にすべての幼虫が,Bではほとんどの幼虫が死亡するという強い活性が認められた。

The solution conformations of protodestruxin, desmethyldestruxtn B and destruxin B, insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides, in DMSO-d6 have been studied through the use of 100–MHz proton NMR spectroscopy. Proton-deuteron exchange and temperature dependence of the peptide proton chemical shift were used to delineate peptide protons in terms of exposure to solvent. The results defined the β-alanine and isoleucine peptide protons of desmethyldestruxin B and destruxin B as solvent-shielded. A rigid conformation of desmethyldestruxin B and destruxin B, in which there are two hydrogen-bonded rings of ten atoms, is proposed. Protodestruxin seems to have a mobile conformation in DMSO–d6. The results indicate that the biological N-methylation of the alanine peptide proton in protodestruxin decreases the number of possible conformations which are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding and, as the result, fixes the molecule in a specific conformation.

Five alkaloids were isolated from ripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Hook, f.et Thoms. Four of these were found to be indoloquinazoline type alkaloids: rutecarpine (I), evodiamine (II) and two new alkaloids, dihydrorutecarpine (IV) and its 14-formyl derivative (III). The remaining one was a new quinolone alkaloid, 1-methyl-2-nonyl-4(1H)-quinolone (V). The synthesis of II, III and IV was also achieved.

One molecular species of prothoracicotropic hormone with a molecular weight of about 22, 000 (22K-PTTH) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was isolated from 5 × 105 adult heads. The purification procedure consisted of 16 steps including defatting, salt-extraction, fractional precipitations, conventional column chromatographies, and high performance liquid chromatographies. An approximately 5 × 106-fold purification was attained to yield 5.4 μg (0.25 nmol) of the pure hormone with a recovery of 3.3%. Injection of 0.11 ng of the purified 22K-PTTH could elicit adult development in a brainless Bombyx pupa. 22K-PTTH is a basic protein (pI 7.7 ~ 8.7) containing disulfide bond(s). The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of 22K-PTTH was determined to be Gly-Asn-Ile-Gln-Val-Glu-Asn-Gln-Ile-Pro-Asp-Pro-.

A peptidyl factor named α substance-IA, which induces sexual agglutinability in a type cells of the heterothallic Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was found to be composed of twelve amino acid residues. Further, the amino acid sequence was elucidated by the combined application of the Edman-dansyl procedure and the cleavage reaction with cyanogen bromide to be H- His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-GIy-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH.

On hydrolysis with Dowex 50W, ezomycin A1 (1) C26H40N8O16S gave ezomycin A2 (2) C19H28N6O13 and l-cystathionine (3) as main products. Further acid hydrolysis of 2 afforded an amino uronic acid named ezoaminuroic acid (5), 3-amino-3,4-dideoxy-d-xylohexopyranuroic acid, and cytosine. Ezoaminuroic acid, l-cystathionine and cytosine were found to constitute ezomycin A1.

The presence of an auxin synergist was confirmed in the neutral fraction of extracts from peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.). The main component resposible for the activity was established as stigmasteryl-β-D-glucoside. It promoted markedly the elongation of Avena coleoptile segments induced by indoleacetic acid (IAA), but was only weakly active in the absence of IAA.

Three quinolone alkaloids were isolated from fresh leaves and fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Hook. f. et Thoms. and were structurally elucidated as 1-methyl-2-pentadecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (I), 1-methyl-2-tridecyl-4(1H)-quinolone(dihydroevocarpine,II) and 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone (III) on the basis of spectral measurement and synthesis.

Structures of the antifungal antibiotics, ezomycins B1 (1), B2 (21), C1 (3), C2 (4), D1 (5) and D2 (6), were elucidated by degradative and spectrometric studies. Compound 3 was found to be the α-anomer of 1 and 4 was that of 2. Compounds 2, 4 and 6 were easily interconvertible under weak acidic conditions.

Rhodotorucine A, which induces mating tube formation in Rhodospridium toruloides, was found to be a novel peptide composed of eleven amino acid residues with a lipophilic group at the C-terminus. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was determined by Edman degradation and enzymatic hydrolyses. The C-terminus of rhodotorucine A was revealed to be S-farnesylcysteine by proton magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical synthesis. We proposed the following structure for rhodotorucine A. H-Tyr-Pro-Glu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Thr-Arg-Asn-Gly-Cys(S-farnesyl)-OH.

Effects of hydrofluorene and hydrophenanthrene compounds derived from dehydroabietic acid on the second leaf sheath growth of rice seedlings were examined in the presence and absence of gibberellin A3(GA3). In the absence of GA3, nineteen compounds at 100 ppm inhibited more than 20% the growth of normal rice seedlings. In the presence of GA3 (1.5 ppm) with dwarf rice seedlings, nine compounds at 500 ppm suppressed the elongation caused by the hormone, and a compound was slightly promotive. Then, three compounds were selected and subjected to the bioassay under various conditions.

From the antifungal ezomycin complex produced by a strain of Streptomyces were isolated six new components named ezomycins B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 and D2. They are novel pseudouridine-type C-C nucleoside antibiotics, of which B1 is the most active.

We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of 4K-PTTH-II, one of three forms of the M r 4400 prothoracicotropic hormone of the silkworm Bombyx mori , active to brainless pupae of Samia cynthia ricini . Like vertebrate insulin, it consists of two nonidentical peptide chains (A and B chains). The A chain consists of 20 amino acid residues. The B chain is a mixture of four microheterogeneous peptides, two of which consist of 28 residues, and the other two, of 26 residues. 4K-PTTH-II has considerable sequence homology (40%) with human insulin, and it resembles porcine relaxin both in the carboxyl-terminal cysteine residue of the A chain and in the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue of the B chain. The identical distribution of the six cysteine residues also indicates that 4K-PTTH-II belongs to the insulin family.