7,912 results on '"Rose, M"'
Search Results
2. Neighborhood predictors of suicide and firearm suicide in Detroit, Michigan
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Colette Smirniotis, Veronica A. Pear, and Rose M. C. Kagawa
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Suicide ,Firearm suicide ,Youth suicide ,Geographic variation ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States with rates increasing over the past two decades. The rate of suicide is higher in rural areas, but a greater number of people in urban areas die by suicide; understanding risk factors for suicide in this context is critically important to public health. Additionally, while many studies have focused on individual-level risk factors, few studies have identified social or structural features associated with suicide or firearm suicide, especially among young people. Methods Study outcomes included total firearm suicide, total youth (age 10–29) firearm suicide, total suicide, and total youth suicide in Detroit, Michigan from 2012 through 2019. The predictors in this study included 58 census-tract level variables characterizing the physical features, residential stability, socioeconomic status, and demographics of neighborhoods in Detroit over the study period. We used random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and generalized linear mixed models to predict the four outcomes. Results We found that the tract-level variables used in all three modeling approaches performed poorly at predicting the suicide outcomes, with area under the curve values at times exceeding 0.60 but with extremely low sensitivity (ranging from 0.05 to 0.45). However, the percentage of parcels sold in arms-length transfers in the previous 5 years, the count of vacant lots per square mile, and the percentage of children aged three and older who were enrolled in preschool each demonstrated associations with at least two of the outcomes studied. Conclusions Our findings suggest place-based factors at the tract level do not provide meaningful insight into the risk of suicide or firearm suicide among youth or the general population in Detroit, Michigan. Future practice and study should consider focusing on both larger and smaller areas, including city and individual-level factors. For example, studies might benefit from the use of both neighborhood and individual-level measures and their interactions to improve our understanding of place-based risk factors and suicide risk.
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- 2024
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3. An Orthogonal Workflow of Electrochemical, Computational, and Thermodynamic Methods Reveals Limitations of Using a Literature-Reported Insulin Binding Peptide in Biosensors
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Katherine Austin, Jazmine A. Torres, Jeffery D. V. Waters, Eva Rose M. Balog, Jeffrey M. Halpern, and Robert J. Pantazes
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
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4. TOI-1130: A photodynamical analysis of a hot Jupiter in resonance with an inner low-mass planet
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Korth, J., Gandolfi, D., Šubjak, J., Howard, S., Ataiee, S., Collins, K. A., Quinn, S. N., Mustill, A. J., Guillot, T., Lodieu, N., Smith, A. M. S., Esposito, M., Rodler, F., Muresan, A., Abe, L., Albrecht, S. H., Alqasim, A., Barkaoui, K., Beck, P. G., Burke, C. J., Butler, R. P., Conti, D. M., Collins, K. I., Crane, J. D., Dai, F., Deeg, H. J., Evans, P., Grziwa, S., Hatzes, A. P., Hirano, T., Horne, K., Huang, C. X., Jenkins, J. M., Kabáth, P., Kielkopf, J. F., Knudstrup, E., Latham, D. W., Livingston, J., Luque, R., Mathur, S., Murgas, F., Osborne, H. L. M., Pallé, E., Persson, C. M., Rodriguez, J. E., Rose, M., Rowden, P., Schwarz, R. P., Seager, S., Serrano, L. M., Sha, L., Shectman, S. A., Shporer, A., Srdoc, G., Stockdale, C., Tan, T. G., Teske, J. K., Van Eylen, V., Vanderburg, A., Vanderspek, R., Wang, S. X., and Winn, J. N.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The TOI-1130 is a known planetary system around a K-dwarf consisting of a gas giant planet, TOI-1130 c, on an 8.4-day orbit, accompanied by an inner Neptune-sized planet, TOI-1130 b, with an orbital period of 4.1 days. We collected precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of TOI-1130 with the HARPS and PFS spectrographs as part of our ongoing RV follow-up program. We perform a photodynamical modeling of the HARPS and PFS RVs, and transit photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the TESS Follow-up Observing Program. We determine the planet masses and radii of TOI-1130 b and TOI-1130 c to be Mb = 19.28 $\pm$ 0.97 M$_\oplus$ and Rb = 3.56 $\pm$ 0.13 R$_\oplus$, and Mc = 325.59 $\pm$ 5.59 M$_\oplus$ and Rc = 13.32+1.55-1.41 R$_\oplus$, respectively. We spectroscopically confirm TOI-1130 b that was previously only validated. We find that the two planets orbit with small eccentricities in a 2:1 resonant configuration. This is the first known system with a hot Jupiter and an inner lower mass planet locked in a mean-motion resonance. TOI-1130 belongs to the small yet increasing population of hot Jupiters with an inner low-mass planet that challenges the pathway for hot Jupiter formation. We also detect a linear RV trend possibly due to the presence of an outer massive companion., Comment: 19 pages, Accepted to A&A
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- 2023
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5. Dsg2 ectodomain organization increases throughout desmosome assembly
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William F. Dean, Rose M. Albert, Tomasz J. Nawara, Melanie Ubil, Reena R. Beggs, and Alexa L. Mattheyses
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Assembly ,cadherin ,cell-cell adhesion ,desmosome ,fluorescence polarization ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
ABSTRACTDesmosomes are intercellular junctions that regulate mechanical integrity in epithelia and cardiac muscle. Dynamic desmosome remodeling is essential for wound healing and development, yet the mechanisms governing junction assembly remain elusive. While we and others have shown that cadherin ectodomains are highly organized, how this ordered architecture emerges during assembly is unknown. Using fluorescence polarization microscopy, we show that desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) ectodomain order gradually increases during 8 h of assembly, coinciding with increasing adhesive strength. In a scratch wound assay, we observed a similar increase in order in desmosomes assembling at the leading edge of migratory cells. Together, our findings indicate that cadherin organization is a hallmark of desmosome maturity and may play a role in conferring adhesive strength.
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- 2024
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6. Neighborhood predictors of suicide and firearm suicide in Detroit, Michigan
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Smirniotis, Colette, Pear, Veronica A., and Kagawa, Rose M. C.
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- 2024
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7. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment
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Shook, Lydia L., Batorsky, Rebecca E., De Guzman, Rose M., McCrea, Liam T., Brigida, Sara M., Horng, Joy E., Sheridan, Steven D., Kholod, Olha, Cook, Aidan M., Li, Jonathan Z., Slonim, Donna K., Goods, Brittany A., Perlis, Roy H., and Edlow, Andrea G.
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- 2024
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8. Telemedicine and Resource Utilization in Pulmonary Clinic
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Puthumana, Rose M, Grosgogeat, Claire A, Davis, Jenna K, Bocanegra, Linda V, Patel, Samira, Ferreira, Tanira, Parekh, Dipen J, Gershengorn, Hayley B, and Koch, Abigail L
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- 2024
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9. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment
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Lydia L. Shook, Rebecca E. Batorsky, Rose M. De Guzman, Liam T. McCrea, Sara M. Brigida, Joy E. Horng, Steven D. Sheridan, Olha Kholod, Aidan M. Cook, Jonathan Z. Li, Donna K. Slonim, Brittany A. Goods, Roy H. Perlis, and Andrea G. Edlow
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Hofbauer cells ,Microglia ,Single-cell RNA sequencing ,Fetal brain ,Placenta ,Neurodevelopment ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus activates maternal and placental immune responses. Such activation in the setting of other infections during pregnancy is known to impact fetal brain development. The effects of maternal immune activation on neurodevelopment are mediated at least in part by fetal brain microglia. However, microglia are inaccessible for direct analysis, and there are no validated non-invasive surrogate models to evaluate in utero microglial priming and function. We have previously demonstrated shared transcriptional programs between microglia and Hofbauer cells (HBCs, or fetal placental macrophages) in mouse models. Methods and results We assessed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on HBCs isolated from 24 term placentas (N = 10 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases, 14 negative controls). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrated that HBC subpopulations exhibit distinct cellular programs, with specific subpopulations differentially impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Assessment of differentially expressed genes implied impaired phagocytosis, a key function of both HBCs and microglia, in some subclusters. Leveraging previously validated models of microglial synaptic pruning, we showed that HBCs isolated from placentas of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies can be transdifferentiated into microglia-like cells (HBC-iMGs), with impaired synaptic pruning behavior compared to HBC models from negative controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that HBCs isolated at birth can be used to create personalized cellular models of offspring microglial programming.
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- 2024
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10. Telemedicine and Resource Utilization in Pulmonary Clinic
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Rose M Puthumana, Claire A Grosgogeat, Jenna K Davis, Linda V Bocanegra, Samira Patel, Tanira Ferreira, Dipen J Parekh, Hayley B Gershengorn, and Abigail L Koch
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Telehealth ,Virtual medicine ,Pulmonary medicine ,Outpatients ,Delivery of health care ,Health resources ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Telemedicine use increased with the Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of telemedicine on resource use in pulmonary clinics is unknown. Methods This retrospective cohort study identified adults with pulmonary clinic visits at the University of Miami Hospital and Clinics (January 2018-December 2021). The primary exposure was telemedicine versus in-person visits. Standard statistics were used to describe the cohort and compare patients stratified by visit type. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association of telemedicine with resource use (primarily, computed tomography [CT] orders placed within 7 days of visit). Results 21,744 clinic visits were included: 5,480 (25.2%) telemedicine and 16,264 (74.8%) in-person. In both, the majority were
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- 2024
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11. Integrating ontogeny and ontogenetic dependency into community assembly
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Ramachandran, Advyth, Huxley, Jared D, McFaul, Shane, Schauer, Lisa, Diez, Jeff, Boone, Rohan, Madsen‐Hepp, Tesa, McCann, Erin, Franklin, Janet, Logan, Danielle, Rose, M Brooke, and Spasojevic, Marko J
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beta--diversity ,determinants of plant community diversity and structure ,dryland ,forest ,dynamics plot ,life stage ,mixed--evergreen forest ,montane hardwood forest ,oak ,pine ,Environmental Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences ,Ecology - Abstract
Abstract: Many studies of community assembly focus on a single ontogenetic stage (typically adults) when trying to infer assembly processes from patterns of biodiversity. This focus ignores the finding that assembly mechanisms may strongly differ between life‐stages, and the role of ontogenetic dependency: the mechanisms by which one life stage directly affects the composition of another life stage. Within a 4‐ha forest dynamics plot in California USA, we explored how the relative importance of multiple assembly processes shifts across life stages and assessed ontogenetic dependency of seedlings on adults in woody plant communities. To assess variation in assembly processes across life stages, we examined how β‐diversity of adult and seedling communities were each influenced by space and 13 environmental variables (soils, topography) using distance‐based redundancy analysis and variation partitioning. We then assessed the ontogenetic dependency of seedlings on adults by including adult composition as a predictor in the seedling community variation partitioning. We found differences between adult and seedling composition. For the adults, we found 18 species including pines, oaks and manzanitas characteristic of this mid‐elevation forest. For seedlings, we found 11 species, and that oaks made up 75% of all seedlings while only making up 45% of all adults. Adult β‐diversity was primarily explained by space (44.0%) with environment only explaining 18.6% and 37.4% unexplained. In contrast, most of the explained variation in seedling β‐diversity was due to ontogenetic dependency alone (13.6% explained by adult composition) with 1.6% explained by space and the environment jointly, and 62.8% unexplained. Synthesis: Here, we describe a conceptual framework for integrating ontogeny more explicitly into community assembly research and demonstrate how different assembly processes structured adult and seedling β‐diversity in a temperate dry forest. While adult β‐diversity was largely driven by spatial processes, seedling β‐diversity was largely unexplained, with ontogenetic dependency comprising most of the explained variation. These patterns suggest that future assembly research should consider how assembly processes and their underlying mechanisms may shift with ontogeny, and that interactions between ontogenetic stages (ontogenetic dependency) are critical to consider when assessing variation in assembly processes.
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- 2023
12. Correction: Environmental influences on the phenology of immigrating juvenile eels over weirs at the tidal limit of regulated rivers
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Boardman, Rose M., Pinder, Adrian C., Piper, Adam T., Gutmann Roberts, Catherine, Wright, Rosalind M., and Britton, J. Robert
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- 2024
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13. Experiences of Former Markers of Undergraduate Assignments and Examinations at a University: A Case Study
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Lebeloane, Lazarus Donald Mokula, Mmusi-Phetoe, Rose M., and Masaba, Brian Barasa
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Purpose: The present study explored experiences of former markers of undergraduate assignments and examinations at the University of South Africa (Unisa). Methodology: Qualitative method of research was used to gather data. Colaizzi's method (1978) was used to analyze and interpret data. The article's frame of reference was informed by Mezirow's transformative learning theory which is aligned to critical theory (Mezirow 2009). Findings: Findings were based on the following: Demographic information, markers' experiences in marking assignments and exam books, content knowledge, markers' meetings, duration of marking assignments and examination books as well as students support, and suggestions are the themes that emerged from the data that was gathered. Originality: It is recommended that the university must develop a policy for external markers for marking assignments and examinations of undergraduate program. All E-tutors must be trained to support students after the official closure of registration and before examinations are set. All markers must be trained -- through a markers' guide -- to mark assignments and examination books.
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- 2022
14. OOPS: Object-Oriented Polarization Software for analysis of fluorescence polarization microscopy images.
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William F Dean, Tomasz J Nawara, Rose M Albert, and Alexa L Mattheyses
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Most essential cellular functions are performed by proteins assembled into larger complexes. Fluorescence Polarization Microscopy (FPM) is a powerful technique that goes beyond traditional imaging methods by allowing researchers to measure not only the localization of proteins within cells, but also their orientation or alignment within complexes or cellular structures. FPM can be easily integrated into standard widefield microscopes with the addition of a polarization modulator. However, the extensive image processing and analysis required to interpret the data have limited its widespread adoption. To overcome these challenges and enhance accessibility, we introduce OOPS (Object-Oriented Polarization Software), a MATLAB package for object-based analysis of FPM data. By combining flexible image segmentation and novel object-based analyses with a high-throughput FPM processing pipeline, OOPS empowers researchers to simultaneously study molecular order and orientation in individual biological structures; conduct population assessments based on morphological features, intensity statistics, and FPM measurements; and create publication-quality visualizations, all within a user-friendly graphical interface. Here, we demonstrate the power and versatility of our approach by applying OOPS to punctate and filamentous structures.
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- 2024
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15. A somatic view of the genomic impact of mitochondrial endosymbiosis
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Rose M. Doss and Martin W. Breuss
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Published
- 2024
16. Tobacco Use and Depression: A Hidden Epidemic among Smokers 18 Years and Older, Puerto Rico, 2018-2020
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Cabrera-Serrano, Alex, Felici-Giovanini, Marcos E., Diaz-Garcia, Rose M., Ramos-Colon, Miriam V., and Rodriguez-Ayuso, Idania
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- 2023
17. Mode purity and structural analysis of x-ray vortices generated by spiral zone plates
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Baluktsian, M., Loetgering, L., Dogan, G., Sanli, U., Weigand, M., Rose, M., Bykova, I., Schuetz, G., and Keskinbora, K.
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Physics - Optics ,Physics - Accelerator Physics - Abstract
In the visible spectrum vortex beams have found various applications, ranging from optical tweezers to super-resolution imaging. Recently, these beams have been demonstrated using X-rays and electron beams. However, so far, no in-depth discussion has been carried out on the vortex quality, which could become essential for a variety of vortex applications. Here, we investigate the mode conversion efficiency (MCE), vortex structure and stability (in terms of vortex splitting) of the vortex fields generated by spiral zone plates (SZP). We have designed and fabricated SZPs with varying topological charge of both binary and kinoform profile. Kinoforms are known for their 100 % diffraction efficiency in the ideal case. In this work, both types are contrasted with regard to the vortex quality. Utilizing ptychographic coherent diffraction imaging and by comparing to simulations the wavefront of the generated fields is characterized. It was found, that the MCE and vortex structure exhibit the same dependencies on material and ZP properties as the diffraction efficiency (DE) and that the kinoform profile in this sense also improves the vortex quality. With growing SZP charge the MCE decreases. The results link the parameters of optics to the properties of the vortices and help to maximize the performance of ZP based vortex generators for future applications.
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- 2022
18. New ruthenium-xanthoxylin complex eliminates colorectal cancer stem cells by targeting the heat shock protein 90 chaperone
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Luciano de S. Santos, Valdenizia R. Silva, Maria V. L. de Castro, Rosane B. Dias, Ludmila de F. Valverde, Clarissa A. G. Rocha, Milena B. P. Soares, Claudio A. Quadros, Edjane R. dos Santos, Regina M. M. Oliveira, Rose M. Carlos, Paulo C. L. Nogueira, and Daniel P. Bezerra
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract In this work, we describe a novel ruthenium-xanthoxylin complex, [Ru(phen)2(xant)](PF6) (RXC), that can eliminate colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells by targeting the chaperone Hsp90. RXC exhibits potent cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines and primary cancer cells, causing apoptosis in HCT116 CRC cells, as observed by cell morphology, YO-PRO-1/PI staining, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial depolarization, and PARP cleavage (Asp214). Additionally, RXC can downregulate the HSP90AA1 and HSP90B1 genes and the expression of HSP90 protein, as well as the expression levels of its downstream/client elements Akt1, Akt (pS473), mTOR (pS2448), 4EBP1 (pT36/pT45), GSK-3β (pS9), and NF-κB p65 (pS529), implying that these molecular chaperones can be molecular targets for RXC. Moreover, this compound inhibited clonogenic survival, the percentage of the CRC stem cell subpopulation, and colonosphere formation, indicating that RXC can eliminate CRC stem cells. RXC reduced cell migration and invasion, decreased vimentin and increased E-cadherin expression, and induced an autophagic process that appeared to be cytoprotective, as autophagy inhibitors enhanced RXC-induced cell death. In vivo studies showed that RXC inhibits tumor progression and experimental metastasis in mice with CRC HCT116 cell xenografts. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the ruthenium complex RXC in CRC therapy with the ability to eliminate CRC stem cells by targeting the chaperone Hsp90.
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- 2023
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19. Importance of categories of crime for predicting future violent crime among handgun purchasers in California
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Aaron B. Shev, Mona A. Wright, Rose M. C. Kagawa, and Garen J. Wintemute
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Firearm ,Gun ,Violence ,Criminal history ,Violent crime ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Prohibiting the purchase and possession of firearms by those at risk of violence is an established approach to preventing firearm violence. Prior studies of legal purchasers have focused on convictions for specific crimes, such as violent misdemeanors and driving under the influence (DUI). We broaden that line of inquiry by investigating and comparing the associations between prior arrests for most categories of crime and subsequent arrest for violent offenses among legal handgun purchasers in California. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study of 79,678 legal handgun purchasers in California in 2001, we group arrest charges prior to their first purchases in 2001 according to categories defined by the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Handbook. We use a gradient boosting machine to identify categories of offenses that are most important for predicting arrest for violent crime following firearm purchase. For each category identified, we then estimate the difference in risk of subsequent arrest for a violent offense using survival regression models. Results We identified eight crime categories with high predictive importance: simple assaults, aggravated assaults, vehicle violations, weapon, other crimes, theft, drug abuse, and DUI. Compared to purchasers with no prior arrests, those with a prior arrest for any one of the eight important categories and no other categories were found to be at increased risk of arrest for a Crime Index-listed violent crime (murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault), with the greatest estimated risk corresponding to the simple assault UCR category (adjusted hazard ratio 4.0; 95% CI 2.8–5.9). Simple assault was also associated with the greatest risk for subsequent arrest for firearm violence (adjusted hazard ratio 4.6; 95% CI 2.4–9.0) and any violent offense (adjusted hazard ratio 3.7; 95% CI 2.7–5.0). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that prior arrests for a broad array of crimes, both violent and non-violent, are associated with risk of subsequent violent crimes, including Crime Index-listed violent crimes and firearm violence, among legal purchasers of firearms. Current policies aimed at restricting access to firearms for individuals at increased risk of violence should be re-examined considering these findings.
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- 2023
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20. Author Correction: A heterotypic assembly mechanism regulates CHIP E3 ligase activity
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Das, Aniruddha, Thapa, Pankaj, Santiago, Ulises, Shanmugam, Nilesh, Banasiak, Katarzyna, Dązbrowska, Katarzyna, Nolte, Hendrik, Szulc, Natalia A, Gathungu, Rose M, Cysewski, Dominik, Krüeger, Marcus, Dadlez, Michał, Nowotny, Marcin, Camacho, Carlos J, Hoppe, Thorsten, and Pokrzywa, Wojciech
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- 2024
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21. Comparing the 5E Method of Inquiry-Based Instruction and the Four-Stage Model of Direct Instruction on Students' Content Knowledge Achievement in an ENR Curriculum
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Colclasure, Blake C., Thoron, Andrew C., Osborne, Edward W., Roberts, T. Grady, and Pringle, Rose M.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the 5E method of inquiry-based instruction (IBI) and the four-stage model of direct instruction (DI) on students' content knowledge achievement. The population for this study was all secondary high school students enrolled in the CASE® Natural Resources and Ecology course and whose teachers completed the CASE® Institute for Natural Resources and Ecology certification between the years 2013 and 2017. This study was quasi-experimental and used a nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. A convenient sample of 13 teachers and 222 students was collected. Each teacher was randomly assigned to deliver a set of 16 lesson plans that utilized either the IBI or DI approach. Lesson plans were grouped into four modules, each lasting approximately two weeks. Prior to the delivery of each module, teachers administered content knowledge pretests. Posttests were administered at the completion of each 2-week module. Students in both groups demonstrated significant gains in content knowledge achievement. ANCOVA statistical procedures were used to compare student achievement for both instructional methods. Results of the ANCOVA indicated that the 5E method of IBI and the four-stage model of DI are equally effective on students' content knowledge achievement.
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- 2020
22. Photochemical characterization of rate laws, rate constants and photonicities in optically–dense, multiphoton–reactive systems
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Masthay, Mark B., Beach, Aaron E., Eckerle, Rose M., Fouzia, Begum, Hovey, Peter W., Johnson, David W., Jones, Ross E., Kelleher, Matthew E., Limphong, Pattraranee, McGregor, Jonathan B., Provost, Ryan J., Sack, Timothy C., Shover, Christie M., Wang, Wenyue, Zhao, Yuan, and Helvenston, Merritt C.
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- 2024
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23. New ruthenium-xanthoxylin complex eliminates colorectal cancer stem cells by targeting the heat shock protein 90 chaperone
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Santos, Luciano de S., Silva, Valdenizia R., de Castro, Maria V. L., Dias, Rosane B., Valverde, Ludmila de F., Rocha, Clarissa A. G., Soares, Milena B. P., Quadros, Claudio A., dos Santos, Edjane R., Oliveira, Regina M. M., Carlos, Rose M., Nogueira, Paulo C. L., and Bezerra, Daniel P.
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- 2023
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24. Development and psychometric evaluation of item banks for memory and attention – supplements to the EORTC CAT Core instrument
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Rogge, AA, Petersen, MA, Aaronson, NK, Conroy, T, Dirven, L, Fischer, F, Habets, EJJ, Reijneveld, JC, Rose, M, Sleurs, C, Taphoorn, M, Tomaszewski, KA, Vachon, H, Young, T, and Groenvold, M
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- 2023
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25. Importance of categories of crime for predicting future violent crime among handgun purchasers in California
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Shev, Aaron B., Wright, Mona A., Kagawa, Rose M. C., and Wintemute, Garen J.
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- 2023
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26. Age-related changes in circadian regulation of the human plasma lipidome
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Rahman, Shadab A., Gathungu, Rose M., Marur, Vasant R., St. Hilaire, Melissa A., Scheuermaier, Karine, Belenky, Marina, Struble, Jackson S., Czeisler, Charles A., Lockley, Steven W., Klerman, Elizabeth B., Duffy, Jeanne F., and Kristal, Bruce S.
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- 2023
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27. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fentanyl administered via transdermal patch in horses
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Rachel A. Reed, Londa J. Berghaus, Rose M. Reynolds, Brittany T. Holmes, Anna M. Krikorian, Daniel M. Sakai, Yushun Ishikawa, and Heather K. Knych
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horse ,fentanyl ,pharmacokinetics ,pharmacodynamics ,transdermal ,opioid ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
IntroductionUnderstanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fentanyl in horses is crucial for optimizing pain management strategies in veterinary medicine.MethodsSix adult horses were enrolled in a randomized crossover design. Treatments included: placebo, two 100 mcg/h patches (LDF), four 100 mcg/h patches (MDF), and six 100 mcg/h patches (HDF). Patches were in place for 72 h. Blood was obtained for fentanyl plasma concentration determination, thermal threshold, mechanical threshold, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were obtained prior patch placement and at multiple time points following patch placement for the following 96 h. Fentanyl plasma concentration was determined using LC-MS/MS. Data were analyzed using a generalized mixed effects model.ResultsMean (range) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax, and area under the curve extrapolated to infinity were 1.39 (0.82–1.82), 2.64 (1.21–4.42), 4.11 (2.78–7.12) ng/ml, 12.7 (8.0–16.0), 12.7 (8.0–16.0), 12 (8.0–16.0) h, 42.37 (27.59–55.56), 77.24 (45.62–115.06), 120.34 (100.66–150.55) h ng/ml for LDF, MDF, and HDF, respectively. There was no significant effect of treatment or time on thermal threshold, mechanical threshold, respiratory rate, or temperature (p > 0.063). There was no significant effect of treatment on heart rate (p = 0.364). There was a significant effect of time (p = 0.003) on heart rate with overall heart rates being less than baseline at 64 h.ConclusionsFentanyl administered via transdermal patch is well absorbed and well tolerated but does not result in an anti-nociceptive effect as measured by thermal and mechanical threshold at the doses studied.
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- 2024
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28. Local inhomogeneities resolved by scanning probe techniques and their impact on local 2DEG formation in oxide heterostructures
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Rose, M. -A., Barnett, J., Wendland, D., Hensling, F., Boergers, J., Moors, M., Dittmann, R., Taubner, T., and Gunkel, F.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
Lateral inhomogeneities in the formation of 2-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) directly influence their electronic properties. Understanding their origin is an important factor for fundamental interpretations, as well as high quality devices. Here, we studied the local formation of the buried 2DEG at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interfaces grown on STO (100) single crystals with partial TiO2 termination, utilizing in-situ local conductivity atomic force microscopy (LC-AFM) and scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). Using substrates with different degrees of chemical surface termination, we can link the resulting interface chemistry to an inhomogeneous 2DEG formation. In conductivity maps recorded by LC-AFM, a significant lack of conductivity is observed at topographic features, indicative of a local SrO/AlO2 interface stacking order, while significant local conductivity can be probed in regions showing TiO2/LaO interface stacking order. These results could be corroborated by s SNOM, showing a similar contrast distribution in the optical signal which can be linked to the local electronic properties of the material. The results are further complimented by low-temperature conductivity measurements, which show an increasing residual resistance at 5 K with increasing portion of insulating SrO terminated areas. Therefore, we can correlate the macroscopic electrical behavior of our samples to its nanoscopic structure. Using proper parameters, 2DEG mapping can be carried out without any visible alteration of sample properties, proving LC AFM and s SNOM to be viable and destruction-free techniques for the identification of local 2DEG formation. Furthermore, applying LC AFM and s SNOM in this manner opens the exciting prospect to link macroscopic low temperature transport to its nanoscopic origin.
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- 2021
29. TOI-1634 b: an Ultra-Short Period Keystone Planet Sitting Inside the M Dwarf Radius Valley
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Cloutier, R., Charbonneau, D., Stassun, K. G., Murgas, F., Mortier, A., Massey, R., Lissauer, J. J., Latham, D. W., Irwin, J., Haywood, R. D., Guerra, P., Girardin, E., Giacalone, S. A., Bosch-Cabot, P., Bieryla, A., Winn, J., Watson, C. A., Vanderspek, R., Udry, S., Tamura, M., Sozzetti, A., Shporer, A., Ségransan, D., Seager, S., Savel, A. B., Sasselov, D., Rose, M., Ricker, G., Rice, K., Quintana, E. V., Quinn, S. N., Piotto, G., Phillips, D., Pepe, F., Pedani, M., Parviainen, H., Palle, E., Narita, N., Molinari, E., Micela, G., McDermott, S., Mayor, M., Matson, R. A., Fiorenzano, A. F. Martinez, Lovis, C., López-Morales, M., Kusakabe, N., Jensen, E. L. N., Jenkins, J. M., Huang, C. X., Howell, S. B., Harutyunyan, A., Fűrész, G., Fukui, A., Esquerdo, G. A., Esparza-Borges, E., Dumusque, X., Dressing, C. D., Di Fabrizio, L., Collins, K. A., Cameron, A. Collier, Christiansen, J. L., Cecconi, M., Buchhave, L. A., Boschin, W., and Andreuzzi, G.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Studies of close-in planets orbiting M dwarfs have suggested that the M dwarf radius valley may be well-explained by distinct formation timescales between enveloped terrestrials, and rocky planets that form at late times in a gas-depleted environment. This scenario is at odds with the picture that close-in rocky planets form with a primordial gaseous envelope that is subsequently stripped away by some thermally-driven mass loss process. These two physical scenarios make unique predictions of the rocky/enveloped transition's dependence on orbital separation such that studying the compositions of planets within the M dwarf radius valley may be able to establish the dominant physics. Here, we present the discovery of one such keystone planet: the ultra-short period planet TOI-1634 b ($P=0.989$ days, $F=121 F_{\oplus}$, $r_p = 1.790^{+0.080}_{-0.081} R_{\oplus}$) orbiting a nearby M2 dwarf ($K_s=8.7$, $R_s=0.45 R_{\odot}$, $M_s=0.50 M_{\odot}$) and whose size and orbital period sit within the M dwarf radius valley. We confirm the TESS-discovered planet candidate using extensive ground-based follow-up campaigns, including a set of 32 precise radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We measure a planetary mass of $4.91^{+0.68}_{-0.70} M_{\oplus}$, which makes TOI-1634 b inconsistent with an Earth-like composition at $5.9\sigma$ and thus requires either an extended gaseous envelope, a large volatile-rich layer, or a rocky portion that is not dominated by iron and silicates to explain its mass and radius. The discovery that the bulk composition of TOI-1634 b is inconsistent with that of the Earth favors the gas-depleted formation mechanism to explain the emergence of the radius valley around M dwarfs with $M_s\lesssim 0.5 M_{\odot}$., Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures, accepted to AAS journals. Our time series are included as a csv file in the arXiv source files
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- 2021
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30. Detection of Racial Bias from Physiological Responses
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Nikseresht, Fateme, Yan, Runze, Lew, Rachel, Liu, Yingzheng, Sebastian, Rose M., and Doryab, Afsaneh
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Despite the evolution of norms and regulations to mitigate the harm from biases, harmful discrimination linked to an individual's unconscious biases persists. Our goal is to better understand and detect the physiological and behavioral indicators of implicit biases. This paper investigates whether we can reliably detect racial bias from physiological responses, including heart rate, conductive skin response, skin temperature, and micro-body movements. We analyzed data from 46 subjects whose physiological data was collected with Empatica E4 wristband while taking an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Our machine learning and statistical analysis show that implicit bias can be predicted from physiological signals with 76.1% accuracy. Our results also show that the EDA signal associated with skin response has the strongest correlation with racial bias and that there are significant differences between the values of EDA features for biased and unbiased participants., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
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- 2021
31. Bilingual advantages in executive functioning: Evidence from a low-income sample
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Grote, Kandice S, Scott, Rose M, and Gilger, Jeffrey
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Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Bilingualism ,bilingual advantage ,executive function ,working memory ,socioeconomic status ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Language ,Communication and Culture ,Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology - Abstract
Recent research suggests that bilinguals might exhibit advantages in several areas of executive function, including working memory, inhibitory control, and attentional control. However, few studies have examined potential bilingual advantages within lower socioeconomic status (SES) populations. Here we addressed this gap in the literature by investigating whether low-SES Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers exhibited advantages in executive function relative to two monolingual control groups (English, Spanish). Across three experiments, bilingual children exhibited superior performance on two different measures of visual–spatial memory, as well as measures of inhibitory and attentional control. These results suggest that bilinguals exhibit broad advantages in executive function during the preschool years, and these advantages are evident within a disadvantaged, low-SES population.
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- 2021
32. Green Infrastructure Microbial Community Response to Simulated Pulse Precipitation Events in the Semi-Arid Western United States
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Yvette D. Hastings, Rose M. Smith, Kyra A. Mann, Simon Brewer, Ramesh Goel, Sarah Jack Hinners, and Jennifer Follstad Shah
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ecoenzyme activity ,green infrastructure ,microbial biomass ,nitrogen ,plant diversity ,soils ,Hydraulic engineering ,TC1-978 ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Processes driving nutrient retention in stormwater green infrastructure (SGI) are not well quantified in water-limited biomes. We examined the role of plant diversity and physiochemistry as drivers of microbial community physiology and soil N dynamics post precipitation pulses in a semi-arid region experiencing drought. We conducted our study in bioswales receiving experimental water additions and a montane meadow intercepting natural rainfall. Pulses of water generally elevated soil moisture and pH, stimulated ecoenzyme activity (EEA), and increased the concentration of organic matter, proteins, and N pools in both bioswale and meadow soils. Microbial community growth was static, and N assimilation into biomass was limited across pulse events. Unvegetated plots had greater soil moisture than vegetated plots at the bioswale site, yet we detected no clear effect of plant diversity on microbial C:N ratios, EEAs, organic matter content, and N pools. Differences in soil N concentrations in bioswales and the meadow were most directly correlated to changes in organic matter content mediated by ecoenzyme expression and the balance of C, N, and P resources available to microbial communities. Our results add to growing evidence that SGI ecological function is largely comparable to neighboring natural vegetated systems, particularly when soil media and water availability are similar.
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- 2024
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33. Metabolic Control of Sensory Neuron Survival by the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor in Schwann Cells.
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Follis, Rose M, Tep, Chhavy, Genaro-Mattos, Thiago C, Kim, Mi Lyang, Ryu, Jae Cheon, Morrison, Vivianne E, Chan, Jonah R, Porter, Ned, Carter, Bruce D, and Yoon, Sung Ok
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Genetics ,Neurodegenerative ,Neurosciences ,Neurological ,Animals ,Cell Survival ,Cells ,Cultured ,Female ,HEK293 Cells ,Humans ,Male ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Knockout ,Rats ,Receptors ,Nerve Growth Factor ,Schwann Cells ,Sensory Receptor Cells ,cholesterol ,metabolism ,neurotoxicity ,P75 ,Schwann cells ,sensory neurons ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
We report that the neurotrophin receptor p75 contributes to sensory neuron survival through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in Schwann cells. Selective deletion of p75 in mouse Schwann cells of either sex resulted in a 30% loss of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and diminished thermal sensitivity. P75 regulates Schwann cell cholesterol biosynthesis in response to BDNF, forming a co-receptor complex with ErbB2 and activating ErbB2-mediated stimulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2), a master regulator of cholesterol synthesis. Schwann cells lacking p75 exhibited decreased activation of SREBP2 and a reduction in 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) reductase (DHCR7) expression, resulting in accumulation of the neurotoxic intermediate, 7-dehyrocholesterol in the sciatic nerve. Restoration of DHCR7 in p75 null Schwann cells in mice significantly attenuated DRG neuron loss. Together, these results reveal a mechanism by which the disruption of lipid metabolism in glial cells negatively influences sensory neuron survival, which has implications for a wide range of peripheral neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although expressed in Schwann cells, the role of p75 in myelination has remained unresolved in part because of its dual expression in sensory neurons that Schwann cells myelinate. When p75 was deleted selectively among Schwann cells, myelination was minimally affected, while sensory neuron survival was reduced by 30%. The phenotype is mainly due to dysregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis in p75-deficient Schwann cells, leading to an accumulation of neurotoxic cholesterol precursor, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). Mechanism-wise, we discovered that in response to BDNF, p75 recruits and activates ErbB2 independently of ErbB3, thereby stimulating the master regulator, sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2). These results together highlight a novel role of p75 in Schwann cells in regulating DRG neuron survival by orchestrating proper cholesterol metabolism.
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- 2021
34. Time Scavengers: An Educational Website to Communicate Climate Change and Evolutionary Theory to the Public through Blogs, Web Pages, and Social Media Platforms
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Adriane R. Lam, Jennifer E. Bauer, Susanna Fraass, Sarah Sheffield, Maggie R. Limbeck, Rose M. Borden, Megan E. Thompson-Munson, Andrew J. Fraass, J. Michael Hils, Cameron E. Muskelly, Kyle R. Hartshorn, and Raquel Bryant
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Climate change and evolution are topics at the forefront of political discussions, debates, and the public sphere. Regardless of evidence on both topics, the public as a whole still believes they are under debate. It is imperative that the public have access to correct and easy-to-digest information on these topics to make informed environmental and ecological decisions. To date, scientifically accurate digital platforms aimed at informing the public on these topics are overly complex and jargon-ridden. Time Scavengers (www.timescavengers.blog) was created to address these issues and is maintained by a group of academics, graduate students, avocational scientists, and educators. The site includes many informational pages about geology, climate change, and evolution, all written for the public with useful descriptions and figures. To make the process of science more transparent, the site includes blogs to provide insight into data collection and interpretation, field work, and public outreach. The site also includes additional pages with links to relevant content and activities appropriate for K-12 classrooms. The overarching goals of the site are to bridge the gap between scientists and the public through engaging, informational pages and personal experiences and to increase science literacy through easy-to-digest content.
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- 2019
35. Compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids shows that bulk methods provide higher estimates of mercury biomagnification in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
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Lacombe, Rose M., Barst, Benjamin D., Pelletier, David, Guillemette, Magella, Amyot, Marc, Lavoie, Raphaël A., and Elliott, Kyle H.
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- 2024
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36. Generating Meaningful Energy Systems Models for Africa: Bringing expertise, data, and model development 'home' to African countries is interrelated and mutually reinforcing with achieving electrification, development, and climate goals on the continent
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Dioha, Michael O. and Mutiso, Rose M.
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Poverty -- Nigeria ,Alternative energy sources ,Energy industry ,Science and technology ,International Energy Agency - Abstract
About 77% of the 770 million people living without access to electricity today reside in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing access to energy in the region could raise prospects for the [...]
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- 2023
37. Age-related changes in circadian regulation of the human plasma lipidome
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Shadab A. Rahman, Rose M. Gathungu, Vasant R. Marur, Melissa A. St. Hilaire, Karine Scheuermaier, Marina Belenky, Jackson S. Struble, Charles A. Czeisler, Steven W. Lockley, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Jeanne F. Duffy, and Bruce S. Kristal
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Aging alters the amplitude and phase of centrally regulated circadian rhythms. Here we evaluate whether peripheral circadian rhythmicity in the plasma lipidome is altered by aging through retrospective lipidomics analysis on plasma samples collected in 24 healthy individuals (9 females; mean ± SD age: 40.9 ± 18.2 years) including 12 younger (4 females, 23.5 ± 3.9 years) and 12 middle-aged older, (5 females, 58.3 ± 4.2 years) individuals every 3 h throughout a 27-h constant routine (CR) protocol, which allows separating evoked changes from endogenously generated oscillations in physiology. Cosinor regression shows circadian rhythmicity in 25% of lipids in both groups. On average, the older group has a ~14% lower amplitude and a ~2.1 h earlier acrophase of the lipid circadian rhythms (both, p ≤ 0.001). Additionally, more rhythmic circadian lipids have a significant linear component in addition to the sinusoidal across the 27-h CR in the older group (44/56) compared to the younger group (18/58, p
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- 2023
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38. Association of medical conditions and firearm suicide among legal handgun purchasers in California: a case–control study
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Julia P. Schleimer, Rose M. C. Kagawa, and Hannah S. Laqueur
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Firearms ,Suicide ,Suicide prevention ,Mental health ,Selection bias ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Suicide is a pressing public health problem, and firearm owners are at especially elevated risk. Certain health conditions are markers of suicide risk, but more research is needed on clinical risk markers for suicide among firearm owners specifically. Our goal was to examine associations of emergency department and inpatient hospital visits for behavioral and physical health conditions with firearm suicide among handgun purchasers. Methods This was a case–control study of 5415 legal handgun purchasers in California who died between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2013. Cases were firearm suicide decedents; controls were motor vehicle crash decedents. Exposures were emergency department and hospital visits for six categories of health diagnoses in the 3 years prior to death. To account for selection bias due to deceased controls, we used probabilistic quantitative bias analysis to generate bias-adjusted estimates. Results There were 3862 firearm suicide decedents and 1553 motor vehicle crash decedents. In multivariable models, suicidal ideation/attempt (OR 4.92; 95% CI 3.27–7.40), mental illness (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.60–2.43), drug use disorder (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05–1.88), pain (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.07–1.69), and alcohol use disorder (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.01–1.65) were associated with higher odds of firearm suicide. When adjusting for all conditions simultaneously, only the associations for suicidal ideation/attempt and mental illness remained significant. Quantitative bias analysis indicated that observed associations were generally biased downward. For example, the bias-adjusted OR for suicidal ideation/attempt was 8.39 (95% simulation interval 5.46–13.04), almost twice that of the observed OR. Conclusions Diagnoses for behavioral health conditions were markers for firearm suicide risk among handgun purchasers, even for conservative estimates that did not adjust for selection bias. Encounters with the healthcare system may provide opportunities to identify firearm owners at high risk of suicide.
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- 2023
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39. Asymptomatic and slowly progressive anti-MDA5 ILD: A report of three cases deviating from a notoriously rapidly progressive ILD
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Rose M. Puthumana, Abigail L. Koch, ., Christopher Schettino, and Susan J. Vehar
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Anti-MDA5 ,Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 ,Interstitial lung disease ,Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease ,Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Background: Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive (anti-MDA5) dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare autoimmune disease associated with rapidly-progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD.) The reported morbidity and 6-month mortality remains high from 33 to 66 % with RP-ILD most often developing within three months of diagnosis. Most cases require aggressive immunosuppression with combination therapy. Asymptomatic or slowly progressive cases of anti-MDA5 ILD are not well described in the literature. We report three cases of Latino patients with asymptomatic or slowly progressive anti-MDA5 ILD.Case descriptions: Case 1: A 54-year-old woman from Honduras with known diagnosis of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis presented for ILD. She denied respiratory symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) chest showed multifocal patchy areas of scattered groundglass opacities throughout all lobes of the lungs, predominately in a subpleural distribution within the lower lobes. Pulmonary function testing (PFTs) showed mild-to-moderate restriction. She was treated with mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy for her skin manifestations. At 18 months follow-up, she denied respiratory symptoms, and PFTs were normal. Case 2: An 80-year-old man from Cuba was seen in pulmonary clinic to establish care. He was diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis 11 years earlier with positive anti-MDA5. He denied respiratory symptoms. PFTs showed moderate obstruction and mild to moderate restriction. CT chest showed reduced lung volumes and findings compatible with usual interstitial pneumonia. He was started on nintedanib. Fifteen months following the initial visit, his PFTs remained stable. Follow-up CT chest showed stable pulmonary fibrosis. At all subsequent visits, he reported mild to moderate, slowly progressive dyspnea on exertion and was maintained on nintedanib. Thirteen years after his initial ILD diagnosis, he was diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Case 3: A 70-year-old woman from Peru presented to pulmonary clinic with cough for two months. She also reported pain in several metacarpophalangeal joints. She denied dyspnea. Rheumatologic serologies revealed positive anti-MDA5. PFTs were normal. Her cough was treated with cough suppressants and resolved. At a subsequent visit 8 months after presentation, she denied respiratory symptoms, and her joint pain remained mild. Given her lack of respiratory symptoms and normal PFTs, she was not initiated on ILD-specific treatment. Conclusions: While anti-MDA5 ILD is certainly associated with RP-ILD, clinicians should maintain awareness that there may be cases of asymptomatic or slowly progressive ILD as well.
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- 2024
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40. Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in symptomatic dairy cows.
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Rose M Collis, Patrick J Biggs, Sara A Burgess, Anne C Midwinter, Gale Brightwell, and Adrian L Cookson
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human and animal health, with the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials suggested as the main drivers of resistance. Antimicrobial therapy can alter the bacterial community composition and the faecal resistome in cattle. Little is known about the impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in dairy cows in the presence of disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on the faecal microbiome in dairy cows in the pastoral farm environment, by analysing faecal samples from cattle impacted by several different clinically-defined conditions and corresponding antimicrobial treatments. Analysis at the individual animal level showed a decrease in bacterial diversity and richness during antimicrobial treatment but, in many cases, the microbiome diversity recovered post-treatment when the cow re-entered the milking herd. Perturbations in the microbiome composition and the ability of the microbiome to recover were specific at the individual animal level, highlighting that the animal is the main driver of variation. Other factors such as disease severity, the type and duration of antimicrobial treatment and changes in environmental factors may also impact the bovine faecal microbiome. AmpC-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from faeces collected during and post-treatment with ceftiofur from one cow while no third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli were isolated from the untreated cow samples. This isolation of genetically similar plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing E. coli has implications for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and supports the reduction in the use of critically important antimicrobials.
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- 2024
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41. PTFO 8-8695: Two Stars, Two Signals, No Planet
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Bouma, L. G., Winn, J. N., Ricker, G. R., Vanderspek, R., Latham, D. W., Seager, S., Jenkins, J. M., Barclay, T., Collins, K. A., Doty, J. P., Louie, D. R., Quinn, S. N., Rose, M. E., Smith, J. C., Villaseñor, J., and Wohler, B.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
PTFO 8-8695 (CVSO 30) is a star in the 7-10 million year old Orion-OB1a cluster that shows brightness dips that resemble planetary transits. Although strong evidence against the planet hypothesis has been presented, the possibility remains debated in the literature. To obtain further clues, we inspected data from the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the ESA Gaia mission. The Gaia data suggest that PTFO 8-8695 is a binary: the photometric data show it to be overluminous with respect to members of its kinematic group, and the astrometric data are inconsistent with a single star. The TESS light curve shows two different photometric periods. The variability is dominated by a sinusoidal signal with a period of 11.98 hr, presumably caused by stellar rotation. Also present is a 10.76 hr signal consisting of a not-quite sinusoid interrupted by hour-long dips, the type of signal previously interpreted as planetary transits. The phase of the dips is nearly 180$^\circ$ away from the phase of the originally reported dips. As noted previously, this makes them difficult to explain as planetary transits. Instead, we believe that PTFO 8-8695 is a pair of young and rapidly rotating M dwarfs, one of which shows the same "transient-dipper" behavior that has been seen in at least 5 other cases. The origin of these transient dips is still unknown but likely involves circumstellar material., Comment: AAS journals submitted. See also: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1038
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- 2020
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42. SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline
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Roelofs, F., Janssen, M., Natarajan, I., Deane, R., Davelaar, J., Olivares, H., Porth, O., Paine, S. N., Bouman, K. L., Tilanus, R. P. J., van Bemmel, I. M., Falcke, H., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Boland, W., Bower, G. C., Bremer, M., Brinkerink, C. D., Brissenden, R., Britzen, S., Broderick, A. E., Broguiere, D., Bronzwaer, T., Byun, D., Carlstrom, J. E., Chael, A., Chan, C., Chatterjee, S., Chatterjee, K., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cho, I., Christian, P., Conway, J. E., Cordes, J. M., Crew, G. B., Cui, Y., De Laurentis, M., Dempsey, J., Desvignes, G., Dexter, J., Doeleman, S. S., Eatough, R. P., Fish, V. L., Fomalont, E., Fraga-Encinas, R., Friberg, P., Fromm, C. M., Gómez, J. L., Galison, P., Gammie, C. F., García, R., Gentaz, O., Georgiev, B., Goddi, C., Gold, R., Gu, M., Gurwell, M., Hada, K., Hecht, M. H., Hesper, R., Ho, L. C., Ho, P., Honma, M., Huang, C. L., Huang, L., Hughes, D. H., Ikeda, S., Inoue, M., Issaoun, S., James, D. J., Jannuzi, B. T., Jeter, B., Jiang, W., Johnson, M. D., Jorstad, S., Jung, T., Karami, M., Karuppusamy, R., Kawashima, T., Keating, G. K., Kettenis, M., Kim, J., Kino, M., Koay, J. Yi, Koch, P. M., Koyama, S., Kramer, M., Kramer, C., Krichbaum, T. P., Kuo, C., Lauer, T. R., Lee, S., Li, Y., Li, Z., Lindqvist, M., Lico, R., Liu, K., Liuzzo, E., Lo, W., Lobanov, A. P., Loinard, L., Lonsdale, C., Lu, R., MacDonald, N. R., Mao, J., Markoff, S., Marrone, D. P., Marscher, A. P., Martí-Vidal, I., Matsushita, S., Matthews, L. D., Medeiros, L., Menten, K. M., Mizuno, Y., Mizuno, I., Moran, J. M., Moriyama, K., Moscibrodzka, M., Müller, C., Nagai, H., Nagar, N. M., Nakamura, M., Narayan, R., Narayanan, G., Neri, R., Ni, C., Noutsos, A., Okino, H., Ortiz-León, G. N., Oyama, T., Özel, F., Palumbo, D. C. M., Patel, N., Pen, U., Pesce, D. W., Piétu, V., Plambeck, R., PopStefanija, A., Prather, B., Preciado-López, J. A., Psaltis, D., Pu, H., Ramakrishnan, V., Rao, R., Rawlings, M. G., Raymond, A. W., Rezzolla, L., Ripperda, B., Rogers, A., Ros, E., Rose, M., Roshanineshat, A., Rottmann, H., Roy, A. L., Ruszczyk, C., Ryan, B. R., Rygl, K. L. J., Sánchez, S., Sánchez-Arguelles, D., Sasada, M., Savolainen, T., Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, K., Shao, L., Shen, Z., Small, D., Sohn, B. Won, SooHoo, J., Tazaki, F., Tiede, P., Titus, M., Toma, K., Torne, P., Trent, T., Trippe, S., Tsuda, S., van Langevelde, H. J., van Rossum, D. R., Wagner, J., Wardle, J., Ward-Thompson, D., Weintroub, J., Wex, N., Wharton, R., Wielgus, M., Wong, G. N., Wu, Q., Young, A., Young, K., Younsi, Z., Yuan, F., Yuan, Y., Zensus, J. A., Zhao, G., Zhao, S., and Zhu, Z.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Realistic synthetic observations of theoretical source models are essential for our understanding of real observational data. In using synthetic data, one can verify the extent to which source parameters can be recovered and evaluate how various data corruption effects can be calibrated. These studies are important when proposing observations of new sources, in the characterization of the capabilities of new or upgraded instruments, and when verifying model-based theoretical predictions in a comparison with observational data. We present the SYnthetic Measurement creator for long Baseline Arrays (SYMBA), a novel synthetic data generation pipeline for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations. SYMBA takes into account several realistic atmospheric, instrumental, and calibration effects. We used SYMBA to create synthetic observations for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a mm VLBI array, which has recently captured the first image of a black hole shadow. After testing SYMBA with simple source and corruption models, we study the importance of including all corruption and calibration effects. Based on two example general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) model images of M87, we performed case studies to assess the attainable image quality with the current and future EHT array for different weather conditions. The results show that the effects of atmospheric and instrumental corruptions on the measured visibilities are significant. Despite these effects, we demonstrate how the overall structure of the input models can be recovered robustly after performing calibration steps. With the planned addition of new stations to the EHT array, images could be reconstructed with higher angular resolution and dynamic range. In our case study, these improvements allowed for a distinction between a thermal and a non-thermal GRMHD model based on salient features in reconstructed images., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2020
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43. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two planets on the opposite sides of the radius gap transiting the nearby M dwarf LTT 3780
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Nowak, G., Luque, R., Parviainen, H., Pallé, E., Molaverdikhani, K., Béjar, V. J. S., Lillo-Box, J., Rodríguez-López, C., Caballero, J. A., Zechmeister, M., Passegger, V. M., Cifuentes, C., Schweitzer, A., Narita, N., Cale, B., Espinoza, N., Murgas, F., Hidalgo, D., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Pozuelos, F. J., Aceituno, F. J., Amado, P. J., Barkaoui, K., Barrado, D., Bauer, F. F., Benkhaldoun, Z., Caldwell, D. A., Barris, N. Casasayas, Chaturvedi, P., Chen, G., Collins, K. A., Collins, K. I., Cortés-Contreras, M., Crossfield, I. J. M., de León, J. P., Alonso, E. Díez, Dreizler, S., Mufti, M. El, Esparza-Borges, E., Essack, Z., Fukui, A., Gaidos, E., Gillon, M., Gonzales, E. J., Guerra, P., Hatzes, A., Henning, T., Herrero, E., Hesse, K., Hirano, T., Howell, S. B., Jeffers, S. V., Jehin, E., Jenkins, J. M., Kaminski, A., Kemmer, J., Kielkopf, J. F., Kossakowski, D., Kotani, T., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Latham, D. W., Law, N., Lissauer, J. J., Lodieu, N., Madrigal-Aguado, A., Mann, A. W., Massey, B., Matson, R. A., Matthews, E., Montanés-Rodríguez, P., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Mori, M., Nagel, E., Oshagh, M., Pedraz, S., Plavchan, P., Pollacco, D., Quirrenbach, A., Reffert, S., Reiners, A., Ribas, I., Ricker, G. R., Rose, M. E., Schlecker, M., Schlieder, J. E., Seager, S., Stangret, M., Stock, S., Tamura, M., Tanner, A., Teske, J., Trifonov, T., Twicken, J. D., Vanderspek, R., Watanabe, D., Wittrock, J., Ziegler, C., and Zohrabi, F.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d ~ 22 pc), bright (J ~ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI-732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of T_eff = 3360 +\- 51 K, a surface gravity of log(g) = 4.81 +/- 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 +/- 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M_star = 0.379 +/- 0.016 M_sun and a radius of R_star = 0.382 +/- 0.012 R_sun. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (P_b = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35^{+0.06}_{-0.06} R_earth, a mass of 2.34^{+0.24}_{-0.23} M_earth, and a bulk density of 5.24^{+0.94}_{-0.81} g cm^{-3} joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42^{+0.10}_{-0.10} R_earth, mass of 6.29^{+0.63}_{-0.61} M_earth, and mean density of 2.45^{+0.44}_{-0.37} g cm^{-3} belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is an excellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope., Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, submitted to A&A
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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44. A hot terrestrial planet orbiting the bright M dwarf L 168-9 unveiled by TESS
- Author
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Astudillo-Defru, N., Cloutier, R., Wang, S. X., Teske, J., Brahm, R., Hellier, C., Ricker, G., Vanderspek, R., Latham, D., Seager, S., Winn, J. N., Jenkins, J. M., Collins, K. A., Stassun, K. G., Ziegler, C., Almenara, J. M., Anderson, D. R., Artigau, E., Bonfils, X., Bouchy, F., Briceño, C., Butler, R. P., Charbonneau, D., Conti, D. M., Crane, J., Crossfield, I. J . M., Davies, M., Delfosse, X., Díaz, R. F., Doyon, R., Dragomir, D., Eastman, J. D., Espinoza, N., Essack, Z., Feng, F., Figueira, P., Forveille, T., Gan, T., Glidden, A., Guerrero, N., Hart, R., Henning, Th., Horch, E. P., Isopi, G., Jenkins, J. S., Jordán, A., Kielkopf, J. F., Law, N., Lovis, C., Mallia, F., Mann, A. W., de Medeiros, J. R., Melo, C., Mennickent, R. E., Mignon, L., Murgas, F., Nusdeo, D. A., Pepe, F., Relles, H. M., Rose, M., Santos, N. C., Ségransan, D., Shectman, S., Shporer, A., Smith, J. C., Torres, P., Udry, S., Villasenor, J., Winters, J . G., and Zhou, G.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We report the detection of a transiting super-Earth-sized planet (R=1.39+-0.09 Rearth) in a 1.4-day orbit around L 168-9 (TOI-134),a bright M1V dwarf (V=11, K=7.1) located at 25.15+-0.02 pc. The host star was observed in the first sector of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission and, for confirmation and planet mass measurement, was followed up with ground-based photometry, seeing-limited and high-resolution imaging, and precise radial velocity (PRV) observations using the HARPS and PFS spectrographs. Combining the TESS data and PRV observations, we find the mass of L168-9 b to be 4.60+-0.56 Mearth, and thus the bulk density to be 1.74+0.44-0.33 times larger than that of the Earth. The orbital eccentricity is smaller than 0.21 (95% confidence). This planet is a Level One Candidate for the TESS Mission's scientific objective - to measure the masses of 50 small planets - and is one of the most observationally accessible terrestrial planets for future atmospheric characterization., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2020
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45. Growth and characterization of organic 4-hydroxybenzophenone single crystals for nonlinear optical applications
- Author
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Lima Rose, M. L., Suthan, T., Gnanasambandam, C., Sabari Girisun, T. C., and Rajesh, N. P.
- Published
- 2023
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46. Growth and characterization of organic 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone single crystals for nonlinear optical applications
- Author
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Lima Rose, M. L., Suthan, T., Goma, S., Gnanasambandam, C., and Sabari Girisun, T. C.
- Published
- 2023
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47. Starting small: exploring the origins of successor function knowledge
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Schneider, Rose M, Pankonin, Ashlie, Schachner, Adena, and Barner, David
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Psychology ,Cognitive and Computational Psychology ,Applied and Developmental Psychology ,Pediatric ,Clinical Research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Child ,Humans ,Knowledge ,Learning ,Problem Solving ,conceptual development ,counting ,number ,successor function ,Cognitive Sciences ,Linguistics ,Developmental & Child Psychology ,Applied and developmental psychology ,Biological psychology ,Cognitive and computational psychology - Abstract
Although most U. S. children can accurately count sets by 4 years of age, many fail to understand the structural analogy between counting and number - that adding 1 to a set corresponds to counting up 1 word in the count list. While children are theorized to establish this Structure Mapping coincident with learning how counting is used to generate sets, they initially have an item-based understanding of this relationship, and can infer that, e.g, adding 1 to "five" is "six", while failing to infer that, e.g., adding 1 to "twenty-five" is "twenty-six" despite being able to recite these numbers when counting aloud. The item-specific nature of children's successes in reasoning about the relationship between changes in cardinality and the count list raises the possibility that such a Structure Mapping emerges later in development, and that this ability does not initially depend on learning to count. We test this hypothesis in two experiments and find evidence that children can perform item-based addition operations before they become competent counters. Even after children learn to count, we find that their ability to perform addition operations remains item-based and restricted to very small numbers, rather than drawing on generalized knowledge of how the count list represents number. We discuss how these early item-based associations between number words and sets might play a role in constructing a generalized Structure Mapping between counting and quantity.
- Published
- 2021
48. High-Target Hemodiafiltration Convective Dose Achieved in Most Patients in a 6-Month Intermediary Analysis of the CONVINCE Randomized Controlled Trial
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Vernooij, Robin W.M., Hockham, C., Barth, C., Canaud, B., Cromm, K., Davenport, A., Hegbrant, J., Rose, M., Strippoli, G.F.M., Török, M., Woodward, M., Bots, M.L., and Blankestijn, P.J.
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- 2023
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49. Concluding Comments and Looking Ahead
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Ylimaki, Rose M., Brunderman, Lynnette A., Leithwood, Kenneth A., Series Editor, Gu, Qing, Series Editor, Ylimaki, Rose M., editor, and Brunderman, Lynnette A., editor
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- 2022
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50. Strength-Based Approaches to Meeting Culturally Diverse Student Needs
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Ylimaki, Rose M., Brunderman, Lynnette A., Leithwood, Kenneth A., Series Editor, Gu, Qing, Series Editor, Ylimaki, Rose M., editor, and Brunderman, Lynnette A., editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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