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1. Overview of Large Helical Device experiments of basic plasma physics for solving crucial issues in reaching burning plasma conditions

Author

K. Ida, M. Yoshinuma, M. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, N. Kenmochi, F. Nespoli, R.M. Magee, F. Warmer, A. Dinklage, A. Matsuyama, R. Sakamoto, T. Nasu, T. Tokuzawa, T. Kinoshita, K. Tanaka, N. Tamura, K. Nagaoka, M. Nishiura, Y. Takemura, K. Ogawa, G. Motojima, T. Oishi, Y. Morishita, J. Varela, W.H.J. Hayashi, M. Markl, H. Bouvain, Y. Liang, M. Leconte, D. Moseev, V.E. Moiseenko, C.G. Albert, I. Allfrey, A. Alonso, F.J. Arellano, N. Ashikawa, A. Azegami, L. Bardoczi, M. van Berkel, M. Beurskens, M.W. Binderbaue, A. Bortolon, S. Brezinsek, R. Bussiahn, A. Cappa, D. Carralero, I.C. Chan, J. Cheng, X. Dai, D.J. Den Hartog, C.P. Dhard, F. Ding, A. Ejiri, S. Ertmer, T. Fornal, K. Fujita, Y. Fujiwara, H. Funaba, L. Garcia, J.M. Garcia-Regana, I. Garcia-Cortés, I.E. Garkusha, D.A. Gates, Y. Ghai, E.P. Gilson, H. Gota, M. Goto, E.M. Green, V. Haak, S. Hamaguchi, K. Hanada, H. Hara, D. Hartmann, Y. Hayashi, T. Henning, C. Hidalgo, J. Hillairet, R. Hutton, T. Ido, H. Igami, K. Ikeda, S. Inagaki, A. Ishizawa, S. Ito, M. Isobe, Y. Isobe, M. Ivkovic, Z. Jiang, J. Jo, S. Kamio, H. Kasahara, D. Kato, Y. Katoh, Y. Kawachi, Y. Kawamoto, G. Kawamura, T. Kawate, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Klumper, A. Knieps, W.H. Ko, S. Kobayashi, F. Koike, Yu.V. Kovtun, M. Kubkowska, S. Kubo, S.S.H. Lam, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, S. Lazerson, J. Lestz, B. Li, L. Liao, Z. Lin, R. Lunsford, S. Masuzaki, H. Matsuura, K.J. McCarthy, D. Medina-Roque, O. Mitarai, A. Mollen, C. Moon, Y. Mori, T. Morisaki, S. Morita, K. Mukai, I. Murakami, S. Murakami, T. Murase, C.M. Muscatello, K. Nagasaki, D. Naujoks, H. Nakano, M. Nakata, Y. Narushima, A. Nagy, J.H. Nicolau, T. Nishizawa, S. Nishimoto, H. Nuga, M. Nunami, R. Ochoukov, S. Ohdachi, J. Ongena, M. Osakabe, N.A. Pablant, N. Panadero, B. Peterson, J. de la Riva Villén, J. Romazanov, J. Rosato, M. Rud, S. Sakakibara, H.A. Sakaue, H. Sakai, I. Sakon, M. Salewski, S. Sangaroon, S. Sereda, T. Stange, K. Saito, S. Satake, R. Seki, T. Seki, S. Sharapov, A. Shimizu, T. Shimozuma, G. Shivam, M. Shoji, D.A. Spong, H. Sugama, Z. Sun, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, T. Tajima, E. Takada, H. Takahashi, K. Toi, Y. Tsuchibushi, N. Tsujii, K. Tsumori, T.I. Tsujimurai, G. Ueno, H. Uehara, J.L. Velasco, E. Wang, K.Y. Watanabe, T. Wauter, U. Wenzel, M. Yajima, H. Yamada, I. Yamada, K. Yanagihara, H. Yamaguchi, R. Yanai, R. Yasuhara, M. Yokoyama, Y. Yoshimura, M. Zarnstorff, M. Zhao, G.Q. Zhong, Q. Zhou, S. Ziaei, LHD Experiment Group, and the W7-X Team

Subjects
Large Helical Device, basic plasma physics, burning plasma, wave–particle interaction, ion mixing, turbulence spreading, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high- k ) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix.

Published
2024
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4. The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology

Author

I Adamovich, S Agarwal, E Ahedo, L L Alves, S Baalrud, N Babaeva, A Bogaerts, A Bourdon, P J Bruggeman, C Canal, E H Choi, S Coulombe, Z Donkó, D B Graves, S Hamaguchi, D Hegemann, M Hori, H-H Kim, G M W Kroesen, M J Kushner, A Laricchiuta, X Li, T E Magin, S Mededovic Thagard, V Miller, A B Murphy, G S Oehrlein, N Puac, R M Sankaran, S Samukawa, M Shiratani, M Šimek, N Tarasenko, K Terashima, E Thomas Jr, J Trieschmann, S Tsikata, M M Turner, I J van der Walt, M C M van de Sanden, T von Woedtke, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BBT - Grup de recerca en Biomaterials, Biomecànica i Enginyeria de Teixits, EIRES Chem. for Sustainable Energy Systems, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, EIRES Eng. for Sustainable Energy Systems, EIRES Systems for Sustainable Heat, EIRES System Integration, EIRES, European Commission, and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)

Subjects
low temperature plasma, plasma modeling, plasma diagnostics, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Física::Física de fluids [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], plasma material processing, Plasma science and technology, Physics, Física, Enginyeria biomèdica::Biomaterials [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Condensed Matter Physics, Low temperature plasma, Plasma diagnostics, Plasma modeling, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemistry, Roadmap, plasma applications, Plasma applications, plasma science and technology, roadmap, Plasma material processing
Abstract

Documento escrito por un elevado número de autores/as, solo se referencia el/la que aparece en primer lugar y los/as autores/as pertenecientes a la UC3M. The 2022 Roadmap is the next update in the series of Plasma Roadmaps published by Journal of Physics D with the intent to identify important outstanding challenges in the field of low-temperature plasma (LTP) physics and technology. The format of the Roadmap is the same as the previous Roadmaps representing the visions of 41 leading experts representing 21 countries and five continents in the various sub-fields of LTP science and technology. In recognition of the evolution in the field, several new topics have been introduced or given more prominence. These new topics and emphasis highlight increased interests in plasma-enabled additive manufacturing, soft materials, electrification of chemical conversions, plasma propulsion, extreme plasma regimes, plasmas in hypersonics and data-driven plasma science. Cristina Canal acknowledges PID2019-103892RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Project (AEI) and the Generalitat de Catalunya for the ICREA Academia Award and SGR2017-1165. The research by Annemie Bogaerts was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Synergy Grant 810182 SCOPE). Eduardo Ahedo was funded by Spain's Agencia Estatal de Investigación, under Grant No. PID2019-108034RB-I00 (ESPEOS Project).

Published
2022

5. The tension at the top of the animal pole decreases during meiotic cell division.

Author

Setsuko K Satoh, Akifumi Tsuchi, Ryohei Satoh, Hiromi Miyoshi, Miyako S Hamaguchi, and Yukihisa Hamaguchi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Meiotic maturation is essential for the reproduction procedure of many animals. During this process an oocyte produces a large egg cell and tiny polar bodies by highly asymmetric division. In this study, to fully understand the sophisticated spatiotemporal regulation of accurate oocyte meiotic division, we focused on the global and local changes in the tension at the surface of the starfish (Asterina pectinifera) oocyte in relation to the surface actin remodeling. Before the onset of the bulge formation, the tension at the animal pole globally decreased, and started to increase after the onset of the bulge formation. Locally, at the onset of the bulge formation, tension at the top of the animal pole began to decrease, whereas that at the base of the bulge remarkably increased. As the bulge grew, the tension at the base of the bulge additionally increased. Such a change in the tension at the surface was similar to the changing pattern of actin distribution. Therefore, meiotic cell division was initiated by the bulging of the cortex, which had been weakened by actin reduction, and was followed by contraction at the base of the bulge, which had been reinforced by actin accumulation. The force generation system is assumed to allow the meiotic apparatus to move just under the membrane in the small polar body. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the tension at the surface and the cortical actin distribution indicated another sophisticated feature, namely that the contraction at the base of the bulge was more vigorous than was presumed based on the actin distribution. These features of the force generation system will ensure the precise chromosome segregation necessary to produce a normal ovum with high accuracy in the meiotic maturation.

Published
2013
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6. Reliable long-term operation of superconducting bus lines for the LHD

Author

H Noguchi, H Tanoue, T Mito, S. Moriuchi, and S Hamaguchi

Subjects
Superconductivity, History, Materials science, business.industry, Electrical engineering, business, Computer Science Applications, Education, Term (time)
Abstract

The Large Helical Device (LHD) is an experimental device for helical type fusion plasma in National Institute for Fusion Science and plasma experiments over 150,000 shots have been successfully conducted during twenty long-term plasma experimental campaigns. The LHD has two kinds of superconducting magnets and nine flexible superconducting bus lines with an average length of 55 m, which are utilized as a part of the current feeder system between the coils and the power sources. The superconducting bus lines consist of a pair of aluminum stabilized NbTi/Cu compacted stranded cable insulated electrically and coaxial five corrugated stainless steel tubes with two layers of vacuum insulations. The nominal current is 32 kA and the withstand voltage is 5 kV in 77 K gas helium. From the first experimental campaign, the superconducting bus lines have been stably operated at steady state by using automatic control. It is also confirmed that the status of the superconducting bus lines are kept good thanks to appropriate maintenances. As the results, the reliable operation of the superconducting bus lines has been achieved during the plasma experimental campaigns without any serious failure and the total operational time of the steady state cooling is approximately 58,000 hours.

Published
2021
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7. Measurement and Analysis of Critical Current of 100-kA Class Simply-Stacked HTS Conductors

Author

S. Hamaguchi, Y. Terazaki, Toshiyuki Mito, Hidetoshi Hashizume, Y. Seino, Nagato Yanagi, Satoshi Ito, Hitoshi Tamura, and Akio Sagara

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Nuclear engineering, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Conductor, Large Helical Device, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Current density, Electrical conductor, Excitation
Abstract

Based on the successful plasma experiments in the Large Helical Device (LHD), design activities of the LHD-type helical fusion reactor FFHR-d1 are progressing at National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS). A 100 kA current capacity is required for the winding conductor under the maximum magnetic field of ~12 T. The high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is a promising option for the helical coil conductor. For the development of such a HTS conductor suitable for the helical fusion reactor, we fabricated 30 kA-class HTS conductor samples, and the excitation tests were successfully carried out. We then fabricated and tested a 100-kA class HTS conductor. The conductor sample is a one-turn short-circuit coil with a race-track shape having a bridge-type mechanical lap joint. The transport current of the sample was induced by changing the external magnetic field, then the critical current of the sample was measured. A numerical analysis of the critical current is being performed by self-consistently solving the spatial distributions of the current density and magnetic field among the simply-stacked HTS tapes to verify the measured critical current of the samples. The critical current characteristics of a single HTS tape is evaluated by the percolation model in the precise analysis.

Published
2015

8. Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

Author

null Author et al, R. M. Bateman, M. D. Sharpe, J. E. Jagger, C. G. Ellis, J. Solé-Violán, M. López-Rodríguez, E. Herrera-Ramos, J. Ruíz-Hernández, L. Borderías, J. Horcajada, N. González-Quevedo, O. Rajas, M. Briones, F. Rodríguez de Castro, C. Rodríguez Gallego, F. Esen, G. Orhun, P. Ergin Ozcan, E. Senturk, C. Ugur Yilmaz, N. Orhan, N. Arican, M. Kaya, M. Kucukerden, M. Giris, U. Akcan, S. Bilgic Gazioglu, E. Tuzun, R. Riff, O. Naamani, A. Douvdevani, R. Takegawa, H. Yoshida, T. Hirose, N. Yamamoto, H. Hagiya, M. Ojima, Y. Akeda, O. Tasaki, K. Tomono, T. Shimazu, S. Ono, T. Kubo, S. Suda, T. Ueno, T. Ikeda, H. Ogura, H. Takahashi, J. Kang, Y. Nakamura, T. Kojima, Y. Izutani, T. Taniguchi, M. O, C. Dinter, J. Lotz, B. Eilers, C. Wissmann, R. Lott, M. M. Meili, P. S. Schuetz, H. Hawa, M. Sharshir, M. Aburageila, N. Salahuddin, V. Chantziara, S. Georgiou, A. Tsimogianni, P. Alexandropoulos, A. Vassi, F. Lagiou, M. Valta, G. Micha, E. Chinou, G. Michaloudis, A. Kodaira, H. Imaizumi, M. V. De la Torre-Prados, A. Garcia-De la Torre, A. Enguix-Armada, A. Puerto-Morlan, V. Perez-Valero, A. Garcia-Alcantara, N. Bolton, J. Dudziak, S. Bonney, A. Tridente, P. Nee, G. Nicolaes, M. Wiewel, M. Schultz, K. Wildhagen, J. Horn, R. Schrijver, T. Van der Poll, C. Reutelingsperger, S. Pillai, G. Davies, G. Mills, R. Aubrey, K. Morris, P. Williams, P. Evans, E. G. Gayat, J. Struck, A. Cariou, N. Deye, B. Guidet, S. Jabert, J. Launay, M. Legrand, M. Léone, M. Resche-Rigon, E. Vicaut, A. Vieillard-Baron, A. Mebazaa, R. Arnold, M. Capan, A. Linder, P. Akesson, M. Popescu, D. Tomescu, C. L. Sprung, R. Calderon Morales, G. Munteanu, E. Orenbuch-Harroch, P. Levin, H. Kasdan, A. Reiter, T. Volker, Y. Himmel, Y. Cohen, J. Meissonnier, L. Girard, F. Rebeaud, I. Herrmann, B. Delwarde, E. Peronnet, E. Cerrato, F. Venet, A. Lepape, T. Rimmelé, G. Monneret, J. Textoris, N. Beloborodova, V. Moroz, A. Osipov, A. Bedova, Y. Sarshor, A. Pautova, A. Sergeev, E. Chernevskaya, J. Odermatt, R. Bolliger, L. Hersberger, M. Ottiger, M. Christ-Crain, B. Mueller, P. Schuetz, N. K. Sharma, A. K. Tashima, M. K. Brunialti, F. R. Machado, M. Assuncao, O. Rigato, R. Salomao, S. C. Cajander, G. Rasmussen, E. Tina, B. Söderquist, J. Källman, K. Strålin, A. L. Lange, J. S. Sundén-Cullberg, A. M. Magnuson, O. H. Hultgren, P. Van der Geest, M. Mohseni, J. Linssen, R. De Jonge, S. Duran, J. Groeneveld, R. Miller, B. K. Lopansri, L. C. McHugh, A. Seldon, J. P. Burke, J. Johnston, R. Reece-Anthony, A. Bond, A. Molokhia, C. Mcgrath, E. Nsutebu, P. Bank Pedersen, D. Pilsgaard Henriksen, S. Mikkelsen, A. Touborg Lassen, R. Tincu, C. Cobilinschi, Z. Ghiorghiu, R. Macovei, M. A. Wiewel, M. B. Harmon, L. A. Van Vught, B. P. Scicluna, A. J. Hoogendijk, A. H. Zwinderman, O. L. Cremer, M. J. Bonten, M. J. Schultz, N. P. Juffermans, W. J. Wiersinga, G. Eren, Y. Tekdos, M. Dogan, O. Acicbe, E. Kaya, O. Hergunsel, S. Alsolamy, G. Ghamdi, L. Alswaidan, S. Alharbi, F. Alenezi, Y. Arabi, J. Heaton, A. Boyce, L. Nolan, A. Dukoff-Gordon, A. Dean, T. Mann Ben Yehudah, C. Fleischmann, D. Thomas-Rueddel, C. Haas, U. Dennler, K. Reinhart, O. Suntornlohanakul, B. Khwannimit, F. Breckenridge, A. Puxty, P. Szturz, P. Folwarzcny, J. Svancara, R. Kula, P. Sevcik, L. Caneva, A. Casazza, E. Bellazzi, S. Marra, L. Pagani, M. Vetere, R. Vanzino, D. Ciprandi, R. Preda, R. Boschi, L. Carnevale, V. Lopez, M. Aguilar Arzapalo, L. Barradas, A. Escalante, J. Gongora, M. Cetina, B Adamik, D Jakubczyk, A Kübler, A. Radford, T. Lee, J. Singer, J. Boyd, D. Fineberg, M. Williams, J. Russell, E. Scarlatescu, G. Droc, S. Arama, M. Müller, M. Straat, S. S. Zeerleder, C. F. Fuchs, C. S. Scheer, S. W. Wauschkuhn, M. V. Vollmer, K. M. Meissner, S. K. Kuhn, K. H. Hahnenkamp, S. R. Rehberg, M. G. Gründling, S. Hamaguchi, E. Gómez-Sánchez, M. Heredia-Rodríguez, E. Álvarez-Fuente, M. Lorenzo-López, E. Gómez-Pesquera, M. Aragón-Camino, P. Liu-Zhu, A. Sánchez-López, A. Hernández-Lozano, M. T. Peláez-Jareño, E. Tamayo, D. O. Thomas-Rüddel, V. Adora, A. Kar, A. Chakraborty, S. Roy, A. Bandyopadhyay, M. Das, G. BenYehudah, M. Salim, N. Kumar, L. Arabi, T. Burger, P. Lephart, E. Toth-martin, C. Valencia, N. Hammami, S. Blot, J. L. Vincent, M. L. Lambert, J. Brunke, T. Riemann, I. Roschke, S. Nimitvilai, K. Jintanapramote, S. Jarupongprapa, D. Adukauskiene, D. Valanciene, G. Bose, V. Lostarakos, B. Carr, S. Khedher, A. Maaoui, A. Ezzamouri, M. Salem, J. Chen, D. R. Cranendonk, M. Day, G. Penrice, K. Roy, P. Robertson, G. Godbole, B. Jones, M. Booth, L. Donaldson, Y. Kawano, H. Ishikura, H. Al-Dorzi, M. Almutairi, B. Alhamadi, A. Crizaldo Toledo, R. Khan, B. Al Raiy, H. Talaie, J. A. Van Oers, A. Harts, E. Nieuwkoop, P. Vos, Y. Boussarsar, F. Boutouta, S. Kamoun, I. Mezghani, S. Koubaji, A. Ben Souissi, A. Riahi, M. S. Mebazaa, E. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, N. Tziolos, C. Routsi, C. Katsenos, I. Tsangaris, I. Pneumatikos, G. Vlachogiannis, V. Theodorou, A. Prekates, E. Antypa, V. Koulouras, N. Kapravelos, C. Gogos, E. Antoniadou, K. Mandragos, A. Armaganidis, A. R. Robles Caballero, B. Civantos, J. C. Figueira, J. López, A. Silva-Pinto, F. Ceia, A. Sarmento, L. Santos, G. Almekhlafi, Y. Sakr, S. Baharoon, A. Aldawood, A. Matroud, J. Alchin, S. Al Johani, H. Balkhy, S. Y. Yousif, B. O. Alotabi, A. S. Alsaawi, J. Ang, M. D. Curran, D. Enoch, V. Navapurkar, A. Morris, R. Sharvill, J. Astin, J. Patel, C. Kruger, J. O’Neal, H. Rhodes, J. Jancik, B. François, P. F. Laterre, P. Eggimann, A. Torres, M. Sánchez, P. F. Dequin, G. L. Bassi, J. Chastre, H. S. Jafri, M. Ben Romdhane, Z. Douira, M. Bousselmi, A. Vakalos, V. Avramidis, T. H. Craven, G. Wojcik, K. Kefala, J. McCoubrey, J. Reilly, R. Paterson, D. Inverarity, I. Laurenson, T. S. Walsh, S. Mongodi, B. Bouhemad, A. Orlando, A. Stella, G. Via, G. Iotti, A. Braschi, F. Mojoli, M. Haliloglu, B. Bilgili, U. Kasapoglu, I. Sayan, M. Süzer Aslan, A. Yalcin, I. Cinel, H. E. Ellis, K. Bauchmuller, D. Miller, A. Temple, C. E. Luyt, M. Singer, Y. Nassar, M. S. Ayad, A. Trifi, S. Abdellatif, F. Daly, R. Nasri, S. Ben Lakhal, F. Gul, A. Kuzovlev, A. Shabanov, S. Polovnikov, N. Kadrichu, T. Dang, K. Corkery, P. Challoner, G. Li Bassi, E. Aguilera, C. Chiurazzi, C. Travierso, A. Motos, L. Fernandez, R. Amaro, T. Senussi, F. Idone, J. Bobi, M. Rigol, C. J. Hodiamont, J. M. Janssen, C. S. Bouman, R. A. Mathôt, M. D. De Jong, R. M. Van Hest, L. Payne, G. L. Fraser, B. Tudor, M. Lahner, G. Roth, C. Krenn, P. Jault, J. Gabard, T. Leclerc, S. Jennes, Y. Que, A. Rousseau, F. Ravat, A. Eissa, S. Al-Harbi, T. Aldabbagh, S. Abdellatif., F. Paramba, N. Purayil, V. Naushad, O. Mohammad, V. Negi, P. Chandra, A. Kleinsasser, M. R. Witrz, J. F. Buchner-Doeven, A. M. Tuip-de Boer, J. C. Goslings, M. Van Hezel, A Boing, R Van Bruggen, N Juffermans, D. Markopoulou, K. Venetsanou, V. Kaldis, D. Koutete, D. Chroni, I. Alamanos, L. Koch, E. Walter, K. Maekawa, M. Hayakawa, S. Kushimoto, A. Shiraishi, H. Kato, J. Sasaki, T. Matauoka, T. Uejima, N. Morimura, A. Hagiwara, M. Takeda, O. Tarabrin, S. Shcherbakow, D. Gavrychenko, G. Mazurenko, V. Ivanova, O. Chystikov, C. Plourde, J. Lessard, J. Chauny, R. Daoust, L. Kropman, L. In het Panhuis, J. Konings, D. Huskens, E. Schurgers, M. Roest, B. De Laat, M. Lance, M. Durila, P. Lukas, M. Astraverkhava, J. Jonas, I. Budnik, B. Shenkman, H. Hayami, Y. Koide, T. Goto, R. Iqbal, Y. Alhamdi, N. Venugopal, S. Abrams, C. Downey, C. H. Toh, I. D. Welters, V. B. Bombay, J. M. Chauny, R. D. Daoust, J. L. Lessard, M. M. Marquis, J. P. Paquet, K. Siemens, D. Sangaran, B. J. Hunt, A. Durward, A. Nyman, I. A. Murdoch, S. M. Tibby, F. Ampatzidou, D. Moisidou, E. Dalampini, M. Nastou, E. Vasilarou, V. Kalaizi, H. Chatzikostenoglou, G. Drossos, S. Spadaro, A. Fogagnolo, T. Fiore, A. Schiavi, V. Fontana, F. Taccone, C. Volta, E. Chochliourou, E. Volakli, A. Violaki, E. Samkinidou, G. Evlavis, V. Panagiotidou, M. Sdougka, R. Mothukuri, C. Battle, K. Guy, J. Wijesuriya, S. Keogh, A. Docherty, R. O’Donnell, S. Brunskill, M. Trivella, C. Doree, L. Holst, M. Parker, M. Gregersen, J. Almeida, T. Walsh, S. Stanworth, S. Moravcova, J. Mansell, A. Rogers, R. A. Smith, C. Hamilton-Davies, A. Omar, M. Allam, O. Bilala, A. Kindawi, H. Ewila, A. Malamas, G. Ferreira, J. Caldas, J. Fukushima, E. A. Osawa, E. Arita, L. Camara, S. Zeferino, J. Jardim, F. Gaioto, L. Dallan, F. B. Jatene, R. Kalil Filho, F. Galas, L. A. Hajjar, C. Mitaka, T. Ohnuma, T. Murayama, F. Kunimoto, M. Nagashima, T. Takei, M. Tomita, K. Mahmoud, S. Hanoura, S. Sudarsanan, P. Sivadasan, H. Othamn, Y. Shouman, R. Singh, A. Al Khulaifi, I. Mandel, S. Mikheev, I. Suhodolo, V. Kiselev, Y. Svirko, Y. Podoksenov, S. A. Jenkins, R. Griffin, M. S. Tovar Doncel, A. Lima, C. Aldecoa, C. Ince, A. Taha, A. Shafie, M. Mostafa, N. Syed, H. Hon, F. Righetti, E. Colombaroli, G. Castellano, M. Hravnak, L. C. Chen, A. D. Dubrawski, G. C. Clermont, M. R. Pinsky, S. Gonzalez, D. Macias, J. Acosta, P. Jimenez, A. Loza, A. 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F. Francke, L. H. Huyghens, J. B. Bilsen, B. Nyamaizi, C. Dalrymple, A. Dobru, E. Marrinan, A. Ankuli, R. Struthers, R. Crawford, P. Mactavish, P. Morelli, M. Degiovanangelo, F. Lemos, V. MArtinez, J. Cabrera, A. Rutten, S. Van Ieperen, S. De Geer, M. Van Vugt, E. Der Kinderen, A. Giannini, G Miccinesi, T Marchesi, and E Prandi

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Intensive care, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business
Published
2016

10. Advances in Cytokinesis Research. Response of the Cortex to the Mitotic Apparatus during Polar Body Formation in the Starfish Oocyte of Asterina pectinifera

Author

Yukihisa Hamaguchi, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, Setsuko K. Satoh, and Taketoshi Numata

Subjects
Physiology, Phalloidin, Polarity in embryogenesis, macromolecular substances, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Anatomy, Biology, Oocyte, Polar body, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Centrosome, medicine, Biophysics, Cleavage furrow, Molecular Biology, Actin, Cytokinesis
Abstract

In order to understand the mechanism of unequal division, polar body formation was investigated using the oocytes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Cortical actin filaments were quantitatively measured after staining the maturing oocytes with fluorescently labeled phalloidin using a computer and image-processing software. Before polar body formation, at first the actin filaments at the animal pole decreased and subsequently the animal pole bulged. On the other hand, actin filaments surrounding the animal pole increased gradually and made a cleavage furrow around the animal pole as the bulge grew. Then the furrow ingressed and finally a polar body formed. When the surface force was calculated according to the cell shape, the surface force decreased at the animal pole but the force at the contractile ring increased. When by micromanipulation the mitotic apparatus was detached and translocated to the cortex other than the animal pole, polar body formation occurred all over the cortex of the oocyte, which indicates that the response of the whole cortex to the mitotic apparatus is equal. These results indicate that the decrease in the actin filaments and surface force near the centrosome of the mitotic apparatus as well as the increase in the actin filaments and surface force at some distance of the centrosome is important for cytokinesis.

Published
2001

11. Modeling and simulation methods for plasma processing

Author

S. Hamaguchi

Subjects
Modeling and simulation, Electromagnetic field, Physics, Plasma etching, General Computer Science, Computer simulation, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma, Statistical physics, Electron, Kinetic energy, Plasma processing, Computational physics
Abstract

Methods used for the modeling and numerical simulation of the plasma processes used in semiconductor integrated-circuit fabrication are reviewed. In the first part of the paper, we review continuum and kinetic methods. A model based on the drift-diffusion equations is presented as an example of a continuum model; the model and associated numerical solutions are discussed. The most widely used simulation method for kinetic modeling is the Particle-ln-Cell/Monte-Carlo-Collision (PIC/MCC) method, in which the plasma is modeled by a system of charged superparticles (each of which represents a collection of a large number of ions or electrons) that move in self-consistent electromagnetic fields and collide via given collision cross sections. In the second part of the paper, we review the modeling and simulation of the evolution of surface topography in plasma etching and deposition.

Published
1999

12. Mitotic Asters Separate, although Chromosomes Do Not Separate at Slightly Acidic pHi in the Fertilized Egg of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

Author

Yukihisa Hamaguchi, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, and Kenji Watanabe

Subjects
Intracellular pH, Centrosome cycle, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Hemicentrotus, Differential interference contrast microscopy, Centrosome, biology.animal, Botany, Animal Science and Zoology, Sea urchin, Mitosis, Metaphase
Abstract

The effect of slightly acidic intracellular pH (pHi) on the development of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus was investigated. At first cleavage, the fertilized eggs were treated with artificial sea water containing sodium acetate (Ac-pHSW) at pH 6.8 or 7.0 at the onset of nuclear envelope breakdown, and their pHi decreased from 7.30 to 6.68 or 6.78, respectively. When the eggs were observed after fixation by indirect immunofluorescence and differential interference contrast microscopy, the mitotic stage of the treated eggs was arrested at metaphase and the mitotic apparatus was maintained until more than 50 min after the treatment, although it was smaller in size than that of non-treated eggs. On the other hand, the number of the mitotic asters increased from 2 to 3-4, and further to 6-8 following prolonged exposure, suggesting that the centrosomes had divided and replicated. These results suggest that the centrosome cycle advanced at slightly acidic pHi, even when the mitotic cycle did not advance beyond metaphase.

Published
1998

13. Regulation of Intracellular pH in Sea Urchin Eggs by Medium Containing Both Weak Acid and Base

Author

Kenji Watanabe, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, and Yukihisa Hamaguchi

Subjects
Intracellular Fluid, Zygote, Physiology, Intracellular pH, Buffers, Pyranine, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, Ammonia, pH indicator, Animals, Seawater, Arylsulfonates, Molecular Biology, Acetic Acid, Fluorescent Dyes, Ovum, HEPES, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Phosphate, Culture Media, Models, Chemical, chemistry, Biochemistry, Sea Urchins, Acid–base reaction, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

To establish a method of pHi regulation and to understand the pH regulation mechanism in the cell, we investigated the pHi response of unfertilized or fertilized eggs of sea urchin, applying sea water containing both weak permeant acid, acetic acid and/or base, ammonia, to eggs. Pyranine was employed as a pH indicator to measure intracellular pH (pHi) by microfluorometry. The unfertilized/fertilized eggs had a pHi of 6.80/7.34 and 6.81/7.32 for Schaphechinus mirabilis and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, respectively. With the addition of both acetic acid and ammonia to the media, pHi changed linearly against extracellular pH (pHo) between 6-8 and was almost equal to pHo at the concentration of 20 mM acetate and ammonia. This mixed application was proved to be available for regulating pHi at the desired value within a wide range involving the original pHi by a single solution system. pHi after the treatment was dependent on various factors, such as the concentration of the weak acid and base, the pHi before the treatment, and pH buffering power in the cytoplasm. The latter was estimated to be 43 mM and 58 mM in unfertilized and fertilized eggs, respectively, from the measurement of pHi change induced by microinjecting a HEPES solution, assuming that the pH buffering power is caused by phosphate.

Published
1997

14. The Tension at the Top of the Animal Pole Decreases during Meiotic Cell Division

Author

Hiromi Miyoshi, Akifumi Tsuchi, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, Yukihisa Hamaguchi, Ryohei Satoh, and Setsuko K. Satoh

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Polarity in embryogenesis, lcsh:R, Actin remodeling, lcsh:Medicine, Anatomy, Biology, Models, Theoretical, Oocyte, Cell biology, Chromosome segregation, Polar body, Starfish, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Meiosis, Bulge, medicine, Oocytes, Animals, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Actin, Cell Division, Research Article
Abstract

Meiotic maturation is essential for the reproduction procedure of many animals. During this process an oocyte produces a large egg cell and tiny polar bodies by highly asymmetric division. In this study, to fully understand the sophisticated spatiotemporal regulation of accurate oocyte meiotic division, we focused on the global and local changes in the tension at the surface of the starfish (Asterina pectinifera) oocyte in relation to the surface actin remodeling. Before the onset of the bulge formation, the tension at the animal pole globally decreased, and started to increase after the onset of the bulge formation. Locally, at the onset of the bulge formation, tension at the top of the animal pole began to decrease, whereas that at the base of the bulge remarkably increased. As the bulge grew, the tension at the base of the bulge additionally increased. Such a change in the tension at the surface was similar to the changing pattern of actin distribution. Therefore, meiotic cell division was initiated by the bulging of the cortex, which had been weakened by actin reduction, and was followed by contraction at the base of the bulge, which had been reinforced by actin accumulation. The force generation system is assumed to allow the meiotic apparatus to move just under the membrane in the small polar body. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of the tension at the surface and the cortical actin distribution indicated another sophisticated feature, namely that the contraction at the base of the bulge was more vigorous than was presumed based on the actin distribution. These features of the force generation system will ensure the precise chromosome segregation necessary to produce a normal ovum with high accuracy in the meiotic maturation.

Published
2013

15. Liner conformality in ionized magnetron sputter metal deposition processes

Author

S. M. Rossnagel and S. Hamaguchi

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Metallurgy, General Engineering, Tantalum, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, Sputter deposition, chemistry, Sputtering, Trench, Cavity magnetron, Optoelectronics, Deposition (phase transition), Thin film, business
Abstract

S. Hamaguchi and S. M. Rossnagel, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 14, 2603 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1116/1.588993, The conformality of thin metal films (liners) formed on high-aspect-ratio trench structures in ionized magnetron sputter deposition processes is studied numerically and experimentally. The numerical simulator (SHADE) used to predict the surface topography is based on the shock-tracking method for surface evolution. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimentally observed thin-film topography. It is shown that combination of direct deposition and trench-bottom resputtering results in good conformality of step coverages and the amount of the resputtering needed for the good conformality is almost independent of trench aspect ratios. © 1996 American Vacuum Society.

Published
1996

16. Simultaneous investigation of intracellular Ca2+ increase and morphological events upon fertilization in the sand dollar egg

Author

Yukihisa Hamaguchi and Miyako S. Hamaguchi

Subjects
Time Factors, Zygote, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Calcium, Human fertilization, Botany, Animals, Microscopy, Interference, Molecular Biology, Fluorescent Dyes, Aniline Compounds, Cell Biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, Fertilization envelope, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Xanthenes, Differential interference contrast microscopy, chemistry, Cytoplasm, Sand dollar, Fertilization, Sea Urchins, Oocytes, Biophysics, Intracellular
Abstract

An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) and morphological were simultaneously observed by epifluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy during fertilization of the sand dollar, Clypeaster japonicus. [Ca2+], which was detected by a Ca2+ indicator, Fluo-3, initially increased just beneath the sperm-attached site on the egg surface 8.6 sec after attachment. The increase spread into the egg as a concentric sphere to the egg center and, thereafter, propagated in the egg cytoplasm as a planar wave rather than a spherical wave. It reached the site opposite the initiation site across the egg 24.2 sec after initiation. The fertilization envelope (FE) began to elevate 10.3 sec after the initiation of the increase in [Ca2+] and 21.2 sec after sperm attachment.

Published
1990

17. Performance of upgraded cooling system for LHD helical coils

Author

S. Hamaguchi, S. Imagawa, T. Obana, N. Yanagi, S. Moriuchi, H. Sekiguchi, K. Oba, T. Mito, O. Motojima, T. Okamura, T. Semba, S. Yoshinaga, H. Wakisaka, J. G. Weisend, John Barclay, Susan Breon, Jonathan Demko, Michael DiPirro, J. Patrick Kelley, Peter Kittel, Arkadiy Klebaner, Al Zeller, Mark Zagarola, Steven Van Sciver, Andrew Rowe, John Pfotenhauer, Tom Peterson, and Jennifer Lock

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, business.industry, Nuclear engineering, Physics::Medical Physics, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryogenics, Superconducting magnet, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Subcooling, Large Helical Device, chemistry, Heat exchanger, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Water cooling, Physics::Atomic Physics, Lambda point refrigerator, business, Helium
Abstract

Helical coils of the Large Helical Device (LHD) are large scale superconducting magnets for heliotron plasma experiments. The helical coils had been cooled by saturated helium at 4.4 K, 120 kPa until 2005. An upgrade of the cooling system was carried out in 2006 in order to improve the cryogenic stability of the helical coils and then it has been possible to supply the coils with subcooled helium at 3.2 K, 120 kPa. A designed mass flow of the supplied subcooled helium is 50 g/s. The subcooled helium is generated at a heat exchanger in a saturated helium bath. A series of two centrifugal cold compressors with gas foil bearing is utilized to lower the helium pressure in the bath. The supplied helium temperature is regulated by rotational speed of the cold compressors and power of a heater in the bath. The mass flow of the supplied helium is also controlled manually by a supply valve and its surplus is evaporated by ten heaters at the outlet above the coils. In the present study, the performance of the cooli...

Published
2007

18. Response of the cortex to the mitotic apparatus during polar body formation in the starfish oocyte of Asterina pectinifera

Author

Y, Hamaguchi, S K, Satoh, T, Numata, and M S, Hamaguchi

Subjects
Starfish, Oocytes, Animals, Spindle Apparatus, Models, Biological, Actins, Cell Division
Abstract

In order to understand the mechanism of unequal division, polar body formation was investigated using the oocytes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera. Cortical actin filaments were quantitatively measured after staining the maturing oocytes with fluorescently labeled phalloidin using a computer and image-processing software. Before polar body formation, at first the actin filaments at the animal pole decreased and subsequently the animal pole bulged. On the other hand, actin filaments surrounding the animal pole increased gradually and made a cleavage furrow around the animal pole as the bulge grew. Then the furrow ingressed and finally a polar body formed. When the surface force was calculated according to the cell shape, the surface force decreased at the animal pole but the force at the contractile ring increased. When by micromanipulation the mitotic apparatus was detached and translocated to the cortex other than the animal pole, polar body formation occurred all over the cortex of the oocyte, which indicates that the response of the whole cortex to the mitotic apparatus is equal. These results indicate that the decrease in the actin filaments and surface force near the centrosome of the mitotic apparatus as well as the increase in the actin filaments and surface force at some distance of the centrosome is important for cytokinesis.

Published
2002

19. Measurement of the intracellular pH threshold for sperm aster formation in sea urchin eggs

Author

Miyako S. Hamaguchi and Yukihisa Hamaguchi

Subjects
Male, Intracellular pH, education, Biology, Aster (cell biology), Acetates, Buffers, Microtubules, Human fertilization, Sperm aster formation, biology.animal, Pronuclear migration, Botany, Animals, Seawater, Sea urchin, Egtazic Acid, reproductive and urinary physiology, Chelating Agents, Ovum, Female pronucleus, urogenital system, Cell Biology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Sperm, Spermatozoa, Cell biology, Fertilization, Sea Urchins, embryonic structures, Calcium, Female, HEPES, Developmental Biology
Abstract

In the fertilization of sea urchin eggs, intracellular [Ca2+] (Cai) increases transiently and intracellular pH (pHi) elevates accordingly. Unlinking these two activating factors experimentally, the requirement of the increase in pHi for sperm aster formation in the sea urchin, Clypeaster japonicus, was investigated. When the eggs were injected with an EGTA or BAPTA solution, they incorporated sperm but did not organize the sperm aster. Using these sperm-incorporated eggs under the condition that an increase in Cai was blocked, pHi was regulated by two methods: (i) perfusing ammonium acetate-containing seawater; and (ii) injecting pH buffer solutions of various pH values. By either of the two methods, the sperm aster formed at pHi 7.0 or more and functioned in female pronuclear migration when the sperm aster reached the female pronucleus. Hence, the step of the transient increase in Cai at fertilization can be bypassed. In contrast, a pHi increase is indispensably required for sperm aster formation in sea urchin eggs. Moreover, under the condition that there was the transient increase in Cai, the threshold pHi value for sperm aster formation was pHi 7.0 or more. Consequently, whether a Cai increase on fertilization occurs or not, the threshold pHi value for sperm aster formation is constant in sea urchin eggs.

Published
2001

20. Modeling of Reactive Ion Etching for Si/Si02Systems

Author

H. Ohta and S. Hamaguchi

Subjects
Molecular dynamics, Materials science, Etching (microfabrication), Halogen, Interatomic potential, Reactive-ion etching, Molecular physics, Potential energy, Beam (structure), Electronic states
Abstract

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to study surface reaction dynamics of Si and Si02etching by halogens. To perform classical MD simulations for Si02 etching reaction by halogens (Cl or F), we have constructed new sets of two— and three—body interatomic potential functions based on potential energy data obtained fromab initioquantum mechanical calculations of the electronic states. Etching yields for Si and Si02targets are obtained from MD simulations for both beam etching and reactive ion etching (RIE). The obtained yields are in good agreement with experimental observations.

Published
2001

21. Wave-particle power transfer in a steady-state driven system

Author

H. L. Berk, B. N. Breizman, and S. Hamaguchi

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Steady state, Ion beam, Waves in plasmas, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Amplitude, Distribution function, Physics::Plasma Physics, Mechanics of Materials, Phase space, Maximum power transfer theorem, Atomic physics
Abstract

H. L. Berk, Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 2, 3212 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.859232, The general expression of the power transfer from a high-energy ion beam to a background electrostatic plasma wave is obtained for arbitrary wave amplitude. It is verified that phase space gradients produced by a finite amplitude wave enhance the power transfer significantly. © 1990 American Institute of Physics.

Published
1990

22. Alterations in the morphology of nuages in spermatogonia of the fish, Oryzias latipes, treated with puromycin or actinomycin D

Author

S. Hamaguchi and Revues Inra, Import

Subjects
Male, Puromycine, Oryzias, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Organelle, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology, Genetics, Organelles, Dactinomycin, biology, Germinal cell, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Spermatogonia, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Microscopy, Electron, chemistry, Puromycin, Ultrastructure, Electron microscope, medicine.drug
Abstract

A germ-cell specific organelle, nuage, in Oryzias latipes is polymorphic. Nuages with a strand-like structure and amorphous fibrous bodies can be discriminated from each other; furthermore 2 types of nuages of intermediate morphology are also present. After the administration of puromycin or actinomycin D, nuage morphology in spermatogonia was examined by electron microscopy. Puromycin as well as actinomycin D caused a significant increase in the incidence of nuages with a strand-like structure. These observations indicate that the loss of supply of some materials can induce morphological changes in nuages, suggesting that the polymorphism in nuages of O latipes possibly results from the turnover of nuage materials.

Published
1993

23. Rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its long axis

Author

Yukihisa Hamaguchi, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, Sumio Ishijima, S. A. Ishijima, and M. Naruse

Subjects
Male, endocrine system, Rotation, Physiology, Starfish, Oryzias, Aquatic Science, Flagellum, Species Specificity, biology.animal, Cricetinae, medicine, Animals, Humans, Clockwise, Longitudinal axis, Molecular Biology, Sea urchin, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Long axis, Microscopy, biology, Spermatozoon, Mesocricetus, urogenital system, Anatomy, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, Insect Science, Sea Urchins, Sperm Tail, Sperm Motility, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle
Abstract

The rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis was investigated by two methods: by observing a spermatozoon attached vertically to a coverslip by the tip of its head, and by observing a spermatozoon freely swimming in a medium by means of ‘double-focal microscopy’, which yielded simultaneous images at two different focal planes. Similar results were obtained by these two methods. Sea urchin, starfish, medaka, human, golden hamster and bull spermatozoa rolled in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, although there was a large difference in the proportion of spermatozoa rolling in each direction in the different species. The majority of sea urchin and starfish spermatozoa rolled in a clockwise direction when an observer viewed the cell from its anterior end, whereas the majority of medaka, golden hamster, human and bull spermatozoa rolled in a counterclock-wise direction relative to the same observer. Moreover, some spermatozoa occasionally changed their rotational direction. These results suggest that the mechanism regulating the direction of rotation of the spermatozoa is lax. As rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis is due to the three-dimensional component of the beat of the flagellum, the direction of the three-dimensional movement presumably changes as the spermatozoa swim.

Published
1992

24. Double-focal videomicroscopy: a simple video system for analyzing the dynamics of cell motility

Author

Miyako S. Hamaguchi, Sumio Ishijima, Yukihisa Hamaguchi, and Yukio Hiramoto

Subjects
Male, Photomicrography, Mesocricetus, Physiology, Videotape Recording, Aquatic Science, Starfish, Cell Movement, Insect Science, Cricetinae, Sea Urchins, Sperm Motility, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
1991

27. Numerical investigation on plasma and poly-Si etching uniformity control over a large area in a resonant inductively coupled plasma source

Author

S. Hamaguchi, Choong-Seock Chang, S. S. Kim, N. S. Yoon, Y. D. Lee, and Seung-Hoe Ku

Subjects
Physics, Plasma etching, Plasma etcher, fungi, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Etching (microfabrication), Physics::Space Physics, Capacitively coupled plasma, Atomic physics, Inductively coupled plasma, Reactive-ion etching, Plasma processing
Abstract

S. S. Kim et al., Physics of Plasmas 8, 1384 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1350671, In high-density plasma etching processes for ultra-large-scale integrated (ULSI) circuits, the uniformity of the plasma over a large area is of major concern. Recently a resonant inductively coupled plasma source [S. S. Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 492 (2000)] has been proposed for large-area plasma processing, which achieves large-area plasma uniformity by properly tuning its antenna with an external variable capacitor. In the present paper, the plasma transport and poly-Si etching characteristics of this plasma source have been numerically investigated using a self-consistent model for electron heating, plasma transport, and microscopic etching profiles. The numerical simulation results indicate that uniform poly-Si etching over 300 mm in diameter can be easily achieved in this plasma source. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2001

29. Microinjected Polystyrene Beads Move Along Astral Rays in Sand Dollar Eggs. (astral rays/fertilization/mitosis/microinjected polystyrene beads/sand dollar eggs)

Author

Yukio Hiramoto, Miyako S. Hamaguchi, and Yukihisa Hamaguchi

Subjects
biology, Colcemid, Cell Biology, Aster (cell biology), biology.organism_classification, Sperm, chemistry.chemical_compound, Human fertilization, chemistry, Sand dollar, Microtubule, Pronuclear migration, biology.animal, Botany, Biophysics, Sea urchin, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Movements of polystyrene beads along astral rays of the sperm aster and the mitotic aster were investigated in eggs of the sand dollars, Clypeaster japonicus and Scaphechinus mirabilis. Polystyrene beads injected into the unfertilized egg were at a standstill in the protoplasm. After fertilization, these beads exhibited movements toward the center of the sperm aster along the rays, and finally gathered around the astral center. They were distributed in blastomeres together with the mitotic centers during successive cleavages. When injected into eggs during mitosis, beads moved to the centers of the mitotic asters along astral rays. The injected beads did not move when the aster was disorganized by treatment with Colcemid, and moved when it formed after UV-irradiation. These results indicate that microtubules of astral rays are essential to the movement of polystyrene beads. The movement of small polystyrene beads (0.2–0.3 μm in diameter) resembled the saltatory movement of endogenous cytoplasmic granules, and the movement of large beads (ca. 1 μm in diameter) resembled the female pronuclear migration. All of these movements observed in fertilized eggs were demonstrated to be microtubule-dependent, perhaps sharing the same basic mechanisms.

Published
1986

30. Rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its long axis.

Author

S, Ishijima, S, Hamaguchi M, M, Naruse, A, Ishijima S, and Y, Hamaguchi

Abstract

The rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis was investigated by two methods: by observing a spermatozoon attached vertically to a coverslip by the tip of its head, and by observing a spermatozoon freely swimming in a medium by means of 'double-focal microscopy', which yielded simultaneous images at two different focal planes. Similar results were obtained by these two methods. Sea urchin, starfish, medaka, human, golden hamster and bull spermatozoa rolled in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, although there was a large difference in the proportion of spermatozoa rolling in each direction in the different species. The majority of sea urchin and starfish spermatozoa rolled in a clockwise direction when an observer viewed the cell from its anterior end, whereas the majority of medaka, golden hamster, human and bull spermatozoa rolled in a counterclockwise direction relative to the same observer. Moreover, some spermatozoa occasionally changed their rotational direction. These results suggest that the mechanism regulating the direction of rotation of the spermatozoa is lax. As rotational movement of a spermatozoon around its longitudinal axis is due to the three-dimensional component of the beat of the flagellum, the direction of the three-dimensional movement presumably changes as the spermatozoa swim.

Published
1992

31. Performance of the LHD cryogenic system during cooling and excitation tests

Author

T., Mito, R., Maekawa, A., Twamoto, S., Imagawa, K., Takahata, S., Yamada, N., Yanagi, A., Nishimura, H., Tamura, H., Chikaraishi, S., Hamaguchi, T., Baba, S., Moriuchi, K., Oba, H., Sekiguchi, I., Otake, T., Satow, Y., Nakamura, S., Satoh, O., Motojima, and Group, LHD

Subjects
Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Materials science, Steady state, Liquid helium, Nuclear engineering, Physics::Medical Physics, Cryogenics, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Helium-3 refrigerator, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Electromagnetic coil, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lambda point refrigerator, Excitation
Abstract

Performance of the LHD cryogenic system in the first year's operation was described making importance on the recovery process after the normal transition of the helical coils. During the excitation tests of the LHD superconducting coils up to 2.75 T, the normal zone propagation was observed in the helical coil and the emergency shut-off of the coil power supplies was carried out. 2,700 l of liquid helium evaporated from the helical coils. The coils and the helium refrigerator were separated automatically and the helium refrigerator could keep its steady state operation. After the pressure and flow rate of the recovery gas from the helical coils were settled down to the normal state, the coils were connected to the helium refrigerator and the cooling was restarted. The system could return to the steady state in which coil excitation is enabling, by only three and a half hours.

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