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1. An aldehyde as a rapid source of secondary aerosol precursors: theoretical and experimental study of hexanal autoxidation

Author: S. Barua, S. Iyer, A. Kumar, P. Seal, and M. Rissanen
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Aldehydes are common constituents of natural and polluted atmospheres, and their gas-phase oxidation has recently been reported to yield highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) that are key players in the formation of atmospheric aerosol. However, insights into the molecular-level mechanism of this oxidation reaction have been scarce. While OH initiated oxidation of small aldehydes, with two to five carbon atoms, under high-NOx conditions generally leads to fragmentation products, longer-chain aldehydes involving an initial non-aldehydic hydrogen abstraction can be a path to molecular functionalization and growth. In this work, we conduct a joint theoretical–experimental analysis of the autoxidation chain reaction of a common aldehyde, hexanal. We computationally study the initial steps of OH oxidation at the RHF-RCCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12//ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level and show that both aldehydic (on C1) and non-aldehydic (on C4) H-abstraction channels contribute to HOMs via autoxidation. The oxidation products predominantly form through the H abstraction from C1 and C4, followed by fast unimolecular 1,6 H-shifts with rate coefficients of 1.7×10-1 and 8.6×10-1 s−1, respectively. Experimental flow reactor measurements at variable reaction times show that hexanal oxidation products including HOM monomers up to C6H11O7 and accretion products C12H22O9−10 form within 3 s reaction time. Kinetic modeling simulations including atmospherically relevant precursor concentrations agree with the experimental results and the expected timescales. Finally, we estimate the hexanal HOM yields up to seven O atoms with mechanistic details through both C1 and C4 channels.
Published: 2023
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2. Assessing the effectiveness and observing fidelity of a psychosocial support program for Rohingya refugee mothers and their children in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Author: K. Le Roch, A. J. Nguyen, K. S. Rahaman, M. Lasater, S. Barua, C. Lee, M. Schojan, L. Clouin, and S. M. Murray
Subjects: Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Introduction Despite the well-recognized risk poor maternal mental health poses to early child development, it is still rarely addressed in global health programming, especially in humanitarian settings where access to health and mental health infrastructures may be limited. Recognizing the critical role of maternal psychosocial wellness in addressing the health and development of children in conflict, Action contre La Faim/Action Against Hunger (ACF) developed the Baby Friendly Spaces (BFS) program. BFS is a holistic, evidenced-based psychosocial support program that aims to enhance mothers’ wellbeing, internal resources, and child caring skills in order to create a buffer against the deleterious health and developmental impacts of conflict on children. Objectives In Bangladesh, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychosocial support program for Rohingya refugee mothers and their malnourished children under two years old living in Cox’s Bazar’s camps. Methods For this study, we used a matched pair randomization, where ten BFS program sites were allocated to either continue providing services “as usual” or to an “enhanced BFS program” after re-training and providing continuous supportive supervision of the BFS staff throughout the trial period. 600 mothers and their children were enrolled in the study and attended psychosocial stimulation activities related to child care practices and care for women. Data were collected at baseline and 8-week follow-up. Primary outcomes included maternal distress and wellbeing, functioning, and coping. For implementation purpose, a survey was administered on confidence at work for all BFS staff and a fidelity observation assessment was conducted. Results Relative to “as usual” sites, mothers in enhanced implementation sites reported greater reductions in distress (B=-.30) and improvement in wellbeing (B=.58). These differences were small, but marginally significant (p=.058; p=.038) with standard estimation; There was no significant difference between the two groups for daily functioning and coping. BFS providers in “enhanced BFS program” reported higher confidence in service delivery than their colleagues (p=.01). Fidelity varied widely across different components, with some very high and some very low adherence. There tended to be better adherence to procedures in group versus individual sessions and for some specific activities across domains, for enhanced versus standard BFS. Conclusions Findings highlight the value of innovative study approaches for real-world evidence generation. Small but feasible adjustments to implementation can both improve program delivery for maximizing impact. Consequently, low-intensity psychosocial support activities holds potential for reducing distress and improving subjective well-being of conflict affected mothers. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Published: 2023
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3. Using multiple methods to investigate the effects of land-use changes on groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area

Author: S. Barua, I. Cartwright, P. E. Dresel, and E. Daly
Subjects: Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Understanding the applicability and uncertainties of methods for documenting recharge rates in semi-arid areas is important for assessing the successive effects of land-use changes and understanding groundwater systems. This study focuses on estimating groundwater recharge rates and understanding the impacts of land-use changes on recharge rates in a semi-arid area in southeast Australia. Two adjacent catchments were cleared ∼180 years ago following European settlement, and a eucalypt plantation forest was subsequently established ∼15 years ago in one of the catchments. Chloride mass balance analysis yields recharge rates of 0.2 to 61.6 mm yr−1 (typically up to 11.2 mm yr−1). The lower of these values probably represents recharge rates prior to land clearing, whereas the higher likely reflects recharge rates following the initial land clearing. The low pre-land-clearing recharge rates are consistent with the presence of old groundwater (residence times up to 24 700 years) and the moderate-to-low hydraulic conductivities (0.31 to 0.002 m d−1) of the aquifers. Recharge rates estimated from tritium activities and water table fluctuations reflect those following the initial land clearing. Recharge rates estimated using water table fluctuations (15 to 500 mm yr−1) are significantly higher than those estimated using tritium renewal rates (0.01 to 89 mm yr−1; typically mm yr−1) and approach the long-term average annual rainfall (∼640 mm yr−1). These recharge rates are unrealistic given the estimated evapotranspiration rates of 500 to 600 mm yr−1 and the preservation of old groundwater in the catchments. It is likely that uncertainties in the specific yield results in the water table fluctuation method significantly overestimating recharge rates, and despite the land-use changes, the present-day recharge rates are relatively modest. These results are ultimately important for assessing the impacts of land-use changes and management of groundwater resources in semi-arid regions in Australia and elsewhere.
Published: 2021
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4. Recognizing the True Value of Testosterone Therapy in Health Care

Author: Abraham Morgentaler, Abdulmaged Traish, Rajat S. Barua, Paresh Dandona, Sandeep Dhindsa, Mohit Khera, and Farid Saad
Subjects: Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Urology
Published: 2022
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5. Normalization of Testosterone Levels After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Not Associated With Reduced Myocardial Infarction in Smokers

Author: Olurinde A. Oni, MBBS, MPH, Rishi Sharma, MD, MHSA, Guoqing Chen, MD, PhD, MPH, Mukut Sharma, PhD, Kamal Gupta, MD, Buddhadeb Dawn, MD, Ram Sharma, PhD, Deepak Parashara, MD, Virginia J. Savin, MD, George Cherian, MD, John A. Ambrose, MD, and Rajat S. Barua, MD, PhD
Subjects: Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Objective: To examine the effect of cigarette smoking (CS) status and total testosterone (TT) levels after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in male smokers and nonsmokers without history of MI and stroke. Participants and Methods: Data from 18,055 males with known CS status and low TT levels who received TRT at the Veterans Health Administration between December 1, 1999, and May 31, 2014, were grouped into (1) current smokers with normalized TT, (2) current smokers with nonnormalized TT, (3) nonsmokers with normalized TT, and (4) nonsmokers with nonnormalized TT. Combined effect of CS status and TT level normalization after TRT on all-cause mortality, MI, and stroke was compared using propensity score–weighted Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Normalization of serum TT levels in nonsmokers was associated with a significant decrease in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.526; 95% CI, 0.477-0.581; P
Published: 2017
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6. Media reporting on conflicts and cooperation: what does it mean for the Brahmaputra basin?

Author: Deka, A. Hazarika, N. Vij, S. Barua, A. Fantini, E. and Deka, A. Hazarika, N. Vij, S. Barua, A. Fantini, E.
Abstract: This article analyses the media reporting on conflicts and cooperation in the Brahmaputra River basin. We used 2437 newspaper articles published between 2010 and 2020 from the four riparians (China, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh) to explain the science–media interlinkages and what print media reports on conflicts and cooperation. We have found that most articles focus on conflicts, especially relating to hydropower development, data and information asymmetry, and disaster governance. There is limited media reporting on the avenues of cooperation such as informal water diplomacy, collaborative research opportunities, and the community and the culture that brings the riparians together.
Published: 2023
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7. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, Mohammed Hussain, Mohammed Saleem, Moisés Blanco-Calvo, Moisés Jiménez-Santos, Mona Bhatia, Monica Rosca, Monika Laukyte, Montserrat Gracida Blanca, Montserrat Vila Perales, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Moysés de Oliveira Filho, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Muhamed Saric, Mulei Chen, Myriam Brousseau, Myrthes Emy Takiuti, Nada Cemerlic-Adjic, Nadia Asif, Nadia Gakou, Nafisa Hussain, Nana O Katamadze, Nancy L Clapp, Nancy Aedy, Nandita Nataraj, Nanette K Wenger, Naomi Uchida, Nasrul Ismail, Natalia S Oliveira, Natalia de Carvalho Maffei, Natalie Spitzer, Natasha C Putnam, Naved Aslam, Neamat Mowafy, Neeraj Pandit, Neeraj Parakh, Nevena Garcevic, Ngaire Meadows, Nhi N Tran, Nicholas Danchin, Nicki Lakeman, Nicola Johnston, Nicolas W Shammas, Nicole Saint Vrestil, Nicole Deming, Nier Zhong, Niket Patel, Nikola N Boskovic, Nikolaos Karogiannis, Nikos Werner, Nina Johnston, Ning Zhang, Ning Zhou, Niree Hindoyan, Nirmal Kumar, Nitika Chadha, Nitish Naik, Nodira Aripova, Noloyiso Mtana, Nona A Eskelson, Noor Syamira 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Paula García-González, Paulo Cury Rezende, Paulo Ricardo Caramori, Pavel S Kozlov, Pedro Canas Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo Barros E Silva, Pedro Píccaro de Oliveira, Pedro Carvalho, Pedro Modas, Pedro Rio, Peeyush Jain, Peiyu He, Peter A McCullough, Peter H Stone, Peter M Pollak, Peter Douglass, Peter Henriksen, Peter OKane, Peter Ong, Philip Jones, Philip Rogal, Philippe Généreux, Philippe Menasche, Philippe Rheault, Phoebe Goold, Pierre Gervais, Pierre Michaud, Pilar Calvillo, Ping Chai, Piotr Jakubowski, Piotr Pruszczyk, Piotr Slomka, Piyamitr Sritara, Poay-Huan Loh, Poonam Sonawane, Pouneh Samadi, Pragnesh P Parikh, Prakash Deedwania, Pranav M Patel, Praneeth Polamuri, Pratiksha Sharma, Precilia Vasquez, Preeti Kamath, Prince Thomas, Priyadarshani Arambam, Puja K Mehta, Purvez Grant, Pushpa Naik, Qi Zhong, Qian Zhao, Qiang Zhou, Qianqian Yuan, Qin Yu, Qingxian Li, Qiulan Xie, Qiutang Zeng, R J Vindhya, R James Gerlach, Rachel King, Rada Vučić, Radmila Lyubarova, Radoslaw Pracon, 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Stephanie M Lane, Stephanie Ferket, Stephanie Kelly, Stephanie Wasmiller, Stephen H McKellar, Stephen P Hoole, Stephen Fremes, Stephen Preston, Steve Leung, Steven A Fein, Steven J Lindsay, Steven P Sedlis, Steven Giovannone, Steven Michael, Steven Weitz, Stijn van Vugt, Subhash Banerjee, Sudhir Naik, Suellen Hosino, Sukie Desire, Sukit Yamwong, Suku T Thambar, Sulagna Mookherjee, Suman Singh, Sundeep Mishra, Sunil Kumar Verma, Supap Kulthawong, Supatchara Khwakhong, Surendra Naik, Suresh Babu, Surin Woragidpoonpol, Suryaprakash Narayanappa, Susan Derbyshire, Susan Gent, Susan Mathus, Susan Milbrandt, Susan Moore, Susan Regan, Susan Stinson, Susan Webber, Susana Silva, Susanna Stevens, Susanne Gruensfelder, Suthara Aramcharoen, Suvarna Kolhe, Suzana Tavares, Suzanne Arnold, Suzanne Welsh, Svetlana Apostolovic, Swapna Kunhunny, Ta-Chuan Hung, Taissa Zappernick, Tali Sharir, Talita Silva, Tamara Colaiácovo Soares, Tapan Umesh Pillay, Tarun K Mittal, Tatiana Trifonova, Tauane Bello Duarte, Tauqir Huk, Téodora Dutoiu, Terrance Chua, Terry Weyand, Thabitha Charles, Theodoros Kofidis, Theresa McCreary, Thierry Lefevre, Thippeekaa Arumairajah, Thitipong Tepsuwan, Thomas J Mulhearn, Thomas M Meyer, Thomas P Rocco, Thomas R Downes, Thomas Crain, Thomas Haldis, Thomas Mathew, Thomas Redick, Thounaojam Indira Devi, Thuraia Nageh, Tia Cauthren, Tiago Silva, Tiffany Little, Tijana Andric, Tina Harding, Titus Lau, Tiziana Formisano, Tiziano Moccetti, Tomasz Ciurus, Tomasz Mazurek, Tomasz Tarchalski, Toshiyuki Nagai, Tri Tran, Tricia Youn, Trish Tucker, Trudie Milner, Tuhina Bose, Tushar Kotecha, Udo Sechtem, Uma S Valeti, Umberto Cucchini, Umesh Badami, Upendra Kaul, V K Bahl, V S Narain, Valentina Casali, Valeria Godoy, Valerie Robesyn, Vamshi P Priya, Vandana Yadav, Vera McKinney, Veronica De Lenges, Veronica Tinnirello, Vicente Miro, Victor Navarro, Victoria Gumerova, Victoria Hernandez, Vidya Seeratan, Vijay Kumar, Vikentiy Y Kozulin, Viktoria Bulkley, Vilmar Veiga Jr, Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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8. Normalization of Testosterone Levels After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Associated With Decreased Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation

Author: Rishi Sharma, Olurinde A. Oni, Kamal Gupta, Mukut Sharma, Ram Sharma, Vikas Singh, Deepak Parashara, Surineni Kamalakar, Buddhadeb Dawn, Guoqing Chen, John A. Ambrose, and Rajat S. Barua
Subjects: atrial fibrillation, testosterone, testosterone replacement therapy, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several small studies have reported that low serum total testosterone (TT) levels were associated with a higher incidence of AF. In contrast, it is also reported that anabolic steroid use is associated with an increase in the risk of AF. To date, no study has explored the effect of testosterone normalization on new incidence of AF after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in patients with low testosterone. Methods and ResultsUsing data from the Veterans Administrations Corporate Data Warehouse, we identified a national cohort of 76 639 veterans with low TT levels and divided them into 3 groups. Group 1 had TRT resulting in normalization of TT levels (normalized TRT), group 2 had TRT without normalization of TT levels (nonnormalized TRT), and group 3 did not receive TRT (no TRT). Propensity score–weighted stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analysis of the data from these groups to determine the association between post‐TRT levels of TT and the incidence of AF. Group 1 (40 856 patients, median age 66 years) had significantly lower risk of AF than group 2 (23 939 patients, median age 65 years; hazard ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.99, P=0.0255) and group 3 (11 853 patients, median age 67 years; hazard ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89, P=0.0001). There was no statistical difference between groups 2 and 3 (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.78– 1.0009, P=0.0675) in incidence of AF. ConclusionsThese novel results suggest that normalization of TT levels after TRT is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of AF.
Published: 2017
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9. Bulky granulomatous disease resulting in constrictive tuberculous pericarditis requiring pericardiectomy: a case report

Author: Yishay Orr, Michael P. Skinner, Bernadette Phua, and S. Barua
Subjects: Constrictive pericarditis, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Case Reports, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pericardial effusion, 03 medical and health sciences, Pericarditis, 0302 clinical medicine, Prednisone, Case report, medicine, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pericardiectomy, Heart Failure, Granulomatous disease, business.industry, Tuberculous pericarditis, medicine.disease, Surgery, Pericardiocentesis, Heart catheterization, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background We present a 23-year-old Nepalese migrant with mycobacterial tuberculosis (TB) pericarditis manifesting as effusive constrictive disease and subsequent rapid progression to constrictive pericarditis resulting from bulky granulomatous disease. Case summary Following initial presumptive diagnosis of TB pericarditis based on presence of moderate pericardial effusion and positive polymerase chain reaction on concurrent pleural aspirate, the patient was managed with standard empiric therapy. Despite treatment, he developed progressive heart failure with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III symptoms and had confirmation of constrictive physiology on simultaneous left and right heart catheterization. He underwent pericardiectomy 4 months after his initial diagnosis, with debridement of large necrotizing granulomas and an associated immediate improvement clinical improvement. He remains well at 6-month follow-up with no residual heart failure symptoms off diuretic therapy. Discussion Tuberculous pericarditis accounts for 1–2% of presentations with TB infection, with progression to constrictive pericarditis in between 17 and 40% of cases. To date, pericardiectomy remains mainstay of treatment for constriction, albeit with high perioperative risk. In combination with anti-tuberculous therapy, prednisone and pericardiocentesis may reduce risk of progression to constriction, however, neither have shown mortality benefit. Our patient continued to progress, despite medical therapy and proceeded to pericardiectomy only 4 months after his initial diagnosis, with rapid improvement in symptoms, demonstrating the importance of close monitoring and revision of management strategy in these patients.
Published: 2020

10. FEMINIST CONSCIOUSNESS, EMPOWERMENT AND IDENTITY: CONTEXTUALIZING CHANDRAPRABHA SAIKIANI IN CONTEMPORARY ASSAM

Author: LD Lal and S Barua
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Identity (social science), Gender studies, Sociology, Consciousness, Empowerment, media_common
Published: 2021
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11. The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Mortality

Author: Deepak Parashara, Prakash Acharya, Maya S. Safarova, Tarun Dalia, Rajat S. Barua, Prince Sethi, Kamal Gupta, Olurinde Oni, and Sagar Ranka
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Vitamin d supplementation, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hazard ratio, primary prevention, medicine.disease, Lower risk, Group A, Gastroenterology, Group B, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, Internal medicine, Cohort, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, all-cause mortality, Myocardial infarction, Vitamin D, Corrigendum, business, Clinical Research Articles, AcademicSubjects/MED00250
Abstract: Objective The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the vitamin D (Vit-D) treatment and nontreatment on Vit-D–deficient patients without a prior history of myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and Methods This was a retrospective, observational, nested case–control study of patients (N = 20 025) with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D ([25-OH]D) levels ( Results Among the cohort of 20 025 patients, the risk of MI was significantly lower in Group C than in Group B (hazard ratio [HR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.49-0.85, P = .002) and Group A (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96), P = .02). There was no difference in the risk of MI between Group B and Group A (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.91-1.42, P = 0.24). Compared with Group A, both Group B (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.54-0.63, P Conclusions In patients with Vit-D deficiency and no prior history of MI, treatment to the (25-OH)D level of >20 ng/mL and >30 ng/mL was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality. The lower risk of MI was observed only in individuals maintaining (25-OH)D levels ≥30 ng/mL.
Published: 2021

12. Heterosis for Morpho-Biochemical Traits in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) During Kharif Season

Author: N. S. Barua, Deepa Borbora Phookan, Pratap Kumar Das, and Jamini Saikia
Subjects: Horticulture, Melongena, biology, Heterosis, Kharif crop, Morpho, Solanum, biology.organism_classification
Published: 2019
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13. Chronic Hemolysis May Predict Mortality in Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices

Author: K. Kearney, Christopher S. Hayward, Desiree Robson, Peter S. Macdonald, Pankaj Jain, Audrey Adji, S. Barua, C. Cherrett, C. Bragg, Kavitha Muthiah, J. Engelman, and S. Conte
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Hemolysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Ventricular assist device, Concomitant, Lactate dehydrogenase, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Surgery, cardiovascular diseases, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Cardiac catheterization
Abstract: Purpose Hemolysis is an important complication of ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy. Several studies have postulated that chronic hemolysis may be a cause of adverse outcomes in patients with VADs, but consistent definitions and clinical outcome data are lacking. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study examining survival to transplantation in patients who underwent VAD implantation from 2010-2020. Baseline demographics, renal function, echocardiographic, and cardiac catheterization data for the first 12 months of VAD therapy or until transplantation were collected. Additionally, all available lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were collected over this time frame and means were calculated for each patient. Results VADs were implanted in 166 patients, 19% female and 87% left-sided devices. Patients with mean LDH above the upper limit of normal for our laboratory's LDH assay of 440 units/liter (U/L) were more likely to die prior to transplantation compared to those with mean LDH Conclusion Mean LDH above the normal range was an independent and significant predictor of mortality in patients with VADs awaiting transplantation at our center over the last decade. While concomitant severe liver or RV dysfunction can raise LDH, chronic hemolysis is an important potential etiology for our observations. Further work is needed to define chronic hemolysis and its impact on outcomes in patients with VADs.
Published: 2021

14. Morpho-biochemical Characterization of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes during Kharif Season

Author: Jiban Saikia, Luchon Saikia, Deepa Borbora Phookan, Pratap Kumar Das, N. S. Barua, and Jamini Saikia
Subjects: Horticulture, Melongena, biology, Pedicel, Yield (wine), Kharif crop, Solanum, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Ascorbic acid, biology.organism_classification, Hectare, Water content
Abstract: Background: Brinjal is one of the most popular and important vegetable crops grown throughout the year in India and other parts of the world. Though a large number of brinjal genotypes are available in India, only a few have good quality and yield during kharif. Therefore, the current study was carried out to identify and/or superior varieties with high yield and better quality brinjal during kharif, 2017-2018 consisted of thirty brinjal genotypes obtained from different places of India.Methods: All the genotypes were evaluated for fifteen morphological and six biochemical characters viz., plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), number of primary branches per plant, leaf blade length (cm), leaf blade width (cm), number of leaf prickles, days to first flowering (days), days to 50% flowering (days), fruit pedicel length (cm), fruit length (cm), fruit circumference (cm), number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), fruit yield per hectare (t), moisture content (%, FW), crude fiber content (%, DW), crude protein content (%, DW), ascorbic acid (mg/100g FW), solasodine content (mg/100g DW) and total phenol content (mg GAE/g FW).Result: Mean performance of brinjal genotypes revealed significant variation for morpho-biochemical characters. This variation may be due to the effect of genotype, environment or their interaction. Morphological characters of brinjal genotypes revealed that among the thirty genotypes, eighteen genotypes viz., Kuchia, Brinjal-3, Khoruah-1, Brinjal-6, Brinjal-8, Brinjal-4, Seujia Bengena, Brinjal-1, Brinjal-9, Brinjal-2, Brinjal Long, Green Long, Boga Bengena, Kajala, Sagolishingia, Long Khoruah, Brinjal-7 and Koni Bengena were found to be the superior performers for fruits/plant, primary branches per plant, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering and fruit yield during kharif. The mean performance for biochemical characters also revealed wide variability among the genotypes in respect to quality performance.
Published: 2021
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15. The role of intracoronary thrombolysis in selected patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case series

Author: Cuneyt Ada, Paul Geenty, P. Fahmy, S. Barua, T. Deshmukh, Mark J. Cooper, Alan Robert Denniss, and David Tanous
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Revascularization, St elevation myocardial infarction, Internal medicine, medicine, Case Series, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, Myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Coronary heart disease (incl. Cardiac Intervention), Thrombus, Coronary thrombus, business.industry, Primary percutaneous coronary intervention, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, cardiovascular system, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Intracoronary thrombolysis
Abstract: Background Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of management for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, large intracoronary thrombus burden complicates up to 70% of STEMI cases. Adjunct therapies described to address intracoronary thrombus include manual and mechanical thrombectomy, use of distal protection device and intracoronary anti-thrombotic therapies. Case summary This series demonstrates the use of intracoronary thrombolysis in the setting of large coronary thrombus, bifurcation lesions with vessel size mismatch, diffuse thrombosis without underlying plaque rupture, and improving coronary flow to allow vessel wiring and proceeding to definitive revascularization. Discussion Larger intracoronary thrombus burden correlates with greater infarct size, distal embolization, and the associated no-reflow phenomena, and propagates stent thrombosis, with subsequent increase in mortality and major adverse cardiac events. Intracoronary thrombolysis may provide useful adjunct therapy in highly selected STEMI cases to reduce intracoronary thrombus and facilitate revascularization.
Published: 2020

16. 622 Renal Resistive Index and Acute Kidney Injury During Mechanical Circulatory Support

Author: Christopher S. Hayward, Peter S. Macdonald, S. Barua, and Kavitha Muthiah
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Acute kidney injury, medicine.disease, Resistive index, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Internal medicine, Circulatory system, medicine, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Published: 2020

17. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment

Author: K. Michael Cummings, Pamela B. Morris, Neal L. Benowitz, Barbara S. Wiggins, Linda Sarna, Eric C. Stecker, Rajat S. Barua, Elizabeth V Ratchford, Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri, and Nancy A. Rigotti
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, business.industry, Task force, Family medicine, Medicine, Expert consensus, 030212 general & internal medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: James L. Januzzi Jr, MD, FACC, Chair Tariq Ahmad, MD, MPH, FACC Brendan Everett, MD, FACC William Hucker, MD, PhD Dharam J. Kumbhani, MD, SM, FACC Joseph E. Marine, MD, FACC Pamela B. Morris, MD, FACC Robert N. Piana, MD, FACC Sunil V. Rao, MD, FACC Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD
Published: 2018
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18. Molecular Diagnosis of a Cutaneous Form of Pox in Pigeons at Mhow in Madhya Pradesh

Author: U. K. Garg, S. Barua, D. Chhabra, Rakesh Sharda, Naveen Kumar, T. Riyesh, Ravi Sikrodia, and S.D. Audarya
Subjects: Biology
Published: 2018
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19. Acute Kidney Injury Predicts Outcomes Following Ventricular Assist Device Insertion

Author: J. Engelman, Audrey Adji, Bruno Schnegg, S. Barua, Desiree Robson, C. Bragg, Peter McDonald, K. Kearney, Pankaj Jain, C. Cherrett, S. Conte, Christopher S. Hayward, and Kavitha Muthiah
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.medical_treatment, Acute kidney injury, Renal function, Retrospective cohort study, Oxygenation, urologic and male genital diseases, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Increased risk, Internal medicine, Ventricular assist device, parasitic diseases, medicine, Cardiology, Surgery, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Purpose Renal function following ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation is a key determinant of survival. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) prior to, or following, VAD implantation influenced survival to transplant. We also sought to determine if the use of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) influenced AKI pre or post-VAD. Methods We undertook a single-centre retrospective cohort study examining outcomes in patients who underwent VAD implantation between 2010 and 2020. AKI was defined as per the KDIGO guidelines. The primary outcome was survival to transplant. Results 61% (96/158) of patients experienced pre-VAD AKI which predicted an increased risk of mortality (OR 2.32, p=0.032, CI 1.07 - 5.04). The incidence of post-VAD AKI was 54% (89/165) which was similarly associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR 2.49, p=0.012, CI 1.21 - 5.13). 67% (64/96) of patients who experienced pre-VAD AKI had post-VAD AKI. Patients who had both pre and post-VAD AKI had a significantly increased mortality prior to transplant with an OR of 3.5 (P=0.01, CI 1.3 - 9.41). Patients with pre-VAD AKI were more likely to require ECMO prior to VAD implantation (OR 2.94) however no difference was observed for IABP use. The use of ECMO or IABP prior to VAD implantation did not influence post-VAD AKI. Conclusion Acute kidney injury both pre and post-VAD implantation reduced likelihood of survival to transplant. Patients with AKI prior to VAD insertion were more likely to require ECMO, however the use of ECMO or IABP pre-VAD insertion did not appear to influence post-VAD AKI.
Published: 2021
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20. P0364 / #699: A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR EARLY DETECTION OF JUNCTIONAL ECTOPIC TACHYCARDIA IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Author: M. Stauffer, Parag Jain, R. Patel, V. Gagne, Craig G. Rusin, Y. Dai, M. Paciuc, S. Barua, A. Humayun, and H. Babaei
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, business.industry, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Junctional ectopic tachycardia, Cardiology, medicine, Early detection, In patient, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2021
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21. Assessment of the Activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides from the samples collected from the different (CUFL & JFL) Urea Fertilizer Company Limited

Author: A. Hossain, M.M. Uddin, S. Barua, and M. M. Haque
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Radionuclide, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Activity concentration, Urea, engineering, Fertilizer, engineering.material
Abstract: The activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K have been determined for product (urea) samples collected from the Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Limited (CUFL) and Jamuna Fertilizer Company Limited. The different kinds of samples were analyzed by using a calibrated high purity germanium (HPGe) detector of relative efficiency of 38%. For solid samples, the mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K have been found 78.67±2.87, 59.74±2.27, and 463.71±9.16 Bq/Kg, respectively. The mean activity concentrations of product samples for the corresponding radionuclide were 73.12±2.83, 74.59±2.32, and 391.58±9.38 Bq/Kg, respectively. The artificial radionuclide 137Cs has not been detected in any of the samples. The obtained results of this study show that for some samples the values are lower and for the remaining are higher than the World average values. The mean representative index value is less than unity which confirms that the area is safe for the factory workers and the public nearby.
Published: 2017
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22. 161 Renal Histology associated With Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure

Author: Peter S. Macdonald, Christopher S. Hayward, Jacob Sevastos, Kavitha Muthiah, and S. Barua
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Cardiorenal syndrome, medicine.disease, Renal histology, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Internal medicine, Heart failure, Cardiology, Medicine, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
Published: 2020
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23. Genetic gains with rapid-cycle genomic selection for combined drought and waterlogging tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

Author: Shyam Bir Singh, P.H. Zaidi, Manish B. Patel, J. P. Shahi, K. Seetharam, Ramesh Kumar Phagna, N. S. Barua, M. T. Vinayan, Raman Babu, Juan Burgueño, Akashi Sarma, and Reshmi R. Das
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:QH426-470, Population, Genomics, Plant Science, Biology, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, Zea mays, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, lcsh:SB1-1110, Selection, Genetic, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Droughts, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Genetic gain, Agronomy and Crop Science, Genomic selection, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany, Waterlogging (agriculture)
Abstract: Rapid cycle genomic selection (RC‐GS) helps to shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the costs of phenotyping, thereby increasing genetic gains in terms of both cost and time. We implemented RC‐GS on two multi‐parent yellow synthetic (MYS) populations constituted by intermating ten elite lines involved in each population, including four each of drought and waterlogging tolerant donors and two commercial lines, with proven commercial value. Cycle 1 (C1) was constituted based on phenotypic selection and intermating of the top 5% of 500 S2 families derived from each MYS population, test‐crossed and evaluated across moisture regimes. C1 was advanced to the next two cycles (C2 and C3) by intermating the top 5% selected individuals with high genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for grain yield under drought and waterlogging stress. To estimate genetic gains, population bulks from each cycle were test‐crossed and evaluated across locations under different moisture regimes. Results indicated that the realised genetic gain under drought stress was 0.110 t ha−1 yr−1 and 0.135 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively, for MYS‐1 and MYS‐2. The gain was less under waterlogging stress, where MYS‐1 showed 0.038 t ha−1 yr−1 and MYS‐2 reached 0.113 t ha−1 yr−1. Genomic selection for drought and waterlogging tolerance resulted in no yield penalty under optimal moisture conditions. The genetic diversity of the two populations did not change significantly after two cycles of GS, suggesting that RC‐GS can be an effective breeding strategy to achieve high genetic gains without losing genetic diversity.
Published: 2019

24. ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION AND RISK OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

Author: Tarun Dalia, Maya S. Safarova, Deepak Parashara, Prakash Acharya, Sagar Ranka, and Rajat S. Barua
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Vitamin d supplementation, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Atrial fibrillation, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business, Gastroenterology
Published: 2021
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25. IMPACT OF VITAMIN D ON ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN 25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D DEFICIENT ELDERLY PATIENTS: A STUDY FROM NATIONAL VA DATABASE

Author: Tarun Dalia, Deepak Parashara, Sagar Ranka, Maya S. Safarova, Prakash Acharya, and Rajat S. Barua
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Atrial fibrillation, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2021
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26. Predictors of Worsening Renal Function in Patients Supported with Ventricular Assist Devices

Author: Peter S. Macdonald, S. Barua, K. Kearney, Audrey Adji, Bruno Schnegg, Pankaj Jain, Christopher S. Hayward, C. Bragg, J. Engelman, Kavitha Muthiah, C. Cherrett, S. Conte, and Desiree Robson
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Renal function, Odds ratio, Bleed, medicine.disease, Haemolysis, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, Surgery, Stage (cooking), Transthoracic echocardiogram, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Adverse effect, 1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Kidney disease
Abstract: Purpose Worsening renal function (WRF) in patients supported with ventricular assist devices (VAD) is associated with poor outcomes. Postulated mechanisms include right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, low pulsatility from continuous flow, and chronic haemolysis (CH). We aim to determine whether these predict WRF. Methods Consecutive VAD implants between 2010 - 2019 were analysed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR - ml/min/m2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) were collected until death/transplant to 12-months following implant. Demographics and medications 3-months post-implant were recorded. Adverse events included mortality, gastrointestinal (GI) bleed, ischaemic stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, pump thrombosis and driveline infection at any time until death/transplant.WRF was defined as drop in Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease (KDIGO CKD) stage from baseline to last recorded eGFR. CH defined by elevated LDH. Pulsatility index (PI) derived from mean, peak and trough VAD flows at 1, 3 and 12 months. Results 173 patients included, WRF occurred in 49 patients. WRF was associated with increased GI bleed (odds ratio [OR] 4.41, p=0.02) and ischemic stroke (OR 5.05, p=0.018). WRF occurred less frequently in those on beta-blockers (OR 0.31, p = 0.009) and renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors (OR 0.31, p = 0.009). Although not statistically significant, those with WRF had median higher baseline eGFR (WRF vs. no WRF 68 vs 55, p=0.598). Less profound eGFR improvement at 1 month was seen in patients with WRF (1 vs. 25.5, p = 0.021), resulting in numerically lower eGFR at 1-month in those with WRF (77 vs. 83, p=0.119) respectively. WRF was not predicted by PI, CH or change in RV function on TTE. Conclusion WRF is associated with increased morbidity in patients supported with VAD, although the mechanism for this is unclear. Further studies are required to define CH and low pulsatility to determine their impact on WRF.
Published: 2021
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27. THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN D NORMALIZATION IN U.S. VETERANS

Author: Rajat S. Barua, Olurinde Oni, Sagar Ranka, Prince Sethi, and Prakash Acharya
Subjects: Normalization (statistics), Cardiovascular event, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Urology, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, In patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: The role of vitamin D (vit-D) supplementation on the reduction of cardiovascular event and mortality remains controversial. Recent trials included patients with predominantly normal baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25-OHD) (≥20 ng/ml). Evidence in patients with low baseline levels regarding the
Published: 2020
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28. 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents

Author: Rajat S, Barua, Nancy A, Rigotti, Neal L, Benowitz, K Michael, Cummings, Mohammad-Ali, Jazayeri, Pamela B, Morris, Elizabeth V, Ratchford, Linda, Sarna, Eric C, Stecker, and Barbara S, Wiggins
Subjects: Research Report, Tobacco Use Cessation, Consensus, Advisory Committees, Clinical Decision-Making, Cardiology, Humans, Expert Testimony, United States
Published: 2018

29. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease

Author: Sydne I DiGiacomo, Rajat S. Barua, John A. Ambrose, and Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, environmental tobacco smoke, Disease, Review, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Tobacco smoke, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, cardiovascular disease, Environmental health, Health care, Tobacco, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, plaque biology, Active smoking, thrombosis, Inhalation Exposure, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, United States, smoking cessation, Disease Models, Animal, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chemical constituents, Smoking cessation, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, atherosclerosis, business, cigarettes
Abstract: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its sequelae are among the largest economic and healthcare burdens in the United States and worldwide. The relationship between active smoking and atherosclerosis is well-described in the literature. However, the specific mechanisms by which ETS influences atherosclerosis are incompletely understood. In this paper, we highlight the definition and chemical constituents of ETS, review the existing literature outlining the effects of ETS on atherogenesis and thrombosis in both animal and human models, and briefly outline the public health implications of ETS based on these data.
Published: 2018

30. Normalization of Testosterone Levels After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Not Associated With Reduced Myocardial Infarction in Smokers

Author: Kamal Gupta, John A. Ambrose, Rajat S. Barua, Ram Sharma, Guoqing Chen, Buddhadeb Dawn, Olurinde Oni, George Cherian, Deepak Parashara, Virginia J. Savin, Mukut Sharma, and Rishi Sharma
Subjects: lcsh:R5-920, medicine.medical_specialty, COPD, business.industry, Hazard ratio, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cardiology, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Testosterone replacement, Myocardial infarction, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, Body mass index
Abstract: Objective: To examine the effect of cigarette smoking (CS) status and total testosterone (TT) levels after testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in male smokers and nonsmokers without history of MI and stroke. Participants and Methods: Data from 18,055 males with known CS status and low TT levels who received TRT at the Veterans Health Administration between December 1, 1999, and May 31, 2014, were grouped into (1) current smokers with normalized TT, (2) current smokers with nonnormalized TT, (3) nonsmokers with normalized TT, and (4) nonsmokers with nonnormalized TT. Combined effect of CS status and TT level normalization after TRT on all-cause mortality, MI, and stroke was compared using propensity score–weighted Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Normalization of serum TT levels in nonsmokers was associated with a significant decrease in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=0.526; 95% CI, 0.477-0.581; P
Published: 2018

31. 2.1-O4Explaining the religious disparity and associated risk factors of diabetes in Southern India

Author: S Barua and N Saikia
Subjects: business.industry, Diabetes mellitus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, medicine.disease, business, Demography
Published: 2018
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32. Normalization of testosterone level is associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in men

Author: Virginia J. Savin, John A. Ambrose, Buddhadeb Dawn, Kamal Gupta, Olurinde Oni, Ram Sharma, Guoqing Chen, Mukut Sharma, Rajat S. Barua, Rishi Sharma, and Deepak Parashara
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hormone Replacement Therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Testosterone, Prospective Studies, Myocardial infarction, Prospective cohort study, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Drug Administration Routes, Incidence, Hazard ratio, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Confidence interval, Surgery, Cohort, Androgens, Cardiology, Androgen replacement therapy, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Aims There is a significant uncertainty regarding the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between normalization of total testosterone (TT) after TRT and CV events as well as all-cause mortality in patients without previous history of MI and stroke. Methods and results We retrospectively examined 83 010 male veterans with documented low TT levels. The subjects were categorized into (Gp1: TRT with resulting normalization of TT levels), (Gp2: TRT without normalization of TT levels) and (Gp3: Did not receive TRT). By utilizing propensity score-weighted Cox proportional hazard models, the association of TRT with all-cause mortality, MI, stroke, and a composite endpoint was compared between these groups. The all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.44, confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.46], risk of MI (HR: 0.76, CI 0.63–0.93), and stroke (HR: 0.64, CI 0.43–0.96) were significantly lower in Gp1 ( n = 43 931, median age = 66 years, mean follow-up = 6.2 years) vs. Gp3 ( n = 13 378, median age = 66 years, mean follow-up = 4.7 years) in propensity-matched cohort. Similarly, the all-cause mortality (HR: 0.53, CI 0.50–0.55), risk of MI (HR: 0.82, CI 0.71–0.95), and stroke (HR: 0.70, CI 0.51–0.96) were significantly lower in Gp1 vs. Gp2 ( n = 25 701, median age = 66 years, mean follow-up = 4.6 years). There was no difference in MI or stroke risk between Gp2 and Gp3. Conclusion In this large observational cohort with extended follow-up, normalization of TT levels after TRT was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality, MI, and stroke.
Published: 2015
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33. Normalization of Testosterone Levels After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Associated With Decreased Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation

Author: Vikas Singh, Rajat S. Barua, Rishi Sharma, John A. Ambrose, Ram Sharma, Kamal Gupta, Guoqing Chen, Olurinde Oni, Buddhadeb Dawn, Deepak Parashara, Surineni Kamalakar, and Mukut Sharma
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Databases, Factual, Hormone Replacement Therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Veterans Health, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Arrhythmias, Lower risk, Risk Assessment, Disease-Free Survival, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data Warehousing, Risk Factors, testosterone replacement therapy, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, medicine, Humans, Testosterone, Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Propensity Score, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Original Research, Chi-Square Distribution, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Incidence, Hazard ratio, Retrospective cohort study, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, medicine.disease, United States, Endocrinology, Logistic Models, Propensity score matching, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Chi-squared distribution, Anabolic steroid
Abstract: Background Atrial fibrillation ( AF ) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several small studies have reported that low serum total testosterone ( TT ) levels were associated with a higher incidence of AF . In contrast, it is also reported that anabolic steroid use is associated with an increase in the risk of AF . To date, no study has explored the effect of testosterone normalization on new incidence of AF after testosterone replacement therapy ( TRT ) in patients with low testosterone. Methods and Results Using data from the Veterans Administrations Corporate Data Warehouse, we identified a national cohort of 76 639 veterans with low TT levels and divided them into 3 groups. Group 1 had TRT resulting in normalization of TT levels (normalized TRT ), group 2 had TRT without normalization of TT levels (nonnormalized TRT ), and group 3 did not receive TRT (no TRT ). Propensity score–weighted stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analysis of the data from these groups to determine the association between post‐ TRT levels of TT and the incidence of AF . Group 1 (40 856 patients, median age 66 years) had significantly lower risk of AF than group 2 (23 939 patients, median age 65 years; hazard ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.81–0.99, P =0.0255) and group 3 (11 853 patients, median age 67 years; hazard ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89, P =0.0001). There was no statistical difference between groups 2 and 3 (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.78– 1.0009, P =0.0675) in incidence of AF . Conclusions These novel results suggest that normalization of TT levels after TRT is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of AF .
Published: 2017

34. Proteinuria in Hypertensive Nephropathy: A Review

Author: Kamal Gupta, Virginia J. Savin, Timothy A. Fields, Rajat S. Barua, Surineni Kamalakar, Ellen T. McCarthy, and Rishi Sharma
Subjects: education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Proteinuria, business.industry, Population, Renal function, urologic and male genital diseases, medicine.disease, Nephropathy, Transplantation, Blood pressure, Internal medicine, Hypertensive Nephropathy, medicine, medicine.symptom, education, Intensive care medicine, business, Nephrotic syndrome
Abstract: Hypertension defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 and a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 is anextremely prevalent condition; and it is responsible for significant mortality and morbidity. NHANESdata from 2005-2006 found that nearly 30% of adult US population has HTN; and nearly 8% of the population has undiagnosed HTN. HBP mortality in 2008 was 61,005. Any mentioned mortality in 2008 was 347,689 (NHLBI tabulation of NCHS mortality data). More than 20% of patients with systemic hypertension have chronic renal insufficiency (NHANES). Hypertensive nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplantation or leading to death. The incidence of hypertension is high but only a subset of hypertensive patients progress to frank renal failure. A subset of hypertensive patients develop proteinuria during the course of disease and manifest nephrotic syndrome. This syndrome includes marked proteinuria, edema, and low serum albumin. Neither the incidence nor the clinical significance of proteinuria in hypertension without diabetes is known. Progression to chronic renal failure in some patients is preceded by proteinuria as indicated on “dip-stick” analyses of random urine samples. It appears that proteinuria is likely to increase both prior to and during evident loss of glomerular filtration, but this clinical observation has never been formally confirmed. There is a need for large studies to answer these questions. We also need to focus on the roles that genetic and environmental factors play in development and progression of renal disease in the setting of hypertension and proteinuria.
Published: 2014
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35. 537 Psychosocial burden of skin caner is associated with age and sex

Author: S. Barua, J. Walker, Eunyoung Cho, J. Rhee, and A. Qureshi
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Cell Biology, Dermatology, Age and sex, business, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Psychosocial, Demography
Published: 2019
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36. Spontaneous Hemopericardium with Dabigatran Etexilate

Author: Rajat S. Barua, Deepak Parashara, and Reza Masoomi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Pericardial fluid, Atrial fibrillation, Chest pain, Hemopericardium, medicine.disease, Pericardial effusion, Dabigatran, Pericardiocentesis, Anesthesia, Internal medicine, Cardiac tamponade, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: A 66-year-old male who presented to ED with chest pain associated with shortness of breath. At presentation, he was found to be in atrial fibrillation (A-fib) with Rapid ventricular rate (RVR). A-fib converted spontaneously to Normal sinus rhythm (NSR). However, he remained tachycardic, hypotensive and dyspneic. A stat chest computed tomography scan (CT) was performed and showed large pericardial effusion with Hounsfield units of 12 in the anterior pocket and 21 in the posterior pocket. A beside echocardiography was performed, and was consistent with cardiac tamponade. Pt was taken emergently to cardiac catheterization lab for pericardiocentesis. 500 cc of hemorrhagic pericardial fluid was aspirated, and hemodynamics improved immediately. Approximately 2 weeks prior to the admission, the patient had been started on dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) for newly diagnosed non-valvular paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Key words: Atrial fibrillation, Pardaxa, Oral anticoagulant, Hemopericardium, Dabigatran Etexilate.
Published: 2015
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37. TCT-725 Normalization of Testosterone After Testosterone Replacement Therapy Is Not Associated With Increased Incidence of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a History of Previous Myocardial Infarction

Author: Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri, Rajat S. Barua, and Olurinde Oni
Subjects: Normalization (statistics), medicine.medical_specialty, Adverse outcomes, business.industry, medicine.disease, Recurrent myocardial infarction, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, In patient, Testosterone replacement, Myocardial infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Significant uncertainty exists surrounding adverse outcomes in patients receiving testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We examined the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality in patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels and a prior history of MI. We
Published: 2018
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38. Elimination of neglected tropical diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization

Author: Sujit K. Bhattacharya, Jai P Narain, Lorenzo Savioli, R Bhatia, B Parnell, S Barua, and Aditya P Dash
Subjects: Economic growth, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Psychological intervention, World Health Organization, Elephantiasis, Filarial, Leprosy, Tropical Medicine, medicine, Humans, Poverty, Asia, Southeastern, Lymphatic filariasis, Tropical Climate, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tropical disease, Millennium Development Goals, medicine.disease, Geography, Scale (social sciences), Yaws, Neglected tropical diseases, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Public Health, Policy and Practice, Goals
Abstract: The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which affect the very poor, pose a major public health problem in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). Although more than a dozen NTDs affect the region, over the past five years four of them in particular – leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and yaws – have been targeted for elimination. These four were selected for a number of reasons. First, they affect the WHO South-East Asia Region disproportionately. For example, every year around 67% of all new leprosy cases and 60% of all new cases of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide occur in countries of the region, where as many as 850 million inhabitants are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis. In addition, several epidemiological, technological and historical factors that are unique to the region make each of these four diseases amenable to elimination. Safe and effective tools and interventions to achieve these targets are available and concerted efforts to scale them up, singly or in an integrated manner, are likely to lead to success. The World Health Assembly and the WHO Regional Committee, through a series of resolutions, have already expressed regional and global commitments for the elimination of these diseases as public health problems. Such action is expected to have a quick and dramatic impact on poverty reduction and to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This paper reviews the policy rationale for disease control in the WHO South-East Asia Region, the progress made so far, the lessons learnt along the way, and the remaining challenges and opportunities.
Published: 2010
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39. Geographic Distribution Pattern of Threatened Plants of India and Steps Taken for their Conservation

Author: Raghuvar Tiwary, Dibyendu Adhikari, Prem Singh, O. N. Tiwari, Saroj Kanta Barik, and S. Barua
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Occupancy, Agroforestry, Population size, Population, Endangered species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Threatened species, IUCN Red List, Conservation biology, education, 010606 plant biology & botany, Global biodiversity
Abstract: In spite of its importance in nation-wide conservation planning, comprehensive information on geographic distribution of threatened plants in India is lacking. Even the threat status of these plants is ambiguous and the country’s effort to conserve them is not widely known. A critical analysis of these aspects is essential for identifying gaps in threatened plant conservation. Keeping these in view, we present a review of the existing knowledge on geographic distribution pattern of threatened plants of India, their threat status, and conservation action undertaken to recover these species. Using the available data, we unravel patterns of distribution of these threatened plants in different states of India. When ranking of the families was done based on the total number of species under different threat categories, Orchidaceae (644), Fabaceae (185), Poaceae (164), Rubiaceae (103), Asteraceae (88), Euphorbiaceae (72), Asclepiadaceae (62) and Acanthaceae (60) constituted more than half of the total threatened plant species of India. A review on conservation efforts so far undertaken in different parts of the country revealed that the biodiversity-rich phytogeographic regions such as the Himalayas, North East India, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands had lesser conservation efforts in comparison to the Western Ghats, Vindhyas and Peninsular regions of India. The skewed distribution of threatened plants in different states did not truly reflect their absolute presence or absence; rather it is the result of incomplete survey because of the difficult geomorphological and associated geo-climatic conditions, tough terrain and remote locations. In addition, the current data on threatened plants suffer from methodological shortcomings such as classification without using the population data that are so crucial in modern day threat classification, and lack of long-term observational data. The review emphasizes the use of modern tools such as ecological niche modelling for population inventory, area of occupancy and extent of occurrence, and trends in population size and regeneration for precise threat classification conforming to globally accepted methods (e.g. IUCN version 3.1). The works undertaken through the support of Department of Biotechnology, GoI for conservation of 156 threatened plant species under different disciplines of conservation biology during the past three decades have also been compiled and reviewed. A successfully tested protocol following an integrated approach for threatened species conservation is recommended for future conservation action.
Published: 2018
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40. Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Clot Dynamics and Fibrin Structure

Author: John A. Ambrose, Rajat S. Barua, Cyrus F. Buhari, Grace W. Huang, Fridolin Sy, Usman Javed, Sundararajan Srikanth, and Dennis Margosan
Subjects: Adult, Blood Platelets, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Thrombogenicity, In Vitro Techniques, Fibrinogen, Article, Fibrin, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Abciximab, Humans, Platelet, Blood Coagulation, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Smoking, Thrombosis, medicine.disease, Thromboelastography, Thrombelastography, Endocrinology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, biology.protein, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objectives— The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) on clot dynamics and fibrin architecture and to isolate the relative contribution of platelets and fibrinogen to clot dynamics. Methods and Results— From young healthy males smokers (n=34) and nonsmokers (n=34) a baseline blood was drawn, and smokers had another blood draw after smoking 2 regular cigarettes. Using thromboelastography (TEG) the degree of platelet-fibrin interaction was measured. In additional experiments, abciximab (20 μg/mL) was added to the smokers samples (n=27) to reduce the effects of platelet function from the TEG parameters. The maximum clot strength (G) obtained with abciximab measured mainly the contribution of fibrinogen to clot strength (GF). By subtracting GF from G, the contribution of platelets to clot strength (GP) was presumed. A significant difference was found for all TEG parameters between nonsmokers versus postsmoking and pre- versus postsmoking samples. Postsmoking both GF and GP were significantly higher as compared to presmoking. On electron microscopy and turbidity analysis, postsmoking fibrin clots were significantly different compared to presmoking and nonsmoking samples. Conclusions— Acute CSE changes clot dynamics and alters fibrin architecture. Both functional changes in fibrinogen and platelets appear to contribute to heightened thrombogenicity after acute CSE.
Published: 2010
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41. Spectrophotometric Study of Complexation Equilibria Of Ni(II) with Ammonium-(2'-Amino-3'-Hydroxypyridyl-4'-Azo) Benzene-4-Arsonate and Determination of Ni(II) in Commonly Available Hydrogenated Oils

Author: Y S Varma, S Barua, I Singh, B S Garg and R P Singh
Subjects: lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science
Abstract: Spectrophotometric Study of Complexation Equilibria Of Ni(II) with Ammonium-(2'-Amino-3'-Hydroxypyridyl-4'-Azo) Benzene-4-Arsonate and Determination of Ni(II) in Commonly Available Hydrogenated Oils
Published: 2015

42. A comparison of hardware implementations of the biorthogonal 9/7 DWT: convolution versus lifting

Author: S. Barua, K.A. Kotteri, A.E. Bell, and Joan Carletta
Subjects: Discrete wavelet transform, Finite impulse response, Signal Processing, Electronic engineering, Polyphase system, Filter (signal processing), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Filter bank, Quantization (image processing), Algorithm, Data compression, Image compression, Mathematics
Abstract: The filter bank approach for computing the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which we call the convolution method, can employ either a nonpolyphase or polyphase structure. This work compares filter banks with an alternative polyphase structure for calculating the DWT-the lifting method. We look at the traditional lifting structure and a recently proposed "flipping" structure for implementing lifting. All filter bank structures are implemented on an Altera field-programmable gate array. The quantization of the coefficients (for implementation in fixed-point hardware) plays a crucial role in the performance of all structures, affecting both image compression quality and hardware metrics. We design several quantization methods and compare the best design for each approach: the nonpolyphase filter bank, the polyphase filter bank, the lifting and flipping structures. The results indicate that for the same image compression performance, the flipping structure gives the smallest and fastest, low-power hardware.
Published: 2005
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43. An efficient architecture for lifting-based two-dimensional discrete wavelet transforms

Author: S. Barua, K.A. Kotteri, Joan Carletta, and A.E. Bell
Subjects: Discrete wavelet transform, Cellular architecture, Wavelet transform, Parallel computing, Filter bank, Data flow diagram, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Hardware and Architecture, Architecture, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Field-programmable gate array, Algorithm, Software, Image compression, Mathematics
Abstract: An architecture for the lifting-based two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is presented. The architecture is easily scaled to accommodate different numbers of lifting steps. The architecture has regular data flow and low control complexity, and achieves 100% hardware utilization. Symmetric extension of the image to be transformed is handled in a way that does not require additional computations or clock cycles. The architecture is investigated in terms of hardware parameters such as memory size and number of ports, number of memory accesses, latency, and throughput. The proposed architecture achieves higher throughput and uses less embedded memory than architectures based on convolutional filter banks.
Published: 2005
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44. Studies on heterosis and its relation to genetic divergence in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines

Author: D. Datta, S. P. Das, B. K. Mukherjee, and N. S. Barua
Subjects: Diallel cross, Genetic divergence, Mahalanobis distance, Inbred strain, Genetic distance, Agronomy, Physiology, Heterosis, Genetics, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Zea mays, Hybrid
Abstract: Heterosis and its relation to genetic divergence between the parents was explored in a diallel cross among 8 inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) selected from an array of 32 inbreds, derived from 4 genetically and geographically diverse populations, on the basis of genetic distance deduced through Mahalanobis’ D2 statistic on 20 diagnostic and agronomic traits. Pooled analysis was carried out for calculating heterosis as the error mean squares at the two locations were homogenous. Heterobelteosis was observed in all the traits under study for many crosses. Among the top ten heterotic hybrids, the highest frequency of crosses were with intermediate genetic distance followed by high genetic divergence between the parents. However, a few crosses with low genetic divergence also fell in the category of top 10 hybrids. It was realized that parents with high per se performance and intermediate genetic divergence produced highly heterotic as well as high yielding hybrid.
Published: 2004
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45. The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease

Author: Rajat S. Barua and John A. Ambrose
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, business.industry, Physiology, Inflammation, Disease, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Coronary artery disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Low-density lipoprotein, medicine, Myocardial infarction, Endothelial dysfunction, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Cigarette smoking (CS) continues to be a major health hazard, and it contributes significantly to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cigarette smoking impacts all phases of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction to acute clinical events, the latter being largely thrombotic. Both active and passive (environmental) cigarette smoke exposure predispose to cardiovascular events. Whether there is a distinct direct dose-dependent correlation between cigarette smoke exposure and risk is debatable, as some recent experimental clinical studies have shown a non-linear relation to cigarette smoke exposure. The exact toxic components of cigarette smoke and the mechanisms involved in CS-related cardiovascular dysfunction are largely unknown, but CS increases inflammation, thrombosis, and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Recent experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that cigarette smoke exposure increases oxidative stress as a potential mechanism for initiating cardiovascular dysfunction.
Published: 2004
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46. Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Smoking-Induced Dysfunction of Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis and Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

Author: John A. Ambrose, Lesley-Jane Eales-Reynolds, Mary C. DeVoe, Sudhesh K. Srivastava, and Rajat S. Barua
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Endothelium, Nitric Oxide, medicine.disease_cause, Cell Line, Polyethylene Glycols, Nitric oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alkaloids, Enos, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Enzyme Inhibitors, Protein Kinase C, Benzophenanthridines, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, business.industry, Smoking, Free Radical Scavengers, Tetrahydrobiopterin, Catalase, biology.organism_classification, Biopterin, Coronary Vessels, Phenanthridines, Up-Regulation, Endothelial stem cell, Nitric oxide synthase, Blood, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, Endothelium, Vascular, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Oxidative stress, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background— Our group has previously shown that human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to smokers’ serum decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity in the presence of increased eNOS expression. In the present study, we examined whether these observations extended to human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). In addition, the role of reactive oxygen species in the observed alterations was examined. Methods and Results— HCAECs were incubated with serum from 10 nonsmokers and 15 smokers for 12 hours with or without the addition of either polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD, 300 U/mL), PEG-SOD+PEG-catalase (1000 U/mL), chelerythrine (3 μmol/L), or tetrahydrobiopterin (20 μmol/L). At the end of incubation, NO, eNOS protein, and eNOS activity were measured from the same culture. HCAECs incubated with smokers’ serum alone showed significantly lower NO production ( P P P P P Conclusions— The present study indicates that in vitro, HCAECs show similar changes in NO biosynthesis as human umbilical vein endothelial cells when exposed to smokers’ serum and also confirms that oxidative stress plays a central role in smoking-mediated dysfunction of NO biosynthesis in endothelial cells. Furthermore, these data support other studies suggesting a role for hydrogen peroxide in the upregulation of eNOS.
Published: 2003
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47. Mechanisms of Platelet-Neutrophil Interactions and Effects on Cell Filtration in Septic Shock

Author: Dhanonjoy C. Saha, Linda A. Kirschenbaum, Eric C. Rackow, Daryl Adler, Rajat S. Barua, and Mark E. Astiz
Subjects: Adult, Blood Platelets, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, P-selectin, Neutrophils, medicine.drug_class, Cell Communication, Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, In Vitro Techniques, Biology, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Platelet membrane glycoprotein, Monoclonal antibody, Cell–cell interaction, Antigens, CD, Glycoprotein complex, Internal medicine, Cell Adhesion, medicine, Humans, Platelet, Receptor, Aged, Platelet-poor plasma, CD11b Antigen, Tetraspanin 30, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, Shock, Septic, Molecular biology, P-Selectin, Endocrinology, CD18 Antigens, Case-Control Studies, Emergency Medicine, Female, Filtration
Abstract: We examined the mechanisms and the adhesive molecules mediating platelet-neutrophil adhesion in patients with septic shock. Neutrophils, platelets, and platelet poor plasma (NPPP) were isolated from 12 normal volunteers. Platelets and neutrophils were stimulated with platelet poor plasma (SPPP) removed from 12 patients in septic shock. Cell adhesion was assessed by filtration through 5-microm pore filters and by flow cytometry. Blocking monoclonal antibodies were used against the platelet and neutrophil surface receptors glycoprotein complex IIb/IIla, P-selectin, ICAM-2, CD11a, CD11b, and CD18. The filtration pressure (Pi) of cells suspended in SPPP was significantly greater than that of cells suspended in NPPP (24 +/- 1.0 mmHg vs. 14 +/- 1.0 mmHg; P< 0.05). The difference between the Pi of cells suspended in SPPP or NPPP (deltaPi SPPP-NPPP) in the presence of monoclonal antibodies anti-CD41, anti-CD62P, abciximab, anti-CD11a, anti-CD11b, and anti-CD18 was significantly less than the APi SPPP-NPPP of cell suspensions without the addition of these monoclonal antibodies (P < 0.01). The greatest reduction in Pi occurred when platelet receptor P-selectin was blocked simultaneously with the CD11b receptor on the neutrophil as compared to all other single blocking monoclonal antibodies or combinations of monoclonal antibodies. The mean fluorescence of activated platelet CD63-PE binding to neutrophils suspended in SPPP was significantly greater than that of cells suspended in NPPP (780 +/- 130 Ifu vs. 295 +/- 35 Ifu; P < 0.05). The greatest attenuation in mean fluorescence occurred by blocking the P-selectin receptor on the platelet simultaneously with CD11b receptor on the neutrophil. We conclude that platelet-neutrophil aggregation is increased in septic shock. This aggregation is mediated by the interaction of multiple platelet and neutrophil surface receptors. The platelet receptor P-selectin and the neutrophil receptor CD11b/CD18 appear to play the most important role in these interactions.
Published: 2002
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48. Heavy and light cigarette smokers have similar dysfunction of endothelial vasoregulatory activity

Author: Lesley Jane Eales-Reynolds, John A. Ambrose, Rajat S. Barua, John G. Zervas, Mary C. DeVoe, and Dhanonjoy C. Saha
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Endothelium, biology, business.industry, Vasodilation, biology.organism_classification, Endothelin 1, Nitric oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Basal (phylogenetics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Enos, In vivo, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Brachial artery, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of active cigarette smoking on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) biosynthesis. Background Limited studies have suggested that active cigarette smoking may be associated with a dose-dependent reduction of endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV). The underlying biochemical changes that cause this dose-specific effect, such as changes in the endothelial NO biosynthetic pathway and ET-1 production, have not been examined. Methods Flow- and nitroglycerin-mediated reactivity of the brachial artery were measured in eight nonsmokers, seven light smokers (≤1 pack/week) and eight heavy smokers (≥1 pack/day), and their sera were added to confluent (∼85%) monolayers of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) for 12 h. Basal and substance P-stimulated NO and basal ET-1 production were measured. The HUVECs used for measuring basal NO production were lysed, and both endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression and eNOS activity were determined. Results Serum cotinine level and pack-years of smoking were significantly lower in light smokers compared with heavy smokers (p Conclusions These results indicate light smoking may have similar detrimental effects on EDV and NO biosynthetic pathway as does heavy smoking. These data may have important implications concerning the amount of active cigarette exposure that imparts cardiovascular risk.
Published: 2002
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49. Dysfunctional Endothelial Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis in Healthy Smokers With Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation

Author: Lesley Jane Eales-Reynolds, John G. Zervas, Mary C. DeVoe, John A. Ambrose, Rajat S. Barua, and Dhanonjoy C. Saha
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Brachial Artery, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Endothelium, Cell Survival, Vasodilation, Substance P, Nitric Oxide, Umbilical vein, Nitric oxide, Nitroglycerin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Basal (phylogenetics), Enos, Physiology (medical), medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Brachial artery, Cotinine, Cells, Cultured, Ultrasonography, biology, business.industry, Smoking, Blood Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Enzyme Activation, Nitric oxide synthase, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Linear Models, biology.protein, Endothelium, Vascular, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Blood Flow Velocity, Cell Division
Abstract: Background The mechanisms involved in the dysfunction of both endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) and NO biosynthesis related to smoking are unclear. In this study, EDV was assessed in healthy smokers and nonsmokers in vivo and, using serum from the same individuals, was related to the NO biosynthetic pathway in vitro. Methods and Results Flow-mediated EDV of the brachial artery was measured in 23 male patients (8 nonsmokers and 15 smokers). Serum was collected, added to confluent (≈85%) monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and incubated for 12 hours. Basal and substance P–stimulated NO production was measured. The HUVECs used for measuring basal NO production were lysed, and both endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression and eNOS activity were determined. EDV was lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers ( P P P P P P r =0.54, P r =−0.60, P Conclusions This is the first study to combine an in vivo model with a near-physiological in vitro model to demonstrate an association between decreased NO production and reduced EDV. Cigarette smoking was associated with reduced EDV, NO generation, and eNOS activity in the presence of increased eNOS protein expression.
Published: 2001
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50. Monophosphoryl lipid A stimulated up-regulation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human monocytes in vitro

Author: Lesley-Jane Eales-Reynolds, E. C. Rackow, Rajat S. Barua, Dhanonjoy C. Saha, and Mark E. Astiz
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharide, biology, Superoxide, medicine.medical_treatment, Immunology, Monophosphoryl Lipid A, Stimulation, Cell Biology, Molecular biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cytokine, Biochemistry, chemistry, Catalase, In vivo, biology.protein, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Cell activation
Abstract: The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates is a common response to infectious challenge in vivo. These agents have been implicated in the modulation of cytokine responses and are produced in large amounts in response to endotoxins produced by a number of infectious agents. The antigen-presenting cell activation caused by these lipopolysacchardies (LPS) has been exploited in the use of these agents as adjuvants. In recent years, less-toxic derivatives have been sought. One such agent, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), has been used increasingly in vivo as an adjuvant and as a modulator of the inflammatory process. It is known that this agent modulates the inflammatory response and cytokine production. In addition, we have shown its effect on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates. In this paper, we show that MPL stimulates the release of high levels of superoxide (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the latter being greater than that seen with LPS and appearing to be related to the inability of MPL to stimulate catalase activity. When cells were pretreated with LPS or MPL and subsequently challenged with LPS, the production of O2− and H2O2 was inhibited significantly by LPS and MPL. The concentration of MPL required to induce significant hyporesponsiveness to subsequent LPS challenge was 10 times lower than that of LPS. Hyporesponsiveness was greatest when induced by 10 μg/ml MPL, the same concentration that induced the maximum release of H2O2 in primary stimulation. In addition, we have shown that following MPL pretreatment, LPS stimulation does not cause the loss of cytoplasmic IκBα, which occurs when human monocytes are cultured with LPS. From our results, we propose a model for the reduced toxicity of MPL.
Published: 2001
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