41 results on '"Robalino, J."'
Search Results
2. Trans and retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with HugoTM RAS system: Surgical settings and preliminary results
- Author
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Uleri, A., primary, Basile, G., additional, Gaya, J.M., additional, Rodriguez-Faba, O., additional, Territo, A., additional, Gallioli, A., additional, Sanchez, R., additional, Verri, P., additional, Tedde, A., additional, Robalino, J., additional, Palou, J., additional, and Breda, A., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Defining the role of preoperative multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) to predict extracapsular extension in radical prostatectomy specimen
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Sanguedolce, F., primary, Tedde, A., additional, Tedde, M., additional, Hernandez, J., additional, Granados, L., additional, Subiela, J.D., additional, Robalino, J., additional, Suquilanda, E., additional, Palou, J., additional, and Breda, A., additional
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- 2022
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4. Ex-vivo confocal laser microscopy in the intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins during minimally invasive radical prostatectomy
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Gallioli, A., primary, Verri, P., additional, Gaya, J.M., additional, Uleri, A., additional, Baboudjian, M., additional, Territo, A., additional, Sanguedolce, F., additional, Farré, A., additional, Robalino, J., additional, Huguet, J., additional, Diana, P., additional, Algaba, F., additional, Palou, J., additional, and Breda, A., additional
- Published
- 2022
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5. VJY17 - Trans and retroperitoneal robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with HugoTM RAS system: Surgical settings and preliminary results
- Author
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Uleri, A., Basile, G., Gaya, J.M., Rodriguez-Faba, O., Territo, A., Gallioli, A., Sanchez, R., Verri, P., Tedde, A., Robalino, J., Palou, J., and Breda, A.
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. PE076 - The complementary role of laparoscopy in the era of robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy: A single center experience
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Uleri, A., Gallioli, A., Robalino, J., Basile, G., Farré, A., Territo, A., Casadevall, M., Gaya, J.M., Rodriguez-Faba, O., Palou, J., and Breda, A.
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
7. EO2 - Defining the role of preoperative multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) to predict extracapsular extension in radical prostatectomy specimen
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Sanguedolce, F., Tedde, A., Tedde, M., Hernandez, J., Granados, L., Subiela, J.D., Robalino, J., Suquilanda, E., Palou, J., and Breda, A.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. VE27 - Ex-vivo confocal laser microscopy in the intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins during minimally invasive radical prostatectomy
- Author
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Gallioli, A., Verri, P., Gaya, J.M., Uleri, A., Baboudjian, M., Territo, A., Sanguedolce, F., Farré, A., Robalino, J., Huguet, J., Diana, P., Algaba, F., Palou, J., and Breda, A.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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9. Silenciamiento de posibles genes antivirales en litopenaeus vannamei y su efecto en la susceptibilidad al virus del síndrome de la mancha blanca (wssv)
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Mirabá, M., Morán, A., and Robalino, J.
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RESPUESTA ANTIVIRAL ,ARNI ,GENES ,DSRNA - Abstract
In this study, the antiviral roles of 54 candidate genes from Litopenaeus vannamei, was evaluated. An experimental infection system was used, to assess the susceptibility to WSSV of shrimp where each one of the 54 candidate genes was knocked down by means of RNAi. For 41% of genes (22 genes) high levels of mortality were observed as a result of their silencing, independently of whether the animals were experimentally infected with WSSV, and thus their possible roles in the antiviral response could not be determined. Among the remaining 59% of genes, a phenotype of interest was observed for only one gene, whose silencing resulted in significant protection from the lethality of WSSV infection. We propose based on these data that this gene, which seems to encode a putative protease, may participate in regulating the life cycle and/or the pathogenicity of WSSV. Future studies will be needed to verify the phenotypes observed in this study, and especially to determine the possible roles of the gene identified here as a putative protease in regulating the WSSV-host interaction.
- Published
- 2011
10. Empirical analysis of policymixes in biodiversity conservation – a spatially explicit 'policyscape' approaches
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Barton, D.N., Primmer, E., Ring, Irene, Adamowicz, V., Robalino, J., Blumentrath, S., Rusch, G., Barton, D.N., Primmer, E., Ring, Irene, Adamowicz, V., Robalino, J., Blumentrath, S., and Rusch, G.
- Abstract
The paper reviews empirical methods that could be mobilised to evaluate the concept of a costeffectivepolicymix for biodiversity conservation in a given lanscape, by employing ‘policyscape’ asthe spatial expression of the policy mix. Empirical methods that can be used to evaluatecombinations of policy instruments in specific landscapes are compared. Case study examples fromthe literature are reviewed and we identify theoretical and data commonalities betweenmethodologies. The paper concludes with methodology recommendations for spatial evaluation ofthe cost-effectiveness of economic instruments in combination with regulatory instruments.
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- 2011
11. Ecopayments and Deforestation in Costa Rica: A Nationwide Analysis of PSA's Initial Years
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Robalino, J., primary and Pfaff, A., additional
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- 2013
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12. Protecting forests, biodiversity, and the climate: predicting policy impact to improve policy choice
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Pfaff, A., primary and Robalino, J., additional
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- 2012
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13. Changing the deforestation impacts of Eco-/REDD payments: Evolution (2000-2005) in Costa Rica's PSA program
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Pfaff, Alexander, primary, Robalino, J, additional, Sanchez, A, additional, Alpizar, F, additional, Leon, C, additional, and Rodriguez, C M, additional
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- 2009
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14. Location affects protection & the generation of REDD: Observable characteristics drive park impacts in Costa Rica
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Pfaff, Alexander, primary, Robalino, J, additional, Sanchez, A, additional, Andam, K, additional, and Ferraro, P, additional
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- 2009
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15. Analysis of multiple tissue-specific cDNA libraries from the Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
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O'Leary, N. A., primary, Trent, H. F., additional, Robalino, J., additional, Peck, M. E. T., additional, McKillen, D. J., additional, and Gross, P. S., additional
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- 2006
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16. EcoGenomics: analysis of complex systems via fractal geometry
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Chapman, R. W., primary, Robalino, J., additional, and F. Trent, H., additional
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- 2006
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17. Total intravenous anesthesia including ketamine versus volatile gas anesthesia for combat-related operative traumatic brain injury.
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Grathwohl KW, Black IH, Spinella PC, Sweeney J, Robalino J, Helminiak J, Grimes J, Gullick R, and Wade CE
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- 2008
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18. Estudio socio-económico de la ciudad de Macas
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Carrasco Vintimilla, Adrián, Déleg Q., Carlos, Donoso U., Manuel, Guerrero C., Germán, Muñoz C., Francisco, Robalino J., Sonia, Sarmiento A., Bertha, Carrasco Vintimilla, Adrián, Déleg Q., Carlos, Donoso U., Manuel, Guerrero C., Germán, Muñoz C., Francisco, Robalino J., Sonia, and Sarmiento A., Bertha
- Published
- 1975
19. Additionality and protected areas: effect of national protected areas on deforestation in the lowlands of Bolivia (1991 - 2005)
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Butrón Ledezma, Susan L., Robalino, J., and CATIE - Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza
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MUESTREO ,TÉCNICAS ANALÍTICAS ,DEFORESTACIÓN ,BOLIVIA ,POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL ,PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL ,EVALUACIÓN DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ,Sede Central ,IMPACTO AMBIENTAL ,TIERRAS BAJAS ,ZONAS PROTEGIDAS - Abstract
Tesis (Mag.Sc.) - CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2011 El objetivo de este documento es estimar el efecto del establecimiento de APN sobre la deforestación en las tierras bajas de Bolivia entre 1991 - 2005. La metodología que se utilizó fue diferencias en diferencias después de asociar observaciones tratadas (dentro de parques) con observaciones no tratadas (fuera de parques) para asegurar que las características observables en promedio sean similares entre estos grupos. Se encontró que las áreas protegidas cerca de la red vial fundamental y cerca de los centros poblados lograron evitar significativamente mayor deforestación que las áreas protegidas lejos de la red vial fundamental y lejos de los centros poblados. The goal of this document is to estimate the effect of NPA on deforestation in lowland Bolivia between 1991 - 2005. The method used to estimate these effects was Difference in Difference (DID) after matching treated observations (observations within NPA) with control observations (observations outside NPAs) to make sure that the two groups were in averaged similar in the observable characteristics. To identify the characteristics of the areas inside NPA that are associated with higher additionality, subsample analysis were carried out.
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- 2011
20. The effects of national parks on local communities' wages and employment in Costa Rica
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Villalobos Fiatt, L. and Robalino, J.
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CONSERVACION DE LOS RECURSOS ,ENTORNO SOCIOECONOMICO ,ENCUESTAS ,BIENESTAR SOCIAL ,COSTA RICA ,METODOS ESTADISTICOS ,POLITICAS ,PARQUES NACIONALES ,EMPLEO - Abstract
Tesis (M. Sc) -- CATIE, Turrialba (Costa Rica), 2009 mientras que para los trabajadores lejos de las entradas las probabilidades son iguales. Mediante encuestas de hogares con alta desagregación espacial,este estudio explora como los parques nacionales han afectado los salarios y el empleo en Costa Rica para el período 2000-2007.Se muestran las condiciones bajo las cuales los efectos en el bienestar social pueden ser positivos o negativos en diferentes zonas del parque, o incluso entre grupos sociales. También se realizan observaciones de campo para validar el análisis estadístico. Se encontró que los salarios cerca de los parques aumentan únicamente para los trabajadores que viven cerca de las entradas al parque. Los trabajadores cerca de los parques pero lejos de las entradas ganan salarios similares a aquellos trabajadores lejos de los parques. Adicionalmente, los trabajadores cerca de las entradas a los parques tienen menores probabilidades de estar desempleados, en comparación con otras áreas rurales Using household surveys with highly disaggregated geographic reference, this study explores how national parks have affected wages and unemployment in Costa Rica for the period 2000-2007.Conditions in which the effects on local welfare can be positive or negative in different areas of the parks or even within social groups are shown. Also, field observations were conducted to validate the statistical analysis. It was found that wages close to parks are higher only when located close to tourists’ entrances. Also, workers close to parks but far away from tourists’ entrances earn similar wages than those workers far away from parks. Additionally, workers close to park entrances have fewer probabilities to be unemployed compared with other rural areas, meanwhile far from entrance the chances are the same.
- Published
- 2009
21. Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) as a Conditioning Activity for Roundhouse Kick ( mawashi geri ) Performance in Karate.
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Robalino J, Cambri LT, Cavalcante A, Franchini E, Mezêncio B, and Ferreira JC
- Abstract
Karate athletes strategically use lower-limb techniques in combat, with the roundhouse kick ( mawashi geri ) being highly effective in kumite. To quickly improve the technical performance before training or competitions, conditioning activities (CAs) are often utilized. Recently, Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) has emerged as a potential conditioning activity (CA). This study aimed to analyze the acute effects of WBV as a CA on the performance of the mawashi geri . The sample included sixteen male karate athletes. The study had a familiarization and two experimental sessions: one with WBV and the other without (NWBV), conducted randomly and counterbalanced, each preceded and followed by a mawashi geri assessment on a force platform. During the CA intervention, the participants performed four sets of isometric half-squats on a vibration platform at a frequency of 26 Hz and an amplitude of 4 mm in the WBV condition, while the platform was off in the NWBV condition. A significant reduction in the mawashi geri attack phase time was observed under the WBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.03 s; post: 0.30 ± 0.03 s] compared to the NWBV condition [pre: 0.31 ± 0.04 s; post: 0.32 ± 0.03 s] ( p = 0.02). However, no differences were noted regarding the impact force or other kinetic variables between the conditions. Therefore, WBV did not increase the performance of the kinetic and kinematic variables of the mawashi geri in karate athletes, but it is possible that there is a positive effect on attack time, suggesting that further studies with different vibration protocol configurations would be beneficial.
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- 2024
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22. Factors Influencing the Use of Evidence-based Instructional Practices by Community College Biology Instructors.
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Archie T, Wise SB, Robalino J, and Laursen S
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- Universities, Humans, Students, Faculty, Evidence-Based Practice education, Teaching, Male, Female, Residence Characteristics, Curriculum, Surveys and Questionnaires, Biology education
- Abstract
Evidence-based instructional practices (EBIPs) have been shown to benefit students in undergraduate biology, but little is known about the degree to which community college (CC) biology instructors use EBIPs or the barriers they encounter. We surveyed CC biology instructors to characterize how they use EBIPs, their capacity to use EBIPs, and perceived barriers to their use, and to explore which factors are associated with EBIP use. CC biology instructors report using EBIPs to a similar degree as other populations of undergraduate biology faculty; they generally believe EBIPs to be effective and are motivated to use EBIPs. Consistent with the theory of planned behavior, instructor belief in EBIP effectiveness, collegial support, and perceived knowledge of and skill in using EBIPs positively influence their use. The main barriers to using EBIPs reported by CC instructors included the need to cover large amounts of course content, lack of time to prepare for using EBIPs, and student resistance. Our findings point to a number of approaches that may promote the use of EBIPs by CC biology instructors, including professional development to increase instructor knowledge and skill, addressing tensions between content volume and the use of EBIPs, and providing resources to make implementing EBIPs time efficient., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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- 2024
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23. Advanced glycation end products of dietary origin and their association with inflammation in diabetes - A minireview.
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Pedreanez A, Robalino J, Tene D, and Salazar P
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- Humans, Diet adverse effects, Maillard Reaction, Inflammation, Glycation End Products, Advanced metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus
- Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse group of compounds that are formed as a result of the non-enzymatic reaction between a reducing sugar such as glucose and the free NH2 groups of an amino acid in a protein or other biomolecule. The chemical reaction, by which these products are generated, is known as the Maillard reaction and occurs as a part of the body's normal metabolism. Such a reaction is enhanced during diabetes due to hyperglycemia, but it can also occur during the preparation, processing, and preservation of certain foods. Therefore, AGEs can also be obtained from the diet (d-AGE) and contribute to an increase of the total serum pool of these compounds. They have been implicated in a wide variety of pathological processes, mainly because of their ability to induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress increase. They are extensively accumulated as a part of the normal aging, especially in tissues rich in long half-life proteins, which can compromise the physiology of these tissues. d-AGEs are abundant in diets rich in processed fats and sugars. This review is addressed to the current knowledge on these products and their impact on the immunomodulation of various mechanisms that may contribute to exacerbation of the diabetes pathophysiology., (© 2024 Adriana Pedreanez et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2024
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24. Simultaneous Bilateral Video-Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy for Penile Carcinoma: Surgical Setting, Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Oncological Outcomes.
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Gaya JM, Basile G, Gavrilov P, Gallioli A, Territo A, Robalino J, Hernandez P, Sanchez-Molina R, Bravo A, Algaba F, Huguet J, Sanguedolce F, Palou J, Rosales A, and Breda A
- Abstract
Introduction: Inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) plays an important role for both staging and treatment purposes in patients diagnosed with penile carcinoma (PeCa). Video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) has been introduced to reduce complications, and in those patients elected for bilateral ILND, a simultaneous bilateral VEIL (sB-VEIL) has also been proposed. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and preliminary oncological outcomes of sB-VEIL compared to consecutive bilateral VEIL (cB-VEIL)., Material and Methods: Clinical N0-2 patients diagnosed with PeCa and treated with cB-VEIL and sB-VEIL between 2015 and 2023 at our institution were included. Modified ILND was performed in cN0 patients, while cN+ patients underwent a radical approach. Intra- and postoperative complications, operative time, time of drainage maintenance, length of hospital stay and readmission within 90 days, as well as lymph node yield, were compared between the two groups., Results: Overall, 30 patients were submitted to B-VEIL. Of these, 20 and 10 patients underwent cB-VEIL and sB-VEIL, respectively. Overall, 16 (80%) and 7 (70%) patients were submitted to radical ILND due to cN1-2 disease in the cB-VEIL and sB-VEIL groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference emerged in terms of median nodal yield (13.5 vs. 14, p = 0.7) and median positive LNs ( p = 0.9). sD-VEIL was associated with a shorter operative time (170 vs. 240 min, p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference emerged in terms of intraoperative estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, time to drainage tube removal, major complications, and hospital readmission in the cB-VEIL and sB-VEIL groups, respectively (all p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Simultaneous bilateral VEIL is a feasible and safe technique in patients with PeCA, showing similar oncological results and shorter operative time compared to a consecutive bilateral approach. Patients with higher preoperative comorbidity burden or anesthesiological risk are those who may benefit the most from this technique.
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- 2023
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25. Diabetes, heart damage, and angiotensin II. What is the relationship link between them? A minireview.
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Pedreanez A, Mosquera J, Munoz N, Robalino J, and Tene D
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- Angiotensin II metabolism, Heart, Humans, Renin-Angiotensin System physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Cardiomyopathies, Heart Injuries
- Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the diabetic patients, in whom changes in myocardial structure and function have been described. Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed that could contribute to the development of a cardiac damage. In this regard, angiotensin II (Ang II), a proinflammatory peptide that constitutes the main effector of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has taken a relevant role. The aim of this review was to analyze the role of Ang II in the different biochemical pathways that could be involved in the development of cardiovascular damage during diabetes. We performed an exhaustive review in the main databases, using the following terms: angiotensin II, cardiovascular damage, renin angiotensin system, inflammation, and diabetes mellitus. Classically, the RAS has been defined as a complex system of enzymes, receptors, and peptides that help control the blood pressure and the fluid homeostasis. However, in recent years, this concept has undergone substantial changes. Although this system has been known for decades, recent discoveries in cellular and molecular biology, as well as cardiovascular physiology, have introduced a better understanding of its function and relationship to the development of the diabetic cardiomyopathy., (© 2022 Adriana Pedreanez et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2022
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26. Nanoantibodies: small molecules, big possibilities.
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Pedreáñez A, Mosquera-Sulbarán J, Muñóz N, Tene D, and Robalino J
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Camelids (camels, dromedaries, alpacas, llamas, and vicuñas) contain in their serum conventional heterodimeric antibodies as well as antibodies with no light chains (L) in their structure and composed of only heavy chains (H), called as HcAbs (heavy chain antibodies). Variable fragments derived from these antibodies, called as VHH or nanoantibodies (Nbs), have also been described. Since their discovery, Nbs have been widely used in the fields of research, diagnostics, and pharmacotherapy. Despite being approximately one-tenth the size of a conventional antibody, they retain similar specificity and affinity to conventional antibodies and are much easier to clone and manipulate. Their unique properties such as small size, high stability, strong antigen binding affinity, water solubility, and natural origin make them suitable for the development of biopharmaceuticals and nanoreagents. The present review aims to describe the main structural and biochemical characteristics of these antibodies and to provide an update on their applications in research, biotechnology, and medicine. For this purpose, an exhaustive search of the biomedical literature was performed in the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Meta-analyses, observational studies, review articles, and clinical guidelines were reviewed. Only original articles were considered to assess the quality of the evidence., (© 2021 Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences.)
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- 2021
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27. Impacts of protected areas vary with the level of government: Comparing avoided deforestation across agencies in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Herrera D, Pfaff A, and Robalino J
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- Brazil, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Policy, Government Agencies standards
- Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are the leading tools to conserve forests. However, given their mixed effectiveness, we want to know when they have impacts internally and, if they do, when they have spillovers. Political economy posits roles for the level of government. One hypothesis is that federal PAs avoid more internal deforestation than state PAs since federal agencies consider gains for other jurisdictions. Such political differences as well as economic mechanisms can cause PA spillovers to vary greatly, even from "leakage," more deforestation elsewhere, to "blockage," less deforestation elsewhere. We examine internal impacts and local spillovers for Brazilian Amazon federal and state agencies. Outside the region's "arc of deforestation," we confirm little internal impact and show no spillovers. In the "arc," we test impacts by state, as states are large and feature considerably different dynamics. For internal impacts, estimates for federal PAs and indigenous lands are higher than for state PAs. For local spillover impacts, estimates for most arc states either are not significant or are not robust; however, for Pará, federal PAs and indigenous lands feature both internal impacts and local spillovers. Yet, the spillovers in Pará go in opposite directions across agencies, leakage for indigenous lands but blockage for federal PAs, suggesting a stronger external signal from the environmental agency. Across all these tools, only federal PAs lower deforestation internally and nearby. Results suggest that agencies' objectives and capacities are critical parts of the contexts for conservation strategies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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28. The impact of protected area governance and management capacity on ecosystem function in Central America.
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Muñoz Brenes CL, Jones KW, Schlesinger P, Robalino J, and Vierling L
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- Central America, Confidence Intervals, Geography, Plants, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are a prominent approach to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services. A critical question for safeguarding these resources is how PA governance processes and management structures influence their effectiveness. We conduct an impact evaluation of 12 PAs in three Central American countries to assess how processes in management restrictions, management capacity, and decentralization affect the annual change in the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI varies with greenness that relates to plant production, biomass, and important ecosystem functions related to biodiversity and ecosystem services such as water quality and carbon storage. Any loss of vegetation cover in the form of deforestation or degradation would show up as a decrease in NDVI values over time and gains in vegetation cover and regeneration as an increase in NDVI values. Management restriction categories are based on international classifications of strict versus multiple-use PAs, and capacity and decentralization categories are based on key informant interviews of PA managers. We use matching to create a counterfactual of non-protected observations and a matching estimator and regression to estimate treatment effects of each sub-sample. On average, strict and multiple-use PAs have a significant and positive effect on NDVI compared to non-protected land uses. Both high and low decentralized PAs also positively affect NDVI. High capacity PAs have a positive and significant effect on NDVI, while low capacity PAs have a negative effect on NDVI. Our findings advance knowledge on how governance and management influence PA effectiveness and suggest that capacity may be more important than governance type or management restrictions in maintaining and enhancing NDVI. This paper also provides a guide for future studies to incorporate measures of PA governance and management into impact evaluations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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29. Are government incentives effective for avoided deforestation in the tropical Andean forest?
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Cuenca P, Robalino J, Arriagada R, and Echeverría C
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Government, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests
- Abstract
In order to ensure the provision of goods and services from forests, many governments have promoted less-traditional conservation initiatives such as programs of payments for ecosystem services called, more broadly, direct payments for conservation. The Socio Bosque Program (SBP) is a governmental program in Ecuador that directly provides economic incentives to rural families and local and indigenous communities who have voluntarily agreed to comply with some conservation activities. An impact evaluation method (matching) was used to assess the impact of the SBP between 2008 and 2014. This study revealed that on average, the SBP reduced deforestation by 1.5% in those forests that received the SBP's direct payment. These forests would have been deforested if the SBP had not been implemented. Assessment of the impact of the SBP on individual and collective contracts, using the matching method, revealed that 3.4% and roughly 1% of the forest would have been deforested in the absence of the program, respectively. In other words, the protected area in the collective SBP was 1,247,500 ha and, if the SBP had not been implemented, an area of 11,227 ha would have been lost between 2008 and 2014. The 165,700 ha protected by the individual SBP, it was estimated that 5,733 ha were not deforested due to the implementation of the conservation program. Conventional estimates of the impact of the SBP tend to overestimate avoided deforestation because they do not control for observable covariates that correlate with or affect both SBP participation and deforestation. The conclusions are robust, even given potential hidden biases. The present study demonstrated that the SBP serves to mitigate the effects of climate change, especially with those contracts that are intended for individual owners., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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30. The Origin of Large-Bodied Shrimp that Dominate Modern Global Aquaculture.
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Robalino J, Wilkins B, Bracken-Grissom HD, Chan TY, and O'Leary MA
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- Animals, Aquaculture, Biological Evolution, Body Size, Female, Fossils, Global Warming, History, Ancient, Male, Phylogeny, Wetlands, Penaeidae anatomy & histology, Penaeidae genetics
- Abstract
Several shrimp species from the clade Penaeidae are farmed industrially for human consumption, and this farming has turned shrimp into the largest seafood commodity in the world. The species that are in demand for farming are an anomaly within their clade because they grow to much larger sizes than other members of Penaeidae. Here we trace the evolutionary history of the anomalous farmed shrimp using combined data phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil species. We show that exquisitely preserved fossils of †Antrimpos speciosus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen limestone belong to the same clade as the species that dominate modern farming, dating the origin of this clade to at least 145 mya. This finding contradicts a much younger Late Cretaceous age (ca. 95 mya) previously estimated for this clade using molecular clocks. The species in the farmed shrimp clade defy a widespread tendency, by reaching relatively large body sizes despite their warm water lifestyles. Small body sizes have been shown to be physiologically favored in warm aquatic environments because satisfying oxygen demands is difficult for large organisms breathing in warm water. Our analysis shows that large-bodied, farmed shrimp have more gills than their smaller-bodied shallow-water relatives, suggesting that extra gills may have been key to the clade's ability to meet oxygen demands at a large size. Our combined data phylogenetic tree also suggests that, during penaeid evolution, the adoption of mangrove forests as habitats for young shrimp occurred multiple times independently.
- Published
- 2016
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31. Protected area types, strategies and impacts in Brazil's Amazon: public protected area strategies do not yield a consistent ranking of protected area types by impact.
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Pfaff A, Robalino J, Sandoval C, and Herrera D
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- Brazil, Ecosystem, Forestry, Politics, Public Policy, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forests
- Abstract
The leading policy to conserve forest is protected areas (PAs). Yet, PAs are not a single tool: land users and uses vary by PA type; and public PA strategies vary in the extent of each type and in the determinants of impact for each type, i.e. siting and internal deforestation. Further, across regions and time, strategies respond to pressures (deforestation and political). We estimate deforestation impacts of PA types for a critical frontier, the Brazilian Amazon. We separate regions and time periods that differ in their deforestation and political pressures and document considerable variation in PA strategies across regions, time periods and types. The siting of PAs varies across regions. For example, all else being equal, PAs in the arc of deforestation are relatively far from non-forest, while in other states they are relatively near. Internal deforestation varies across time periods, e.g. it is more similar across the PA types for PAs after 2000. By contrast, after 2000, PA extent is less similar across PA types with little non-indigenous area created inside the arc. PA strategies generate a range of impacts for PA types--always far higher within the arc--but not a consistent ranking of PA types by impact., (© 2015 The Author(s).)
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- 2015
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32. Protected Areas' Impacts on Brazilian Amazon Deforestation: Examining Conservation-Development Interactions to Inform Planning.
- Author
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Pfaff A, Robalino J, Herrera D, and Sandoval C
- Subjects
- Brazil, Cities, Ecosystem, Forests, Social Change, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Forestry methods, Social Planning
- Abstract
Protected areas are the leading forest conservation policy for species and ecoservices goals and they may feature in climate policy if countries with tropical forest rely on familiar tools. For Brazil's Legal Amazon, we estimate the average impact of protection upon deforestation and show how protected areas' forest impacts vary significantly with development pressure. We use matching, i.e., comparisons that are apples-to-apples in observed land characteristics, to address the fact that protected areas (PAs) tend to be located on lands facing less pressure. Correcting for that location bias lowers our estimates of PAs' forest impacts by roughly half. Further, it reveals significant variation in PA impacts along development-related dimensions: for example, the PAs that are closer to roads and the PAs closer to cities have higher impact. Planners have multiple conservation and development goals, and are constrained by cost, yet still conservation planning should reflect what our results imply about future impacts of PAs.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Evaluating interactions of forest conservation policies on avoided deforestation.
- Author
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Robalino J, Sandoval C, Barton DN, Chacon A, and Pfaff A
- Subjects
- Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Costa Rica, Ecosystem, Geography, Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources legislation & jurisprudence, Forests
- Abstract
We estimate the effects on deforestation that have resulted from policy interactions between parks and payments and between park buffers and payments in Costa Rica between 2000 and 2005. We show that the characteristics of the areas where protected and unprotected lands are located differ significantly. Additionally, we find that land characteristics of each of the policies and of the places where they interact also differ significantly. To adequately estimate the effects of the policies and their interactions, we use matching methods. Matching is implemented not only to define adequate control groups, as in previous research, but also to define those groups of locations under the influence of policies that are comparable to each other. We find that it is more effective to locate parks and payments away from each other, rather than in the same location or near each other. The high levels of enforcement inside both parks and lands with payments, and the presence of conservation spillovers that reduce deforestation near parks, significantly reduce the potential impact of combining these two policies.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Insights into the immune transcriptome of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: tissue-specific expression profiles and transcriptomic responses to immune challenge.
- Author
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Robalino J, Almeida JS, McKillen D, Colglazier J, Trent HF 3rd, Chen YA, Peck ME, Browdy CL, Chapman RW, Warr GW, and Gross PS
- Subjects
- Animals, Aquaculture, DNA Primers, Expressed Sequence Tags, Gills metabolism, Hemocytes metabolism, Hepatopancreas immunology, Hepatopancreas metabolism, Muscles metabolism, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Oxidative Stress physiology, Penaeidae genetics, Penaeidae immunology, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation immunology, Penaeidae metabolism, Penaeidae virology, White spot syndrome virus 1
- Abstract
Infectious disease constitutes a major obstacle to the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture worldwide and a significant threat to natural populations of shrimp and other crustacea. The study of the shrimp immune system, including the response to viral infection, has been hampered by a relative lack of molecular genetic information and of tools suitable for high-throughput assessment of gene expression. In this report, the generation of a cDNA microarray encompassing 2,469 putative unigenes expressed in gills, circulating hemocytes, and hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei is described. The unigenes printed on the microarray were derived from the analyses of 7,021 expressed sequence tags obtained from standard cDNA libraries as well as from libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization, after challenging shrimp with a variety of immune stimuli. The general utility of the cDNA microarray was demonstrated by interrogating the array with labeled RNA from four different shrimp tissues (gills, hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and muscle) and by analyzing the transcriptomic response of shrimp to a lethal challenge with white spot syndrome virus. Our results indicate that white spot syndrome virus infection upregulates (in the hepatopancreas) genes encoding known and potential antimicrobial effectors, while some genes involved in protection from oxidative stress were found to be downregulated by the virus.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Double-stranded RNA and antiviral immunity in marine shrimp: inducible host mechanisms and evidence for the evolution of viral counter-responses.
- Author
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Robalino J, Bartlett TC, Chapman RW, Gross PS, Browdy CL, and Warr GW
- Subjects
- Animals, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering, Penaeidae genetics, Penaeidae immunology, Penaeidae virology, RNA, Double-Stranded immunology, Virus Diseases immunology
- Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a common virus-associated molecular pattern and a potent inducer of antiviral responses in many organisms. While it is clear that the specific RNA interference (RNAi) response, a phenomenon triggered by dsRNA, serves antiviral functions in invertebrates, innate (non-specific) antiviral immune reactions induced by dsRNA (e.g. the Interferon response) have long been thought to be restricted to vertebrates. Recent work in an underappreciated experimental model, the penaeid shrimp, is challenging these traditional distinctions, by demonstrating the existence of both innate (non sequence-specific) and RNAi-related (sequence-specific) antiviral phenomena in crustacea. Here we discuss the evidence for this bivalent role of dsRNA in the initiation of antiviral responses in shrimp, and present new data that suggest that the antiviral functions of the shrimp RNAi machinery have imposed selective pressures on an evolving viral pathogen. These findings open the door for the discovery of novel mechanisms of innate immunity, and provide a basis for the future development of strategies to control viral diseases in the commercially important penaeid shrimp.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Double-stranded RNA induces sequence-specific antiviral silencing in addition to nonspecific immunity in a marine shrimp: convergence of RNA interference and innate immunity in the invertebrate antiviral response?
- Author
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Robalino J, Bartlett T, Shepard E, Prior S, Jaramillo G, Scura E, Chapman RW, Gross PS, Browdy CL, and Warr GW
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Injections, Intramuscular, Penaeidae virology, Virus Replication, White spot syndrome virus 1 drug effects, White spot syndrome virus 1 genetics, White spot syndrome virus 1 physiology, Immunity, Innate, Penaeidae genetics, Penaeidae immunology, RNA Interference, RNA, Double-Stranded administration & dosage, White spot syndrome virus 1 immunology
- Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a common by-product of viral infections and a potent inducer of innate antiviral immune responses in vertebrates. In the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, innate antiviral immunity is also induced by dsRNA in a sequence-independent manner. In this study, the hypothesis that dsRNA can evoke not only innate antiviral immunity but also a sequence-specific antiviral response in shrimp was tested. It was found that viral sequence-specific dsRNA affords potent antiviral immunity in vivo, implying the involvement of RNA interference (RNAi)-like mechanisms in the antiviral response of the shrimp. Consistent with the activation of RNAi by virus-specific dsRNA, endogenous shrimp genes could be silenced in a systemic fashion by the administration of cognate long dsRNA. While innate antiviral immunity, sequence-dependent antiviral protection, and gene silencing could all be induced by injection of long dsRNA molecules, injection of short interfering RNAs failed to induce similar responses, suggesting a size requirement for extracellular dsRNA to engage antiviral mechanisms and gene silencing. We propose a model of antiviral immunity in shrimp by which viral dsRNA engages not only innate immune pathways but also an RNAi-like mechanism to induce potent antiviral responses in vivo.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Marine genomics: a clearing-house for genomic and transcriptomic data of marine organisms.
- Author
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McKillen DJ, Chen YA, Chen C, Jenny MJ, Trent HF 3rd, Robalino J, McLean DC Jr, Gross PS, Chapman RW, Warr GW, and Almeida JS
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa genetics, Databases, Genetic, Dolphins genetics, Expressed Sequence Tags, Fishes genetics, Genome, Internet, Mollusca genetics, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Species Specificity, United States, Computational Biology methods, Genomics methods, Transcription, Genetic
- Abstract
Background: The Marine Genomics project is a functional genomics initiative developed to provide a pipeline for the curation of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and gene expression microarray data for marine organisms. It provides a unique clearing-house for marine specific EST and microarray data and is currently available at http://www.marinegenomics.org., Description: The Marine Genomics pipeline automates the processing, maintenance, storage and analysis of EST and microarray data for an increasing number of marine species. It currently contains 19 species databases (over 46,000 EST sequences) that are maintained by registered users from local and remote locations in Europe and South America in addition to the USA. A collection of analysis tools are implemented. These include a pipeline upload tool for EST FASTA file, sequence trace file and microarray data, an annotative text search, automated sequence trimming, sequence quality control (QA/QC) editing, sequence BLAST capabilities and a tool for interactive submission to GenBank. Another feature of this resource is the integration with a scientific computing analysis environment implemented by MATLAB., Conclusion: The conglomeration of multiple marine organisms with integrated analysis tools enables users to focus on the comprehensive descriptions of transcriptomic responses to typical marine stresses. This cross species data comparison and integration enables users to contain their research within a marine-oriented data management and analysis environment.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Induction of antiviral immunity by double-stranded RNA in a marine invertebrate.
- Author
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Robalino J, Browdy CL, Prior S, Metz A, Parnell P, Gross P, and Warr G
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA Viruses physiology, Poly C immunology, Poly G immunology, Poly I-C immunology, RNA Viruses physiology, DNA Viruses immunology, Penaeidae immunology, Penaeidae virology, RNA Viruses immunology, RNA, Double-Stranded immunology
- Abstract
Vertebrates mount a strong innate immune response against viruses, largely by activating the interferon system. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a common intermediate formed during the life cycle of many viruses, is a potent trigger of this response. In contrast, no general inducible antiviral defense mechanism has been reported in any invertebrate. Here we show that dsRNA induces antiviral protection in the marine crustacean Litopenaeus vannamei. When treated with dsRNA, shrimp showed increased resistance to infection by two unrelated viruses, white spot syndrome virus and Taura syndrome virus. Induction of this antiviral state is independent of the sequence of the dsRNA used and therefore distinct from the sequence-specific dsRNA-mediated genetic interference phenomenon. This demonstrates for the first time that an invertebrate immune system, like its vertebrate counterparts, can recognize dsRNA as a virus-associated molecular pattern, resulting in the activation of an innate antiviral response.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Two zebrafish eIF4E family members are differentially expressed and functionally divergent.
- Author
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Robalino J, Joshi B, Fahrenkrug SC, and Jagus R
- Subjects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Biological Evolution, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Cell Cycle Proteins, DNA, Complementary metabolism, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Escherichia coli metabolism, Eukaryotic Initiation Factors metabolism, Female, Genetic Complementation Test, Genetic Vectors, Glutathione Transferase metabolism, Humans, Immunoblotting, Isoelectric Focusing, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Ovary metabolism, Phosphoproteins metabolism, Plasmids metabolism, Protein Binding, Protein Biosynthesis, Protein Structure, Tertiary, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Tissue Distribution, Xenopus, Zebrafish, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E biosynthesis, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E physiology
- Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is an essential component of the translational machinery that binds m(7)GTP and mediates the recruitment of capped mRNAs by the small ribosomal subunit. Recently, a number of proteins with homology to eIF4E have been reported in plants, invertebrates, and mammals. Together with the prototypical translation factor, these constitute a new family of structurally related proteins. To distinguish the prototypical translation factor eIF4E from other family members, it has been termed eIF4E-1 (Keiper, B. D., Lamphear, B. J., Deshpande, A. M., Jankowska-Anyszka, M., Aamodt, E. J., Blumenthal, T., and Rhoads, R. E. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10590-10596). We describe the characterization of two eIF4E family members in the zebrafish Danio rerio. Based on their relative identities with human eIF4E-1, these zebrafish proteins are termed eIF4E-1A (82%) and eIF4E-1B (66%). eIF4E-1B, originally termed eIF4E(L), has been reported previously as the zebrafish eIF4E-1 counterpart (Fahrenkrug, S. C., Dahlquist, M. O., Clark, K., and Hackett, P. B. (1999) Differentiation 65, 191-201; Fahrenkrug, S. C., Joshi, B., Hackett, P. B., and Jagus, R. (2000) Differentiation 66, 15-22). Sequence comparisons suggest that the two genes probably evolved from a duplication event that occurred during vertebrate evolution. eIF4E-1A is expressed ubiquitously in zebrafish, whereas expression of eIF4E-1B is restricted to early embryonic development and to gonads and muscle of the tissues investigated. The ability of these two zebrafish proteins to bind m(7)GTP, eIF4G, and 4E-BP, as well as to complement yeast conditionally deficient in functional eIF4E, show that eIF4E-1A is a functional equivalent of human eIF4E-1. Surprisingly, although eIF4E-1B possesses all known residues thought to be required for interaction with the cap structure, eIF4G, and 4E-BPs, it fails to interact with any of these components, suggesting that this protein serves a role other than that assigned to eIF4E.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Yeast "knockout-and-rescue" system for identification of eIF4E-family members possessing eIF4E-activity.
- Author
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Joshi B, Robalino J, Schott EJ, and Jagus R
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Carbohydrate Epimerases, Cell Line, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E analysis, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E classification, Gene Expression Regulation, Haploidy, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Biosynthesis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae classification, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, Species Specificity, Transgenes, Yeasts genetics, Zebrafish metabolism, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E genetics, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E metabolism, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Zebrafish genetics
- Abstract
Evidence from several laboratories and sequencing projects has revealed that many eukaryotes contain multiple proteins related in sequence to the human mRNA-cap binding translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E-1). Although some have been shown to bind cap-analogues, whether all eIF4E-family members function as translation initiation factors is unclear Furthermore, the existence of proteins related to eIF4E complicates the identification of the translation factor by sequence-based approaches. Methods to assess the functionality of eIF4E are limited. The most informative, single assay to identify proteins with eIF4E-activity is that of rescue of the lethal disruption of the single Saccharomyces cerevisiae eIF4E gene. We have developed a simplified yeast eIF4E "knockout-and-rescue" system, the characteristics of which are (i) a haploid system that obviates the needfor a "plasmid shuffle", (ii) a simple G418-based selection for yeast lacking a chromosomal eIF4E gene, and (iii) a glucose-based selection to deplete the strain of a human eIF4E-1 substitute and to assess the eIF4E-activity of an untested elF4E-family member In this form, the yeast eIF4E knockout-and-rescue system becomes a tool available to any laboratory experienced in the selection of microbial strains with antibiotics and standard media for the identification and isolation of cDNAs encoding proteins with eIF4E-activity.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Resistance to muscle relaxants in a patient receiving prolonged testosterone therapy.
- Author
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Reddy P, Guzman A, Robalino J, and Shevde K
- Subjects
- Drug Interactions, Drug Resistance, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Testosterone administration & dosage, Time Factors, Transsexualism surgery, Succinylcholine pharmacology, Testosterone analogs & derivatives, Vecuronium Bromide pharmacology
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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