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Avant d’evaluer les resultats des politiques soutenant l’entrepreneuriat feminin, il est important d’en comprendre le fonctionnement interne, a savoir, l’appreciation qui est faite des opinions exprimees par les usageres de ces dispositifs. En nous appuyant sur la theorie neo-institutionnelle (North, 2005) et l’analyse de discours (Fairclough, 1992), nous observons que les entrepreneures novices ne sont plus uniquement considerees comme les cibles des politiques mais comme de potentielles participantes a la creation d’une dynamique d’innovation sociale et economique. Ceci rend compte d’un processus d’institutionnalisation effectif de ces structures qui favorisera leur perennite.

Authority is the confirmation of the control an individual has over norms and codes (Sennet, 1981). It stimulates the development of social capital. Gender shapes authority. Bourdieu (1994) stresses that in traditional societies men can interpret and produce norms whereas women reproduce them and consequently may experience difficulties in constructing their authority. Butler (1990) confirms that this dichotomy is still effective in post-modern contexts.In the literature on women entrepreneurs, scholars stress their lack of social capital as an impediment to growing the business and suggest that they should follow the male model (Aldrich et al., 1997; Ban et al., 1996). However, if one examines carefully the process of production of social capital, one would see that it is the result of a strict gender labor-division. In spite of their agentivity, female entrepreneurs fail to overcome this. Many of them may thus be tempted to adapt male patterns of authority.The present study examines how women entrepreneurs and minority business owners assimilate authority that is encapsulated in the traditional male entrepreneurial discourse. Then it analyses the perception of women entrepreneurs on authority and its impact on their style of internal management and their strategies of networking. The results reveal that either female entrepreneurs adopt authority as a repressive tool of management that helps them to develop their social capital in restricted circles of influence or they scorn authority as the display of norms that may endanger the reputation of their firms and their social influence without proposing a clear alternative. Apparently, women entrepreneurs deny the creative aspects of authority that Sennet and his Foucaldian followers have detected in managers' behaviors in the context of organizational sociology.

The purpose of this article is to question the foundations and structure of entrepreneurs' social representation in the French press. Social representations are the result of a perceptive and cognitive construction of reality, which transforms social objects (people, contexts, situations) into symbolic categories (values, beliefs, ideologies), therefore providing a collective significant system for the regulation of cognitions and actions (Ljunggren and Alsos, 2001).Within the consensual reality through which the social world is created and experienced, the press can be emphasized as an entrepreneurial `Greek chorus' (Kets deVries, 2000) playing a key role in the diffusion and transformation of entrepreneurial culture at the local and national levels.We conducted a discourse analysis of 962 articles, from 2001 to 2005, in order to study the press's potential impact on entrepreneurial desirability and feasibility beliefs.We identified three main categories of discourses — the legitimacy discourse, the normativity discourse, and the accessibility discourse, which may impact readers' desirability and feasibility beliefs. This is the first attempt to assess the role of the public discourse in fuelling entrepreneurial intentions in the French context.

Au sein d’une politique de tres large diffusion de l’enseignement entrepreneurial en France, le modele d’une ecole d’entrepreneuriat n’est-il pas, aujourd’hui, considere comme un luxe ? S’agit-il de sensibiliser ou de former une nouvelle generation d’entrepreneurs ? Quelle place est faite a l’entrepreneuriat au sein de la course a l’excellence academique ? Le marche de la formation entrepreneuriale est-il assez mur pour faire naitre les talents perennes, dont notre economie a tant besoin ? Le cas d’Advancia rend compte d’une experimentation qui, de 2004 a 2010, a parie sur un modele pedagogique d’ecole du tout entrepreneuriat. Cet article analyse comment, en depit de resultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs de tres bonne tenue, ce modele pedagogique n’a pas ete juge viable. L’etude de ce cas pedagogique met en perspective les attentes et les contradictions francaises en matiere de formation entrepreneuriale.

International audience; Quelles sont les stratégies de communication utilisées par les mentors en situation d'accompagnement et quel est leur impact ? A partir d'une recherche empirique longitudinale effectuée sur 50 dyades mentor-entrepreneur dans le cadre de l'Incubateur d'une grande école de commerce parisienne, on a identifié quatre stratégies de communication : la persuasion, l'engagement, la critique et la provocation. Cet article présente ces stratégies et mesure leur impact. C'est la première recherche de ce type dans le contexte du mentorat entrepreneurial en France.

L’innovation par la participation des salaries apporte un atout concurrentiel aux entreprises. L’innovation participative s’intensifie lorsqu’elle s’integre a une organisation dotee d’une orientation entrepreneuriale. Elle favorise alors le developpement d’une innovation hybride composee d’innovations de rupture et d’innovations incrementales.