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1. Pratiques agroécologiques en plantations de palmier à huile : exemples de terrain

Author

Cécile Bessou, Patrick Giraudoux, Aude Verwilghen, Victor Baron, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Didier Snoeck, Marc-Philippe Carron, Edison P. Sihombing, Francis Raoul, Erwanda Surya, Mohd Nazli Naim, Anak Agung Ketuk Aryawan, Laurence Beaudoin-Ollivier, Raphaël Marichal, Jean Ollivier, Xavier Bonneau, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes ( Systèmes de pérennes ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), SMART Research Institute ( SMARTRI ), PT Smart Tbk., Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), P.T. Socfindo, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Bessou, Cécile

Subjects
Integrated pest management, Engineering, compost, huile de palme, agroécologie, Compostage, biological control, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, recycling, Elaeis guineensis, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Ecosystem services, F01 - Culture des plantes, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Agriculture durable, soil quality, Plantation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Utilisation des terres, palm oil, biology, Agroforestry, recyclage, Utilisation des déchets, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, agroecology, 020209 energy, lcsh:TP670-699, Déchet agricole, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Engrais vert, Fertilité du sol, Population growth, Matière organique, Agroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paysage, Land use, business.industry, Impact sur l'environnement, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, composting, Soil quality, Lutte biologique, services écosystémiques, Agriculture, Sous-produit, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, recyclage des matières organiques, contrôle biologique, qualité du sol, Food Science, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract

International audience; Palm oil is nowadays the first vegetable oil consumed worldwide. Given the world population growth and the increasing demand in fat for food and fuel, the increase in oil palm production is expected to continue. It is thus important to find ways of reducing the ecological impact of oil palm plantations at both the agroecosystem and the mill supply area levels, by improving agricultural practices and land uses. This is where agroecology can play a very critical role. The present article gathers short stories on agroecological practices currently taking place in oil palm plantations in South-East Asia. Such stories notably highlight the importance of the various palm co-products and how appropriate recycling strategies can allow for reducing external inputs to both the field and the mill. Besides limiting environmental impacts thanks to such savings, several co-products used as organic amendments can even help to maintain or enhance soil quality. Other stories explored agroecological practices developed for biological controls. Although integrated pest management has been applied in palm plantations for a long time, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully deciphered and practices still need to be improved. More knowledge is needed in order to better account for the holistic role of biodiversity and arbitrate trade-offs between practices and ecosystem services, at both plantation and landscape levels.; L'huile de palme est aujourd'hui la première huile végétale consommée au monde. Étant donné la croissance démographique mondiale et la demande accrue en corps gras pour l'alimentation et les biocarburants, l'augmentation de la production d'huile de palme devrait perdurer. Il est ainsi primordial de trouver des moyens de production permettant de réduire l'impact écologique des plantations de palmier à huile, à la fois à l'échelle de l'agroécosystème et celle du bassin d'approvisionnement de l'huilerie, en améliorant les pratiques et la gestion des usages des sols. Les principes de l'agroécologie peuvent aider à développer des solutions à ces diverses échelles. Cet article rassemble diverses histoires courtes illustrant des pratiques agroécologiques mises en place dans des plantations de palmier à huile en Asie du Sud-Est. Ces illustrations mettent en évidence l'importance des nombreux co-produits issus du palmier et leur rôle clé dans les stratégies de recyclage pour réduire le recours aux intrants externes pour la plantation comme pour l'huilerie. Au-delà de la réduction des impacts environnementaux du fait de ces économies d'intrants, certains co-produits restitués en plantation peuvent également permettre de maintenir, voire d'améliorer, la qualité des sols. D'autres histoires courtes parcourent quelques autres pratiques agroécologiques dans le domaine de la lutte intégrée. Bien que de nombreuses pratiques de contrôle biologique soient mises en œuvre dans des plantations de palmier à huile depuis de nombreuses années, les mécanismes sous-jacents ont été encore peu explorés et les pratiques peuvent être améliorées. De nouvelles connaissances sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser et prendre en compte de manière holistique les enjeux et le rôle de la biodiversité et pouvoir arbitrer les compromis entre pratiques et services écosystémiques, aux échelles de la plantation et du paysage.

Published
2017
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2. Relative age determination of Rattus tiomanicus using allometric measurements

Author

Francis Raoul, Aude Verwilghen, Marie-Agnès Rabillard, Martua H. Sinaga, Mohd Nazli Naim, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Yannick Chaval, Patrick Giraudoux, Dominique Rieffel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) & Museum Bogoriense, Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), State Ministry of Research and Technology of Indonesia 0131/SIP:FRP/SM/V/2011, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Smart Research Institute (SMARTRI), PT Smart Tbk., SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes ( Systèmes de pérennes ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Smart Research Institute ( SMARTRI ), SMART Research Institute ( SMARTRI ), CIRAD, UPR Systèmes de pérennes, ELSA, F-34398 Montpellier, France, Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, population-structure, eye-lens weight, oil-palm-plantation, 010501 environmental sciences, Elaeis guineensis, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Âge, F01 - Culture des plantes, Dynamique des populations, Plantation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, biology, prey selection, oil palm plantation, Ecology, MESH: allometry, barn owl pellet, eye lens weight, rodent, Tyto, L40 - Anatomie et morphologie des animaux, differential predation, MESH : allometry, Prédation, allometry, long term, sex class, barn owl, rodent prey, owl tyto-alba, L20 - Écologie animale, Autre (Sciences du Vivant), Population, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Femur, education, Durabilité, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Morphometrics, Rapace, Rattus, Modèle de simulation, Anatomie animale, biology.organism_classification, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Rattus tiomanicus, Rat, Mensuration corporelle, Écologie animale, Animal Science and Zoology, production, Allometry
Abstract

International audience; For sustainable oil palm production, barn owl (Tyto alba) predation should be enhanced and monitored to better understand its impact on rodent population dynamics, notably for selective predation based on age or size. Our aim was to assess the best combination of osteometric variables that predict eye lens weight and thus the relative age of an individual Rattus tiomanicus based on pellet remains. We captured 161 individuals in an oil palm plantation in Indonesia and measured 15 osteometric variables for the jaw, skull, and femur. We investigated the variables’ correlations with eye lens weight and estimated the measurement errors. In addition, 120 pellets were collected to assess the frequency of different types of bones. Predictive modelling was then used. We suggest that the model using the femur length would be more appropriate, even if it is slightly less precise than the models that consider the skull and jaw variables. The femur was well represented in the pellet sample, its length highly correlated with the eye lens weight, with a low measurement error. Our study demonstrates the utility of femur length for age prediction in prey from macroremains in oil palm plantations, wherein most pellets are headless and R. tiomanicus is the dominant prey.

Published
2015
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3. Towards a multidimensional assessment grid of smallholders' oil palm plantations : a preliminary proposal from SPOP Project

Author

Baudoin, Alice, Bosc, Pierre-Marie, Bessou, Cécile, Moulin, Margot, Wohlfahrt, Julie, Jannot, Claude, Lé, Karine, Rafflegeau, Sylvain, Marichal, Raphaël, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR SPOP, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), ANR, PT SMART, Cirad, WWF, Sustainable Palm Oil Production, SPOP, ANR-11-AGRO-0007,SPOP,Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production: Designing strategies from improved knowledge on oil palm cropping systems(2011), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), PT Smart Tbk., ANR-11-AGRO-0007,SPOP,Sustainable Palm Oil Production, ProdInra, Migration, Bessou, Cécile, and Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production: Designing strategies from improved knowledge on oil palm cropping systems - - SPOP2011 - ANR-11-AGRO-0007 - Agrobiosphere - VALID

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, trajectoire, stratégie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], durabilité, E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale, petit planteur, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, évaluation multi-critère, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, F01 - Culture des plantes, palmier à huile, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; This contribution is an intermediate product of the ANR 1 research project, SPOP (Sustainable Palm Oil Production). SPOP project aims at providing scientific knowledge on the diverse oil palm cropping systems in Indonesia and Cameroon, and on their social, economic and environmental impacts. This knowledge should help identify best practices, adaptation strategies, and improvement needs towards sustainability. At this stage of the research programme, we first aimed to present the applied methodology and analyse its relevancy in light of the first field data collection.

Published
2014

4. The presence and distribution of small carnivores in oil palm plantation and their role in controlling rat damage: preliminary results from a camera trapping study

Author

Naim , Mohd, Dwi Advento , A., Sudharto , P.S., Jennings , Andrew, Véron , G., Verwilghen , Aude, Caliman , Jean-Pierre, Smart Research Institute ( SMARTRI ), PT Smart Tbk., Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes ( Systèmes de pérennes ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Verwilghen, Aude, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, L20 - Écologie animale, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems
Abstract

The presence and distribution of small carnivores were investigated in two oil palm plantations using camera-traps. Eight camera-traps - four in Rama-Rama estate and four in Libo estate (Riau Province, Indonesia) - were set up in March 2012. Two cameras were located near a protected forest, three near a conservation area two in the centre of the oil palm plantation, and one near a settlement. The camera-traps were successful in photographing three small carnivore species (leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis; common palm civet, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus; Malay civet, Viverra tangalunga) and one reptile (monitor lizard, Varanus salvator), which are all predator of rats. Preliminary analyses suggest that the distribution of small carnivores and reptiles were affected by habitat features in the oil palm plantation, such as settlement and conservation areas. The camera traps set near the protected forest and conservation area photographed more frequently predators of rodents, suggesting that these areas may play an important role for small carnivores (such as providing daytime resting sites). In general, small carnivores were photographed as early as 18:00 - 19:00h (when they start to hunt and search for food) until 06:00 - 07:00h (when they return to their daytime rest site). Over the past 15 years, the barn owl (Tyto alba javanica) has been propagated in oil palm plantations in Riau Province in order to control rat populations. The presence of small carnivores and the monitor lizard is complementary to the barn owl for maintaining rat damage below economic threshold, as indicated by a rat damage census for the last five years in Libo and Rama-Rama estates. A preliminary finding of our study suggests that conservation areas in oil palm plantations may help promote the diversity of small carnivores and reptiles, which in turn will keep rat damage stable at a low level. This study has now been enlarged with 10 additional camera-traps, and a later full analysis of all the data may confirm the preliminary results presented here.

Published
2012

5. Investigating the role of small carnivores in controlling rodent populations in oil palm plantations in Indonesia

Author

Verwilghen , Aude, Raoul , Francis, Naim , Mohd, Caliman , Jean-Pierre, Giraudoux , Patrick, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Smart Research Institute (SMARTRI), PT Smart Tbk., Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes ( Systèmes de pérennes ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Smart Research Institute ( SMARTRI ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), and Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. )

Subjects
[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2012

6. When architectural plasticity fails to counter the light competition imposed by planting design: an in silico approach using a functional–structural model of oil palm

Author

Raphaël P A Perez, Rémi Vezy, Loïc Brancheriau, Frédéric Boudon, François Grand, Merlin Ramel, Doni Artanto Raharjo, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Jean Dauzat, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
plant architecture, LiDAR, F40 - Écologie végétale, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, phenotypic plasticity, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), planting design, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Elaeis guineensis, FSPM, Morphologie végétale, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Physiologie végétale, Modélisation, Anatomie végétale, Modeling and Simulation, Plasticité phénotypique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Functional–structural plant modelling approaches (FSPM) explore the relationships between the 3D structure and the physiological functioning of plants in relation to environmental conditions. In this study, we present a methodological approach that integrated architectural responses to planting design in an oil palm FSPM, and test the impact of planting design and architectural plasticity on physiological responses such as light interception and carbon assimilation. LiDAR-derived and direct measurements were performed on five planting designs to assess the phenotypic plasticity of architectural traits, and allowed evaluating the variations of the main parameters of an existing 3D plant model. Accordingly, we proposed a neighbourhood index (NI) as a simple explanatory variable of architectural plasticity, and used NI-based allometries to simulate architectural variations in 3D virtual plants. Light interception and carbon assimilation were then simulated on virtual plots reproducing the five studied designs. We found that the main traits affected by plant proximity were leaf dimensions, leaf weight and leaf erectness, whereas other structural traits like the frequency of leaflets along the rachis or biomechanical properties of leaves remained unchanged. Our simulation study highlighted model compliance to reproduce architectural plasticity and illustrated how architectural plasticity improved light interception via leaf area expansion, but how the competition for light imposed by the design can counterbalance this benefit in terms of carbon assimilation at stand scale. We conclude on the importance of planting patterns for plants with low architectural plasticity such as oil palm, and how in silico experiments can help in designing innovative planting patterns.

Published
2022
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7. Les émissions de N2O peuvent-elles compenser les avantages du stockage du carbone organique dans le sol ?

Author

David S. Powlson, Frédéric Rees, Victoria Naipal, Jérôme Balesdent, Rémi Cardinael, Julien Fouché, Emanuele Lugato, Elisa Bruni, Stefan Frank, Philippe Ciais, Dominique Arrouays, Catherine Hénault, Benoit Gabrielle, Hanqin Tian, Thomas Nesme, Sylvain Pellerin, Hugo Valin, Bertrand Guenet, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Michael Obersteiner, Claire Chenu, Feng Zhou, Yang Su, Jean-François Soussana, Dominique Desbois, Songchao Chen, Daniel P. Rasse, Martial Bernoux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), University of Zimbawe [Harare] (UZ), University of Zimbawe, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Rothamsted Research, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Auburn University (AU), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018. The workshop was financially supported by the French government under the ANR 'Investissements d'avenir' program with the reference CLAND ANR-16-CONV-0003. F.Z. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atténuation de l'effet de serre, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Travail du sol, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, greenhouse gases emissions, Agroforesterie, Carbone dans le sol, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, agroforestry, Interactions biologiques, Environmental protection, Biochar, organic amendment, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, greenhouse gas emissions, land based mitigation, erosion, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Tillage, Gaz a effet de serre, séquestration du carbone, Cycle de l'azote, réduction des émissions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tillage, Culture de couverture, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Labour, Land management, Climate change, érosion, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 12. Responsible consumption, Matière organique du sol, Fertilité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, biochar, Occupation des sols, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, cover crops agroforestry, Oxyde nitreux, Global warming, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, soil organic carbon, land-based mitigation, Amendement organique, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Environmental science, cover crops, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cycle du carbone
Abstract

This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018; International audience; To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5°C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies are also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N$_2$O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N$_2$O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here, we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N$_2$O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta‐analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N$_2$O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g, biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N$_2$O emissions.; Pour respecter l'accord de Paris visant à limiter le réchauffement climatique à moins de 2°C d'ici 2100, et éventuellement à moins de 1,5°C, des réductions drastiques des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont obligatoires mais pas suffisantes. Le déploiement à grande échelle d'autres stratégies d'atténuation du climat est également nécessaire. Parmi celles-ci, l'augmentation des stocks de carbone organique du sol (SOC) est un levier important car le carbone dans les sols peut être stocké pendant de longues périodes et les options de gestion des terres pour y parvenir existent déjà et ont été largement testées. Toutefois, les sols agricoles sont également une source importante d'oxyde nitreux (N$_2$O), un puissant gaz à effet de serre, et l'augmentation du SOC peut influer sur les émissions de N$_$O, provoquant probablement une augmentation dans de nombreux cas, tendant ainsi à compenser le bénéfice du changement climatique résultant du stockage accru du SOC. Nous passons ici en revue les principales options de gestion agricole pour l'augmentation des stocks de SOC. Nous évaluons la quantité de SOC qui peut être stockée ainsi que les changements qui en résultent dans les émissions de N$_2$O afin de mieux estimer les avantages climatiques de ces options de gestion. Sur la base des données quantitatives obtenues à partir de méta-analyses publiées et de notre niveau de compréhension actuel, nous concluons que l'atténuation du climat induite par un stockage accru du SOC est généralement surestimée si l'on ne tient pas compte des émissions de N$_2$O associées, mais, à l'exception du travail réduit du sol, n'est jamais totalement compensée. Certaines options (par exemple, le biochar ou l'application d'un amendement C non pyrogène) peuvent même réduire les émissions de N$_2$O.

Published
2021
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8. Application of oil palm empty fruit bunch effects on soil biota and functions: A case study in sumatra, indonesia

Author

Katherine J. Willis, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Hsiao-Hang Tao, Ludovic Henneron, Eleanor M. Slade, Jake L. Snaddon, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre for Biological Sciences (University of Southampton), University of Southampton, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), SMARTRI, Royal Botanic Gardens, Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Zoology of University of Oxford, SMART Research Institute (SMARTRI), Taiwanese Ministry of Education Scholarship, EPSRC [EP/M013200/1], NERC El Nino grant [NE/P00458X/1], and NERC HMTF grant [NE/K016261/1]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Crop residue, Soil biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], engineering.material, Elaeis guineensis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil functions, Soil biota, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Ecology, biology, Soil microbial activity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sustainable oil palm, Soil mite, Soil ecosystem functioning, Agronomy, Soil fauna feeding activity, Structural equation modelling, Earthworm, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Fertilizer, Agronomy and Crop Science, Crop residue management
Abstract

Corrigendum: The authors regret that the first sentence in Section 3.2 “A total of 168 earthworms were collected, with a mean density of 1344 ind m(−2)”, should be corrected to “A total of 168 earthworms were collected, with a mean density of 13.44 ind m(−2)”. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2018.02.023; International audience; Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important tropical crop which provides one-fifth of the world's vegetable oil, yet its rapid expansion can negatively influence the soil ecosystem. Identifying suitable agronomic management such as crop residue application is important for the sustainable development of oil palm. We examined the effects of adding empty fruit bunches (EFB), a major oil palm residue, on multiple soil abiotic properties, soil biota, and indicators of soil functions. We compared treatments of EFB applications with three application rates, and a chemical fertilizer treatment in a 15 year trial in Central Sumatra, Indonesia. EFB application increased pH and aggregate stability in 0-10 cm soils and decreased the soil bulk density. EFB application increased the abundance of soil detritivore mites, soil fauna feeding activity, and soil microbial activity. EFB application decreased the biomass of a dominant invasive earthworm species, Pontoscolex corethrurus (Muller, 1857). Results from structural equation modelling suggested that EFB directly affected soil biota and functions, rather than through altering soil abiotic properties. The effects of EFB application on most soil abiotic properties, soil biota and function indicators were independent of the application rate. Our results revealed that EFB application has a high potential to enhance soil biota and functions in oil palm plantations.

Published
2018
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9. Long-term crop residue application maintains oil palm yield and temporal stability of production

Author

Hsiao-Hang Tao, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Jake L. Snaddon, Suhardi, Kathrine Willis, Rudi Harto Widodo, Eleanor M. Slade, Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre for Biological Sciences (University of Southampton), University of Southampton, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Royal Botanical Gardens, Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
Crop residue, Environmental Engineering, Yield stability, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], engineering.material, Empty fruit bunch, Elaeis guineensis, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Perennial crop, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Soil health, biology, business.industry, Soil organic carbon, Crop yield, fungi, food and beverages, Relative humidity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sustainable oil palm, Agronomy, Agriculture, Indonesia, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Fertilizer, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Research Article, Chemical fertilizer
Abstract

Crop residue management is an important agricultural practice that has a high potential to improve soil health and optimize crop production. Compared to annual crops, relatively little is known about crop residue management effects on the yield and temporal stability of perennial crop production. Oil palm is an economically important tropical crop, which development has been reported to contribute to severe soil degradation. The use of crop residue application has been shown to enhance soil quality and soil ecosystem functions of oil palm cultivation. However, this management technique is not widely implemented mainly due to the uncertainty of the yield responses, compared to the conventional practice of using solely chemical fertilizers as nutrient inputs. This study aims to understand the effects of crop residue application on oil palm yield and temporal stability of production. We examined a major oil palm residue, the empty fruit bunch (EFB), which has been shown to mitigate soil degradation by increasing soil fertility and soil biological activities; however, its effects on crop yield remain unclear. We compared 15 years of crop yield performance from a field trial of continuous EFB application of three application rates, and a reference treatment of conventional chemical fertilizers with no addition of EFB, from an oil palm plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia. Results show that EFB application either maintained or increased crop yield, compared to the reference treatment. Specifically, the medium application rate of EFB treatment (60 t ha-1 yr-1) resulted in higher cumulative and annual crop yield than the reference treatment, and the increase was positively associated with soil organic carbon. Yield stability over 15 years was similar under EFB of three application rates and the reference treatment, while increases in relative humidity positively influenced crop yield with a lag effect of two years. These findings will inform the design of optimal EFB application schemes that enhance sustainable intensification of oil palm cultivation.

Published
2017
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10. Sustainable Palm Oil Production project synthesis: Understanding and anticipating global challenges

Author

Julie Wohlfahrt, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Cécile Bessou, Raphaël Marichal, Alain Rival, Marcel Djama, Laurène Feintrenie, Pablo Pacheco, Emmanuelle Cheyns, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Patrice Levang, Jean-Marc Roda, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UMR-Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), SMART Research Institute, BioWooEB (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 114 BioWooEB), Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Putra University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Direction Générale Déléguée à la Recherche et à la Stratégie (Cirad-Dgdrs), Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (GRED), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Engineering, certification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], indonesia, Certification, production, capacity building, small scale farming, cameroon, palmier à huile, oil palm, sustainability, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, 03 medical and health sciences, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, F01 - Culture des plantes, Agency (sociology), Environmental planning, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Corporate governance, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, K10 - Production forestière, Work (electrical), Scale (social sciences), Sustainability, business, Futures contract, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Key messages: - Several sustainability certification schemes have been developed for palm oil; however, the field impacts of these schemes remain highly uncertain. The Sustainable Palm Oil Production (SPOP) project, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR), was aimed at consolidating and deepening the scientific basis of these schemes. - SPOP field work undertaken in Indonesia and Cameroon highlighted the large variability in practices and impacts of oil palm systems. Our main results related to the uncovering of the multiplicity of growers and their trajectories, and identifying room for improvement and the need for recommendations adapted to the various grower contexts and strategies. - The SPOP project made it explicit that visions of sustainability and global challenges vary greatly among growers and other stakeholders involved in the palm oil sector. These diverging conceptions are most likely to induce bottlenecks in the definition and implementation of good practices and should be accounted for in the refinement of sustainability criteria. - Within the SPOP project, we investigated possible futures for oil palm using participatory prospective analyses and multi-agent-based modeling work. Our research work showed that capacity development and the organizational capacity of smallholders, fair partnerships and combined forms of governance are key drivers in ensuring the uptake of good practices and sustainable development at the landscape scale. (Resume d'auteur)

Published
2017
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11. Agroecological practices in oil palm plantations: examples from the field

Author

Bessou, Cécile, Verwilghen, Aude, Beaudouin-Ollivier, Laurence, Marichal, Raphael, Ollivier, Jean, Baron, Victor, Bonneau, Xavier, Carron, Marc-Philippe, Snoek, Didier, Naim, Mohd, Ketuk Aryawan, Anak Agung, Raoul, Francis, Giraudoux, Patrick, Surya, Erwanda, Sihombing, Edison, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and P.T. Socfindo

Subjects
agroecology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, palm oil, compost, huile de palme, agroécologie, biological control, recyclage, recycling, composting, soil quality, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, contrôle biologique, qualité du sol
Abstract

International audience; Palm oil is nowadays the first vegetable oil consumed worldwide. Given the world population growth and the increasing demand in fat for food and fuel, the increase in oil palm production is expected to continue. It is thus important to find ways of reducing the ecological impact of oil palm plantations at both the agroecosystem and the mill supply area levels, by improving agricultural practices and land uses. This is where agroecology can play a very critical role. The present article gathers short stories on agroecological practices currently taking place in oil palm plantations in South-East Asia. Such stories notably highlight the importance of the various palm co-products and how appropriate recycling strategies can allow for reducing external inputs to both the field and the mill. Besides limiting environmental impacts thanks to such savings, several co-products used as organic amendments can even help to maintain or enhance soil quality. Other stories explored agroecological practices developed for biological controls. Although integrated pest management has been applied in palm plantations for a long time, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully deciphered and practices still need to be improved. More knowledge is needed in order to better account for the holistic role of biodiversity and arbitrate trade-offs between practices and ecosystem services, at both plantation and landscape levels.; L'huile de palme est aujourd'hui la première huile végétale consommée au monde. Étant donné la croissance démographique mondiale et la demande accrue en corps gras pour l'alimentation et les biocarburants, l'augmentation de la production d'huile de palme devrait perdurer. Il est ainsi primordial de trouver des moyens de production permettant de réduire l'impact écologique des plantations de palmier à huile, à la fois à l'échelle de l'agroécosystème et celle du bassin d'approvisionnement de l'huilerie, en améliorant les pratiques et la gestion des usages des sols. Les principes de l'agroécologie peuvent aider à développer des solutions à ces diverses échelles. Cet article rassemble diverses histoires courtes illustrant des pratiques agroécologiques mises en place dans des plantations de palmier à huile en Asie du Sud-Est. Ces illustrations mettent en évidence l'importance des nombreux co-produits issus du palmier et leur rôle clé dans les stratégies de recyclage pour réduire le recours aux intrants externes pour la plantation comme pour l'huilerie. Au-delà de la réduction des impacts environnementaux du fait de ces économies d'intrants, certains co-produits restitués en plantation peuvent également permettre de maintenir, voire d'améliorer, la qualité des sols. D'autres histoires courtes parcourent quelques autres pratiques agroécologiques dans le domaine de la lutte intégrée. Bien que de nombreuses pratiques de contrôle biologique soient mises en œuvre dans des plantations de palmier à huile depuis de nombreuses années, les mécanismes sous-jacents ont été encore peu explorés et les pratiques peuvent être améliorées. De nouvelles connaissances sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser et prendre en compte de manière holistique les enjeux et le rôle de la biodiversité et pouvoir arbitrer les compromis entre pratiques et services écosystémiques, aux échelles de la plantation et du paysage.

Published
2017
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12. Modelling architectural traits of oil palm progenies and their effect on light interception at plant and stand scales

Author

Perez, Raphael, Dauzat, Jean, Pallas, Benoit, Rey, Hervé, Le Moguedec, Gilles, Griffon, Sebastien, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Costes, Evelyne, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), SMART Research Institute, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières [AGAP] (AFEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Vegetal Biology, Light interception, architecture de l'arbre, 3D reconstruction of plant architecture, interception de la lumière, Morphological ideotype traits, modelling, maquette 3d, palmier à huile, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Genetic variability, Sensitivity analysis, Biologie végétale, modélisation
Abstract

The development of new strategies to find more sustainable and productive systems is a major challenge to fulfil increasing vegetable oil demand, including palm oil. Breeding has largely contributed to improve oil palm productivity, but so far, selection mainly focussed on yield components (e.g. number of bunches, number of fruits per bunch or oil content in fruits). The main statement underlying this study is the possibility to enhance potential crop production by optimizing plant architecture in relation to radiation use efficiency. To this end we developed a model for simulating the 3D architecture of oil palms from morphometric and geometric measurements. Allometric relationships were subsequently designed to simulate the morphogenetic gradients of architectural traits within the crown at leaf and leaflet scales. The methodology allowed reconstructing virtual oil palms at different stages over plant development. Additionally, the allometric-based approach was coupled to mixed model effect in order to integrate inter and intra progeny variability through progeny- specific parameters. The model thus enabled to simulate the specificity of plant architecture for a given progeny while including inter-individual variability. The AMAPstudio software (Griffon & de Coligny, 2014) was used to generate populations of 3D virtual palms for estimating light interception efficiency of 5 progenies, from individual scale to stand scale. A sensitivity analysis was then performed on the architectural parameters to evaluate their impact on light interception efficiency. Results pointed out the capacity of our modelling approach to generate realistic 3D mock- ups considering the architectural specificities of the studied progenies. Simulations revealed distinct light interception efficiency among the progenies all along plant development. Given these results, sensitivity analyses were performed and enabled to highlight key architectural traits governing light interception (density of leaflets on rachis, rachis curvature and leaflets morphology). Such work paves the way on the identification of ideotype by combining appropriate architectural traits to optimize light interception efficiency under specific climatic environment. Forthcoming work will be dedicated to interface the calculation of light interception with carbon assimilation to better estimate the trades-off between plant architecture and plant production.

Published
2016

13. N2O emissions from oil palm on mineral soils: measurements and modelling challenges

Author

Pardon, Lénaïc, Cécile Bessou, Saint-Geours, Nathalie, Gabrielle, Benoît, Marichal, Raphaël, Testiati, Ety, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Nelson, Paul N., Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ITK, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), James Cook University (JCU), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and SMART Research Institute

Subjects
P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

In oil palm plantations, addition of nitrogen (N) via legume cover crops and fertilisers is a common practice to achieve the yield potential of the crop. It is associated with effects on climate change through emissions of N2O (Choo et al., 2011). As oil palm is the most rapidly expanding tropical perennial crop, and is expected to keep expanding in the next decades (Corley, 2009), this raises environmental concerns.We reviewed the available measurements for N2O and other N fluxes in oil palm plantations on mineral soils (Pardon et al., 2016). We saw that direct N2O emissions were the most uncertain N flux, ranging from 0.01 to 7.3 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with a tendency to be higher during the immature phase, to decrease with the age of palms and to be higher in poorly drained soils (Ishizuka et al., 2005; Banabas, 2007). However, only very few measurements were available on mineral soils, and data is still lacking to better understand the potential effects of spatial heterogeneity in plantations (soil properties, soil cover) and management practices (e.g. fertiliser application timing, splitting, placement). Indirect N2O emissions were related to emissions of NH3 and NO3- which were particularly high during the immature phase when the N inputs are high while the palms are still young. We compared 11 existing models and 25 sub-models to simulate oil palm N budget and losses, among which 8, 9 and 8 sub-models were specific to N2O emissions, NH3 volatilisation, and NO3- losses through leaching and runoff; respectively (Pardon et al., under review). We saw that direct N2O emissions estimates were some of the most variable across models, ranging from 0.3 to 7 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (Mosier et al., 1998; Bouwman et al., 2002b; IPCC 2006, from Eggleston et al., 2006; Crutzen et al., 2008; Meier et al., 2012; APSIM from Huth et al., 2014 ; Shcherbak et al., 2014). The main influential factors on direct N2O emissions were the rate of mineral fertiliser applied and the emission factors of the models. The models accounting for felled palms decomposition, empty fruit bunches applications, and biological N fixation also estimated a peak of N2O emissions during the immature phase. Therefore direct and indirect emissions of N2O in oil palm plantations seemed not to be negligible in terms of environmental effect, with ranges of 11 to 2,425 and 79 to 2,443 kg CO2e ha-1 yr-1 for measured and modelled values; respectively (assuming a global warming potential of 298 for N2O). However, in order to be able to adapt management practices to mitigate these emissions, knowledge is still lacking to better understand the potential effects of spatial heterogeneity and management practices on direct and indirect N2O emissions The main modelling challenges are to model the impact of management practices, taking into account the soil N dynamics and residues decomposition, and this over the whole cycle.

Published
2016

14. Quantifying nitrogen losses in oil palm plantations: models and challenges

Author

Nathalie Saint-Geours, Cécile Bessou, Lénaïc Pardon, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Benoit Gabrielle, Ni’matul Khasanah, Paul N. Nelson, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, CEEI CAP ALPHA, Centre Européen d'Entreprises et d'Innovation, ITK, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Southeast Asia Regional Programme, World Agroforestry Centre, SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SMART Research Institute, and Bessou, Cécile

Subjects
émission atmosphérique, Perennial plant, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Life, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Elaeis guineensis, Leaching (agriculture), media_common, 2. Zero hunger, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Enracinement, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, Nitrogen, Nutrition des plantes, Cycle de l'azote, Gaz à effet de serre, P02 - Pollution, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Pollution, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Pollution par l'agriculture, Fertilisation, Fertilité du sol, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Croissance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Engrais azoté, business.industry, Impact sur l'environnement, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, chemistry, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, business, Surface runoff, Cropping, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract

Oil palm is the most rapidly expanding tropical perennial crop. Its cultivation raises environmental concerns, notably related to the use of nitrogen (N) fertilisers and the associated pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. While numerous and diverse models exist to estimate N losses from agriculture, very few are currently available for tropical perennial crops. Moreover, there is a lack of critical analysis of their performance in the specific context of tropical perennial cropping systems. We assessed the capacity of 11 models and 29 sub-models to estimate N losses in a typical oil palm plantation over a 25-year growth cycle, through leaching and runoff, and emissions of NH3, N2, N2O, and NOx. Estimates of total N losses were very variable, ranging from 21 to 139 kg N ha−1 yr−1. On average, 31 % of the losses occurred during the first 3 years of the cycle. Nitrate leaching accounted for about 80 % of the losses. A comprehensive Morris sensitivity analysis showed the most influential variables to be soil clay content, rooting depth, and oil palm N uptake. We also compared model estimates with published field measurements. Many challenges remain in modelling processes related to the peculiarities of perennial tropical crop systems such as oil palm more accurately.

Published
2016
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15. Deciphering agricultural practices and environmental impacts in palm oil plantations in Riau and Jambi provinces, Indonesia

Author

Margot Moulin, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Cécile Bessou, Julie Wohlfahrt, Agro-Systèmes Territoires Ressources Mirecourt (ASTER Mirecourt), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SMART Research Institute, ANR, and SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART)

Subjects
Aide à la décision, huile de palme, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agroécologie, Geography, Planning and Development, 02 engineering and technology, Elaeis guineensis, oil palm, Agriculture durable, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental impact assessment, 2. Zero hunger, industrial plantation, palm oil, biology, Agroforestry, Plantation forestière, smallholders, Pratique culturale, Rendement des cultures, Geography, Agroécosystème, impact environnemental, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Herbicide, Palm, Production forestière, 020209 energy, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, environmental impact, Fertilisation, Deforestation, pesticide, business.industry, Crop yield, Impact sur l'environnement, Évaluation de l'impact, fertilisers, pesticides, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, Vegetable oil, Agriculture, structure agraire, business, Cropping
Abstract

Oil palm cultivation has drastically increased in the last decades and has become a key crop to meet the global vegetable oil demand, while raising environmental issues linked to deforestation, fertiliser or pesticide uses. Guidelines on best practices have been developed to limit these environmental impacts. However, there is little evidence on the field reality of concrete declination of these general guidelines and on the room for improvement of practices in light of the local diversity of oil palm systems. This study aimed to investigate in the field the actual practices in two contrasted areas in Indonesia, the first global palm oil producer. We carried out field surveys in Riau and Jambi provinces and collected data on annual applications of two synthetic mineral fertilisers, two herbicides and yields. We characterised the cropping systems of 88 smallholders' and 45 industrial plantation units including potential practice drivers. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed contrasted practices across growers. Fertiliser rates were variable across all grower types, while pesticide rates especially distinguished between industrial and smallholders' practices. Practices and performances were particularly variable amongst smallholders, and significantly different in Jambi compared to Riau. This study highlighted the great diversity of practices and potential environmental impacts. It stresses the need for a more systematic accounting of the local specificities of the cropping systems and their rationales in order to promote more adapted and efficient best practices recommendations.

Published
2016
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16. Key unknowns in nitrogen budget for oil palm plantations. A review

Author

Lénaïc Pardon, Jean Ollivier, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Bernard Dubos, Paul N. Nelson, Raphaël Marichal, Benoit Gabrielle, Cécile Bessou, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), James Cook University (JCU), SMART Research Institute, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART)

Subjects
Agroecosystem, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agroécologie, 010501 environmental sciences, Elaeis guineensis, 01 natural sciences, oil palm, Transport des substances nutritives, Leaching (agriculture), Cover crop, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, Pratique culturale, N budget, N losses, tropical perennial crop, Cycle de l'azote, Palm, Gaz à effet de serre, Environmental Engineering, Fertilisation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Engrais azoté, Impact sur l'environnement, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Surface runoff, Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant nutrition, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract

Nitrogen (N) losses in agroecosystems are a major environmental and economic issue. This issue is particularly pronounced in oil palm cultivation because oil palm production area is expected to increase to 12 Mha by 2050. N fertilization in oil palm plantations is mainly provided by mineral fertilizers, palm oil mill by-products, and biological fixation using legume cover crops. N loss has a major environmental impact during cultivation. For instance, 48.7 % of the greenhouse gases emitted to produce 1 t of palm oil fruit are due to N fertilization. Actually, there is little comprehensive knowledge on how to calculate N budgets in oil palm plantation in order to optimize fertilization, taking into account N leaching and N gases emissions. Here we modeled knowledge about all N fluxes in an oil palm field following standard management practices of industrial plantations, on a mineral soil, from planting to felling after a 25-year-growth cycle. The largest fluxes are internal fluxes, such as oil palm uptake, with 40–380 kg N ha−1 year−1, and the decomposition of felled palms at the end of the cycle, with 465–642 kg N ha−1. The largest losses are emissions of NH3 and leaching of NO3 −, corresponding to 0.1–42 % and 1–34 % of mineral N applied, respectively. The most uncertain and least documented fluxes are N losses such as N2O, NO x , N2 emissions, leaching, NH3 volatilization, and runoff. The most critical conditions for N losses occur during the immature phase when young palms uptake is low and during the mature phase in areas with sparse soil cover or receiving high amounts of fertilizers. Data is lacking about the effects of management practices on NO3 − leaching and N2O/NO x emissions in those critical conditions.

Published
2016
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17. Integrating mixed-effect models into an architectural plant model to simulate inter- and intra-progeny variability: a case study on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Author

Benoît Pallas, Hervé Rey, Sébastien Griffon, Raphaël Perez, Gilles Le Moguédec, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Jean Dauzat, Evelyne Costes, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), SMART Research Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières [AGAP] (AFEF), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, variabilité génétique, Plant Science, Arecaceae, Three-dimensional reconstruction, Elaeis guineensis, three dimensional model, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, 01 natural sciences, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, genetic variability, Allometric relationship, Leaflet (botany), biology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Crown (botany), Anatomie végétale, modèle de transfert radiatif, plante virtuelle, Trait, morphologie de la feuille, Mixed-model, Interception, Biological system, Modèle mathématique, architecture de la plante, plant architecture, Models, Biological, Petiole (botany), 03 medical and health sciences, Variation génétique, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Botany, palmier à huile, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Genetic variability, géométrie de la feuille, Genetic Association Studies, Morphologie végétale, Modélisation des cultures, modèle 3d, allométrie, Genetic Variation, interception de la lumière, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Allometry, 010606 plant biology & botany, elaeis guineensis
Abstract

UMR AGAP - équipe AFEF - Architecture et fonctionnement des espèces fruitières; Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of plants is time-consuming and involves considerable levels of data acquisition. This is possibly one reason why the integration of genetic variability into 3D architectural models has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, an allometry-based approach was developed to account for architectural variability in 3D architectural models of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a case study. Allometric relationships were used to model architectural traits from individual leaflets to the entire crown while accounting for ontogenetic and morphogenetic gradients. Inter- and intra-progeny variabilities were evaluated for each trait and mixed-effect models were used to estimate the mean and variance parameters required for complete 3D virtual plants. Significant differences in leaf geometry (petiole length, density of leaflets, and rachis curvature) and leaflet morphology (gradients of leaflet length and width) were detected between and within progenies and were modelled in order to generate populations of plants that were consistent with the observed populations. The application of mixed-effect models on allometric relationships highlighted an interesting trade-off between model accuracy and ease of defining parameters for the 3D reconstruction of plants while at the same time integrating their observed variability. Future research will be dedicated to sensitivity analyses coupling the structural model presented here with a radiative balance model in order to identify the key architectural traits involved in light interception efficiency.

Published
2016
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18. Modelling potential nitrogen losses in oil palm plantations with IN-Palm, an agri-environmental indicator

Author

Pardon, Lénaïc, Bockstaller, Christian, Marichal, Raphaël, Ribka Sionita, T., Nelson, Paul N., Gabrielle, Benoît, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Cécile Bessou, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), SMART Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs). FRA., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and James Cook University (JCU)

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, INDIGO®, agri-environmental indicator, IN-Palm, environmental impact assessment, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, oil palm, nitrogen losses, modelling, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, P35 - Fertilité du sol, F01 - Culture des plantes, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Milieux et Changements globaux
Abstract

Oil palm cultivation area is expected to increase until at least 2050. This expansion raises environmental concerns, not only regarding land-use change and its consequences, but also concerning potential impacts of losses of nitrogen such as ammonia volatilisation, nitrous oxide emission and nitrate leaching and runoff. The prerequisite to any work on the reduction of losses and identification of best practices is the development of an assessment tool. However, the available knowledge regarding nitrogen losses is limited for oil palm, which leads to high uncertainty in environmental assessment. In this context, we chose to develop an agri-environmental indicator, IN-Palm, which aims at estimating the risk of nitrogen losses in oil palm plantations, using the INDIGO® method. This kind of operational model is built to assess environmental risks as well as being used as a decision support tool. The development of indicators is particularly relevant in such contexts of data scarcity, as it allows for harnessing the most of readily accessible data from a whole range of sources, i.e. measured or modelled, qualitative or quantitative, empirical or expert knowledge. We adapted the indicator to characteristics of the oil palm system, such as the tropical climate, the long growth cycle of about 25 years and the high production of biomass. We designed it to be easily implementable with available data on climate and soil conditions, and sensitive to practices such as fertiliser application (type, rate and timing), legume cover establishment, and residue management. Future work will include a sensitivity analysis, a validation against experimental data of losses in Sumatra, and a validation by end-users in a plantation in Sumatra.

Published
2016

19. Toward a functional-structural model of oil palm : evaluation of genetic differences between progenies for architecture and radiation interception efficiency

Author

Perez, Raphael, Dauzat, Jean, Pallas, Benoit, Rey, Hervé, Le Moguedec, Gilles, Griffon, Sebastien, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Costes, Evelyne, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), SMART Research Institute, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces Fruitières [AGAP] (AFEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Radiation interception efficiency, Plant architecture, Genetic variability, 3D reconstruction, Elaeis guineensis, descendance, Vegetal Biology, architecture de l'arbre, indonésie, variabilité génétique, progeny, interception du rayonnement lumineux, modèle structure fonction, maquette 3d, genetic variability, palmier à huile, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Biologie végétale, elaeis guineensis
Abstract

UMR AGAP - équipe AFEF - Architecture et fonctionnement des espèces fruitières; Toward a functional-structural model of oil palm : evaluation of genetic differences between progenies for architecture and radiation interception efficiency. 5. International Conference on Oil Palm and Environment (ICOPE)

Published
2016

20. LCA of perennial crops: implications of modeling choices through two contrasted case studies

Author

Bessou, Cécile, BASSET-MENS, Claudine, Latunussa , Cynthia, Vélu, Alice, Heitz, Hadrien, Vannières, Henri, Caliman, Jean-Pierre, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), ANR, ANR-11-AGRO-0007,SPOP,Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production: Designing strategies from improved knowledge on oil palm cropping systems(2011), Bessou, Cécile, and Sustainable Development of Palm Oil Production: Designing strategies from improved knowledge on oil palm cropping systems - - SPOP2011 - ANR-11-AGRO-0007 - Agrobiosphere - VALID

Subjects
perennial crop, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chronological modeling, LCA, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract

International audience; As highlighted in several recent reviews, there is a need to harmonize the way LCA of perennial crops is conducted (Bessou et al. 2013; Cerutti et al. 2013). In most published LCA on perennial crops, the agricultural production is based on data sets for just one productive year. This may be misleading since performances and impacts of the system may greatly vary year by year and the evolution of the stand over the cycle induces specific mechanisms (nutrient re-mobilization, yield alternating, resistance etc.) that must be included. Without a proper mechanistic model, the only way to account for such phenomena is to wider the data sets to at least account for each stage of the stand development and, if possible, all years of the crop cycle. Three modeling choices for the perennial crop cycle were tested in parallel in two contrasted LCA case studies: oil palm fruits from Indonesia, and small citrus from Morocco. Modeling choices tested were: i) a chronological modeling over the complete crop cycle of orchards (Bessou et al. 2013), ii) a three years average from the productive phase and iii) a selection of different single years from the productive phase. In both case studies, the system boundary included all processes from the seed production until the harvested fruits at farm-gate. The functional unit was 1 kg of fresh fruits. The chosen approach to model the perennial cycle influences the final results and deserves specific attention.

Published
2014

21. Effect of source/sink ratios on yield components, growth dynamics and structural characteristics of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) bunches

Author

Benoît Pallas, Michaël Dingkuhn, Lauriane Rouan, Isabelle Mialet-Serra, Anne Clément-Vidal, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Direction régionale Languedoc-Roussillon (DG-DRLR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SMART Research Institute, Action Thématique Programmée (ATP Reserves, project No11/02, CIRAD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, indonésie, Physiology, défoliation, modèle fonctionnel, Source, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, Arecaceae, Elaeis guineensis, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Sink ratio, compétition source puits, Yield components, Oil concentration, Inflorescence, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, geography.geographical_feature_category, Fruit filling, biology, Phenology, food and beverages, dynamique de croissance, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, avortement floral, Bunches, functional models, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Seasons, architecture de la plante, plant architecture, Dry weight, palmier à huile, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Inflorescence abortion, geography, leaf removal, Crop yield, Sex determination, ratio source puits, biology.organism_classification, Fruit-set, K10 - Production forestière, Agronomy, Indonesia, Fruit, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany, elaeis guineensis
Abstract

UMR AGAP - équipe AFEF - Architecture et fonctionnement des espèces fruitières; Source/sink ratios are known to be one of the main determinants of oil palm growth and development. A long-term experiment (9 years) was conducted in Indonesia on mature oil palms subjected to continuous bunch ablation and partial defoliation treatments to artificially modify source/sink ratios. During the experiment, all harvested bunches were dissected and phenological measurements were carried out to analyse the effect of source/sink ratios on yield components explaining variations in bunch number, the number of fruits per bunch and oil dry weight per fruit. An integrative variable (supply/demand ratio) describing the ratio between the assimilate supply from sources and the growing organ demand for carbohydrate was computed for each plant on a daily basis from observations of the number of developing organs and their sink strength, and of climate variables. Defoliation and bunch ablation affected the bunch number and the fruit number per bunch. Variations in bunch number per month were mainly due to variations in the fraction of aborted inflorescence and in the ratio between female and male inflorescences. Under fluctuating trophic conditions, variations in fruit number per bunch resulted both from changes in fruit-set and in the number of branches (rachillae) per inflorescence. For defoliated plants, the decrease in the number of developing reproductive sinks appeared to be sufficient to maintain fruit weight and oil concentration at the control level, without any major decrease in the concentration of non-structural carbohydrate reserves. Computation of the supply/demand ratio revealed that each yield component had a specific phase of sensitivity to supply/demand ratios during inflorescence development. Establishing quantitative relationships between supply/demand ratios, competition and yield components is the first step towards a functional model for oil palm.

Published
2013
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22. Impacts of empty fruit bunch applications on soil organic carbon in an industrial oil palm plantation.

Author

Noirot LM, Müller-Stöver DS, Wahyuningsih R, Sørensen H, Sudarno, Simamora A, Pujianto, Suhardi, and Caliman JP

Subjects
Carbon, Fruit, Palm Oil, Industrial Oils, Soil
Abstract

Extensive oil palm plantations have often resulted in the decrease of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several options exist to counter this, such as recycling empty fruit bunches (EFB) as a soil amendment. However, the extent to which EFB increase SOC has been disputed. Since EFB could also be used as a climate change mitigation tool, it is necessary to truly understand their impact on SOC. The investigation of the impact of nine EFB treatments (differing in frequency and application rates) on a 27-year-old large-scale experiment (Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia) revealed that, while EFB impacts are heterogeneous throughout the plantation, they can positively affect total SOC and permanganate oxidisable carbon (POX-C) both at shallow and deep depths (measured up to 100 cm). POX-C was closely correlated to SOC, but showed significant increases compared to the untreated control in all treatments, while total SOC was only increased in a few treatments with small and frequent rates of EFB application. Overall, between 12 (±16) and 56 (±12) t ha - 1 of carbon were sequestered under the harvesting path after 21 years. Focussing on the mineral nutrition value of the EFB, oil palm companies apply a rate of 60 t of EFB every second year for their commercial production, and the analysis of three commercial plots showed that the commercial rate only increased POX-C while it had no effect on the total SOC and SOC stocks. It seems obvious that a change of paradigm is necessary to consider EFB recycling as a new management perspective, where the potential for carbon sequestration becomes an important variable for climate change mitigation besides the initial objective of integrating EFB application into the fertiliser management plan of a plantation., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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23. The first record of the parasitic myrmecophilous caterpillar Liphyrabrassolis (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) inside Asian weaver ant ( Oecophyllasmaragdina ) nests in oil palm plantations.

Author

Dwi Advento A, Yusah KM, Salim H, Naim M, Caliman JP, and Fayle TM

Abstract

Asian weaver ants ( Oecophyllasmaragdina ) are an important biocontrol agent in agricultural habitats. We conducted surveys in oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia for an obligate myrmecophilous butterfly larvae, Liphyrabrassolis (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), that is known to consume weaver ant larvae in other habitat types. We found L.brassolis larvae in five of the twenty nests surveyed, with larval presence not being related to weaver ant nest size. We also observed L.brassolis larvae in a weaver ant mass rearing facility. This is the first report of L.brassolis from oil palm plantations and may have implications for the use of weaver ants as biological control agents., (Andreas Dwi Advento, Kalsum M Yusah, Hasber Salim, Mohammad Naim, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Tom Maurice Fayle.)

Published
2022
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24. Whole-Genome Sequence of Oryctes rhinoceros Nudivirus from Riau Province, Indonesia.

Author

Kurnia YW, Tanjung ZA, Utomo C, Naim M, Situmorang EC, and Liwang T

Abstract

A double-stranded DNA virus, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV), was detected in the total DNA of diseased larvae of O. rhinoceros in Riau Province, Indonesia. The complete genome sequence was 124,926 bp long and encodes 123 open reading frames (ORFs). This strain belongs to the family Nudiviridae and was designated LiboV.

Published
2021
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25. The Denser Canopy of Mangrove Drives the Structure of Insect Communities.

Author

Setyawan YP, Wakhid, and Suhadi

Abstract

Mangrove restoration in Trenggalek, East Java has resulted an age variation of mangrove ecosystem. Diverse species of insects predominantly found in mangroves were collected using yellow pan traps, swipe nets and by direct picking from three different sites. This research was conducted from April until August 2015. There are 9,181 individual insects associated with mangroves comprised of 42 species from 31 families and eight orders. The first site or the 15 years old mangrove (66.22% canopy cover) indicated the highest Shannon diversity index at 2.54, Evenness index of 0.32 and Margalef richness index of 4.84. The lowest diversity was recorded in the third site or the five years old mangrove (19.65% canopy cover), with the Shannon diversity index at 2.28, Evenness index at 0.26 and Margalef richness index at 4.59. The most abundant species located was the Eristena mangalis , with 1,724 individuals (relative abundance of 18.78%), followed by Monolepta sp. with 1,649 individuals (relative abundance of 17.96%). These are the phytophagous insects associated with mangrove leaves. This study concluded that the older mangrove ecosystem have a denser canopy that supports insect life., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020.)

Published
2020
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26. Robust Wavelength Selection Using Filter-Wrapper Method and Input Scaling on Near Infrared Spectral Data.

Author

Silalahi DD, Midi H, Arasan J, Mustafa MS, and Caliman JP

Abstract

The extraction of relevant wavelengths from a large dataset of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a significant challenge in vibrational spectroscopy research. Nonetheless, this process allows the improvement in the chemical interpretability by emphasizing the chemical entities related to the chemical parameters of samples. With the complexity in the dataset, it may be possible that irrelevant wavelengths are still included in the multivariate calibration. This yields the computational process to become unnecessary complex and decreases the accuracy and robustness of the model. In multivariate analysis, Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) is a method commonly used to build a predictive model from NIR spectral data. However, in the PLSR method and common commercial chemometrics software, there is no standard wavelength selection procedure applied to screen the irrelevant wavelengths. In this study, a new robust wavelength selection procedure called the modified VIP-MCUVE (mod-VIP-MCUVE) using Filter-Wrapper method and input scaling strategy is introduced. The proposed method combines the modified Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) and modified Monte Carlo Uninformative Variable Elimination (MCUVE) to calculate the scale matrix of the input variable. The modified VIP uses the orthogonal components of Partial Least Square (PLS) in investigating the informative variable in the model by applying the amount of variation both in X and y{SSX,SSY}, simultaneously. The modified MCUVE uses a robust reliability coefficient and a robust tolerance interval in the selection procedure. To evaluate the superiority of the proposed method, the classical VIP, MCUVE, and autoscaling procedure in classical PLSR were also included in the evaluation. Using artificial data with Monte Carlo simulation and NIR spectral data of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit mesocarp, the study shows that the proposed method offers advantages to improve model interpretability, to be computationally extensive, and to produce better model accuracy.

Published
2020
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27. Kernel partial diagnostic robust potential to handle high-dimensional and irregular data space on near infrared spectral data.

Author

Silalahi DD, Midi H, Arasan J, Mustafa MS, and Caliman JP

Abstract

In practice, the collected spectra are very often composes of complex overtone and many overlapping peaks which may lead to misinterpretation because of its significant nonlinear characteristics. Using linear solution might not be appropriate. In addition, with a high-dimension of dataset due to large number of observations and data points the classical multiple regressions will neglect to fit. These complexities commonly will impact to multicollinearity problem, furthermore the risk of contamination of multiple outliers and high leverage points also increases. To address these problems, a new method called Kernel Partial Diagnostic Robust Potential (KPDRGP) is introduced. The method allows the nonlinear solution which maps nonlinearly the original input X matrix into higher dimensional feature mapping with corresponds to the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS). In dimensional reduction, the method replaces the dot products calculation of elements in the mapped data to a nonlinear function in the original input space. To prevent the contamination of the multiple outlier and high leverage points the robust procedure using Diagnostic Robust Generalized Potentials (DRGP) algorithm was used. The results verified that using the simulation and real data, the proposed KPDRGP method was superior to the methods in the class of non-kernel and some other robust methods with kernel solution., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

Published
2020
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28. Replanting of first-cycle oil palm results in a second wave of biodiversity loss.

Author

Ashton-Butt A, Willcock S, Purnomo D, Suhardi, Aryawan AAK, Wahyuningsih R, Naim M, Poppy GM, Caliman JP, Peh KS, and Snaddon JL

Abstract

Conversion of forest to oil palm plantations results in a significant loss of biodiversity. Despite this, first-cycle oil palm plantations can sustain relatively high biodiversity compared to other crops. However, the long-term effects of oil palm agriculture on flora and fauna are unknown. Oil palm has a 25-year commercial lifespan before it must be replanted, due to reduced productivity and difficulty of harvesting. Loss of the complex vegetation structure of oil palm plantations during the replanting process will likely have impacts on the ecosystem at a local and landscape scale. However, the effect of replanting on biodiversity is poorly understood.Here, we investigate the effects of replanting oil palm on soil macrofauna communities. We assessed ordinal richness, abundance, and community composition of soil macrofauna in first- (25- to 27-year-old) and second-cycle oil palm (freshly cleared, 1-year-old, 3-year-old, and 7-year-old mature).Macrofauna abundance and richness drastically declined immediately after replanting. Macrofauna richness showed some recovery 7 years after replanting, but was still 19% lower than first-cycle oil palm. Macrofauna abundance recovered to similar levels to that of first-cycle oil palm plantations, 1 year after replanting. This was mainly due to high ant abundance, possibly due to the increased understory vegetation as herbicides are not used at this age. However, there were subsequent declines in macrofauna abundance 3 and 7 years after replanting, resulting in a 59% drop in macrofauna abundance compared to first-cycle levels. Furthermore, soil macrofauna community composition in all ages of second-cycle oil palm was different to first-cycle plantations, with decomposers suffering particular declines.After considerable biodiversity loss due to forest conversion for oil palm, belowground invertebrate communities suffer a second wave of biodiversity loss due to replanting. This is likely to have serious implications for soil invertebrate diversity and agricultural sustainability in oil palm landscapes, due to the vital ecosystem functions that soil macrofauna provide., Competing Interests: None declared.

Published
2019
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29. Designing oil palm architectural ideotypes for optimal light interception and carbon assimilation through a sensitivity analysis of leaf traits.

Author

Perez RPA, Dauzat J, Pallas B, Lamour J, Verley P, Caliman JP, Costes E, and Faivre R

Subjects
Arecaceae growth & development, Arecaceae physiology, Arecaceae radiation effects, Carbon Sequestration, Light, Models, Biological, Phenotype, Plant Leaves drug effects, Plant Leaves growth & development, Plant Leaves physiology, Arecaceae anatomy & histology, Carbon metabolism, Plant Leaves anatomy & histology
Abstract

Background and Aims: Enhancement of light harvesting in annual crops has successfully led to yield increases since the green revolution. Such an improvement has mainly been achieved by selecting plants with optimal canopy architecture for specific agronomic practices. For perennials such as oil palm, breeding programmes were focused more on fruit yield, but now aim at exploring more complex traits. The aim of the present study is to investigate potential improvements in light interception and carbon assimilation in the study case of oil palm, by manipulating leaf traits and proposing architectural ideotypes., Methods: Sensitivity analyses (Morris method and metamodel) were performed on a functional-structural plant model recently developed for oil palm which takes into account genetic variability, in order to virtually assess the impact of plant architecture on light interception efficiency and potential carbon acquisition., Key Results: The most sensitive parameters found over plant development were those related to leaf area (rachis length, number of leaflets, leaflet morphology), although fine attributes related to leaf geometry showed increasing influence when the canopy became closed. In adult stands, optimized carbon assimilation was estimated on plants with a leaf area index between 3.2 and 5.5 m2 m-2 (corresponding to usual agronomic conditions), with erect leaves, short rachis and petiole, and high number of leaflets on the rachis. Four architectural ideotypes for carbon assimilation are proposed based on specific combinations of organ dimensions and arrangement that limit mutual shading and optimize light distribution within the plant crown., Conclusions: A rapid set-up of leaf area is critical at young age to optimize light interception and subsequently carbon acquisition. At the adult stage, optimization of carbon assimilation could be achieved through specific combinations of architectural traits. The proposition of multiple morphotypes with comparable level of carbon assimilation opens the way to further investigate ideotypes carrying an optimal trade-off between carbon assimilation, plant transpiration and biomass partitioning.

Published
2018
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30. Simplifying understory complexity in oil palm plantations is associated with a reduction in the density of a cleptoparasitic spider, Argyrodes miniaceus (Araneae: Theridiidae), in host (Araneae: Nephilinae) webs.

Author

Spear DM, Foster WA, Advento AD, Naim M, Caliman JP, Luke SH, Snaddon JL, Ps S, and Turner EC

Abstract

Expansion of oil palm agriculture is currently one of the main drivers of habitat modification in Southeast Asia. Habitat modification can have significant effects on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and interactions between species by altering species abundances or the available resources in an ecosystem. Increasing complexity within modified habitats has the potential to maintain biodiversity and preserve species interactions. We investigated trophic interactions between Argyrodes miniaceus, a cleptoparasitic spider, and its Nephila spp . spider hosts in mature oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. A. miniaceus co-occupy the webs of Nephila spp . females and survive by stealing prey items caught in the web. We examined the effects of experimentally manipulated understory vegetation complexity on the density and abundance of A. miniaceus in Nephila spp . webs. Experimental understory treatments included enhanced complexity, standard complexity, and reduced complexity understory vegetation, which had been established as part of the ongoing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Project. A. miniaceus density ranged from 14.4 to 31.4 spiders per square meter of web, with significantly lower densities found in reduced vegetation complexity treatments compared with both enhanced and standard treatment plots. A. miniaceus abundance per plot was also significantly lower in reduced complexity than in standard and enhanced complexity plots. Synthesis and applications : Maintenance of understory vegetation complexity contributes to the preservation of spider host-cleptoparasite relationships in oil palm plantations. Understory structural complexity in these simplified agroecosystems therefore helps to support abundant spider populations, a functionally important taxon in agricultural landscapes. In addition, management for more structurally complex agricultural habitats can support more complex trophic interactions in tropical agroecosystems.

Published
2018
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31. Integrating mixed-effect models into an architectural plant model to simulate inter- and intra-progeny variability: a case study on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.).

Author

Perez RP, Pallas B, Le Moguédec G, Rey H, Griffon S, Caliman JP, Costes E, and Dauzat J

Subjects
Arecaceae anatomy & histology, Genetic Association Studies, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Models, Biological, Arecaceae genetics, Genetic Variation
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of plants is time-consuming and involves considerable levels of data acquisition. This is possibly one reason why the integration of genetic variability into 3D architectural models has so far been largely overlooked. In this study, an allometry-based approach was developed to account for architectural variability in 3D architectural models of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a case study. Allometric relationships were used to model architectural traits from individual leaflets to the entire crown while accounting for ontogenetic and morphogenetic gradients. Inter- and intra-progeny variabilities were evaluated for each trait and mixed-effect models were used to estimate the mean and variance parameters required for complete 3D virtual plants. Significant differences in leaf geometry (petiole length, density of leaflets, and rachis curvature) and leaflet morphology (gradients of leaflet length and width) were detected between and within progenies and were modelled in order to generate populations of plants that were consistent with the observed populations. The application of mixed-effect models on allometric relationships highlighted an interesting trade-off between model accuracy and ease of defining parameters for the 3D reconstruction of plants while at the same time integrating their observed variability. Future research will be dedicated to sensitivity analyses coupling the structural model presented here with a radiative balance model in order to identify the key architectural traits involved in light interception efficiency., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2016
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