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Macroeconomic indicators are the key to success in the development of any country and are very much important for the overall economy of any country in the world. In the past, researchers used the traditional methods of regression for estimating macroeconomic variables. However, the advent of efficient machine learning (ML) methods has led to the improvement of intelligent mechanisms for solving time series forecasting problems of various economies around the globe. This study focuses on forecasting the data of the inflation rate and the exchange rate of Pakistan from January 1989 to December 2020. In this study, we used different ML algorithms like k-nearest neighbor (KNN), polynomial regression, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machine (SVM). The data set was split into two sets: the training set consisted of data from January 1989 to December 2018 for the training of machine algorithms, and the remaining data from January 2019 to December 2020 were used as a test set for ML testing. To find the accuracy of the algorithms used in the study, we used root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The experimental results showed that ANNs archives the least RMSE and MAE compared to all the other algorithms used in the study. While using the ML method for analyzing and forecasting inflation rates based on error prediction, the test set showed that the polynomial regression (degree 1) and ANN methods outperformed SVM and KNN. However, on the other hand, forecasting the exchange rate, SVM RBF outperformed KNN, polynomial regression, and ANNs.

Recently, the market of E-Learning is soaring and is known as a new paradigm in modern education. E-Learning acts as a medium, consisting of several types of computers and electronic media that are communication tools as well as the Internet, which provides training and informative access on certain subjects. By using E-Learning students can attend online classes anywhere, regardless of time and place. Generally, E-Learning is more geared towards self-training and is ideal for individuals who work full-time but desire to further their studies. Thus, this study has been developed and integrated with factors leading towards the effectiveness of E-Learning as a tool in Teaching and Learning (T&L) approach. A quantitative approach was applied by using a self-administered distribution of questionnaire targeted at higher education students. Therefore, the outcomes of this research will help to provide insightful information to the current education system in Malaysia, particularly in crafting strategies to enhance the learning education for the country in general.

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is an approach to tourism presumed to achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially involved on SDG1-No Poverty and SDG11-Sustainable Cities and Communities. In rural communities, homestays are essential CBT component that have made many contributions to the local economy and quality of life. The Malaysia Homestay Programme (MHP) has received special attention from the government due to its potential to enhance local communities’ livelihoods and economic sustainability. This study assesses factors that measure the successful performance of communitybased tourism on the MHP. Homestay programmes are a form of community tourism, in which the host (operator) provides family-friendly stay facilities for rent to tourists, thus generating additional income for the family. Based on the previous studies, the homestay operators faced the following external challenges such as village landscape, inefficient networking, lack of cooperation and commitment from homestay operators, exploitation of external parties, as well as ineffective promotional and marketing activities. These challenges must be resolved effectively to sustain the MHPs forward momentum. Essentially, the experiences of hosts (homestay operators) in dealing with the above mentioned challenges should be sought and empirically documented for future policy-making activities by the development agencies and the society. The national economy is bound to progress with escalating arrivals of tourists if effective strategies are devised by the stakeholders in resolving the problems faced by the homestay operators. Prior studies have listed the critical factors that dictated the success or failure of CBT programmes from the stance of CBT managers and experts. Nonetheless, insights from the local community pertaining to the success of CBT have been largely ignored despite their significance. A case study approach was adopted in this research paper with a qualitative methodology. Data was collected from 17 key informants in 11 MHPs. A structured and in-depth interview was the primary data collection technique, used together with photos, note-taking, and sound recordings. From the interview analysis, 12 criteria were identified as most of the respondents had mentioned those criteria as success factors for MHPs. The findings also revealed 7 very important dimensions for MHP to receive high numbers of visitors which are: effective marketing and promotional strategies, maintained facilities and utilities, uniqueness and quality products/packages design, community engagement and support, collaboration and networking, leadership, and recognition, as well as previous awards. The new dimensions on homestay development identified in this study are recognition and previous awards, entrepreneurship and uniqueness of product and package design. The study outcomes signify that most of the respondents claimed that the MHP success is dictated by the quantity of tourists. This is because; the volume of tourists generates additional income to those involved in the MHP. However, there are other dimensions that should be weighed in by homestay operators to ensure that their homestays can succeed and survive for a longer period and can be contribute to SDG1 and SDG11.

The importance of mangrove forests in protecting shorelines and mangrove ecosystems is very crucial. Due to industrialization and monetary demands, mangrove forests are at risk of losing their function and integrity over time. The commitment and awareness of the community are critical factors in the success of the mangrove conservation in Tumpat. With a quantitative approach, we collected demographic information from 116 (male 58.6%, female 41.4%) respondents to evaluate their knowledge and perception of mangrove conservation efforts in Tumpat, Kelantan. This study revealed that respondents’ level of knowledge and perception is significantly influenced by gender, age, level of education, occupation, income, and locality of residency which was analyzed using the Chi-square test (p

Tourism research identified that the risk element has a significant impact on tourist intention to travel and tourist destination choice criteria. The connection between domestic tourists perceived risk and revisit intention has not been widely explored mainly in Malaysia context, but the existing studies suggest a close connection among them.This study aims to examine the affect tourist perceived risk toward their revisit intention to visit tourist destination in Malaysia. A total of 384 sample valid responses were obtained.The sampling method for domestic tourist was convenience sampling method. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire which adapting the self-administered questionnaire distributionThe Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the information. A Partial Least Square findings verified model fitness in the population studied. Similarly, the results of the path analysis found that the intention of visiting tourist destination in Malaysia was affected by physical and financial risk.

Kekuatan pelancongan Malaysia bukan sahaja terletak pada produk eko pelancongan malah destinasi yang ditawarkan juga murah, selamat dan mudah untuk dikunjungi. Malaysia mempunyai banyak tempat-tempat menarik bagi segmen eko pelancongan yang semakin di minati bukan sahaja di kalangan pelancong dalam negara malah juga dari luar negara yang ingin melihat keindahan alam sekitar serta menenangkan diri dari kesibukan kota. Produk eko pelancongan di Malaysia bukan sahaja di lihat sebagai satu aktiviti lasak tetapi juga sebagai pemangkin kepada kelestarian alam semulajadi. Hutan Lipur Sungai Sedim (HLSS), merupakan antara destinasi paling popular di daerah Kulim, Kedah yang mana menjadi lokasi kajian. Pemilihan HLSS adalah kerana ciri-ciri dan sumbangan masa depannya kepada semua pihak di kawasan berdekatan selain telah di angkat sebagai salah satu “LIMA destinasi pilihan di Asia Fasifik”. Justeru, kajian ini membincangkan tentang peluang dan potensi HLSS sebagai salah satu produk eko pelancongan terkenal di serata dunia. Pendekatan kajian secara kualitatif telah digunakan dengan penglibatan seramai 59 orang responden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa HLSS berpotensi diiktiraf sebagai salah sebuah tarikan destinasi eko pelancongan terbaik di Malaysia di mana pelbagai keistimewaan seperti flora dan fauna, air terjun, Tree Top Walk, sukan air lasak dan sebagainya tersedia buat semua pelancong. Peluang diiktiraf sebagai produk eko pelancongan terunggul di Malaysia amat luas dengan menyediakan produk berfokus (niche-market), program inap desa (home-stay), pembangunan kemudahan dan infrastruktur serta pembangunan keusahawanan kecil dan sederhana.

Over the years, the introduction of e-learning technology as been familiar among academicians, students, and even non-academicians in higher education institutions. E-learning is one of the learning tools in the education sector that greatly influences education, which emerged as a newmodern education paradigm and has successfully evolved around the world. However, limited attention has been paid to research on e-learning relative to the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, using a quantitative approach, this study aims to review the reliability and validity of the applied instrumentsin assessing the factors influencing the effectiveness of e-learning tools in the teaching and learning ofentrepreneurship students’courses through a pilot study. Data involving 150samples from the questionnaires were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24, while evaluations from experts were employed to check for content and face validity and reliability as well asthe normality of data. Based on theresults, the normality of the data as well as the reliability of the measuring instruments in this study are proven. As such, the measuring instrumentsproposed in this study warrant further research.

The incidence of lower limb amputation is high across the globe and continues to be a major threat to morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the provision of high quality and effective prosthetics services have been known as an essential component for a successful rehabilitation outcome. In Malaysia, amputation prevalence has been increasing in which several main components of service delivering aspects (such as service intervention, prosthetic personnel) should be anticipated to accommodate for the increasing demand. This article highlights the hurdles experienced in providing prosthetic services in Malaysia from multiple aspects such as financial burden to acquire the prosthesis and lack of expertise to produce quality prosthesis. This paramount issues consequently justify for the urgency to carry out national level survey on the current statistics of lower limb amputation and to ascertain the available workforce to provide a quality prosthetics services. Only with accurate and current information from the national survey, strategies and policies aimed at enhancing the outcome from prosthetics services can be achieved.