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287 results on '"S. A. Wolf"'

1. Within-limb variation in skin pigmentation does not influence cutaneous vasodilation

Author: Kat G. Fisher, W. Larry Kenney, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Physiology, Physiology (medical)
Abstract: Locally derived endothelial nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the full expression of cutaneous vasodilation responses. Acute ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure attenuates NO-mediated vasodilation of the cutaneous microvasculature. Our findings suggest that in constitutively lightly pigmented skin, variation in skin melanin due to seasonal exposure to UVR does not alter the NO contribution to cutaneous vasodilation. Seasonal UVR exposure does not impact the NO-mediated cutaneous microvascular function.
Published: 2023
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2. Relatively minor influence of individual characteristics on critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) limits during light activity in young adults (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: S. Tony Wolf, George Havenith, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Physiology, Physiology (medical)
Abstract: Our laboratory has recently published a series of papers establishing the upper ambient temperature-humidity thresholds for maintaining heat balance, termed critical environmental limits, in young adults. However, no studies have investigated the relative influence of individual characteristics, such as sex, body size, and aerobic fitness, on those environmental limits. Here, we demonstrate the contributions of sex, body mass, body surface area, and maximal aerobic capacity on critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) limits in young adults.
Published: 2023
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3. Core temperature responses to compensable versus uncompensable heat stress in young adults (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Rachel M. Cottle, Zachary S. Lichter, Daniel J. Vecellio, S. Tony Wolf, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Male, Young Adult, Hot Temperature, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Temperature, Humans, Female, Humidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Heat-Shock Response, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract: With global warming, much attention has been paid to the upper limits of human adaptability. However, the time to reach a generally accepted core temperature criterion (40.2°C) associated with heat-related illness above (uncompensable heat stress) and just below (compensable heat stress) the upper limits for heat balance remains unclear. Forty-eight (22 men/26 women; 23 ± 4 yr) subjects were exposed to progressive heat stress in an environmental chamber during minimal activity (MinAct, 159 ± 34 W) and light ambulation (LightAmb, 260 ± 55 W) in warm-humid (WH; ∼35°C,60% RH) and hot-dry (HD; 43°C-48°C,25% RH) environments until heat stress became uncompensable. For each condition, we compared heat storage (
Published: 2023

4. Skin pigmentation is negatively associated with circulating vitamin D concentration and cutaneous microvascular endothelial function

Author: S. Tony Wolf, Gabrielle A. Dillon, Lacy M. Alexander, Nina G. Jablonski, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Microdialysis, Skin Pigmentation, Nitric Oxide, Vitamin D Deficiency, Interleukin-10, Vasodilation, Young Adult, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Regional Blood Flow, Physiology (medical), Microvessels, Humans, Female, Vitamin D, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Skin
Abstract: Darkly pigmented individuals are at the greatest risk of hypovitaminosis D, which may result in microvascular endothelial dysfunction via reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and/or increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We investigated the associations among skin pigmentation (M-index; skin reflectance spectrophotometry), serum vitamin D concentration [25(OH)D], circulating inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) concentrations, and the NO contribution to local heating-induced cutaneous vasodilation (%NO-mediated vasodilation) in a diversely pigmented cohort of young adults. An intradermal microdialysis fiber was placed in the forearms of 33 healthy adults (14 men/19 women; 18-27 yr; M-index, 30-81 AU) for local delivery of pharmacological agents. Lactated Ringer's solution was perfused through the fiber during local heating-induced (39°C) cutaneous vasodilation. After attaining stable elevated blood flow, 15 mM
Published: 2022
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5. Utility of the Heat Index in defining the upper limits of thermal balance during light physical activity (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Rachel Cottle, Daniel Vecellio, W. Larry Kenney, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Hot Temperature, Ecology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Humidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Exercise
Abstract: Extreme heat events and consequent detrimental heat-health outcomes have been increasing in recent decades and are expected to continue with future climate warming. While many indices have been created to quantify the combined atmospheric contributions to heat, few have been validated to determine how index-defined heat conditions impact human health. However, this subset of indices is likely not valid for all situations and populations nor easily understood and interpreted by health officials and the public. In this study, we compare the ability of thresholds determined from the National Weather Service’s (NWS) Heat Index (HI), the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), and the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) to predict the compensability of human heat stress (upper limits of heat balance) measured as part of the Pennsylvania State University’s Heat Environmental Age Thresholds (PSU HEAT) project. While the WBGT performed the best of the three indices for both minimal activities of daily living (MinAct; 83 W·m−2) and light ambulation (LightAmb; 133 W·m−2) in a cohort of young, healthy subjects, HI was likewise accurate in predicting heat stress compensability in MinAct conditions. HI was significantly correlated with subjects’ perception of temperature and humidity as well as their body core temperature, linking perception of the ambient environment with physiological responses in MinAct conditions. Given the familiarity the public has with HI, it may be better utilized in the expansion of safeguard policies and the issuance of heat warnings during extreme heat events, especially when access to engineered cooling strategies is unavailable.
Published: 2022
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6. Seasonal Tanning-Induced Increases in Skin Pigmentation Do Not Affect Nitric Oxide-Mediated Vasodilation of the Cutaneous Microvasculature

Author: Kat Fisher, W. Larry Kenney, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Physiology
Abstract: Acute ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure reduces nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. Additionally, increased constitutive skin melanin concentrations are associated with reduced NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation. However, the impact of seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin melanin concentration on NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin melanin on the NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation response to local heating. We hypothesized that NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation would be reduced in tanned skin relative to untanned skin. METHODS: Three intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in the ventral upper arm (least sun exposed), ventral forearm (moderately sun exposed), and dorsal forearm (most sun exposed) of seven adults (33 ± 14 yrs; 4M/3F) with light-to-moderate constitutive skin pigmentation. Differences in sun exposure among the sites was confirmed using the melanin-index (M-index; an index of skin pigmentation), measured via skin reflectance spectrophotometry. Lactated Ringer’s solution was perfused through the microdialysis fibers while local heating to 42°C induced cutaneous vasodilation. After attaining a stable plateau in cutaneous blood flow, 15mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor) was perfused at all sites to quantify NO-mediated vasodilation. Red cell flux was measured using laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC=LDF/mean arterial pressure) was calculated for each phase of the local heating response (i.e., baseline, initial peak, local heating plateau, post L-NAME plateau) and expressed as percent maximum (%CVCmax; 28mM sodium nitroprusside + 43°C local heating). RESULTS: M-index was highest (i.e., skin pigmentation was darkest) in the dorsal forearm (50.5 ± 11.8 a.u.) compared to the ventral forearm (37.5 ± 7.4 a.u.; p ≤ 0.03) and upper arm (30.2 ± 5.1 a.u.; p ≤ 0.001). There were no baseline (p ≥ 0.37), initial peak (p ≥ 0.22), post L-NAME plateau (p ≥ 0.12), or maximal CVC (p ≥ 0.23) differences among the three sites. Likewise, the magnitude of the local heating plateau was not different among the three sites (dorsal: 88±17%; ventral: 81±20%; upper: 90±12%; p ≥ 0.16), nor was NO-mediated vasodilation (dorsal: 59±15%; ventral: 54±13%; upper: 55±11.0%; p ≥ 0.79). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in contrast to the effects of acute UVR exposure or a constitutively dark skin pigmentation, seasonal tanning-induced increases in skin pigmentation do not alter NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation responses to local heating. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Published: 2023
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7. Shear rate patterns during flow-mediated dilation in women with endometriosis: preliminary findings

Author: Nathalie Kirby, Auni Williams, Virginia Content, S Tony Wolf, Gabrielle Dillon, Nina Stachenfeld, and Lacy Alexander
Subjects: Physiology
Abstract: Purpose: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder associated with systemic inflammation and arterial stiffness, which may negatively modulate shear stress patterns to promote a pro-atherogenic state, and thus contribute to the elevated cardiovascular disease risk observed in women with the disease. However, shear stress patterns have not previously been examined in this population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether arterial blood flow patterns are altered in women with endometriosis. We hypothesized that women with endometriosis would exhibit disturbed blood flow patterns, characterized by high retrograde shear rates and oscillatory flow as well as reduced anterograde shear rates, as compared with women without the disease. Methods: We examined anterograde and retrograde shear rates, and oscillatory shear index (OSI; |retrograde shear rate|÷[|antegrade shear rate|+|retrograde shear rate|]) in four women with surgically confirmed endometriosis and eight without (mean (SD), 28 (5) years, BMI 24.7 (4.2) kg·m-2) at rest, during hyperemia (60 s post-forearm occlusion at 220 mmHg) and recovery (120-180 s post-occlusion) from flow-mediated dilation using duplex Doppler ultrasound. Shear rates were compared using two-factor (group x phase) linear mixed-effects models with post-hoc corrections for multiple comparisons of three time-points. Results: Endometriosis patients exhibited greater OSI (interaction: p=0.001) at rest (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.095 [0.001, 0.188], p=0.033) and recovery (0.126 [0.034, 0.226], p=0.005), though not during hyperemia ( p>0.999) compared to controls. This was driven by greater retrograde shear (interaction: p=0.013) during recovery (15 sec-1 [2, 28], p=0.002), though retrograde shear did not differ between groups at rest ( p=0.155) or during hyperemia ( p>0.999). Anterograde shear (interaction: p=0.049) was greater in controls than in endometriosis patients during hyperemia (276 sec-1 [61, 613], p=0.026), but not during rest or recovery (both p>0.999). Conclusions: Women with endometriosis exhibited greater oscillatory shear at rest and greater oscillatory and retrograde shear during recovery from flow-mediated dilation, as compared to controls. However, anterograde shear was diminished in endometriosis patients during hyperemia. These data indicate that shear stress patterns are negatively altered in women with endometriosis, which provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology underlying the associated elevated cardiovascular disease risk. National Institutes of Health Grant R01 HL161000 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Published: 2023
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8. Relative influence of individual characteristics on critical WBGT limits in young adults (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: S. Tony Wolf, George Havenith, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Physiology
Abstract: Critical environmental limits are temperature-humidity thresholds above which heat balance cannot be maintained for a given metabolic heat production. This study examined the association between individual characteristics [sex, body surface area (AD), aerobic capacity (V̇O2max; L∙min-1), and body mass (mb)] and critical environmental limits in young adults. Forty-four (20 M/24 F; 23±4 yr) subjects were exposed to progressive heat stress in an environmental chamber at two low net metabolic rates (Mnet); minimal activity (MinAct; Mnet = 160±35 W) and light ambulation (LightAmb; Mnet = 259±54 W). In 2 hot-dry (HD; a = 12 or 16 mmHg) was held constant and dry-bulb temperature (Tdb) was systematically increased. In 2 warm-humid (WH; >50% rh) environments, Tdb was held constant at 34 or 36 °C and Pa was systematically increased. The critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGTcrit) was determined for each condition. There were no sex differences in WBGTcrit for any condition ( p ≥ 0.21). During MinAct, only mb was retained in a backward linear regression model explaining the variance in WBGTcrit in WH (R2adj = 0.08, p < 0.001), whereas mb and V̇O2max were retained for HD environments (R2adj = 0.09, p < 0.001). During LightAmb, mb and AD were retained in the model for both WH (R2adj = 0.46, p < 0.001) and HD environments (R2adj = 0.22; p < 0.001). These data demonstrate the relative importance of individual characteristics on WBGTcrit during low-intensity weight-bearing (LightAmb) and non-weight-bearing (MinAct) activity in extreme thermal environments. This work was supported by NIH R01 AG067471. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Published: 2023
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9. Heart rate responses during progressive heat stress in young, healthy adults (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Rachel Cottle, Kathleen Fisher, S. Tony Wolf, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Physiology
Abstract: As a consequence of climate change, humans are at greater risk for heat-related morbidity and mortality, often secondary to increased cardiovascular strain associated with heat stress. Critical environmental limits (i.e., upper limits for compensable heat stress) have been established based on core temperature (Tc) responses for healthy, young individuals during progressive heat stress at metabolic rates approximating those of activities of daily living. However, it is crucial to understand the specific combinations of temperature and humidity above which cardiovascular strain increases, placing individuals at elevated risk. These upper limits for the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and how they compare to the upper limits for the maintenance of heat balance, have not been investigated. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (1) identify the specific environmental conditions (ambient temperature and humidity) at which elevated cardiovascular strain (i.e., a continuous rise in heart rate) increases and (2) compare the environments at which increases in cardiovascular strain occur relative to those at which a continuous rise in Tc is observed. Forty-five subjects (26 W; 23±4 yrs) were exposed to progressive heat stress in an environmental chamber at two low metabolic rates reflecting minimal activity (MinAct; 159 ± 34 W) or light ambulation (LightAmb; 260 ± 55 W) in warm-humid (~35°C, 50-80%RH) and/or hot-dry (38°C-52°C, This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging Grant T32 AG049676 to the Pennsylvania State University (to R.M.C.) and National Institutes of Health Grant R01 AG067471 (to W.L.K.) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
Published: 2023
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10. Nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous microvascular function is not altered in young adults following mild-to-moderate SARS CoV-2 infection

Author: Gabrielle A. Dillon, S. Tony Wolf, and Lacy M. Alexander
Subjects: Adult, Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Physiology, Microcirculation, COVID-19, skin blood flow, Nitric Oxide, Severity of Illness Index, Vasodilation, Young Adult, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Case-Control Studies, Physiology (medical), microvascular function, Laser-Doppler Flowmetry, Humans, Female, intradermal microdialysis, Enzyme Inhibitors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Research Article, Skin
Abstract: Vascular dysfunction has been reported in adults who have recovered from COVID-19. To date, no studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms of persistent COVID-19-associated vascular dysfunction. Our purpose was to quantify nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation in healthy adults who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. We hypothesized that COVID-19-recovered adults would have impaired NO-mediated vasodilation compared with adults who have not had COVID-19. In methods, we performed a cross-sectional study including 10 (5 men/5 women, 24 ± 4 yr) healthy control (HC) adults who were unvaccinated for COVID-19, 11 (4 men/7 women, 25 ± 6 yr) healthy vaccinated (HV) adults, and 12 (5 men/7 women, 22 ± 3 yr) post-COVID-19 (PC, 19 ± 14 wk) adults. COVID-19 symptoms severity (survey) was assessed. A standardized 39°C local heating protocol was used to assess NO-dependent vasodilation via perfusion (intradermal microdialysis) of 15 mM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester during the plateau of the heating response. Red blood cell flux was measured (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = flux/mmHg) was expressed as a percentage of maximum (28 mM sodium nitroprusside + 43°C). In results, the local heating plateau (HC: 61 ± 20%, HV: 60 ± 19%, PC: 67 ± 19%, P = 0.80) and NO-dependent vasodilation (HC: 77 ± 9%, HV: 71 ± 7%, PC: 70 ± 10%, P = 0.36) were not different among groups. Neither symptom severity (25 ± 12 AU) nor time since diagnosis correlated with the NO-dependent vasodilation (r = 0.46, P = 0.13; r = 0.41, P = 0.19, respectively). In conclusion, healthy adults who have had mild-to-moderate COVID-19 do not have altered NO-mediated cutaneous microvascular function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Healthy young adults who have had mild-to-moderate COVID-19 do not display alterations in nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous microvascular function. In addition, healthy young adults who have COVID-19 antibodies from the COVID-19 vaccinations do not display alterations in nitric oxide-mediated cutaneous microvascular function.
Published: 2022
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11. Critical environmental limits for young, healthy adults (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: S. Tony Wolf, Rachel M. Cottle, Daniel J. Vecellio, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Adult, Male, Hot Temperature, Adolescent, Physiology, Humidity, Thermogenesis, Body Temperature, Young Adult, Stress, Physiological, Physiology (medical), Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Female, Research Article
Abstract: Critical environmental limits are those combinations of ambient temperature and humidity above which heat balance cannot be maintained for a given metabolic heat production, limiting exposure time, and placing individuals at increased risk of heat-related illness. The aim of this study was to establish those limits in young (18–34 yr) healthy adults during low-intensity activity approximating the metabolic demand of activities of daily living. Twenty-five (12 men/13 women) subjects were exposed to progressive heat stress in an environmental chamber at two rates of metabolic heat production chosen to represent minimal activity (MinAct) or light ambulation (LightAmb). Progressive heat stress was performed with either 1) constant dry-bulb temperature (T(db)) and increasing ambient water vapor pressure (P(a)) (P(crit) trials; 36°C, 38°C, or 40°C) or 2) constant P(a) and increasing T(db) (T(crit) trials; 12, 16, or 20 mmHg). Each subject was tested during MinAct and LightAmb in two to three experimental conditions in random order, for a total of four to six trials per participant. Higher metabolic heat production (P < 0.001) during LightAmb compared with MinAct trials resulted in significantly lower critical environmental limits across all P(crit) and T(crit) conditions (all P < 0.001). These data, presented graphically herein on a psychrometric chart, are the first to define critical environmental limits for young adults during activity resembling those of light household tasks or other activities of daily living and can be used to develop guidelines, policy decisions, and evidence-based alert communications to minimize the deleterious impacts of extreme heat events. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Critical environmental limits are those combinations of temperature and humidity above which heat balance cannot be maintained, placing individuals at increased risk of heat-related illness. Those limits have been investigated in young adults during exercise at 30% V̇o(2max), but not during metabolic rates that approximate those of light activities of daily living. Herein, we establish critical environmental limits for young adults at two metabolic rates that reflect activities of daily living and leisurely walking.
Published: 2022
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12. Heat exposure limits for young unacclimatized males and females at low and high humidity

Author: W. Larry Kenney, Thomas Bernard, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Male, Young Adult, Hot Temperature, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Female, Humidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Article, Heat-Shock Response, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract: Little is known about the separate and combined influences of humidity conditions, sex, and aerobic fitness on heat tolerance in unacclimatized males and females. The purpose of the current study was to describe heat tolerance, in terms of critical WBGT (WBGT(crit)), in unacclimatized young males and females in hot-dry (HD) and warm-humid (WH) environments. Eighteen subjects (9 M/9F; 21 ± 2 yr) were tested during exercise at 30% [Formula: see text] O(2max) in a controlled environmental chamber. Progressive heat stress exposures were performed with either (1) constant dry-bulb temperature (T(db)) of 34 and 36°C and increasing ambient water vapor pressure (P(a)) (P(crit) trials; WH); or (2) constant P(a) of 12 and 16mmHg and increasing T(db) (T(crit) trials; HD). Chamber T(db) and P(a), and subject esophageal temperature (T(es)), were continuously monitored throughout each trial. After a 30-min equilibration period, progressive heat stress continued until subject heat balance could no longer be maintained and a clear rise in T(es) was observed. Absolute WBGT(crit) and WBGT(crit) adjusted to a metabolic rate of 300W (WBGT(300)), and the difference between WBGT(crit) and occupational exposure limits (OEL; ΔOEL) was assessed. WBGT(crit), WBGT(300), and ΔOEL were higher in WH compared to HD (p < 0.0001) for females but were the same between environments for males (p ≥ 0.21). WBGT(crit) was higher in females compared to males in WH (p < 0.0001) but was similar between sexes in HD (p = 0.44). When controlling for metabolic rate, WBGT(300) and ΔOEL were higher in males compared to females in WH and HD (both p < 0.0001). When controlling for sex, [Formula: see text] was not associated with WBGT(300) or ΔOEL for either sex (r ≤ 0.12, p ≥ 0.49). These findings suggest that WBGT(crit) is higher in females compared to males in WH, but not HD, conditions. Additionally, the WBGT(crit) is lower in females, but not males, in HD compared to WH conditions.
Published: 2022

13. Examining 'race' in physiology

Author: S. Tony Wolf, W. Larry Kenney, and Nina G. Jablonski
Subjects: Biomedical Research, Social Determinants of Health, Physiology, Cardiovascular health, Ethnic group, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Health outcomes, Cardiovascular System, 03 medical and health sciences, Race (biology), 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), parasitic diseases, Humans, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities, Social constructionism, Health equity, Race Factors, Categorization, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Perspectives
Abstract: Racial disparities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health outcomes are well described, and recent research has shed light on the mechanistic underpinnings of those disparities. However, “race” is a social construct that is poorly defined and continually evolving and is historically based on faulty premises. The continued categorization by race in physiological research suggests that there are inherent differences between races, rather than addressing the specific underlying factors that result in health disparities between groups. The purpose of this Perspectives article is to provide a brief history of the genesis of categorization by race, why such categorization should be reconsidered in physiology research, and offer recommendations to more directly investigate the underlying factors that result in group disparities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health.
Published: 2020
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14. Metabolic link between auxin production and specialized metabolites in Sorghum bicolor

Author: Veronica C Perez, Ru Dai, Breanna Tomiczek, Jorrel Mendoza, Emily S A Wolf, Alexander Grenning, Wilfred Vermerris, Anna K Block, and Jeongim Kim
Subjects: Physiology, Plant Science
Abstract: Aldoximes are amino acid derivatives that serve as intermediates for numerous specialized metabolites including cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, and auxins. Aldoxime formation is mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of the 79 family (CYP79s) that can have broad or narrow substrate specificity. Except for SbCYP79A1, aldoxime biosynthetic enzymes in the cereal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) have not been characterized. This study identified nine CYP79-encoding genes in the genome of sorghum. A phylogenetic analysis of CYP79 showed that SbCYP79A61 formed a subclade with maize ZmCYP79A61, previously characterized to be involved in aldoxime biosynthesis. Functional characterization of this sorghum enzyme using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that SbCYP79A61 catalyzes the production of phenylacetaldoxime (PAOx) from phenylalanine but, unlike the maize enzyme, displays no detectable activity against tryptophan. Additionally, targeted metabolite analysis after stable isotope feeding assays revealed that PAOx can serve as a precursor of phenylacetic acid (PAA) in sorghum and identified benzyl cyanide as an intermediate of PAOx-derived PAA biosynthesis in both sorghum and maize. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SbCYP79A61 produces PAOx in sorghum and may serve in the biosynthesis of other nitrogen-containing phenylalanine-derived metabolites involved in mediating biotic and abiotic stresses.
Published: 2022

15. Correction to: Utility of the Heat Index in defining the upper limits of thermal balance during light physical activity (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Rachel Cottle, Daniel Vecellio, W. Larry Kenney, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Published: 2022
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16. Measurement and QCD analysis of double-differential inclusive jet cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Author: Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Bergauer, T. and Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Escalante Del Valle, A. Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Paulitsch, P. Pitters, F. M. and Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Templ, S. and Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C. -E. Chekhovsky, V. Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V. Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, T. and Kello, T. Lelek, A. Rejeb Sfar, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. and D'Hondt, J. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. and Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. Sahasransu, A. R. and Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. and Kalsi, A. K. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I. and Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. 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Chen, X. Cheng, Y. Cranshaw, D. J. and Hogan, S. Monroy, J. Patterson, J. R. Quach, D. and Reichert, J. Reid, M. Ryd, A. Sun, W. Thom, J. and Wittich, P. Zou, R. Albrow, M. Alyari, M. Apollinari, G. and Apresyan, A. Apyan, A. Banerjee, S. Bauerdick, L. A. T. and Berry, D. Berryhill, J. Bhat, P. C. Burkett, K. and Butler, J. N. Canepa, A. Cerati, G. B. Cheung, H. W. K. and Chlebana, F. Di Petrillo, K. F. Elvira, V. D. Feng, Y. and Freeman, J. Gecse, Z. Gray, L. Green, D. Grunendahl, S. and Gutsche, O. Harris, R. M. Heller, R. Herwig, T. C. and Hirschauer, J. Jayatilaka, B. Jindariani, S. Johnson, M. and Joshi, U. Klijnsma, T. Klima, B. Kwok, K. H. M. Lammel, S. Lincoln, D. Lipton, R. Liu, T. Madrid, C. and Maeshima, K. Mantilla, C. Mason, D. McBride, P. Merkel, P. Mrenna, S. Nahn, S. Ngadiuba, J. O'Dell, V. and Papadimitriou, V. Pedro, K. Pena, C. Prokofyev, O. and Ravera, F. Reinsvold Hall, A. Ristori, L. Sexton-Kennedy, E. and Smith, N. Soha, A. Spalding, W. J. Spiegel, L. and Stoynev, S. Strait, J. Taylor, L. Tkaczyk, S. Tran, N. V. Uplegger, L. Vaandering, E. W. Weber, H. A. Acosta, D. Avery, P. Bourilkov, D. Cadamuro, L. Cherepanov, V. and Errico, F. Field, R. D. Guerrero, D. Joshi, B. M. and Kim, M. Koenig, E. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Lo, K. H. and Matchev, K. Menendez, N. Mitselmakher, G. Muthirakalayil Madhu, A. Rawal, N. Rosenzweig, D. Rosenzweig, S. and Rotter, J. Shi, K. Sturdy, J. Wang, J. Yigitbasi, E. and Zuo, X. Adams, T. Askew, A. Habibullah, R. Hagopian, V. and Johnson, K. F. Khurana, R. Kolberg, T. Martinez, G. and Prosper, H. Schiber, C. Viazlo, O. Yohay, R. Zhang, J. and Baarmand, M. M. Butalla, S. Elkafrawy, T. Hohlmann, M. and Kumar Verma, R. Noonan, D. Rahmani, M. Yumiceva, F. and Adams, M. R. Becerril Gonzalez, H. Cavanaugh, R. Dittmer, S. and Evdokimov, O. Gerber, C. E. Hangal, D. A. Hofman, D. J. and Merrit, A. H. Mills, C. Oh, G. Roy, T. Rudrabhatla, S. Tonjes, M. B. Varelas, N. Viinikainen, J. Wang, X. and Wu, Z. Ye, Z. Alhusseini, M. Dilsiz, K. Gandrajula, R. P. Koseyan, O. K. Merlo, J. -P. Mestvirishvili, A. and Nachtman, J. Ogul, H. Onel, Y. Penzo, A. Snyder, C. and Tiras, E. Amram, O. Blumenfeld, B. Corcodilos, L. Davis, J. Eminizer, M. Gritsan, A. V. Kyriacou, S. Maksimovic, P. Roskes, J. Swartz, M. Vami, T. A. Abreu, A. and Anguiano, J. Baldenegro Barrera, C. Baringer, P. Bean, A. and Bylinkin, A. Flowers, Z. Isidori, T. Khalil, S. and King, J. Krintiras, G. Kropivnitskaya, A. Lazarovits, M. and Le Mahieu, C. Lindsey, C. Marquez, J. Minafra, N. and Murray, M. Nickel, M. Rogan, C. Royon, C. Salvatico, R. and Sanders, S. Schmitz, E. Smith, C. Tapia Takaki, J. D. and Wang, Q. Warner, Z. Williams, J. Wilson, G. Duric, S. Ivanov, A. Kaadze, K. Kim, D. Maravin, Y. and Mitchell, T. Modak, A. Nam, K. Rebassoo, F. Wright, D. and Adams, E. Baden, A. Baron, O. Belloni, A. Eno, S. C. and Hadley, N. J. Jabeen, S. Kellogg, R. G. Koeth, T. and Mignerey, A. C. Nabili, S. Palmer, C. Seidel, M. Skuja, A. Wang, L. Wong, K. Abercrombie, D. Andreassi, G. and Bi, R. Busza, W. Cali, I. A. Chen, Y. D'Alfonso, M. and Eysermans, J. Freer, C. Gomez Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. and Harris, P. Hu, M. Klute, M. Kovalskyi, D. Krupa, J. and Lee, Y. -J. Mironov, C. Paus, C. Rankin, D. Roland, C. and Roland, G. Shi, Z. Stephans, G. S. F. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Wyslouch, B. Chatterjee, R. M. Evans, A. Hiltbrand, J. Jain, Sh. Krohn, M. Kubota, Y. Mans, J. Revering, M. Rusack, R. Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. and Wadud, M. A. Bloom, K. Bryson, M. Chauhan, S. Claes, D. R. Fangmeier, C. Finco, L. Golf, F. Joo, C. and Kravchenko, I. Musich, M. Reed, I. Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. Tabb, W. Yan, F. Zecchinelli, A. G. Agarwal, G. and Bandyopadhyay, H. Hay, L. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. and McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Pekkanen, J. Rappoccio, S. and Williams, A. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. Haddad, Y. and Hortiangtham, A. Li, J. Madigan, G. Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V. Orimoto, T. Parker, A. Skinnari, L. and Tishelman-Charny, A. Wamorkar, T. Wang, B. Wisecarver, A. and Wood, D. Bhattacharya, S. Bueghly, J. Chen, Z. and Gilbert, A. Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. Liu, Y. Odell, N. and Schmitt, M. H. Velasco, M. Band, R. Bucci, R. Cremonesi, M. Das, A. Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. Hildreth, M. and Hurtado Anampa, K. Jessop, C. Lannon, K. Lawrence, J. and Loukas, N. Lutton, D. Marinelli, N. Mcalister, I. and McCauley, T. Mcgrady, C. Mohrman, K. Moore, C. Musienko, Y. Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Townsend, A. Wayne, M. and Wightman, A. Zarucki, M. Zygala, L. Bylsma, B. Cardwell, B. Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. Nunez Ornelas, M. and Wei, K. Winer, B. L. Yates, B. R. Addesa, F. M. and Bonham, B. Das, P. Dezoort, G. Elmer, P. Frankenthal, A. and Greenberg, B. Haubrich, N. Higginbotham, S. and Kalogeropoulos, A. Kopp, G. Kwan, S. Lange, D. Marlow, D. Mei, K. Ojalvo, I. Olsen, J. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Malik, S. Norberg, S. Bakshi, A. S. Barnes, V. E. and Chawla, R. Das, S. Gutay, L. Jones, M. Jung, A. W. and Karmarkar, S. Kondratyev, D. Liu, M. Negro, G. and Neumeister, N. Paspalaki, G. Piperov, S. Purohit, A. and Schulte, J. F. Stojanovic, M. Thieman, J. Wang, F. Xiao, R. Xie, W. Dolen, J. Parashar, N. Baty, A. Carnahan, T. Decaro, M. Dildick, S. Ecklund, K. M. Freed, S. and Gardner, P. Geurts, F. J. M. Kumar, A. Li, W. Padley, B. P. Redjimi, R. Shi, W. Stahl Leiton, A. G. Yang, S. and Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Bodek, A. de Barbaro, P. Demina, R. and Dulemba, J. L. Fallon, C. Ferbel, T. Galanti, M. and Garcia-Bellido, A. Hindrichs, O. Khukhunaishvili, A. Ranken, E. Taus, R. Chiarito, B. Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. and Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. Hart, A. Heindl, M. and Karacheban, O. Laflotte, I. Lath, A. Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. and Stone, R. Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Wang, H. Acharya, H. and Delannoy, A. G. Fiorendi, S. Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. and Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Kamon, T. Kim, H. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. Mueller, R. Overton, D. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. Akchurin, N. and Damgov, J. Hegde, V. Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Lee, S. W. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. Volobouev, I. and Wang, Z. Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Johns, W. Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. and Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M. W. and Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. and Ledovskoy, A. Li, A. Neu, C. Perez Lara, C. E. and Tannenwald, B. White, S. Wolfe, E. Poudyal, N. Black, K. and Bose, T. Caillol, C. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I. and Everaerts, P. Fienga, F. Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. and Herve, A. Hussain, U. Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. and Loveless, R. Madhusudanan Sreekala, J. Mallampalli, A. and Mohammadi, A. Pinna, D. Savin, A. Shang, V. Sharma, V. and Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. and CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A measurement of the inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC at root s = 13TeV is presented. The double-differential cross sections are measured as a function of the jet transverse momentum p(T) and the absolute jet rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar. The anti- k(T) clustering algorithm is used with distance parameter of 0.4 (0.7) in a phase space region with jet p(T) from 97 GeV up to 3.1TeV and vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.0. Data collected with the CMS detector are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.3 fb(-1) (33.5 fb(-1)). The measurement is used in a comprehensive QCD analysis at next-to-next-to-leading order, which results in significant improvement in the accuracy of the parton distributions in the proton. Simultaneously, the value of the strong coupling constant at the Z boson mass is extracted as alpha(S)(m(Z)) = 0.1170 +/- 0.0019. For the first time, these data are used in a standard model effective field theory analysis at next-to-leading order, where parton distributions and the QCD parameters are extracted simultaneously with imposed constraints on the Wilson coefficient c(1) of 4-quark contact interactions.
Published: 2022

17. Validity and reliability of a protocol to establish human critical environmental limits (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Rachel M. Cottle, S. Tony Wolf, Zachary S. Lichter, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Hot Temperature, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Humidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Research Article, Body Temperature, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract: The PSU HEAT protocol has been used to determine critical environmental limits, i.e., those combinations of ambient temperature and humidity above which heat stress becomes uncompensable and core temperature rises continuously. However, no studies have rigorously investigated the reliability and validity of this experimental protocol. Here, we assessed the 1) between-visit reliability and 2) validity of the paradigm. Twelve subjects (5 M/7W; 25 ± 4 yr) completed a progressive heat stress protocol during which they walked on a treadmill (2.2 mph, 3% gradient) in a controllable environmental chamber. After an equilibration period, either dry-bulb temperature (T(db)) was increased every 5 min while ambient water vapor pressure (P(a)) was held constant (T(crit) experiments) or P(a) was increased every 5 min while T(db) was held constant (P(crit) experiments) until an upward inflection in gastrointestinal temperature (T(gi)) was observed. For reliability experiments, 11 subjects repeated the same protocol on a different day. For validity experiments, 10 subjects performed a T(crit) experiment at their previously determined P(crit) or vice versa. The between-visit reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) for critical environmental limits was 0.98. Similarly, there was excellent agreement between original and validity trials for T(crit) (ICC = 0.95) and P(crit) (ICC = 0.96). Furthermore, the wet-bulb temperature at the T(gi) inflection point was not different during reliability (P = 0.78) or validity (P = 0.32) trials compared with original trials. These findings support the reliability and validity of this experimental paradigm for the determination of critical environmental limits for maintenance of human heat balance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The PSU HEAT progressive heat stress protocol has been used to identify critical environmental limits for various populations, clothing ensembles, and metabolic intensities. However, no studies have rigorously investigated the reliability and validity of this experimental model. Here, we demonstrate excellent reliability and validity of the PSU HEAT protocol.
Published: 2021

18. Evaluating the 35°C wet-bulb temperature adaptability threshold for young, healthy subjects (PSU HEAT Project)

Author: Daniel J. Vecellio, S. Tony Wolf, Rachel M. Cottle, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Adult, Hot Temperature, Physiology, Physiology (medical), Temperature, Humans, Humidity, Heat Stress Disorders, Healthy Volunteers, Research Article, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract: A wet-bulb temperature of 35°C has been theorized to be the limit to human adaptability to extreme heat, a growing concern in the face of continued and predicted accelerated climate change. Although this theorized threshold is based in physiological principles, it has not been tested using empirical data. This study examined the critical wet-bulb temperature (T(wb,crit)) at which heat stress becomes uncompensable in young, healthy adults performing tasks at modest metabolic rates mimicking basic activities of daily life. Across six experimentally determined environmental limits, no subject’s T(wb,crit) reached the 35°C limit and all means were significantly lower than the theoretical 35°C threshold. Mean T(wb,crit) values were relatively constant across 36°C –40°C humid environments and averaged 30.55 ± 0.98°C but progressively decreased (higher deviation from 35°C) in hotter, dry ambient environments. T(wb,crit) was significantly associated with mean skin temperature (and a faster warming rate of the skin) due to larger increases in dry heat gain in the hot-dry environments. As sweat rates did not significantly differ among experimental environments, evaporative cooling was outpaced by dry heat gain in hot-dry conditions, causing larger deviations from the theoretical 35°C adaptability threshold. In summary, a wet-bulb temperature threshold cannot be applied to human adaptability across all climatic conditions and where appropriate (high humidity), that threshold is well below 35°C. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to use empirical physiological observations to examine the well-publicized theoretical 35°C wet-bulb temperature limit for human to extreme environments. We find that uncompensable heat stress in humid environments occurs in young, healthy adults at wet-bulb temperatures significantly lower than 35°C. In addition, uncompensable heat stress occurs at widely different wet-bulb temperatures as a function of ambient vapor pressure.
Published: 2021

19. Effect of surficial geology mapping scale on modelled ground ice in Canadian Shield terrain

Author: H. B. O'Neill, S. A. Wolfe, C. Duchesne, and R. J. H. Parker
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Ground ice maps at small scales offer generalized depictions of abundance across broad circumpolar regions. In this paper, the effect of surficial geology mapping scale on modelled ground ice abundance is examined in the Slave Geological Province of the Canadian Shield, a region where the geological and glacial legacy has produced a landscape with significant variation in surface cover. Existing model routines from the Ground ice map of Canada (GIMC) were used with a 1:125 000-scale regional surficial geology compilation and compared to the national outputs, which are based on surficial geology at a 1:5 000 000 scale. Overall, the regional-scale modelling predicts much more ground ice than the GIMC due to greater representation of unconsolidated sediments in the region. Improved modelling accuracy is indicated by comparison of the outputs to empirical datasets due to improved representation of the inherent regional heterogeneity in surficial geology. The results demonstrate that the GIMC significantly underestimates the abundance and distribution of ground ice over Canadian Shield terrain. In areas with limited information on ground ice, regional-scale modelling may provide useful reconnaissance-level information to help guide the field-based investigations required for planning infrastructure development. The use of current small-scale ground ice mapping in risk or cost assessments related to permafrost thaw may significantly influence the accuracy of outputs in areas like the Canadian Shield, where surficial materials range from bedrock to frost-susceptible deposits over relatively short distances.
Published: 2024
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20. Hydration Is More Important Than Exogenous Carbohydrate Intake During Push-to-the-Finish Cycle Exercise in the Heat

Author: Craig W. Berry, S. Tony Wolf, Rachel M. Cottle, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Core (anatomy), cycling, Chemistry, sports drink, carbohydrates, electrolytes, Carbohydrate, medicine.disease, Sports drink, Animal science, Time trial, Sports and Active Living, time-trial, GV557-1198.995, medicine, dairy, Cycle exercise, Dehydration, heat, hydration, Hydration status, Carbohydrate intake, Original Research, Sports
Abstract: Dehydration ≥2% loss of body mass is associated with reductions in performance capacity, and carbohydrate (CHO)-electrolyte solutions (CES) are often recommended to prevent dehydration and provide a source of exogenous carbohydrate during exercise. It is also well established that performance capacity in the heat is diminished compared to cooler conditions, a response attributable to greater cardiovascular strain caused by high skin and core temperatures. Because hydration status, environmental conditions, and carbohydrate availability interact to influence performance capacity, we sought to determine how these factors affect push-to-the-finish cycling performance. Ten young trained cyclists exercised at a moderate intensity (2.5 W·kg−1) in a hot-dry condition [40°C, 20% relative humidity (RH)] until dehydration of ~2% body mass. Subjects then consumed either no fluid (NF) or enough fluid (water, WAT; Gatorade®, GAT; or GoodSport™, GS) to replace 75% of lost body mass over 30 min. After a 30-min light-intensity warm-up (1.5 W·kg−1) in a 35°C, 20% RH environment, subjects then completed a 120-kJ time trial (TT). TT time-to-completion, absolute power, and relative power were significantly improved in WAT (535 ± 214 s, 259 ± 99 W, 3.3 ± 0.9 W·kg−1), GAT (539 ± 226 s, 260 ± 110 W, 3.3 ± 1.0 W·kg−1), and GS (534 ± 238 s, 262 ± 105 W, 3.4 ± 1.0 W·kg−1) compared to NF (631 ± 310 s, 229 ± 96 W, 3.0 ± 0.9 W·kg−1) all (p < 0.01) with no differences between WAT, GAT, and GS, suggesting that hydration is more important than carbohydrate availability during exercise in the heat. A subset of four subjects returned to the laboratory to repeat the WAT, GAT, and GS treatments to determine if between-beverage differences in time-trial performance were evident with a longer TT in thermoneutral conditions. Following dehydration, the ambient conditions in the environmental chamber were reduced to 21°C and 20% RH and subjects completed a 250-kJ TT. All four subjects improved TT performance in the GS trial (919 ± 353 s, 300 ± 100 W, 3.61 ± 0.86 W·kg−1) compared to WAT (960 ± 376 s, 283 ± 91 W, 3.43 ± 0.83 W·kg−1), while three subjects improved TT performance in the GAT trial (946 ± 365 s, 293 ± 103 W, 3.60 ± 0.97 W·kg−1) compared to WAT, highlighting the importance of carbohydrate availability in cooler conditions as the length of a push-to-the-finish cycling task increases.
Published: 2021
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21. Analysis of the structure and function of the epidermal barrier in patients with ichthyoses-clinical and electron microscopical investigations

Author: R. Fölster‐Holst, C. Naß, S. Dähnhardt‐Pfeiffer, and S. Freitag‐Wolf
Subjects: Microscopy, Electron, Infectious Diseases, Netherton Syndrome, Humans, Ichthyosis, Dermatology, Epidermis, Ceramides, Ichthyosis, Lamellar
Abstract: Ichthyoses are pathogenetically characterized by a pronounced disorder of the epidermal barrier. Clinically, hyperkeratosis, severe scaling and erythroderma are present on the entire integument. The time-consuming therapy includes daily baths and the application of skin care products to restore the epidermal barrier.To enhance the knowledge about the structure and function of the epidermal barrier in ichthyoses, we conducted clinical, biophysical and electron microscopical measurements on 46 patients with ichthyoses, including autosomal recessive ichthyoses, keratinopathic ichthyoses, X-chromosomal-recessive ichthyosis and Netherton syndrome.The patients displayed a significantly decreased skin hydration along with unexpectedly low transepidermal waterloss values. Electron microscopical examinations demonstrated a severe occlusion of the epidermis by lipid remnants of skin care products in the stratum corneum. We found decreased intercellular lipid lamellae and an increased undulation of the corneocyte membrane of all ichthyoses, mostly pronounced in Netherton syndrome. The lipid profiles of ichthyoses showed decreased esterified Ω-hydroxy-sphingosine (EOS) ceramide levels.The results demonstrate the extent of the epidermal barrier disruption in ichthyoses. In combination with the knowledge about pathogenetic causes, individually improved therapeutic options can be derived from our results. In the future, the analyses of the organization of intercellular lipid lamellae and corneocyte membrane undulation will enable improved investigations of the epidermal barrier in ichthyoses and may be used to study and evaluate possible effects of topical skin preparations.
Published: 2021

22. Metabolism- and sex-dependent critical WBGT limits at rest and during exercise in the heat

Author: Mireille Folkerts, Hein A.M. Daanen, Rachel M. Cottle, S. Tony Wolf, W. Larry Kenney, Physiology, AMS - Ageing & Vitality, and AMS - Sports
Subjects: Male, Materials science, Hot Temperature, Physiology, Environmental limits, Heat stress, Body Temperature, Young Adult, Heat balance, Physiology (medical), Sex differences, Humans, Body core temperature, Exercise, Rest (physics), Sex Characteristics, Heat losses, Humidity, Thermogenesis, Mechanics, Solar gain, Female, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Body Temperature Regulation, Research Article
Abstract: Critical environmental limits are environmental thresholds above which heat gain exceeds heat loss and body core temperature (Tc) cannot be maintained at equilibrium. Those limits can be represented as critical wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGTcrit), a validated index that represents the overall thermal environment. Little is known about WBGTcrit at rest and during low-to-moderate intensity exercise, or sex differences in WBGTcrit, in unacclimated young adults. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) WBGTcrit progressively decreases as metabolic heat production (Mnet) increases, 2) no sex differences in WBGTcrit occur at rest, and 3) WBGTcrit is lower during absolute-intensity exercise but higher at relative intensities in women than in men. Thirty-six participants [19 men (M)/17 women (W); 23 ± 4 yr] were tested at rest, during light, absolute-intensity exercise (10 W), or during moderate, relative-intensity exercise [30% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max)] in an environmental chamber. Dry-bulb temperature was clamped as relative humidity or ambient water vapor pressure was increased until an upward inflection was observed in Tc (rectal or esophageal temperature). Sex-aggregated WBGTcrit was lower during 10 W (32.9°C ± 1.7°C, P < 0.0001) and 30% V̇o2max (31.6°C ± 1.1°C, P < 0.0001) exercise versus at rest (35.3°C ± 0.8°C), and lower at 30% V̇o2max versus 10 W ( P = 0.01). WBGTcrit was similar between sexes at rest (35.6°C ± 0.8°C vs. 35.0°C ± 0.8°C, P = 0.83), but lower during 10 W (31.9°C ± 1.7°C vs. 34.1°C ± 0.3°C, P < 0.01) and higher during 30% V̇o2max (32.4°C ± 0.8°C vs. 30.8°C ± 0.9°C, P = 0.03) exercise in women versus men. These findings suggest that WBGTcrit decreases as Mnet increases, no sex differences occur in WBGTcrit at rest, and sex differences in WBGTcrit during exercise depend on absolute versus relative intensities.
Published: 2021
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23. Sunscreen or simulated sweat minimizes the impact of acute ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous microvascular function in healthy humans

Author: Sara B. Ferguson, Anna E. Stanhewicz, W. Larry Kenney, Lauren E. Kenney, S. Tony Wolf, and Craig W. Berry
Subjects: Adult, Male, Mean arterial pressure, medicine.medical_specialty, Skin erythema, Adolescent, Erythema, Ultraviolet Rays, Physiology, Health Status, Human skin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, SWEAT, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Forearm, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Sunburn, Endothelial dysfunction, Sweat, Nutrition and Dietetics, integumentary system, business.industry, fungi, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Vasodilation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microvessels, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Sunscreening Agents, Blood Flow Velocity, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Are ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced increases in skin blood flow independent of skin erythema? Does broad-spectrum UVR exposure attenuate NO-mediated cutaneous vasodilatation, and does sunscreen or sweat modulate this response? What are the main findings and their importance? Erythema and vascular responses to UVR are temporally distinct, and sunscreen prevents both responses. Exposure to UVR attenuates NO-mediated vasodilatation in the cutaneous microvasculature; sunscreen or simulated sweat on the skin attenuates this response. Sun over-exposure may elicit deleterious effects on human skin that are separate from sunburn, and sunscreen or sweat on the skin may provide protection. ABSTRACT Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) may result in cutaneous vascular dysfunction independent of erythema (skin reddening). Two studies were designed to differentiate changes in erythema from skin vasodilatation throughout the 8 h after acute broad-spectrum UVR exposure with (+SS) or without SPF-50 sunscreen (study 1) and to examine NO-mediated cutaneous vasodilatation after acute broad-spectrum UVR exposure with or without +SS or simulated sweat (+SW) on the skin (study 2). In both studies, laser-Doppler flowmetry was used to measure red cell flux, and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated (CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure). In study 1, in 14 healthy adults (24 ± 4 years old; seven men and seven women), the skin erythema index and CVC were measured over two forearm sites (UVR only and UVR+SS) before, immediately after and every 2 h for 8 h post-exposure (750 mJ cm-2 ). The erythema index began to increase immediately post-UVR (P
Published: 2019
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24. Skin pigmentation and vitamin D-folate interactions in vascular function: an update

Author: S. Tony Wolf and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultraviolet Rays, Medicine (miscellaneous), Skin Pigmentation, vitamin D deficiency, Article, Melanin, Folic Acid, Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Humans, Vitamin D, Nutrition and Dietetics, integumentary system, Vitamin d supplementation, business.industry, fungi, Metabolism, Micronutrient, medicine.disease, Vitamin D Deficiency, Endocrinology, Folic acid, business, Vascular function
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vitamin D and folate promote vascular endothelial health and may therefore help mitigate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure stimulates cutaneous vitamin D synthesis but degrades the bioactive metabolite of folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF). Skin melanin absorbs UVR, thereby modulating the impact of UVR exposure on vitamin D and 5-MTHF metabolism. This review presents recent findings regarding the inter-relations among UVR, skin pigmentation, folate and vitamin D, and endothelial function. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence for roles of folic acid or vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease endpoints is inconsistent, although preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of both micronutrients for improving endothelial function. Vitamin D deficiency is most prevalent in darkly-pigmented individuals living in relatively low-UVR environments. Conversely, there is a negative relation between accumulated UVR exposure and serum folate concentration in lightly-pigmented adults. The interactions among UVR and bioavailable folate and vitamin D differentially impact endothelial function in differently-pigmented skin. SUMMARY: UVR exposure disparately impacts folate and vitamin D metabolism in differently-pigmented skin depending upon regional UVR intensity and seasonality. These findings present new clinical research questions regarding the interactions among UVR, skin pigmentation, folate and vitamin D bioavailability, and endothelial health.
Published: 2021

25. Effect of inhomogeneities and substrate on the dynamics of the metal-insulator transition inVO2thin films

Author: M. Rodriguez-Vega, M. T. Simons, E. Radue, S. Kittiwatanakul, J. Lu, S. A. Wolf, R. A. Lukaszew, I. Novikova, and E. Rossi
Published: 2015
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26. Skin Pigmentation is Negatively Associated with Both Circulating Vitamin D Concentration and Cutaneous Microvascular Endothelial Function

Author: W. Larry Kenney, Sara B. Ferguson, S. Tony Wolf, Nina G. Jablonski, and Lacy M. Alexander
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Chemistry, Negatively associated, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Function (biology), Biotechnology
Published: 2021
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27. Search for resonant and nonresonant new phenomena in high-mass dilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. and Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Dragicevic, M. Del Valle, A. Escalante Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I Pitters, F. M. Schieck, J. and Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. Makarenko, V and Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. and Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Delcourt, M. Lowette, S. Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. Sahasransu, A. R. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. and Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. and Kalsi, A. K. Lee, K. Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I and Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Cornelis, T. and Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Mestdach, G. Niedziela, M. and Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. and David, P. Delaere, C. Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. and Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. and Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. Wertz, S. Wuyckens, S. Alves, G. A. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Alda Junior, W. L. Ferreira Filho, M. Barroso Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. and Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Figueiredo, D. Matos Herrera, C. Mora Amarilo, K. Mota Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Perez Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. and Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. and Aleksandrov, A. Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. and Iaydjiev, P. Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. and Sultanov, G. Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Petrov, A. Cheng, T. Fang, W. Guo, Q. and Javaid, T. Mittal, M. Wang, H. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. and Bauer, G. Dozen, C. Hu, Z. Martins, J. Wang, Y. and Yi, K. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. and Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z-A Sharma, R. and Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. Ban, Y. Chen, C. and Huang, Q. Levin, A. Li, Q. Lu, M. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. Xiao, J. You, Z. and Gao, X. Okawa, H. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. and Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. Segura Delgado, M. A. and Jaramillo, J. Mejia Guisao, J. Ramirez, F. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Puljak, I Antunovic, Z. and Kovac, M. Sculac, T. Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. and Majumder, D. Roguljic, M. Starodumov, A. Susa, T. and Attikis, A. Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. Konstantinou, S. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. and Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Finger, M. and Finger Jr, M. Jr Kveton, A. Ayala, E. Carrera Jarrin, E. and Abu Zeid, S. Elgammal, S. Khalil, S. Lotfy, A. Mahmoud, M. A. Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. Kadastik, M. Pata, J. Raidal, M. and Veelken, C. Eerola, P. Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. and Osterberg, K. Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. and Havukainen, J. Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. and Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. and Lotti, M. Siikonen, H. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. and Luukka, P. Petrow, H. Tuuva, T. Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. and Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. Lenzi, B. Locci, E. and Malcles, J. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. and Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. Yu, G. B. Ahuja, S. and Beaudette, F. Bonanomi, M. Perraguin, A. Buchot Busson, P. and Charlot, C. Davignon, O. Diab, B. Falmagne, G. and Ghosh, S. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Hakimi, A. Kucher, I and Lobanov, A. Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. Rembser, J. Salerno, R. Sauvan, J. B. Sirois, Y. Zabi, A. and Zghiche, A. Agram, J-L Andrea, J. Apparu, D. Bloch, D. and Bourgatte, G. Brom, J-M Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. and Darej, D. Fontaine, J-C Goerlach, U. Grimault, C. Le Bihan, A-C Van Hove, P. Asilar, E. Beauceron, S. Bernet, C. Boudoul, G. Camen, C. Carle, A. Chanon, N. and Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Jain, Sa Laktineh, I. B. and Lattaud, H. Lesauvage, A. Lethuillier, M. Mirabito, L. and Shchablo, K. Torterotot, L. Touquet, G. Vander Donckt, M. and Viret, S. Bagaturia, I Tsamalaidze, Z. Feld, L. and Klein, K. Lipinski, M. Meuser, D. Pauls, A. Rauch, M. P. and Teroerde, M. Eliseev, D. Erdmann, M. Fackeldey, P. and Fischer, B. Hebbeker, T. Hoepfner, K. Ivone, F. Keller, H. Mastrolorenzo, L. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Mocellin, G. Mondal, S. Mukherjee, S. Noll, D. Novak, A. Pook, T. Pozdnyakov, A. Rath, Y. Reithler, H. Roemer, J. and Schmidt, A. Schuler, S. C. Sharma, A. Wiedenbeck, S. and Zaleski, S. Dziwok, C. Flugge, G. Ahmad, W. Haj and Hlushchenko, O. Kress, T. Nowack, A. Pistone, C. Pooth, O. Roy, D. Sert, H. Stahl, A. Ziemons, T. Petersen, H. Aarup Martin, M. Aldaya Asmuss, P. Babounikau, I and Baxter, S. Behnke, O. Martinez, A. Bermudez Bin Anuar, A. A. and Borras, K. Botta, V Brunner, D. Campbell, A. and Cardini, A. Connor, P. Rodriguez, S. Consuegra Danilov, V and Defranchis, M. M. Didukh, L. Eckerlin, G. Eckstein, D. and Banos, L. I. Estevez Gallo, E. Geiser, A. Giraldi, A. and Grohsjean, A. Guthoff, M. Harb, A. Jafari, A. and Jomhari, N. Z. Jung, H. Kasem, A. Kasemann, M. Kaveh, H. and Kleinwort, C. Knolle, J. Krucker, D. Lange, W. Lenz, T. Lidrych, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Madlener, T. and Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I-A Metwally, J. Meyer, A. B. and Meyer, M. 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Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. and Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thayil, S. A. and Thomas, S. Wang, H. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. Eusebi, R. and Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Kamon, T. Kim, H. Luo, S. and Malhotra, S. Mueller, R. Overton, D. Rathjens, D. and Safonov, A. Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. Hegde, V Kunori, S. and Lamichhane, K. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. and Undleeb, S. Volobouev, I Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Melo, A. Ni, H. and Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. Cummings, G. Hakala, J. and Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Li, A. Neu, C. and Tannenwald, B. Wolfe, E. Karchin, P. E. Poudyal, N. and Thapa, P. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. and Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Everaerts, P. Fienga, F. and Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Hussain, U. and Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, A. Pinna, D. and Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. and Trembath-reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (SM) using electron or muon pairs with high invariant mass. A data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb(-1) is analyzed. No significant deviation is observed with respect to the SM background expectations. Upper limits are presented on the ratio of the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction to dileptons of a new narrow resonance to that of the Z boson. These provide the most stringent lower limits to date on the masses for various spin-1 particles, spin-2 gravitons in the Randall-Sundrum model, as well as spin-1 mediators between the SM and dark matter particles. Lower limits on the ultraviolet cutoff parameter are set both for four-fermion contact interactions and for the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra dimensions. Lepton flavor universality is tested at the TeV scale for the first time by comparing the dimuon and dielectron mass spectra. No significant deviation from the SM expectation of unity is observed.
Published: 2021

28. Search for long-lived particles decaying to jets with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 Te V

Author: Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Bergauer, T. and Dragicevic, M. Del Valle, A. Escalante Fruhwirth, R. and Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I and Pitters, F. M. Schieck, J. Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. and Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C-E Zarucki, M. and Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. Makarenko, V Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Kello, T. Lelek, A. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. Van Remortel, N. and Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. and Lowette, S. Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. and Sahasransu, A. R. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. and Dorney, B. Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. and Lee, K. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. Popov, A. and Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. Wezenbeek, L. Cornelis, T. and Dobur, D. Gruchala, M. Khvastunov, I Mestdach, G. and Niedziela, M. Roskas, C. Skovpen, K. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. Delcourt, M. and Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Lemaitre, V Mondal, K. and Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. Vischia, P. and Wertz, S. Wuyckens, S. Alves, G. A. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Junior, W. L. Alda Das Chagas, E. Belchior Batista and Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Coelho, E. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. Damiao, D. De Jesus and De Souza, S. Fonseca Martins, J. Figueiredo, D. Matos and Herrera, C. Mora Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Teles, P. Rebello and Rosas, L. J. Sanchez Santoro, A. Do Amaral, S. M. Silva and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. De Araujo, F. Torres Da Silva and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Tomei, T. R. Fernandez Perez Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Aleksandrov, A. and Antchev, G. Atanasov, I Hadjiiska, R. Iaydjiev, P. and Misheva, M. Rodozov, M. Shopova, M. Sultanov, G. and Dimitrov, A. Ivanov, T. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. and Petrov, A. Cheng, T. Fang, W. Guo, Q. Mittal, M. and Wang, H. Yuan, L. Ahmad, M. Bauer, G. Hu, Z. Wang, Y. Yi, K. Chapon, E. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Javaid, T. Kapoor, A. Leggat, D. Liao, H. Liu, Z-A Sharma, R. Spiezia, A. Tao, J. Thomas-Wilsker, J. and Wang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, S. Zhao, J. Agapitos, A. and Ban, Y. Chen, C. Huang, Q. Levin, A. Li, Q. Lu, M. Lyu, X. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Wang, D. Wang, Q. and Xiao, J. You, Z. Gao, X. Okawa, H. Xiao, M. Avila, C. Cabrera, A. Florez, C. Fraga, J. Sarkar, A. and Segura Delgado, M. A. Jaramillo, J. Guisao, J. Mejia and Ramirez, F. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Salazar Gonzalez, C. A. and Vanegas Arbelaez, N. Giljanovic, D. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. and Puljak, I Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. Sculac, T. and Brigljevic, V Ferencek, D. Majumder, D. Roguljic, M. and Starodumov, A. Susa, T. Ather, M. W. Attikis, A. and Erodotou, E. Ioannou, A. Kole, G. Kolosova, M. and Konstantinou, S. Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. and Razis, P. A. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, H. Tsiakkouri, D. and Finger, M. Finger, Jr., M. Kveton, A. Tomsa, J. Ayala, E. Jarrin, E. Carrera Elgammal, S. Kamel, A. Ellithi and Khalil, S. Mahmoud, M. A. Mohammed, Y. Bhowmik, S. De Oliveira, A. Carvalho Antunes Dewanjee, R. K. Ehataht, K. and Kadastik, M. Pata, J. Raidal, M. Veelken, C. Eerola, P. and Forthomme, L. Kirschenmann, H. Osterberg, K. and Voutilainen, M. Brucken, E. Garcia, F. Havukainen, J. and Karimaki, V Kim, M. S. Kinnunen, R. Lampen, T. and Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. Siikonen, H. and Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. Luukka, P. Tuuva, T. and Amendola, C. Besancon, M. Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. and Denegri, D. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. and Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. and Lenzi, B. Locci, E. Malcles, J. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Sahin, M. O. Savoy-Navarro, A. Titov, M. Yu, G. B. and Ahuja, S. Beaudette, F. 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Madhusudanan and Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, A. Pinna, D. Savin, A. Shang, V Sharma, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: A search is presented for long-lived particles produced in pairs in proton-proton collisions at the LHC operating at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the period from 2015 through 2018, and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 140 fb(-1). This search targets pairs of long-lived particles with mean proper decay lengths between 0.1 and 100 mm, each of which decays into at least two quarks that hadronize to jets, resulting in a final state with two displaced vertices. No significant excess of events with two displaced vertices is observed. In the context of R-parity violating supersymmetry models, the pair production of long-lived neutralinos, gluinos, and top squarks is excluded at 95% confidence level for cross sections larger than 0.08 fb, masses between 800 and 3000 GeV, and mean proper decay lengths between 1 and 25 mm.
Published: 2021

29. Measurements of the pp -> W-+/-gamma gamma and pp -> Z gamma gamma cross sections at root s=13 TeV and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings

Author: Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J. W. Bergauer, T. and Chatterjee, S. Dragicevic, M. Del Valle, A. Escalante and Fruhwirth, R. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Lechner, L. Liko, D. Mikulec, I Paulitsch, P. Pitters, F. M. Schieck, J. and Schofbeck, R. Spanring, M. Templ, S. Waltenberger, W. and Wulz, C-E Chekhovsky, V Litomin, A. Makarenko, V and Darwish, M. R. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. Kello, T. and Lelek, A. Sfar, H. Rejeb Van Mechelen, P. Van Putte, S. and Van Remortel, N. Blekman, F. Bols, E. S. D'Hondt, J. De Clercq, J. Delcourt, M. El Faham, H. Lowette, S. and Moortgat, S. Morton, A. Muller, D. Sahasransu, A. R. and Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Stylianou, N. and Beghin, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. and Favart, L. Grebenyuk, A. Kalsi, A. K. Lee, K. and Mahdavikhorrami, M. Makarenko, I Moureaux, L. Petre, L. and Popov, A. Postiau, N. Starling, E. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Vannerom, D. and Wezenbeek, L. Fang, W. Gao, X. Cornelis, T. Dobur, D. and Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Mestdach, G. Niedziela, M. and Roskas, C. Samalan, A. Skovpen, K. Tran, T. T. Tytgat, M. Verbeke, W. Vermassen, B. Vit, M. Bethani, A. and Bruno, G. Bury, F. Caputo, C. David, P. Delaere, C. and Donertas, I. S. Giammanco, A. Jaffel, K. Lemaitre, V and Mondal, K. Prisciandaro, J. Taliercio, A. Teklishyn, M. and Vischia, P. Wertz, S. Wuyckens, S. Alves, G. A. Hensel, C. Moraes, A. Alda Junior, W. L. Gallo Pereira, M. Alves and Ferreira Filho, M. Barroso Malbouisson, H. Brandao Carvalho, W. and Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E. M. Da Silveira, G. G. and Damiao, D. De Jesus De Souza, S. Fonseca Figueiredo, D. Matos and Herrera, C. Mora Amarilo, K. Mota Mundim, L. Nogima, H. and Teles, P. Rebello Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. and Sznajder, A. Thiel, M. Da Silva De Araujo, F. Torres and Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Calligaris, L. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Lemos, D. S. Mercadante, P. G. Novaes, S. F. 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N. and Winterbottom, D. Zecchinelli, A. G. Coldham, K. Cole, J. E. and Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Reid, I. D. Teodorescu, L. and Zahid, S. Abdullin, S. Brinkerhoff, A. Caraway, B. and Dittmann, J. Hatakeyama, K. Kanuganti, A. R. McMaster, B. and Pastika, N. Sawant, S. Sutantawibul, C. Wilson, J. and Bartek, R. Dominguez, A. Uniyal, R. Hernandez, A. M. Vargas and Buccilli, A. Cooper, I, S. Di Croce, D. Gleyzer, V, S. and Henderson, C. Perez, C. U. West, C. Akpinar, A. and Albert, A. Arcaro, D. Cosby, C. Demiragli, Z. Fontanesi, E. Gastler, D. Rohlf, J. Salyer, K. Sperka, D. and Spitzbart, D. Suarez, I Tsatsos, A. Yuan, S. Zou, D. and Benelli, G. Burkle, B. Cutts, D. Hadley, M. Heintz, U. and Hogan, J. M. Landsberg, G. Lau, K. T. Lukasik, M. and Luo, J. Narain, M. Sagir, S. Usai, E. Wong, W. Y. and Yan, X. Yu, D. Zhang, W. Bonilla, J. Brainerd, C. and Breedon, R. Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca Chertok, M. and Conway, J. Cox, P. T. Erbacher, R. Haza, G. Jensen, F. and Kukral, O. Lander, R. Mulhearn, M. Pellett, D. and Regnery, B. Taylor, D. Yao, Y. Zhang, F. Bachtis, M. and Cousins, R. Datta, A. Hamilton, D. Hauser, J. Ignatenko, M. Iqbal, M. A. Lam, T. Mccoll, N. Nash, W. A. and Regnard, S. Saltzberg, D. Stone, B. Valuev, V. Burt, K. and Chen, Y. Clare, R. Gary, J. W. Gordon, M. Hanson, G. and Karapostoli, G. Long, O. R. Manganelli, N. Negrete, M. Olmedo Si, W. Wimpenny, S. Zhang, Y. Branson, J. G. and Chang, P. Cittolin, S. Cooperstein, S. Deelen, N. and Duarte, J. Gerosa, R. Giannini, L. Gilbert, D. Guiang, J. Kansal, R. Krutelyov, V Lee, R. Letts, J. and Masciovecchio, M. May, S. Pieri, M. Narayanan, B. V. Sathia and Sharma, V Tadel, M. Vartak, A. Wurthwein, F. Xiang, Y. Yagil, A. Amin, N. Campagnari, C. Citron, M. and Dorsett, A. Dutta, V Incandela, J. Kilpatrick, M. Marsh, B. Mei, H. Oshiro, M. Quinnan, M. Richman, J. and Sarica, U. Stuart, D. Wang, S. Bornheim, A. Cerri, O. and Dutta, I Lawhorn, J. M. Lu, N. Mao, J. Newman, H. B. and Ngadiuba, J. Nguyen, T. Q. Spiropulu, M. Vlimant, J. R. and Wang, C. Xie, S. Zhang, Z. Zhu, R. Y. Pena, C. and Alison, J. An, S. Andrews, M. B. Bryant, P. Ferguson, T. and Harilal, A. Liu, C. Mudholkar, T. Paulini, M. and Sanchez, A. Cumalat, J. P. Ford, W. T. Hassani, A. and MacDonald, E. Patel, R. Perloff, A. Savard, C. Stenson, K. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Alexander, J. Cheng, Y. and Cranshaw, D. J. Hogan, S. Monroy, J. Patterson, J. R. and Quach, D. Reichert, J. Ryd, A. Sun, W. Thom, J. and Wittich, P. Zou, R. Albrow, M. Alyari, M. Apollinari, G. and Apresyan, A. Apyan, A. Bauerdick, L. A. T. Berry, D. and Berryhill, J. Bhat, P. C. Burkett, K. Butler, J. N. and Canepa, A. Cerati, G. B. Cheung, H. W. K. Chlebana, F. and Cremonesi, M. Di Petrillo, K. F. Elvira, V. D. Feng, Y. and Freeman, J. Gecse, Z. Gray, L. Green, D. Grunendahl, S. and Gutsche, O. Harris, R. M. Heller, R. Herwig, T. C. and Hirschauer, J. Jayatilaka, B. Jindariani, S. Johnson, M. and Joshi, U. Klijnsma, T. Klima, B. Kwok, K. H. M. Lammel, S. Lincoln, D. Lipton, R. Liu, T. Madrid, C. and Maeshima, K. Mantilla, C. Mason, D. McBride, P. Merkel, P. Mrenna, S. Nahn, S. O'Dell, V Papadimitriou, V and Pedro, K. Prokofyev, O. Ravera, F. Hall, A. Reinsvold and Ristori, L. Schneider, B. Sexton-Kennedy, E. Smith, N. and Soha, A. Spalding, W. J. Spiegel, L. Stoynev, S. Strait, J. Taylor, L. Tkaczyk, S. Tran, V, N. Uplegger, L. and Vaandering, E. W. Weber, H. A. Acosta, D. Avery, P. and Bourilkov, D. Cadamuro, L. Cherepanov, V Errico, F. and Field, R. D. Guerrero, D. Joshi, B. M. Kim, M. Koenig, E. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Lo, K. H. Matchev, K. and Menendez, N. Mitselmakher, G. Madhu, A. Muthirakalayil and Rawal, N. Rosenzweig, D. Rosenzweig, S. Shi, K. Sturdy, J. Yigitbasi, E. Zuo, X. Adams, T. Askew, A. Diaz, D. Habibullah, R. Hagopian, V Johnson, K. F. Khurana, R. and Kolberg, T. Martinez, G. Prosper, H. Schiber, C. and Yohay, R. Zhang, J. Baarmand, M. M. Butalla, S. and Elkafrawy, T. Hohlmann, M. Verma, R. Kumar Noonan, D. and Rahmani, M. Saunders, M. Yumiceva, F. Adams, M. R. and Gonzalez, H. Becerril Cavanaugh, R. Chen, X. Dittmer, S. and Evdokimov, O. Gerber, C. E. Hangal, D. A. Hofman, D. J. and Merrit, A. H. Mills, C. Oh, G. Roy, T. Rudrabhatla, S. and Tonjes, M. B. Varelas, N. Viinikainen, J. Wang, X. and Wu, Z. Ye, Z. Alhusseini, M. Dilsiz, K. Gandrajula, R. P. Koseyan, O. K. Merlo, J-P Nachtman, J. Ogul, H. and Onel, Y. Penzo, A. Snyder, C. Tiras, E. Amram, O. and Blumenfeld, B. Corcodilos, L. Davis, J. Eminizer, M. and Gritsan, V, A. Kyriacou, S. Maksimovic, P. Roskes, J. and Swartz, M. Vami, T. A. Anguiano, J. Barrera, C. Baldenegro and Baringer, P. Bean, A. Bylinkin, A. Isidori, T. and Khalil, S. King, J. Krintiras, G. Kropivnitskaya, A. and Lindsey, C. Minafra, N. Murray, M. Rogan, C. Royon, C. and Sanders, S. Schmitz, E. Smith, C. Takaki, J. D. Tapia and Williams, J. Wilson, G. Duric, S. Ivanov, A. Kaadze, K. Kim, D. Maravin, Y. Mitchell, T. Modak, A. Nam, K. Rebassoo, F. Wright, D. Adams, E. Baden, A. and Baron, O. Belloni, A. Eno, S. C. Hadley, N. J. Jabeen, S. Kellogg, R. G. Koeth, T. Mignerey, A. C. Nabili, S. and Seidel, M. Skuja, A. Wang, L. Wong, K. Abercrombie, D. Andreassi, G. Bi, R. Brandt, S. Busza, W. Cali, I. A. D'Alfonso, M. Eysermans, J. Ceballos, G. Gomez and Goncharov, M. Harris, P. Hu, M. Klute, M. Kovalskyi, D. and Krupa, J. Lee, Y-J Maier, B. Mironov, C. Paus, C. and Rankin, D. Roland, C. Roland, G. Shi, Z. Stephans, G. S. F. Tatar, K. Wang, Z. Wyslouch, B. Chatterjee, R. M. Evans, A. Hansen, P. Hiltbrand, J. Jain, Sh and Krohn, M. Kubota, Y. Mans, J. Revering, M. Rusack, R. and Saradhy, R. Schroeder, N. Strobbe, N. Wadud, M. A. and Bloom, K. Bryson, M. Claes, D. R. Fangmeier, C. Finco, L. Golf, F. Fernandez, J. R. Gonzalez Joo, C. and Kravchenko, I Musich, M. Reed, I Siado, J. E. Snow, G. R. Tabb, W. Yan, F. Agarwal, G. Bandyopadhyay, H. and Hay, L. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. McLean, C. Nguyen, D. Pekkanen, J. Rappoccio, S. Williams, A. Alverson, G. and Barberis, E. Freer, C. Haddad, Y. Hortiangtham, A. and Li, J. Madigan, G. Marzocchi, B. Morse, D. M. Nguyen, V and Orimoto, T. Parker, A. Skinnari, L. Tishelman-Charny, A. and Wamorkar, T. Wang, B. Wisecarver, A. Wood, D. and Bueghly, J. Chen, Z. Gilbert, A. Gunter, T. Hahn, K. A. and Odell, N. Schmitt, M. H. Velasco, M. Band, R. Bucci, R. Das, A. Dev, N. Goldouzian, R. Hildreth, M. and Anampa, K. Hurtado Jessop, C. Lannon, K. Loukas, N. and Marinelli, N. Mcalister, I McCauley, T. Meng, F. and Mohrman, K. Ruchti, R. Siddireddy, P. Wayne, M. and Wightman, A. Wolf, M. Zarucki, M. Zygala, L. Bylsma, B. and Cardwell, B. Durkin, L. S. Francis, B. Hill, C. and Ornelas, M. Nunez Wei, K. Winer, B. L. Yates, B. R. and Addesa, F. M. Bonham, B. Das, P. Dezoort, G. Elmer, P. and Frankenthal, A. Greenberg, B. Haubrich, N. Higginbotham, S. Kalogeropoulos, A. Kopp, G. Kwan, S. Lange, D. and Lucchini, M. T. Marlow, D. Mei, K. Ojalvo, I Olsen, J. and Palmer, C. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Norberg, S. and Bakshi, A. S. Barnes, V. E. Chawla, R. Das, S. Gutay, L. and Jones, M. Jung, A. W. Karmarkar, S. Liu, M. Negro, G. Neumeister, N. Paspalaki, G. Peng, C. C. Piperov, S. and Purohit, A. Schulte, J. F. Stojanovic, M. Thieman, J. and Wang, F. Xiao, R. Xie, W. Dolen, J. Parashar, N. and Baty, A. Decaro, M. Dildick, S. Ecklund, K. M. Freed, S. and Gardner, P. Geurts, F. J. M. Li, W. Padley, B. P. and Redjimi, R. Shi, W. Leiton, A. G. Stahl Zhang, L. Bodek, A. de Barbaro, P. Demina, R. Dulemba, J. L. Fallon, C. and Ferbel, T. Galanti, M. Garcia-Bellido, A. Hindrichs, O. and Khukhunaishvili, A. Ranken, E. Taus, R. Chiarito, B. and Chou, J. P. Gandrakota, A. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. and Hart, A. Heindl, M. Hughes, E. Kaplan, S. Karacheban, O. and Laflotte, I Lath, A. Montalvo, R. Nash, K. Osherson, M. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. and Thayil, S. A. Thomas, S. Acharya, H. Delannoy, A. G. and Spanier, S. Bouhali, O. Dalchenko, M. Delgado, A. and Eusebi, R. Gilmore, J. Huang, T. Luo, S. Malhotra, S. and Mueller, R. Overton, D. Rathjens, D. Safonov, A. and Akchurin, N. Damgov, J. Hegde, V Kunori, S. Lamichhane, K. Mengke, T. Muthumuni, S. Peltola, T. Volobouev, I and Whitbeck, A. Appelt, E. Greene, S. Gurrola, A. Johns, W. and Melo, A. Ni, H. Padeken, K. Romeo, F. Sheldon, P. and Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. Arenton, M. W. Cox, B. and Cummings, G. Hakala, J. Hirosky, R. Joyce, M. Ledovskoy, A. Li, A. Neu, C. Tannenwald, B. White, S. Wolfe, E. and Poudyal, N. Black, K. Bose, T. Buchanan, J. Caillol, C. Dasu, S. De Bruyn, I Everaerts, P. Fienga, F. and Galloni, C. He, H. Herndon, M. Herve, A. Hussain, U. and Lanaro, A. Loeliger, A. Loveless, R. Sreekala, J. Madhusudanan Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, A. Pinna, D. and Savin, A. Shang, V Smith, W. H. Teague, D. and Trembath-Reichert, S. Vetens, W. CMS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The cross section for W or Z boson production in association with two photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The W -> l nu and Z -> ll decay modes (where l = e, mu) are used to extract the W gamma gamma and Z gamma gamma cross sections in a phase space defined by electron (muon) with transverse momentum larger than 30 GeV and photon transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV. All leptons and photons are required to have absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 2.5. The measured cross sections in this phase space are sigma(W gamma gamma) = 13.6(-1.9)(+1.9) (stat)(-4.0)(+4.0) (syst) +/- 0.08 (PDF + scale) fb and sigma(Z gamma gamma) = 5.41(-0.55)(+0.58) (stat)(-0.70)(+0.64) (syst) +/- 0.06 (PDF + scale) fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set in the framework of an effective field theory with dimension-8 operators.
Published: 2021

30. Thermoregulatory reflex control of cutaneous vasodilation in healthy aging

Author: Jody L. Greaney, S. Tony Wolf, W. Larry Kenney, and Anna E. Stanhewicz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic nervous system, Physiology, Skin blood flow, business.industry, Efferent, Microneurography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Cutaneous vasodilation, medicine, Reflex, Cardiology, Reflex control, Healthy aging, business, Research Paper
Abstract: Reflex cutaneous vasodilation during heating is attenuated in healthy human aging secondary to blunted increases in efferent skin sympathetic nervous system activity (SSNA) and reductions in end-organ sensitivity. Whether age-related alterations in the mean body temperature ([Image: see text] (b)) threshold for increasing SSNA and/or the sensitivity of responses are evident with aging have not been examined. We tested the hypotheses that the T(b) threshold for SSNA and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) would be increased, but the sensitivity would be reduced, with aging. Reflex vasodilation was induced in 13 young (23 ± 3 y) and 13 older (67 ± 7 y) adults using a water-perfused suit to systematically increase mean skin and esophageal temperatures. SSNA (peroneal microneurography) and red cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) in the innervated dermatome were continuously measured. SSNA was normalized to baseline; CVC was normalized as a percentage of maximal CVC. Baseline [Image: see text] (b) was lower in older adults (36.0 ± 0.4°C vs 36.4 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.005). During passive heating, the ∆[Image: see text] (b) thresholds for increasing SSNA and CVC were greater (1.3 ± 0.4°C vs 0.9 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.007 and 1.3 ± 0.4°C vs 0.8 ± 0.3°C; p = 0.002, respectively) in older adults. The slope of the relation between both SSNA (0.31 ± 0.23 vs 0.13 ± 0.10 V⋅s⋅°C (−1); p = 0.01) and CVC (87.5 ± 50.1 vs 32.4 ± 18.1%max⋅°C(−1); p = 0.002) vs [Image: see text] (b) was lower in older adults. The relative [Image: see text] (b) threshold for activation of SSNA and the initiation of reflex cutaneous vasodilation is higher in older adults, and once activated, the sensitivity of both responses is diminished, supporting the concept that the efferent component of the thermoregulatory reflex arc is impaired in healthy aging. Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; CVC: cutaneous vascular conductance; SSNA: skin sympathetic nervous system activity; [Image: see text] (b): mean body temperature; T(es): esophageal temperature; [Image: see text] (sk): mean skin temperature.
Published: 2020

31. Temperature regulation during exercise in the heat: Insights for the aging athlete

Author: W. Larry Kenney, S. Tony Wolf, Lacy M. Alexander, Gabrielle A. Dillon, and Craig W. Berry
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Aging, Hot Temperature, Adolescent, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Competitive athletes, Heat Stress Disorders, Article, Extreme heat, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Risk Factors, medicine, Aerobic exercise, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiac Output, Exercise, Aged, Skin, business.industry, Skin blood flow, 030229 sport sciences, Thermoregulation, Middle Aged, Heat stress, Increased risk, Physical Fitness, Regional Blood Flow, business, Body Temperature Regulation, Physical Conditioning, Human, Sports
Abstract: Objective The purpose of this review is to evaluate the currently-available literature regarding the impact of both primary aging and age-related fitness on thermoregulatory function during exercise in the heat. In so doing, we aim to (1) characterize the influence of fitness in mitigating age-related declines in thermoregulation, (2) address the limitations of prior experimental approaches for investigating age-related thermoregulatory impairments, (3) examine to what extent aerobic fitness can be maintained in the aging athlete, and (4) begin to address the specific environmental conditions in which age-related impairments in thermoregulatory function may place highly active older adults at increased risk for heat-related illness and injury and/or limited performance. Design Mini-review. Methods Review and synthesis of available information. Results The earth’s climate is warming, accompanied by a consequently greater frequency and severity of extreme heat events. At the same time, lifespan is increasing and people of all ages are staying increasingly active. Age-related impairments in thermoregulatory function are well-documented, leading to increased heat-related health risks and reduced exercise/athletic performance for older adults in hot environmental conditions. High aerobic fitness improves body temperature regulation during exercise via augmented sweating and improved cardiovascular function, including cardiac output and skin blood flow, in humans of all ages. Conclusions The masters athlete is better suited for exercise/heat-stress compared to his or her less fit peers. However, while age and thermoregulation in general has been studied extensively, research on the most fit older adults, including highly competitive athletes, is generally lacking.
Published: 2020

32. Four weeks of vitamin D supplementation improves nitric oxide-mediated microvascular function in college-aged African Americans

Author: S. Tony Wolf, Sara B. Ferguson, W. Larry Kenney, Nina G. Jablonski, and Lacy M. Alexander
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, Disease, Nitric Oxide, Nitric oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Humans, Endothelial dysfunction, Vitamin D, Skin, Vitamin d supplementation, business.industry, Age Factors, medicine.disease, Vitamin D Deficiency, Black or African American, Vasodilation, Endocrinology, Antecedent (behavioral psychology), Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Microvessels, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Research Article
Abstract: Reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous vasodilation, secondary to increased oxidative stress, presents in young African American (AA) compared with European American (EA) adults and may be modulated by vitamin D status. We assessed cutaneous microvascular function in 18 young, healthy (21 ± 2 yr; 9 men, 9 women) subjects before (pre, 8 AA, 10 EA) 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day oral vitamin D supplementation and in 13 subjects after (post, 7 AA, 6 EA) 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day oral vitamin D supplementation. Serum vitamin D concentrations [25(OH)D] were measured at each visit. Three intradermal microdialysis fibers placed in the ventral forearm were randomized for treatment with 10 μM Tempol, 100 μM apocynin, or lactated Ringer’s solution (control). Local heating (39°C) induced cutaneous vasodilation; red cell flux was measured at each site (laser-Doppler flowmetry), and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = flux/MAP) was expressed as a percentage of maximum (28 mM sodium nitroprusside, +43°C) for each phase of local heating. After stable elevated blood flow was attained, 15 mM N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor) was perfused at all sites to quantify the NO contribution to cutaneous vasodilation (%NO), calculated as the difference between local heating and l-NAME plateaus. Serum [25(OH)D], the magnitude of the local heating response, and %NO were all lower in AAs versus EAs (P < 0.01). Tempol (P = 0.01), but not apocynin (P ≥ 0.19), improved the local heating response and %NO. Four weeks of supplementation improved serum [25(OH)D], the local heating response, and %NO in AAs (P ≤ 0.04) but not in EAs (P ≥ 0.41). Vitamin D supplementation mitigated endothelial dysfunction, an antecedent to overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), in otherwise healthy, young AA adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelial dysfunction, an antecedent to overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), is observed earlier and more frequently in otherwise healthy African Americans (AAs) when compared with other ethnic groups. Vitamin D may modulate endothelial function, and darkened skin pigmentation increases risk of vitamin D deficiency. We show that 4 wk of 2,000 IU/day vitamin D supplementation improves microvascular responses to local heating in AAs. Ensuring adequate vitamin D status may mitigate development of cardiovascular dysfunction in this at-risk population.
Published: 2020

33. Hydration Efficacy of a Milk Permeate-Based Oral Hydration Solution

Author: Craig W. Berry, Bob Murray, S. Tony Wolf, and W. Larry Kenney
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, sports drink, lcsh:TX341-641, Urine, electrolytes, Plasma volume, Water consumption, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Eating, 0302 clinical medicine, Positive fluid balance, Animals, Humans, Food science, osmolality, Urine output, plasma volume, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, Osmolar Concentration, food and beverages, Water, 030229 sport sciences, Permeation, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Physiological responses, Sports drink, fluid balance, Solutions, Milk, beverage hydration index, dairy, Female, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Blood Chemical Analysis, Food Science
Abstract: Milk permeate is an electrolyte-rich, protein- and fat-free liquid with a similar carbohydrate and mineral content to that of milk. Its hydration efficacy has not been examined. The beverage hydration index (BHI) has been used to compare various beverages to water in terms of post-ingestion fluid balance and retention. Our purpose was to compare the BHI (and related physiological responses) of a novel milk permeate solution (MPS) to that of water and a traditional carbohydrate&ndash, electrolyte solution (CES). Over three visits, 12 young subjects consumed 1 L of water, CES, or MPS. Urine samples were collected immediately post-ingestion and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. BHI was calculated by dividing cumulative urine output after water consumption by cumulative urine output for each test beverage at each time point. The BHI for MPS was significantly higher at all time points compared to water (all p &lt, 0.001) and CES (all p &le, 0.01) but did not differ between CES and water at any time point. Drinking 1 L of MPS resulted in decreased cumulative urine output across the subsequent 4 h compared to water and CES, suggesting that a beverage containing milk permeate is superior to water and a traditional CES at sustaining positive fluid balance post-ingestion.
Published: 2020

34. Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Risk, and Protection in Military and Outdoor Athletes

Author: Lauren E. Kenney, W. Larry Kenney, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Sun protection, Ultraviolet Rays, Sunburn, Sunscreening Agents, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adverse health effect, Environmental health, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Ultraviolet radiation, Exercise, biology, Health consequences, integumentary system, business.industry, Athletes, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Radiation Exposure, biology.organism_classification, Military personnel, Increased risk, Military Personnel, business
Abstract: Over-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is associated with deleterious health effects including, but not limited to, increased risk of skin cancers. Military personnel and those who participate in outdoor exercise or sports represent two potential populations at elevated risk of negative health consequences of UVR exposure, due to large amounts of time spent outdoors, often in harsh UVR environments. Despite exposure to high and/or frequent doses of UVR in recreational and tactical athletes, adequate sun-protection practices are often disregarded or not well understood by many within these at-risk populations, resulting in heightened risk of negative UVR effects. The focus of this review is to examine the available literature regarding UVR exposure, risk of adverse health effects of UVR exposure, and sun protection practices in outdoor exercisers, athletes, and military personnel.
Published: 2020

35. Acute ultraviolet radiation exposure attenuates nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in the cutaneous microvasculature of healthy humans

Author: Nina G. Jablonski, S. Tony Wolf, W. Larry Kenney, and Anna E. Stanhewicz
Subjects: integumentary system, Physiology, Skin blood flow, Vasodilation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, Nitric oxide, Bioavailability, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Physiology (medical), Ultraviolet radiation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is important for nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cutaneous microvascular vasodilation. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation may deplete 5-MTHF, either directly or via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreasing NO-mediated vasodilation. We hypothesized that 1) acute UVB exposure would attenuate NO-dependent cutaneous vasodilation, 2) local perfusion of 5-MTHF or ascorbate (ASC) (antioxidant) would augment NO-dependent vasodilation after UVB, and 3) darker skin pigmentation would be UVB-protective. Intradermal microdialysis fibers ( n = 3) placed in each forearm of 22 healthy young adults (23 ± 1 yr; 8M/14F) locally delivered lactated Ringer’s (control), 5 mM 5-MTHF, or 10 mM ASC. One arm was UVB-exposed (300 mJ/cm2), and the other served as a nonexposed control (CON). Following UVB exposure, a standardized local heating (42°C) protocol induced cutaneous vasodilation. After attaining a plateau blood flow, 15 mM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibiter) was infused at all sites to quantify the NO contribution. Red cell flux was measured at each site by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC = LDF/mean arterial pressure) was expressed as a percentage of maximum (28 mM sodium nitroprusside + 43°C). UVB attenuated NO-mediated vasodilation compared with CON (23.1 ± 3.6 vs. 33.9 ± 3.4%; P = 0.001). Delivery of 5-MTHF or ASC improved NO-mediated vasodilation versus lactated Ringer’s in the UVB-exposed arm (MTHF: 30.1 ± 4.8% vs. 23.1 ± 3.8%; P = 0.03; ASC: 30.9 ± 4.3% vs. 23.1 ± 3.8%; P = 0.02). Neither treatment affected the response in the nonexposed arm ( P ≥ 0.09). Skin pigmentation (melanin index) was not predictive of the UVB response ( P ≥ 0.34). These data suggest that acute UVB exposure attenuates NO-mediated vasodilation via direct and/or ROS-induced reductions in 5-MTHF, independent of skin pigmentation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) contributes to normal healthy function of the human cutaneous microvasculature. Bioavailability of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is important for the production of NO. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, specifically UVB, may deplete cutaneous 5-MTHF, thereby reducing NO-mediated microvascular function. Our findings suggest that acute UVB exposure attenuates NO-mediated vasodilation of the cutaneous microvasculature via degradation of 5-MTHF. These findings advance our understanding of the potential negative health impacts of acute UV exposure.
Published: 2018
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36. Antidepressants during pregnancy

Author: Marlies E. Brouwer, Johannes J. Duvekot, Claudi L H Bockting, Esther M. Knijff, G. S. de Wolf, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, Witte J.G. Hoogendijk, Nina M Molenaar, Huibert Burger, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Quality of Care, Master Evidence Based Practice, APH - Digital Health, Psychiatry, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), and Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD)
Subjects: Male, Nurse Midwives, SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, Peripartum period, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, 030212 general & internal medicine, PHYSICIAN, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Netherlands, RISK, Guideline adherence, Depression, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prenatal Care, Middle Aged, Medication therapy management, Current practice, Respondent, Workforce, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, DISORDERS, 03 medical and health sciences, Antidepressive agents, Physicians, Maternity and Midwifery, GENERAL-PRACTICE, medicine, Humans, EXPOSURE, Medical prescription, METAANALYSIS, HYPERTENSION, business.industry, Guideline, medicine.disease, Additional research, 030227 psychiatry, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, Gynecology, Family medicine, PATTERNS, business
Abstract: Background and objectives: prescription rates of antidepressants during pregnancy range from 2–3% in The Netherlands to 6.2% in the USA. Inconclusive evidence about harms and benefits of antidepressants during pregnancy leads to variation in advice given by gynaecologists and midwives. The objective was to investigate familiarity with, and adherence to the Dutch multidisciplinary guideline on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) use during pregnancy by gynaecologists and midwives in the Netherlands. Methods: an online survey was developed and send to Dutch gynaecologists and midwives. The survey consisted mainly of multiple-choice questions addressing guideline familiarity and current practice of the respondent. Also, caregiver characteristics associated with guideline adherence were investigated. Findings: a total of 178 gynaecologists and 139 midwives responded. Overall familiarity with the Dutch guideline was 92.7%. However, current practice and advice given to patients by caregivers differed substantially, both between gynaecologists and midwives as well as within both professions. Overall guideline adherence was 13.9%. Multivariable logistic regression showed that solely caregiver profession was associated with guideline adherence, with gynaecologists having a higher adherence rate (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.02–4.33) than midwives. Key conclusion: although reported familiarity with the guideline is high, adherence to the guideline is low, possibly resulting in advice to patients that is inconsistent with guidelines and unwanted variation in current practice. Implications for practice: further implementation of the recommendations as given in the guideline should be stimulated. Additional research is needed to examine how gynaecologists and midwives can be facilitated to follow the recommendations of the clinical guideline on SSRI use during pregnancy.
Published: 2018
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37. Associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across early and middle adolescence: Moderation × Preventive intervention

Author: Mark E. Feinberg, Pedro S. A. Wolf, Gabriel L. Schlomer, Cleve Redmond, Richard Spoth, Mark T. Greenberg, H. Harrington Cleveland, and David J. Vandenbergh
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Decision Making, Psychological intervention, Alcohol, Underage Drinking, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Peer Group, Article, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Child, Alcohol dehydrogenase, Schools, biology, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, ADH1B, Peer group, Moderation, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, ADH4, Adolescent Behavior, biology.protein, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract: Data from the in-school sample of the PROSPER preventive intervention dissemination trial were used to investigate associations between alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol use across adolescence, and whether substance misuse interventions in the 6th and 7th grades (targeting parenting, family functioning, social norms, youth decision making, and peer group affiliations) modified associations between these genes and adolescent use. Primary analyses were run on a sample of 1,885 individuals and included three steps. First, we estimated unconditional growth curve models with separate slopes for alcohol use from 6th to 9th grade and from 9th to 12th grade, as well as the intercept at Grade 9. Second, we used intervention condition and three alcohol dehydrogenase genes, 1B (ADH1B), 1C (ADH1C), and 4 (ADH4) to predict variance in slopes and intercept. Third, we examined whether genetic influences on model slopes and intercepts were moderated by intervention condition. The results indicated that the increase in alcohol use was greater in early adolescence than in middle adolescence; two of the genes, ADH1B and ADH1C, significantly predicted early adolescent slope and Grade 9 intercept, and associations between ADH1C and both early adolescent slope and intercept were significantly different across control and intervention conditions.
Published: 2017
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38. The vitamin D-folate hypothesis in human vascular health

Author: W. Larry Kenney and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Vitamin, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Ultraviolet Rays, Human skin, Skin Pigmentation, Review, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Vascular health, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Folic Acid, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Medicine, Humans, Vitamin D, Ultraviolet radiation, Darkened skin, integumentary system, business.industry, fungi, Biological Evolution, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Folic acid, Cardiovascular Diseases, business, Oxidative stress
Abstract: The vitamin D-folate hypothesis has been proposed as an explanation for the evolution of human skin pigmentation. According to this hypothesis, a darkened skin pigment was adapted by early human populations living in equatorial Africa to protect against photodegradation of bioavailable folate by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As humans moved away from the equator to more northern latitudes and occupied regions of lower UVR exposure and greater seasonal variation, however, depigmentation occurred to allow for adequate biosynthesis of vitamin D. Vitamin D and folate are both recognized for their evolutionary importance in healthy pregnancy and early childhood development. More recently, evidence has emerged demonstrating the importance of both vitamin D and folate in vascular health via their effects in reducing oxidative stress and improving nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Thus, populations with darkened skin pigmentation may be at elevated risk of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in low UVR environments due to hypovitaminosis D; particularly important as darkly-pigmented African-Americans represent an at-risk population for cardiovascular disease. Conversely, lightly pigmented populations in high UVR environments may be at risk of deleterious vascular effects of UVR-induced folate degradation. The focus of this review is to explore the currently available literature regarding the potential role of UVR in vascular health via its differential effects on vitamin D and folate metabolism, as well as the interaction between skin pigmentation, genetics, and environment in modulating the vascular influence of UVR exposure.
Published: 2019

39. The Modulating Effects of Sunscreen and Simulated Sweat on Ultraviolet Radiation‐ Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in the Human Cutaneous Vasculature

Author: W. Larry Kenney, Nina G. Jablonski, Sara B. Ferguson, Anna E. Stanhewicz, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: Microdialysis, integumentary system, Erythema, business.industry, fungi, Vasodilation, Cutaneous microcirculation, Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Nitric oxide, SWEAT, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Genetics, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Molecular Biology, Ultraviolet radiation, Oxidative stress, Biotechnology
Abstract: After acute ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation is attenuated in the cutaneous microvasculature, likely via increased oxidative stress. Application of sunscreen to the skin protects from, while sweat on the skin may exacerbate, deleterious effects of UVR, including the erythema. However, it is unknown whether the presence of sunscreen or sweat on the skin influences the effect of UVR exposure on NO-dependent vasodilation, a marker of skin vascular health. Purpose To compare the impact of acute UVR, UVR with sunscreen (+SS), and UVR with simulated sweat (+SW) on NO-mediated vasodilation in the cutaneous microcirculation. We hypothesized that +SS would blunt and +SW would augment the reduction in NO-dependent vasodilation following acute UVR exposure. Methods Three intradermal microdialysis fibers were placed in the ventral skin of the left forearm and a single fiber was placed in the right forearm of 13 healthy adults (24±1 yr; 6M/7F) with mild to moderate skin pig...
Published: 2019
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40. Skin Erythema and Blood Flow Responses to Acute Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure

Author: Imani N. Hill, Anna E. Stanhewicz, W. Larry Kenney, S. Tony Wolf, and Craig W. Berry
Subjects: Skin erythema, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Genetics, Medicine, Blood flow, business, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Ultraviolet radiation, Dermatology, Biotechnology
Published: 2019
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41. Age‐Related Differences in Water and Sodium Handling Following Commercial Hydration Beverage Ingestion

Author: Samuel N. Cheuvront, W. Larry Kenney, Megan M. Clarke, Robert W. Kenefick, Anna E. Stanhewicz, and S. Tony Wolf
Subjects: chemistry, business.industry, Sodium, Age related, Genetics, Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Ingestion, Food science, business, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Published: 2019
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42. Extending Previous cG×I Findings on 5-HTTLPR 's Moderation of Intervention Effects on Adolescent Substance Misuse Initiation

Author: Pedro S. A. Wolf, Gabriel L. Schlomer, Eric P. Tricou, Mark T. Greenberg, Mark E. Feinberg, David J. Vandenbergh, Cleve Redmond, H. Harrington Cleveland, and Richard Spoth
Subjects: Male, Adolescent, Substance-Related Disorders, Intervention effect, Article, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Risk-Taking, 0302 clinical medicine, Adolescent substance, Intervention (counseling), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Substance misuse, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Child, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, 05 social sciences, Moderation, Adolescent Behavior, 5-HTTLPR, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Delivery system, Substance use, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology
Abstract: This study addresses replication in candidate gene × environment interaction (cG×E) research by investigating if the key findings from Brody, Beach, Philibert, Chen, and Murry (2009) can be detected using data (N = 1,809) from the PROSPER substance use preventive intervention delivery system. Parallel to Brody et al., this study tested the hypotheses that substance misuse initiation would increase faster from age 11 to age 14 and be higher at age 14 among: (a) 5-HTTLPR short carrier adolescents versus long homozygotes, (b) control versus intervention adolescents, and (c) 5-HTTLPR short carriers in the control condition versus all other participants. The hypotheses were generally supported and results were consistent with Brody et al.'s cG×I finding. Results are discussed in light of replication issues in cG×E research and implications for intervention.
Published: 2016
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43. Age-related differences in water and sodium handling after commercial hydration beverage ingestion

Author: S. Tony Wolf, W. Larry Kenney, Anna E. Stanhewicz, Megan M. Clarke, Robert W. Kenefick, and Samuel N. Cheuvront
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Physiology, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Eating, Electrolytes, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Age related, Dietary Carbohydrates, Ingestion, Humans, Food science, Exercise, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ions, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Dehydration, Water, Carbohydrate, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Amino acid, Glucose, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Research Article
Abstract: Aging is associated with altered water, electrolyte, and glucose handling. Alternative beverages to those containing carbohydrate (CHO) should be considered for older adults. We hypothesized that reduced sodium (CNa+) and/or water (CH2O) clearance would underlie greater beverage retention in older compared with young adults, secondary to reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We further hypothesized that amino acid (AA)- and CHO-based beverages would promote retention better than water. Over five visits, 12 young (23 ± 3 yr; 7 men, 5 women) and 12 older (67 ± 6 yr; 5 men, 7 women) subjects consumed 1 liter of distilled water or beverages with 6% CHO, 0.46 g/l Na+ [Gatorade (GAT)]; 2.5% CHO, 0.74 g/l Na+ [Pedialyte (PED)]; 5 AA, 1.04 g/l Na+ [enterade (ENT)-5]; or 8 AA, 1.38 g/l Na+ (ENT-8) over 30 min. Blood and urine were collected every hour for 4 h after ingestion; retention, CH2O, and CNa+ were calculated at 2 and 4 h. Additional calculations adjusted CH2O and CNa+ for estimated GFR (eGFR). Water yielded the lowest retention in both groups ( P ≤ 0.02). Retention was higher in older vs. young adults except for ENT-8 at 4 h ( P = 0.73). CH2O was higher for older vs. young adults for GAT at 2 h ( P < 0.01) and GAT and PED at 4 h ( P < 0.01) after ingestion but was otherwise similar between groups. CNa+ was lower in older vs. young adults except for ENT-8 ( P ≥ 0.19). Adjusting for eGFR resulted in higher CH2O for all beverages in older vs. young adults ( P < 0.05) but did not influence CNa+. Older adults may better retain beverages with less Na+ than young adults because of reduced CNa+. AA- and CHO-based electrolyte-rich beverages may similarly promote beverage retention. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Commercially available amino acid (AA)-containing beverages may provide an alternative to traditional carbohydrate (CHO)-containing beverages, particularly for older adults with attenuated water, electrolyte, and glucose handling. We compared beverage retention and free water and sodium clearance between young and older adults after ingestion of water, two CHO-based beverages, and two AA-based beverages. Our data suggest that older adults better retain beverages with less sodium compared with young adults and that AA-based and CHO-based electrolyte-containing beverages similarly promote retention.
Published: 2019

44. A role for endothelin‐A receptors in altered blood flow and pressor responses during exercise in hypertensive adults

Author: S. Tony Wolf, Craig W. Berry, and Gabrielle A. Dillon
Subjects: medicine.hormone, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Eta receptor, business.industry, Extramural, Endothelins, Blood Pressure, Blood flow, Receptor, Endothelin A, Article, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Hypertension, medicine, Humans, Vasoconstrictor Agents, business, Receptor, Endothelin a, Endothelin A Receptors
Abstract: Patients with hypertension can exhibit impaired muscle blood flow and exaggerated increases in blood pressure during exercise. While endothelin (ET)-1 plays a role in regulating blood flow and pressure during exercise in health, little is known about the role of ET-1 in the cardiovascular response to exercise in hypertension. Therefore, eight volunteers diagnosed with hypertension were studied during exercise with either saline or BQ-123 (ET(A) receptor antagonist) infusion following a 2-week withdrawal of anti-hypertensive medications. The common femoral artery and vein were catheterized for drug infusion, blood collection, and blood pressure measurements and leg blood flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Patients exercised at both absolute (0, 5, 10, 15 W) and relative (40, 60, 80 % peak power) intensities. BQ-123 increased blood flow at rest (79±87 ml/min; p=0.03) and augmented the exercise-induced hyperemia at most intensities (80% Saline: Δ3818±1222 vs BQ-123: Δ4812±1469 ml/min; p=0.001). BQ-123 reduced leg MAP at rest (−8±4 mmHg; p
Published: 2020
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45. Negative charge enhancement of near-surface nitrogen vacancy centers by multicolor excitation

Author: Nir Bar-Gill, Idan Meirzada, Y. Hovav, and S. A. Wolf
Subjects: Materials science, Infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Vacancy defect, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Quantum information science, Spin-½, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Diamond, Charge (physics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nitrogen, chemistry, engineering, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract: Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have been identified over the past few years as promising systems for a variety of applications, ranging from quantum information science to magnetic sensing. This relies on the unique optical and spin properties of the negatively charged NV. Many of these applications require shallow NV centers, i.e., NVs that are close (a few nm) to the diamond surface. In recent years there has been increasing interest in understanding the spin and charge dynamics of NV centers under various illumination conditions, specifically under infrared (IR) excitation, which has been demonstrated to have significant impact on the NV centers' emission and charge state. Nevertheless, a full understanding of all experimental data is still lacking, with further complications arising from potential differences between the photodynamics of bulk and shallow NVs. Here we suggest a generalized quantitative model for NV center spin- and charge-state dynamics under both green and IR excitation. We experimentally extract the relevant transition rates, providing a comprehensive model which reconciles all existing experimental results in the literature, except for highly nonlinear regimes. Moreover, we identify key differences between the photodynamics of bulk and shallow NVs, and use them to significantly enhance the initialization fidelity of shallow NVs to the useful negatively charged state.
Published: 2018
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46. Berichte

Author: Klaus Heuer, Bernhard S. T. Wolf, and wbv Media Repository
Subjects: politische Erwachsenenbildung, Erwachsenenbildungseinrichtung, Bildungsarbeit, kulturelle Erwachsenenbildung, Berufliche Bildung, Erwachsenenbildung, Volkshochschule, VHS-Jubiläum, bildungspolitische Debatte
Abstract: Bernhard S. T. Wolf 65 Jahre Europäische Bildungs- und Begegnungszentren (EBZ) Klaus Heuer 'Wir sind im August im Engadin, Sie auch?' - Die schwierigen Aufbaujahre 1957 bis 1962 der Pädagogischen Arbeitsstelle des DVV, heute Deutsches Institut für Erwachsenenbildung Leibniz-Zentrum für Lebenslanges Lernen e. V. (DIE)
Published: 2018
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47. A randomized trial to assess beverage hydration index in healthy older adults

Author: Megan M. Clarke, Samuel N. Cheuvront, W. Larry Kenney, Robert W. Kenefick, S. Tony Wolf, and Anna E. Stanhewicz
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Sodium, Medicine (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Urine, law.invention, Excretion, Beverages, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, Ingestion, Humans, Young adult, Amino Acids, Aged, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dehydration, business.industry, Water, Middle Aged, Water-Electrolyte Balance, Original Research Communications, Glucose, chemistry, Distilled water, Female, business, Blood drawing
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The beverage hydration index (BHI) is a composite measure of fluid balance after consuming a test beverage relative to water. BHI is a relatively new measure that has been explored in young, but not yet older, adults. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in BHI between euhydrated younger and older adults after drinking 4 different commercial beverages. We hypothesized that 1) older subjects would remain in positive fluid balance longer than young subjects after ingestion of each test beverage due to decreased urinary excretion rates, 2) glucose (glu)- and amino acid (AA)-based hydration beverages with sodium would have a BHI greater than water in both groups, and 3) the traditional 2-h postingestion BHI may be inappropriate for older adults. METHODS: On 5 separate visits, 12 young (23 ± 3 yr, 7 M/5F) and 12 older (67 ± 6 yr, 5 M/7F) subjects consumed 1 L of distilled water, G-20 (6% CHO, 20 mmol/L Na(+)), G-45 (2.5% CHO, 45 mmol/L Na(+)), AA-30 (5 AAs, 30 mmol/L Na(+)), or AA-60 (8 AAs, 60 mmol/L Na(+)) over 30 min. Blood and urine samples were collected before ingestion and at 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postingestion with additional venous blood sampling at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min postingestion. RESULTS: In young subjects, BHI increased with increasing beverage Na(+) concentration, and AA-60 had the highest BHI (AA-60 = 1.24 ± 0.10 compared with water = 1.00, P = 0.01). For older subjects, BHI was highest in AA-30 (AA-30; 1.20 ± 0.13 compared with water, P
Published: 2018

48. 117 Serum Level of Musclin Is Elevated Following Severe Burn

Author: J Song, A Clark, R Huebinger, D L Carlson, and S E Wolf
Subjects: Rehabilitation, Emergency Medicine, Surgery
Published: 2019
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49. 56 Treating Hypertrophic Burn Scar with 2940 nm Erbium: YAG Laser Fractional Ablation Improves Scar Characteristics as Measured by Noninvasive Technology

Author: T D Madni, K Lu, P A Nakonezny, J B Imran, H B Cunningham, A T Clark, J E Hoopman, S E Wolf, J M Kenkel, and H A Phelan
Subjects: Rehabilitation, Emergency Medicine, Surgery
Published: 2019
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50. Differences in inhibitory avoidance, cortisol and brain gene expression in TL and AB zebrafish

Author: M. J. S. de Wolf, Remy Manuel, Gert Flik, Jan Zethof, Thamar N.M. Pelgrim, R. van den Bos, Marnix Gorissen, and Wouter Mes
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Danio, biology.organism_classification, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Behavioral Neuroscience, Basal (phylogenetics), Endocrinology, Neurology, Differential learning, Internal medicine, Gene expression, Genetics, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Gene, Cortisol level, Zebrafish
Abstract: Recently, we established an inhibitory avoidance paradigm in Tupfel Long-Fin (TL) zebrafish. Here, we compared task performance of TL fish and fish from the AB strain; another widely used strain and shown to differ genetically and behaviourally from TL fish. Whole-body cortisol and telencephalic gene expression related to stress, anxiety and fear were measured before and 2 h post-task. Inhibitory avoidance was assessed in a 3-day paradigm: fish learn to avoid swimming from a white to a black compartment where a 3V-shock is given: day 1 (first shock), day 2 (second shock) and day 3 (no shock, sampling). Tupfel Long-Fin fish rapidly learned to avoid the black compartment and showed an increase in avoidance-related spatial behaviour in the white compartment across days. In contrast, AB fish showed no inhibitory avoidance learning. AB fish had higher basal cortisol levels and expression levels of stress-axis related genes than TL fish. Tupfel Long-Fin fish showed post-task learning-related changes in cortisol and gene expression levels, but these responses were not seen in AB fish. We conclude that AB fish show higher cortisol levels and no inhibitory avoidance than TL fish. The differential learning responses of these Danio strains may unmask genetically defined risks for stress-related disorders.
Published: 2015
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