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Die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift beschäftigt sich mit Leben und Werk des deutsch-jüdischen Nervenarztes und Psychotherapeuten Ernst Jolowicz. Dieser wurde, trotz seiner regen wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit - unter anderem in Leipzig, bisher kaum von der medizinhistorischen Forschung berücksichtigt. Erstmalig rekonstruiert nun diese Arbeit die Biografie des Arztes vollständig und ordnet seine zahlreichen Publikationen unter anderem vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung der Psychotherapie und der Diskussion über traumatische Erkrankungen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts ein. Jolowicz‘ Schriften erschienen in einem historisch äußerst bewegten Zeitraum: Sowohl in den letzten Jahren des Kaiserreichs als auch während der Weimarer Republik und dem beginnenden Dritten Reich veröffentlichte der Mediziner umfangreich und setzte sich sowohl für die Etablierung der Psychotherapie als ärztliche Disziplin als auch für ein patientenorientiertes, methodenübergreifendes Herangehen ein. Nach Adolf Hitlers Machtergreifung emigrierte Jolowicz zunächst nach Frankreich und später in die USA, wo er erneut wissenschaftlich arbeitete. Anhand dieser aufgespürten Facetten soll eine angesichts der wechselvollen deutschen Geschichte im erheblichen Maße beeinflusste Wissenschaftlerbiografie exemplarisch begreifbar gemacht werden. Ein besonderer Fokus wird weiterhin auf Jolowicz‘ Tätigkeit als Frontarzt während des Ersten Weltkrieges gelegt. Seine Erfahrungen, welche er an den Schützengräben der Westfront und als ärztlicher Leiter eines Posener Militärkrankenhauses gemacht hatte, schlugen sich in diversen Aufsätzen nieder. Durch die Auseinandersetzung mit diesen versucht die Dissertation zeittypische psychotherapeutische Entwicklungen während des Krieges offenzulegen und erörtert die Originalität inhaltlicher sowie methodologischer Ansätze Jolowicz‘.

Aim Comparing measures of psychological wellbeing and help-seeking in youths before and within the first school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic enables a better understanding of the effects the pandemic has for those seeking professional help for mental health problems. Methods Data were obtained from the Germany-based ProHEAD school study. Pre-lockdown and lockdown samples (n = 648) were compared regarding pupils' psychological wellbeing, help-seeking attitudes and help-seeking behaviour. Results Participants from the lockdown sample showed greater positive attitudes towards seeking professional help, whereas psychological wellbeing and help-seeking behaviour remained stable. Conclusions Possible explanations may include an increased public discourse on mental health or self-selection bias for participation during lockdown.

Suicidality in children and young adults is a pervasive problem: approximately 40% of respondents in epidemiological surveys in German schools reported suicidal ideation, while up to 9% reported a suicide attempt in the past. While there is compelling evidence for the effectiveness of telephone-based hotline services, an increasing preference of adolescents for messenger-based counseling services can be observed. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the utilization behavior and user satisfaction of users contacting a German messenger-based chat counseling service (“krisenchat”) regarding suicidal ideation. Methods The present cross-sectional study analyzed retrospective anonymous data on sociodemographic variables, utilization behavior, and user satisfaction of krisenchat users who used the service between May 2020 and July 2021. Chi-square-tests were used to identify associations of sociodemographic characteristics and utilization behavior with suicidal ideation. Mann-Whitney-U-tests were used to compare the user satisfaction and the recommendation-to-others-rate between suicidal and non-suicidal krisenchat-users. Results In total, chat data of N = 11,031 users were collected. Of the n = 6,962 users included in the final analysis, n = 1,444 (20.7%) contacted krisenchat because of suicidal ideation. The average user experiencing suicidal ideation was 17 years old, female and currently not receiving other treatment. Further, suicidal ideation was significantly and positively associated with age and non-suicidal self-injury. Regarding utilization patterns, there were significant positive associations between suicidal ideation and counseling session count, mean amount of messages sent, and mean amount of words used per message by the user. User satisfaction was high, with 64.7% (n = 413) of users that answered the feedback survey and experiencing suicidal ideation rating the help they received as at least “good” and a recommendation rate of 89.6% (n = 571)., Peer Reviewed

Die Wirksamkeit digitaler Interventionen für Depression ist mittlerweile gut belegt, wobei die beste Evidenz aus Metaanalysen stammt, die Vergleiche zu Face-to-Face Behandlungen zusammenfassen (Cuijpers et al., 2019). Studien, die Wartelisten (WL) oder Treatment-as-Usual (TAU) als Kontrollgruppe (KG) verwenden, sind kritisch zu betrachten, da bei Depression Erwartungseffekte sowie Hoffnungslosigkeit bei Randomisierung in eine KG die Effektstärken künstlich vergrößern können. Gleichzeitig sind bei WL-Kontrollen in der Langzeitbetrachtung nur noch intraindividuelle Vergleiche möglich, was die Aussagekraft begrenzt. Im Folgenden werden vier Publikationen zusammengefasst, die die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit, Nutzung und zu potenziellen Nebenwirkungen digitaler Interventionen am Beispiel des iFightDepression Tools erweitern. Dabei werden im ersten Teil zwei Publikationen zu Daten aus einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie (RCT) mit einer aktiven KG betrachtet (Get.Started Studie) und im zweiten Teil werden Analysen von Nutzungsdaten, sogenannten Log-Daten, beschrieben, die in der Routineversorgung in Deutschland gewonnen wurden. Die Get.Started Studie – Wirksamkeitsstudie Die Get.Started Studie ist ein RCT, bei dem sechs Wochen begleitete iFightDepression (iFD) Nutzung mit sechs Wochen begleitetem Online-Entspannungstraining (PMR) verglichen wurden. Insgesamt wurden 347 Patient:innen mit aktuell leicht- bis mittelschweren Depressionen in eine der beiden Gruppen randomisiert. Sie erhielten in fünf kurzen Telefonaten Begleitung und Unterstützung durch das Studienteam und wurden gebeten vor Beginn der Intervention, nach drei Wochen sowie nach sechs Wochen Online-Fragebögen auszufüllen. Zusätzlich wurden nach drei, sechs, und zwölf Monate Follow-Up Messungen durchgeführt. Erfasst wurde dabei die depressive Symptomatik im Selbstbericht (IDS-SR) als primäres Outcome sowie die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (SF-12) als sekundäres Outcome. Anhand dieser Studie wurden die fol

The current study investigated eating attitudes and depressive symptoms in a sexual minority sample from Turkey who identify themselves as LGBTIQ and explored the role of sexual minority stressors beyond the potential predictors of eating attitudes and depressive symptoms in this population.

Suicide represents a major challenge to public mental health. In order to provide empirical evidence for prevention strategies, we hypothesized current levels of low socioeconomic status (SES) and high social isolation (SI) to be linked to increased suicide rates in N = 390 administrative districts since SES and SI are associated with mental illness. Effects of SES on suicide rates were further expected to be especially pronounced in districts with individuals showing high SI levels as SI reduces the reception of social support and moderates the impact of low SES on poor mental health. We linked German Microcensus data to register data on all 149,033 German suicides between 1997 and 2010 and estimated Prentice and Sheppard’s model for aggregate data to test the hypotheses, accounting for spatial effect correlations. The findings reveal increases in district suicide rates by 1.20% (p < 0.035) for 1% increases of district unemployment, suicide rate decreases of -0.39% (p < 0.028) for 1% increases in incomes, increases of 1.65% (p < 0.033) in suicides for 1% increases in one-person-households and increases in suicide rates of 0.54% (p < 0.036) for 1% decreases in single persons' incomes as well as suicide rate increases of 3.52% (p < 0.000) for 1% increases in CASMIN scores of individuals who moved throughout the year preceding suicide. The results represent appropriate starting points for the development of suicide prevention strategies. For the definition of more precise measures, future work should focus on the causal mechanisms resulting in suicidality incorporating individual level data.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been affecting everyone’s daily life in unknown measures since its outbreak. Nearly all Universities around the globe were affected. Further, young people and University students in particular, are known to be vulnerable for developing mental disorders. This study aims to examine the mental health social and emotional well-being and perceived burdens of University students during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Germany. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and anonymous online survey among University students assessed mental health status with standardized measures (depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug consumption, and eating disorder symptoms), attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived burdens, and social and emotional aspects of the pandemic (social support, perceived stress, loneliness, and self-efficacy). Results: In total, N = 3,382 German University students participated. Nearly half of the students (49%) reported that they are worried or very much worried about the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority supports the governmental lockdown measures (85%). A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) sum score of 10 or above, indicating clinically relevant depressive symptoms, was reported by 37% (n = 1,249). The PHQ-9 sum score was on average 8.66 (SD = 5.46). Suicidal thoughts were indicated by 14.5%of the participants. Levels of depressive symptoms differed significantly for the different self-rated income changes during the pandemic (increase, decrease, no change in income). Further, levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation differed significantly for students from different faculties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that not being a parent, having no indirect social contact one or two times a week, higher perceived stress, higher experienced loneliness, lower social support, and lower self-efficacy significantly predicted higher scores of depressive symptoms, also higher hazardous alcohol use, and

Suicide represents a major challenge to public mental health. In order to provide empirical evidence for prevention strategies, we hypothesized current levels of low socioeconomic status (SES) and high social isolation (SI) to be linked to increased suicide rates in N = 390 administrative districts since SES and SI are associated with mental illness. Effects of SES on suicide rates were further expected to be especially pronounced in districts with individuals showing high SI levels as SI reduces the reception of social support and moderates the impact of low SES on poor mental health. We linked German Microcensus data to register data on all 149,033 German suicides between 1997 and 2010 and estimated Prentice and Sheppard’s model for aggregate data to test the hypotheses, accounting for spatial effect correlations. The findings reveal increases in district suicide rates by 1.20% (p < 0.035) for 1% increases of district unemployment, suicide rate decreases of −0.39% (p < 0.028) for 1% increases in incomes, increases of 1.65% (p < 0.033) in suicides for 1% increases in one-person-households and increases in suicide rates of 0.54% (p < 0.036) for 1% decreases in single persons’ incomes as well as suicide rate increases of 3.52% (p < 0.000) for 1% increases in CASMIN scores of individuals who moved throughout the year preceding suicide. The results represent appropriate starting points for the development of suicide prevention strategies. For the definition of more precise measures, future work should focus on the causal mechanisms resulting in suicidality incorporating individual level data.