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Self-catheterisation (CIsC) is the gold standard treatment for bladder emptying disorders. A frequent complaint of patients undergoing CIsC is urinary tract infection (UTI). However, the epidemiology of UTIs remains poorly documented, particularly in the urological population. The aim of our study was to establish the epidemiology of infectious complications of CIsC.

ABSTRACTBackground: Diabetes prevalence is substantially higher among Canadian First Nations populations than the non-First Nation population. Fasting serum triglycerides have been found to be an important predictor of incident diabetes among non-indigenous populations. However, there is a great need to understand diabetes progression within specific ethnic groups, particularly First Nations populations.Objective: The purpose of this study was to test for an association between fasting serum triglycerides and incident diabetes, changes in insulin resistance and changes in β-cell function in a Manitoba First Nation cohort.Methods: Study data were from two diabetes screening studies in Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba, Canada, collected in 2002/2003 and 2011/2012. The cohort was composed of respondents to both screening studies (n=171). Fasting blood samples and anthropometric, health and demographic data were collected. A generalised linear model with Poisson distribution was used to test for an association between fasting triglycerides and incident diabetes.Results: There were 35 incident cases of diabetes among 128 persons without diabetes at baseline. Participants who developed incident type 2 diabetes were significantly older and had significantly higher body mass index (BMI; p=0.012), total cholesterol (p=0.007), fasting triglycerides (p<0.001), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p<0.001). Fasting triglyceride level was found to be a statistically significant positive predictor of incident diabetes independent of age, sex and waist circumference at baseline. Participants with triglycerides in the highest tertile (≥2.11 mmol/l) had a 4.0-times higher risk of developing incident diabetes compared to those in the lowest tertile (p=0.03). Notably, neither waist circumference nor BMI were significant predictors of incident diabetes independent of age, sex and triglycerides.Conclusion: Fasting triglycerides may be useful as a clinical predictor of insulin resistance and diabetes development among First Nations populations. Unlike other ethnic groups, BMI and waist circumference may be less important factors in diabetes development.

ABSTRACTThe Canadian First Nations population is disproportionately burdened by diabetes and diabetes complications. Body weight management is purported to be important in the prevention and management of diabetes. In this study, we sought to describe weight change in a First Nation cohort according to diabetes status and management. Study data were from two diabetes screening studies in Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba, Canada, collected in 2002/2003 (baseline) and 2011/2012 (follow-up). The cohort was composed of respondents to both screening studies (n=171). Fasting blood samples, anthropometric, health and demographic data were collected. At baseline, 24.8% (n=41) of the cohort members had diabetes. At follow-up, an additional 20.6% (n=34) developed diabetes. Among all participants with diabetes (long-term and incident cases), 66.6% lost weight between the two study periods. Among only participants with long-term diabetes (>8 years), 31.7% lost >10 kg. HbA1c at baseline, positive change in HbA1c over time, and use of metformin were significantly associated with weight loss ≥5%, independent of age, sex, and BMI at baseline. Further research is needed to better understand if and how diabetes-related weight loss contributes to morbidity and mortality in this First Nation population.