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1. The measurements of light high-energy ions in NINA-2 experiment

Author

A. Leonov, M. Cyamukungu, J. Cabrera, P. Leleux, Gh. Grégoire, S. Benck, V. Mikhailov, A. Bakaldin, A. Galper, S. Koldashov, S. Voronov, M. Casolino, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, R. Sparvoli, and M. Ricci

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The flux of energetic light ions at low altitude is both an important input and output for self-consistent calculations of albedo particles resulting from the interaction of trapped and cosmic ray particles, with the upper atmosphere. In addition, data on the flux of light ions are needed to evaluate radiation damages on space-borne instruments and on space mission crews. In spite of that, sources of data on the flux of energetic ions at LEO are roughly limited to the AP-8 model, CREME/CREME96 codes and the SAMPEX, NOAA/TIROS satellites. The existing and operational European SAC-C/ICARE and PROBA-1/SREM instruments could also be potential sources for proton data at LEO. Although AP-8 and SAMPEX/PSB97 may be publicly accessed through the SPENVIS, they exhibit an order of magnitude difference in low altitude proton fluxes and they do not contain helium fluxes. Therefore, improved light ion radiation models are still needed. In this paper we present a procedure to identify and measure the energy of ions that are not stopped in the NINA-2 instrument. Moreover, problems related to particles that cross the instrument in the opposite direction are addressed and shown to be a possible cause of particle misidentification. Measuring fluxes of low abundance elements like energetic helium ions requires a good characterisation of all possible sources of backgrounds in the detector. Hints to determine the several contributions to the background are presented herein and may be applied to extract an order of magnitude of energetic ions fluxes from existing data sets, while waiting for dedicated high performance instruments.

Published
2007
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2. Pitch angle distribution of trapped energetic protons and helium isotope nuclei measured along the Resurs-01 No. 4 LEO satellite

Author

A. Leonov, M. Cyamukungu, J. Cabrera, P. Leleux, J. Lemaire, G. Gregorie, S. Benck, V. Mikhailov, A. Bakaldin, A. Galper, S. Koldashov, S. Voronov, M. Casolino, M. De Pascale, P. Picozza, R. Sparvolli, and M. Ricci

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The NINA detector on board the Resurs-01 No. 4 satellite (835 km, 98° inclination) is equipped with particle trackers based on silicon strip detectors. From the energy deposited in each of its silicon layers the mass, the momentum direction and energy of incident particles have been determined. The resolutions in mass and energy allow identification of H and He isotopes over the 10-50 MeV/n energy range. The angular resolution is about 2.5°. We present the direct measurements of proton and helium isotopes pitch angle distributions derived from Resurs-01 No.4/NINA observations and their variations as functions of (B, L) coordinates and energy. The measurements of trapped helium isotopes spectrum are also presented.

Published
2005
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3. Letter to the Editor Energy spectrum of secondary protons above the atmosphere measured by the instruments NINA and NINA-2

Author

V. Bidoli, M. Casolino, De Pascale, G. Furano, A. Iannucci, A. Morselli, P. Picozza, R. Sparvoli, A. Bakaldin, A. Galper, S. Koldashov, M. Korotkov, A. Leonov, V. Mikhailov, S. Voronov, M. Boezio, V. Bonvicini, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, M. Ambriola, F. Cafagna, M. Circella, C. De Marzo, O. Adriani, P. Papini, P. Spillantini, S. Straulino, E. Vannuccini, M. Ricci, and G. Castellini

Subjects
Science, Physics, QC1-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

In this paper we report on the energy spectrum of protons of albedo origin measured by the instruments NINA and NINA-2 at different geomagnetic locations, and the behaviour of the proton flux as a function of altitude out of the South Atlantic Anomaly. The instrument NINA was used on board the satellite Resurs-01-N4 between 1998 and 1999, at an altitude of about 830 km. The NINA-2 apparatus, on board the satellite MITA, was put into orbit in July 2000, at an altitude of about 450 km. A detailed understanding of the fluxes of charged particles in near Earth orbit is important to reach an accurate theoretical description of the Earth’s magnetic field, but also as input for the calculation of the back-ground for scientific instruments aboard satellites, like the future AGILE and GLAST g astronomy telescopes.Key words. Magnetospheric physics (energetic particles, trapped; instruments and techniques)

Published
2002
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4. The multilayer scintillation detector of high-energy charged particles for satellite experiments

Author

S Koldashov, S Aleksandrin, A Kuznetcov, V Loginov, and A Batischev

Subjects
Physics, History, Photomultiplier, Spacecraft, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Magnetosphere, Electron, Scintillator, Charged particle, Computer Science Applications, Education, Microsecond, Optics, Angular resolution, business
Abstract

We present the detection system of high-energy charged particle telescope-spectrometer for space experiment, which is scheduled to take place on the outside the Russian segment of The International Space Station (ISS) and other spacecrafts and small satellites. One of the scientific objectives of experiment is to study electron beams propagation in the magnetosphere. Such a beam can form in acceleration electrons by high-altitude electrical discharge and are injected in the magnetosphere. The detection system for this experiment is developed on the basis of the multilayer scintillation detector (MSD). The MSD is made by polystyrene plates viewed photomultipliers. It can detect 3-30 MeV intense electron beams (up to~105 cm−2s−1) of up several milliseconds, can measure time profiles with accuracy ~ 1 microsecond and energy spectra of particles evolution. MSD's main parameters: geometric factor ~40 cm2·sr, trigger system time resolution ~20 ns, energy resolution 5-10%, angular resolution ~ 10 grad.

Published
2013

5. PRECISE COSMIC RAYS MEASUREMENTS WITH PAMELA

Author

S. V. Borisov, G. Zampa, S. A. Voronov, N. De Simone, P. Spillantini, E. A. Bogomolov, A. V. Karelin, C. De Santis, William Gillard, Giovanna Jerse, L. Marcelli, A. G. Mayorov, A. Vacchi, Laura Rossetto, V. V. Mikhailov, V. G. Zverev, G. C. Barbarino, G. Osteria, F. Palma, O. Adriani, R. Carbone, S. Bottai, V. Di Felice, N. N. Nikonov, W. Menn, L. Consiglio, Alfonso Monaco, Juan Wu, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, S. Y. Krutkov, M. D. Kheymits, L. A. Grishantseva, M. Bongi, V. V. Malakhov, C. Pizzolotto, M. P. De Pascale, Nicola Mori, V. Bonvicini, Y. T. Yurkin, D. Campana, F. Cafagna, A. Bruno, Y. I. Stozhkov, Maria Teresa Ricci, P. Picozza, Roberto Bellotti, Per Carlson, Mirko Boezio, Marco Casolino, E. Mocchiutti, G. I. Vasilyev, A. N. Kvashnin, M. Simon, S. V. Koldashov, A. A. Leonov, A. M. Galper, Ritabrata Sarkar, G. Castellini, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A., Bruno, O. c., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. k., L., S., Bottai, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. k., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. k., De, C. k., De, N. k., De, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, G. o., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. c., Monaco, N. c., Mori, N. j., K., Osteria, Giuseppe, F. k., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. k., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R. k., Sparvoli, P. c., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, J., Wu, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, Antimatter, Cosmic rays, Dark matter, Solar modulation, Trapped radiation, Engineering (all), PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Engineering, Astronomy, Magnetosphere, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy, law.invention, Positron, Antiproton, law, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment was launched on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The apparatus was designed to conduct precision studies of charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range, from tens of MeV up to several hundred GeV, with unprecedented statistics. In five years of continuous data taking in space, PAMELA accurately measured the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons, as well as protons, electrons and light nuclei, sometimes providing data in unexplored energetic regions. These important results have shed new light in several astrophysical fields like: an indirect search for Dark Matter, a search for cosmological antimatter (anti-Helium), and the validation of acceleration, transport and secondary production models of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Some of the most important items of Solar and Magnetospheric physics were also investigated. Here we present the most recent results obtained by the PAMELA experiment. �� Czech Technical University in Prague, 2013.

Published
2013

6. The PAMELA experiment: light-nuclei selection with stand-alone detectors

Author

V. Malvezzi, C. Pizzolotto, P. Spillantini, E. Mocchiutti, C. De Santis, S. Y. Krutkov, V. Di Felice, Matteo Martucci, Ugo Giaccari, Juan Wu, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. Bonvicini, P. Picozza, Y. I. Stozhkov, S. V. Koldashov, A. G. Mayorov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Alfonso Monaco, G. Castellini, G. I. Vasilyev, Lorenzo Bonechi, V. V. Malakhov, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Riccardo Munini, L. A. Grishantseva, O. Adriani, Ritabrata Sarkar, W. Menn, M. P. De Pascale, Nicola Mori, Giovanna Jerse, A. Bianco, Maria Teresa Ricci, S. A. Voronov, Valerio Formato, A. M. Galper, D. Campana, M. Bongi, N. N. Nikonov, F. Cafagna, N. De Simone, Marco Casolino, E. A. Bogomolov, V. V. Mikhailov, Laura Rossetto, Y. T. Yurkin, S. V. Borisov, A. V. Karelin, Mirko Boezio, R. Carbone, G. C. Barbarino, G. Osteria, Per Carlson, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, F. Palma, Andrea Vacchi, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, V. G. Zverev, S. Bottai, Roberta Sparvoli, M. D. Kheymits, G. Zampa, A D Erlykin, R P Kokoulin, A S Lidvansky, L I Meroshnichenko, M I Panasyuk, A D Panov A W Wolfendale, R., Carbone, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, U., Giaccari, L., Grishantseva, Jerse, Giovanna, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheymit, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Munini, Riccardo, N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, O. c., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. h., Bellotti, A. i., Bianco, E., Bogomolov, S. l., M, A. h., Bruno, M. l., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, V. i., Formato, A., Galper, G. i., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, M. p., Martucci, A., Mayorov, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. h., Monaco, R. i. n, N. k. l, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. l., Palma, P. l., Picozza, C. r., S, S., Ricciarini, R. l., Sparvoli, P. c., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Analysis strategies, Dark matter, Energy ranges, Light nuclei, Magnetic spectrometers, Measurements of, Precise measurements, Propagation models, Space experiments, Time-of-flight system, COSMIC cancer database, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, Cosmic Rays, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Cosmic ray measurement, Positron, Antiproton, law, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Detectors, Experiments, Galaxies, Isotope
Abstract

Launched on the 15th of June 2006, the space experiment PAMELA is providing data showing interesting features in cosmic rays that might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy. In addition, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes are setting strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. PAMELA is also testing cosmic rays acceleration and propagation models through precise measurements of light nuclei and their isotopes. The determination of fluxes and secondary-to-primary ratios is possible for nuclei up to Oxygen in the energy range 200MeV/n – 150 GeV/n. To investigate this important item, PAMELA can use measurements from three main detectors: the magnetic spectrometer, the calorimeter and the Time-of-Flight system. Analysis strategy and performance for nuclei studies using the detectors in stand-alone configuration will be discussed in this work.

Published
2013

7. Cosmic ray electron and positron spectra measured with PAMELA

Author

Alfonso Monaco, S. A. Voronov, Maria Teresa Ricci, V. Bonvicini, G. I. Vasiliev, Y. I. Stozhkov, Roberta Sparvoli, E. A. Bogomolov, P. Picozza, Per Carlson, Laura Rossetto, Giovanna Jerse, L. Consiglio, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Spillantini, S. V. Borisov, V. V. Malakhov, C. Pizzolotto, V. Di Felice, S. Bottai, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, V. Malvezzi, V. G. Zverev, Lorenzo Bonechi, R. Carbone, C. De Santis, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, G. C. Barbarino, F. Cafagna, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, A. G. Mayorov, G. Zampa, D. Campana, N. De Simone, P. Papini, A. Bruno, Marco Casolino, E. Vannuccini, V. V. Mikhailov, G. Castellini, Juan Wu, Y. T. Yurkin, A. V. Karelin, Giuseppe Osteria, F. Palma, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, M. Bongi, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, O. Adriani, W. Menn, S. A. Koldobsky, Mirko Boezio, Nicola Mori, S. V. Koldashov, E. Mocchiutti, V., Mikhailov, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. m., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, G., Jerse, A., Karelin, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobsky, S. Y., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Osteria, Giuseppe, P., Papini, F. m., Palma, M., Pearce, P. m., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R. m., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasiliev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Antiparticle, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Polar orbit, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electrons, Positrons, Tungsten, Particle detector, Cosmic ray electrons, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Magnetic spectrometers, Polar orbit, Propagation models, Wide energy range, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Antimatter, Cosmic rays
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is carried out on board of the satellite Resurs DK1 launched on June 15th 2006 on polar orbit (the inclination is 70, the altitude is 350-600 km). The instrument which consists of magnetic spectrometer, silicon-tungsten imaging electromagnetic calorimeter gives a possibility to measure electron and positron fluxes over wide energy range from hundreds MeVs to hundreds GeVs. Measurements made in June 2006- January 2010 are presented and compared with other results and models. Positron spectrum appears to be harder than standard diffusive propagation models predict.

Published
2013

8. Search for cosmic ray electron-positron anisotropies with the Pamela data

Author

Riccardo Munini, S. Y. Krutkov, A. V. Karelin, G. Osteria, D. Campana, V. Malvezzi, Marco Casolino, A. Bianco, Alfonso Monaco, A. M. Galper, V. G. Zverev, M. P. De Pascale, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. V. Koldashov, P. Picozza, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Roberta Sparvoli, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, Y. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, Maria Teresa Ricci, P. Spillantini, V. Di Felice, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, Matteo Martucci, Lorenzo Bonechi, Juan Wu, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, V. V. Malakhov, Ugo Giaccari, C. De Santis, S. Bottai, M. D. Kheymits, N. Zampa, C. Pizzolotto, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, N. N. Nikonov, Andrea Vacchi, Mirko Boezio, Giovanna Jerse, A. G. Mayorov, M. Bongi, R. Carbone, G. C. Barbarino, G. Zampa, L. A. Grishantseva, O. Adriani, W. Menn, G. I. Vasilyev, Nicola Mori, S. V. Borisov, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, Ritabrata Sarkar, Valerio Formato, G. Castellini, Per Carlson, N. De Simone, D., Campana, U., Giaccari, O. c., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, A. i., Bianco, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. l., M, S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, M. l., De, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, V. i., Formato, A., Galper, L., Grishantseva, G. i., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, M. p., Martucci, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. g., Monaco, N., Mori, R. i. n, N. k. l, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. l., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. l., Picozza, C. r., S, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R. l., Sparvoli, P. c., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V., Zverev, A D Erlykin, R P Kokoulin, A S Lidvansky, L I Meroshnichenko, M I Panasyuk, A D Panov and A W Wolfendale, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, A., Bianco, E. A., Bogomolov, S., Borisov, A., Bruno, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, Jerse, Giovanna, A. V., Karelin, M. D., Kheymit, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, M., Martucci, A. G., Mayorov, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, Munini, Riccardo, N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, and V. G., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Angular distribution, Anisotropy, Positron, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Isotropy, Flux, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Angular scale, Arrival direction, Cosmic ray electrons, Directional Analysis, Strong anisotropy, Nuclear physics, Positron, law, Anisotropy, Directional analysis
Abstract

Using data taken by the Pamela experiment during 5 years of operation we studied the anisotropy in the arrival direction of cosmic ray electrons and positrons with energy above 40 GeV. We report on a study of anisotropy in the e�� flux at different angular scales extending from 30��up to 90��, furthermore a directional analysis has been performed around the Sun direction. The observed distribution of arrival directions is consistent with the isotropic expectation at any angular scale used in this study and no significant evidence of strong anisotropies has been observed, also the analysis around the Sun direction did not show any significant excess.

Published
2013

9. Galactic deuteron spectrum measured in PAMELA experiment

Author

Maria Teresa Ricci, S. V. Borisov, Roberta Sparvoli, A. G. Mayorov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Juan Wu, Y V Mikhailov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, S. Y. Krutkov, S. A. Voronov, Per Carlson, Y. T. Yurkin, Mirko Boezio, Alfonso Monaco, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Consiglio, N. Zampa, Roberto Bellotti, Ritabrata Sarkar, Nicola Mori, Laura Rossetto, C. Pizzolotto, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. N. Nikonov, V. G. Zverev, M. Simon, Giovanna Jerse, N. De Simone, William Gillard, M. Bongi, A. A. Leonov, M. D. Kheymits, R. Carbone, C. De Santis, V. Bonvicini, A. N. Kvashnin, Lorenzo Bonechi, A. V. Karelin, V. V. Malakhov, A. M. Galper, G. Castellini, S. V. Koldashov, D. Campana, G. Zampa, Y. I. Stozhkov, G. Osteria, L. Marcelli, Marco Casolino, A. Vacchi, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, M. P. De Pascale, S. Bottai, F. Cafagna, O. Adriani, F. Palma, A. Bruno, E. Mocchiutti, W. Menn, G. I. Vasilyev, V. Di Felice, S., Koldobskiy, O. b., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L. b., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. k., L., S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. k., Carbone, P., Carlson, M. r., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. k., De, C. k., De, N. k., De, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, G. o., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, Y., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N. b., Mori, N. j., K., Osteria, Giuseppe, F. k., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. k., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R. k., Sparvoli, P. b., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, Spectrum measurement, Wide energy range, History, Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Spectrum (functional analysis), Cosmic rays, Deuterium, Experiment, Nuclear physics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Electron, Spectral line, Computer Science Applications, Education, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, Deuterium, Antimatter, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Results of galactic deuteron spectrum measurement by means of PAMELA apparatus are described. PAMELA is an international experiment developed for antimatter search and measurement of p,He, electron and positron spectra in wide energy range. In addition, PAMELA allows to identify and measure deuteron spectrum at low energies. In this paper deuteron-to-proton ratio and deuteron spectrum are presented.

Published
2013

10. Measurement of antiproton flux in primary cosmic radiation with PAMELA experiment

Author

S. Bottai, C. Pizzolotto, S. V. Borisov, S. A. Voronov, Sergey Koldobskiy, D. Campana, Roberto Bellotti, G. C. Barbarino, S. Y. Krutkov, V. G. Zverev, Marco Casolino, G. Castellini, E. A. Bogomolov, A. N. Kvashnin, E. Mocchiutti, Roberta Sparvoli, Laura Rossetto, V. Di Felice, M. Simon, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Alfonso Monaco, P. Picozza, A. A. Leonov, N. N. Nikonov, Ritabrata Sarkar, O. Adriani, P. Spillantini, P. Papini, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, V. V. Malakhov, W. Menn, Per Carlson, E. Vannuccini, Giovanna Jerse, V. V. Mikhailov, N. De Simone, M. Bongi, S. V. Koldashov, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, Maria Teresa Ricci, M. P. De Pascale, Y. T. Yurkin, A. V. Karelin, F. Cafagna, G. Osteria, A. G. Mayorov, L. Consiglio, William Gillard, A. M. Galper, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, M. D. Kheymits, A. Bruno, G. Zampa, G. I. Vasilyev, Juan Wu, Nicola Mori, C. De Santis, F. Palma, Mirko Boezio, A., Mayorov, O. b., Adriani, G, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L. b., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. k., L., S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. k., Carbone, P., Carlson, M. r., Casolino, G., Castellini, L., Consiglio, M. k., De, C. k., De, N. k., De, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, G. o., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N. b., Mori, N. j., K., Osteria, Giuseppe, F. k., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. k., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R. k., Sparvoli, P. b., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Antiparticle, Experiments, Intelligent systems, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Antiproton flux, Classification algorithm, Energy ranges, Galactic cosmic radiations, Monte Carlo Simulation, Training sample, Cosmic ray, Particle detector, Particle identification, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), law, Antiproton, Antimatter, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays
Abstract

The new method based on the classification algorithms was developed to separate antiprotons and electrons in the PAMELA experiment. Training samples based on Monte-Carlo simulation of particle's interactions in the PAMELA imaging Si/W calorimeter were used to achieve rejection factor and to keep high antiproton efficiency. With comparison to the previous publication the number of events was increased 1.5 times. Information collected from the mission start in 2006 till January 2010 was used in the analysis. 2800 events were found in the energy range from 60 MeV to 350 GeV. The flux of antiprotons in galactic cosmic radiation obtained with new method is presented.

Published
2013

11. Cosmic ray study with the PAMELA experiment

Author

N. De Simone, P. Spillantini, M. D. Kheymits, Nicola Mori, S. Bottai, Alfonso Monaco, Giovanna Jerse, A. G. Mayorov, Roberto Bellotti, G. Zampa, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, A. M. Galper, R. Carbone, S. A. Voronov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, O. Adriani, D. Campana, W. Menn, G. C. Barbarino, A. N. Kvashnin, V. V. Malakhov, E. A. Bogomolov, A. V. Karelin, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, S. V. Borisov, G. I. Vasilyev, S. Y. Krutkov, C. Pizzolotto, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, Laura Rossetto, M. Bongi, N. N. Nikonov, Roberta Sparvoli, Marco Casolino, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, G. Osteria, Juan Wu, C. De Santis, S. V. Koldashov, V. Di Felice, V. Bonvicini, G. Castellini, Y. I. Stozhkov, L. A. Grishantseva, Mirko Boezio, F. Cafagna, M. P. De Pascale, Y. T. Yurkin, P. Picozza, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. G. Zverev, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Maria Teresa Ricci, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, P. b., Picozza, L., Marcelli, O. d., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. i., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. b., L, S., Bottai, A. i., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M. b., N, G., Castellini, M. b., De, C. b., De, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, L., Grishantseva, G. q., Jerse, A., Karelin, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A. i., Monaco, N., Mori, N. b., K, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. b., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R. b., Sparvoli, P. d., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, J., Wu, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
History, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Education, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Experiments, Galaxies, Protons, Radiation belts, Solar energy, Cosmic rays, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, PAMELA detector, Astronomy, Computer Science Applications, Dark matter, Data collection, Heliospheres, Measurements of, Particle detection, Radiation environments, Solar activity, Solar modulation, Antiproton, Van Allen radiation belt, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Heliosphere
Abstract

In six years of data collection years in space, the experiment PAMELA has discovered very interesting features in cosmic rays, namely in the fluxes of protons, helium, electrons, that might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. In addition, PAMELA measurements of cosmic antiproton and positron fluxes are setting strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. The continuous particle detection is allowing a constant monitoring of the solar activity and detailed study of the solar modulation for a long period, giving important improvements to the comprehension of the heliosphere mechanisms. PAMELA is also measuring the radiation environment around the Earth, and has recently discovered an antiproton radiation belt.

Published
2013

12. The PAMELA space experiment

Author

Yu. T. Yurkin, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. Bonvicini, R. Carbone, G. I. Vasilyev, V. Malvezzi, Y. I. Stozhkov, Juan Wu, M. Bongi, Giancarlo Barbarino, V. V. Malakhov, M. Simon, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, C. Pizzolotto, F. Cafagna, P. Papini, Piero Spillantini, G. Zampa, E. Vannuccini, S. V. Borisov, Marco Ricci, V. G. Zverev, J. C. Stockton, G. Osteria, A. G. Mayorov, Andrea Vacchi, S. Y. Krutkov, G. Castellini, Nicola Mori, V. V. Mikhailov, L. Consiglio, A. V. Karelin, Roberta Sparvoli, O. Adriani, Alexey Leonov, C. De Santis, F. Palma, E. Mocchiutti, W. Menn, S. Bottai, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, Alfonso Monaco, Per Carlson, Mirko Boezio, S. J. Stochaj, N. N. Nikonov, Roberto Bellotti, A. M. Galper, A. N. Kvashnin, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, Giovanna Jerse, L. A. Grishantseva, Sergey Koldashov, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Ritabrata Sarkar, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, A. Bruno, W., Menn, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. D., Pascale, C. D., Santi, N. D., Simone, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A., Karelin, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, S., Stochaj, J., Stockton, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Antimatter, Cosmic rays, Satellite-borne experiment, Aerospace Engineering, Space and Planetary Science, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Space experiment, Geophysics, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The apparatus is comprised of a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail counter scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV to 100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectra in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (anti-helium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. Moreover, PAMELA is investigating phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. After 4 years of operation in flight, PAMELA is now delivering coherent results about spectra and chemical composition of the charged cosmic radiation, allowing scenarios of production and propagation of cosmic rays to be fully established and understood. © 2011 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2013
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13. The cosmic-ray electron flux measured by the PAMELA experiment between 1 and 625 GeV

Author

PAMELA Collaboration, Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Borisov, S., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carbone, R., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Consiglio, L., De Pascale, M. P., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Gillard, W., Grishantseva, L., Jerse, G., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Nikonov, N., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzolotto, C., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Rossetto, L., Sarkar, R., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stochaj, S. J., Stockton, J. C., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Wu, J., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zverev, V. G., O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, L., Consiglio, M., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, L., Grishantseva, G., Jerse, A., Karelin, S., Koldashov, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, V., Malvezzi, L., Marcelli, A., Mayorov, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, S., Stochaj, J., Stockton, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, genetic structures, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Solar wind, Positron, Electron flux, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 and 625 GeV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is the first time that cosmic-ray electrons have been identified above 50 GeV. The electron spectrum can be described with a single power law energy dependence with spectral index -3.18 +- 0.05 above the energy region influenced by the solar wind (> 30 GeV). No significant spectral features are observed and the data can be interpreted in terms of conventional diffusive propagation models. However, the data are also consistent with models including new cosmic-ray sources that could explain the rise in the positron fraction., 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRL

Published
2011

14. A search algorithm for finding Cosmic-Ray anisotropy with the PAMELA calorimeter

Author

S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, Maria Teresa Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, S. V. Borisov, S. Bottai, V. Bonvicini, V. V. Malakhov, L. Consiglio, P. Picozza, Y. I. Stozhkov, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Spillantini, M. D. Kheymits, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, Giovanna Jerse, C. Pizzolotto, G. Zampa, Roberta Sparvoli, S. A. Voronov, D. Campana, G. Castellini, Per Carlson, Alfonso Monaco, E. A. Bogomolov, Marco Casolino, V. Di Felice, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, M. P. De Pascale, A. V. Karelin, Laura Rossetto, N. N. Nikonov, V. G. Zverev, G. Osteria, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, Y. T. Yurkin, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, N. De Simone, Roberto Bellotti, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Mirko Boezio, A. N. Kvashnin, A. M. Galper, Juan Wu, A. G. Mayorov, F. Cafagna, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, V. V. Mikhailov, C. De Santis, F. Palma, Nicola Mori, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, O. Adriani, W. Menn, G. I. Vasilyev, M. Bongi, A., Karelin, O. b., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L. b., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. k., L, S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. k., Carbone, P., Carlson, M. r., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. k., De, C. k., De, N. k., De, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, G. o., Jerse, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, A., Mayorov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N. b., Mori, N. j., K, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. k., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. k., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R. k., Sparvoli, P. b., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Range (particle radiation), Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Particle identification, Particle detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Particle shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Satellite, Anisotropy, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmic rays, Cosmic ray energies, Energy ranges, In-orbit, Measurements of, Near-earth spaces, Search Algorithms, Secondary particles, Wide energy range
Abstract

The PAMELA project is the satellite experiment for measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectra in a wide energy range in near-Earth space. The PAMELA apparatus is in orbit from 2006 till today. The calorimeter is the main part of the instrument. It is able to measure energy, to distinguish between hadrons and electrons and to reconstruct the arriving particle direction. Using of special triggers for the calorimeter allows significant increasing of statistics. In consideration of these facts the technique of anisotropy searching in the energy range extending higher than 10 GeV has been developed. This technique is based on the calorimeter data and has as content the advanced method of the reconstruction of the secondary particle shower axis in the calorimeter.

Published
2013

15. Two years of flight of the Pamela experiment: Results and perspectives

Author

Petter Hofverberg, L. A. Grishantseva, V. V. Mikhailov, Y. T. Yurkin, Andrea Vacchi, Gianfranca De Rosa, V. Bonvicini, Valeria Di Felice, Piero Spillantini, Nicola de Simone, A. N. Kvashnin, S. A. Voronov, Elena Taddei, V. G. Zverev, E. A. Bogomolov, D. Campana, S. Bottai, M. Ricci, Marco Casolino, R. Carbone, Maria Pia De Pascale, Roberta Sparvoli, L. Marcelli, N. N. Nikonov, Paolo Papini, Massimo Bongi, O. Adriani, M. Minori, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, O. Maksumov, Per Carlson, W. Menn, Daniel Bongue, F. Cafagna, Sergey Koldashov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, E. Mocchiutti, S. Yu. Krutkov, E. Vannuccini, M. Simon, Yuri Stozhkov, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. Castellini, Giancarlo Barbarino, Alexey Leonov, Giuseppe Osteria, A. M. Galper, Gianluigi Zampa, G. I. Vasilyev, Piergiorgio Picozza, A. Bruno, Mirko Boezio, M., Casolino, N. D., Simone, D., Bongue, M. D., Pascale, V., Felice, L., Marcelli, M., Minori, P., Picozza, R., Sparvoli, G., Castellini, O., Adriani, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, S., Bottai, P., Papini, S., Ricciarini, P., Spillantini, E., Taddei, E., Vannuccini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, D., Campana, R., Carbone, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, G., Osteria, M., Boezio, V., Bonvicini, E., Mocchiutti, A., Vacchi, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, M., Ricci, P., Hofverberg, M., Pearce, P., Carlson, E., Bogomolov, S., Krutkov, N., Nikonov, Givasilyev, W., Menn, M., Simon, A., Galper, L., Grishantseva, S., Koldashov, A., Leonov, V., Mikhailov, S., Voronov, Y., Yurkin, V., Zverev, G., Bazilevskaya, A., Kvashnin, O., Maksumov, and Y., Stozhkov

Subjects
Antimatter, Solar particle events, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Physics, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy, Trapped cosmic rays, Antiproton, Solar particle event, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Satellite
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range (protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antinuclei with a precision of the order of $10^{-8}$). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, $15^{th}$ 2006 in a $350\times 600 km$ orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. In this work we describe the scientific objectives and the performance of PAMELA in its first two years of operation. Data on protons of trapped, secondary and galactic nature - as well as measurements of the December $13^{th}$ 2006 Solar Particle Event - are also provided., Comment: To appear on J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. as part of the proceedings of the International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science March, 17-19, 2008 Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

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