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1. Residual correlation and ensemble modelling to improve crop and grassland models

Author

Sándor, Renáta, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Grace, Peter, Recous, Sylvie, Smith, Pete, Snow, Val, Soussana, Jean-François, Basso, Bruno, Bhatia, Arti, Brilli, Lorenzo, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Christopher D., Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Grant, Brian, Harrison, Matthew Tom, Skiba, Ute, Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Klumpp, Katja, Laville, Patricia, Léonard, Joel, Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia Silvia, Moore, Andrew D., Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Pattey, Elizabeth, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Smith, Ward, Wu, Lianhai, Zhang, Qing, and Bellocchi, Gianni

Published
2023
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3. Crop management strategies shape the shared temporal dynamics of soil food web structure and functioning

Author

Hedde, Mickael, Coudrain, Valérie, Maron, Pierre Alain, Chauvat, Matthieu, Cheviron, Nathalie, Ekelund, Flemming, Mougin, Christian, Mary, Bruno, Recous, Sylvie, Villenave, Cécile, Thébault, Elisa, Hedde, Mickael, Coudrain, Valérie, Maron, Pierre Alain, Chauvat, Matthieu, Cheviron, Nathalie, Ekelund, Flemming, Mougin, Christian, Mary, Bruno, Recous, Sylvie, Villenave, Cécile, and Thébault, Elisa

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been growing interest in exploring the soil biota, highlighting the significance of soil organisms' networks in soil functioning. Here, we use a modeling approach to investigate how changes in cropping practices influence the soil food web dynamics and it relates to that of soil functioning. In an experimental trial, we tested for change in topsoil food webs after shift from conventional to alternative practices (changes in tillage intensity, amount of residues returned and N fertilization rate). Samplings were made in 16 plots of a randomized complete block design during spring of year 0, 2 and 4 after the onset of the trial. Microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna and macrofauna were sampled, identified and grouped into trophic groups. We built a general soil food web describing plausible carbon flows between these trophic groups and computed several network indices. At the same dates, soil functions linked to C and N dynamics were measured from soil samples. We used a COSTATIS analysis to investigate relationships between temporal sequences of soil functions and soil food web indices. Significant interactive effects of the date and of agricultural systems were found on the mean and the maximum trophic level, the bacterial-to-fungal path ratio, the total biomass and the way biomass accumulates across trophic levels, the number of trophic groups and the functional redundancy in trophic groups. Similarly, organic matter transformations and enzymatic activities showed differences across date and agricultural systems. Results show that temporal changes in soil food web structure and in soil processes related to N and C cycling co-vary following changes in agricultural management practices. Management practices related to tillage exerted stronger effects on soil food web functioning than those related to the export of crop residues or reduction in mineral N fertiliser. For instance, reduced tillage lead to more complex food webs, with increas, In recent decades, there has been growing interest in exploring the soil biota, highlighting the significance of soil organisms' networks in soil functioning. Here, we use a modeling approach to investigate how changes in cropping practices influence the soil food web dynamics and it relates to that of soil functioning. In an experimental trial, we tested for change in topsoil food webs after shift from conventional to alternative practices (changes in tillage intensity, amount of residues returned and N fertilization rate). Samplings were made in 16 plots of a randomized complete block design during spring of year 0, 2 and 4 after the onset of the trial. Microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna and macrofauna were sampled, identified and grouped into trophic groups. We built a general soil food web describing plausible carbon flows between these trophic groups and computed several network indices. At the same dates, soil functions linked to C and N dynamics were measured from soil samples. We used a COSTATIS analysis to investigate relationships between temporal sequences of soil functions and soil food web indices. Significant interactive effects of the date and of agricultural systems were found on the mean and the maximum trophic level, the bacterial-to-fungal path ratio, the total biomass and the way biomass accumulates across trophic levels, the number of trophic groups and the functional redundancy in trophic groups. Similarly, organic matter transformations and enzymatic activities showed differences across date and agricultural systems. Results show that temporal changes in soil food web structure and in soil processes related to N and C cycling co-vary following changes in agricultural management practices. Management practices related to tillage exerted stronger effects on soil food web functioning than those related to the export of crop residues or reduction in mineral N fertiliser. For instance, reduced tillage lead to more complex food webs, with incr

Published
2024

7. Identifying cost-competitive greenhouse gas mitigation potential of French agriculture

Author

Pellerin, Sylvain, Bamière, Laure, Angers, Denis, Béline, Fabrice, Benoit, Marc, Butault, Jean-Pierre, Chenu, Claire, Colnenne-David, Caroline, De Cara, Stéphane, Delame, Nathalie, Doreau, Michel, Dupraz, Pierre, Faverdin, Philippe, Garcia-Launay, Florence, Hassouna, Melynda, Hénault, Catherine, Jeuffroy, Marie-Hélène, Klumpp, Katja, Metay, Aurélie, Moran, Dominic, Recous, Sylvie, Samson, Elisabeth, Savini, Isabelle, Pardon, Lénaïc, and Chemineau, Philippe

Published
2017
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8. Challenges of accounting nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural crop residues

Author

Olesen, Jørgen E., Rees, Robert M., Recous, Sylvie, Bleken, Marina A., Abalos, Diego, Ahuja, Ishita, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Carozzi, Marco, De Notaris, Chiara, Ernfors, Maria, Haas, Edwin, Hansen, Sissel, Janz, Baldur, Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, Massad, Raia S., Petersen, Søren O., Rittl, Tatiana F., Scheer, Clemens, Smith, Kate E., Thiébeau, Pascal, Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Thorman, Rachel E., Topp, Cairistiona F.E., Olesen, Jørgen E., Rees, Robert M., Recous, Sylvie, Bleken, Marina A., Abalos, Diego, Ahuja, Ishita, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Carozzi, Marco, De Notaris, Chiara, Ernfors, Maria, Haas, Edwin, Hansen, Sissel, Janz, Baldur, Lashermes, Gwenaëlle, Massad, Raia S., Petersen, Søren O., Rittl, Tatiana F., Scheer, Clemens, Smith, Kate E., Thiébeau, Pascal, Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Thorman, Rachel E., and Topp, Cairistiona F.E.

Abstract

Crop residues are important inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and thus directly and indirectly affect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. As the current inventory methodology considers N inputs by crop residues as the sole determining factor for N2O emissions, it fails to consider other underlying factors and processes. There is compelling evidence that emissions vary greatly between residues with different biochemical and physical characteristics, with the concentrations of mineralizable N and decomposable C in the residue biomass both enhancing the soil N2O production potential. High concentrations of these components are associated with immature residues (e.g., cover crops, grass, legumes, and vegetables) as opposed to mature residues (e.g., straw). A more accurate estimation of the short-term (months) effects of the crop residues on N2O could involve distinguishing mature and immature crop residues with distinctly different emission factors. The medium-term (years) and long-term (decades) effects relate to the effects of residue management on soil N fertility and soil physical and chemical properties, considering that these are affected by local climatic and soil conditions as well as land use and management. More targeted mitigation efforts for N2O emissions, after addition of crop residues to the soil, are urgently needed and require an improved methodology for emission accounting. This work needs to be underpinned by research to (1) develop and validate N2O emission factors for mature and immature crop residues, (2) assess emissions from belowground residues of terminated crops, (3) improve activity data on management of different residue types, in particular immature residues, and (4) evaluate long-term effects of residue addition on N2O emissions.

Published
2023

9. Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables

Author

Fontaine, Sébastien, Abbadie, Luc, Aubert, Michaël, Barot, Sébastien, Bloor, Juliette, Derrien, Delphine, Duchene, Olivier, Gross, Nicolas, Henneron, Ludovic, Le Roux, Xavier, Loeuille, Nicolas, Michel, Jennifer, Recous, Sylvie, Wipf, Daniel, Alvarez, Gaël, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Liège, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Fontaine, Sébastien

Subjects
[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, agroecology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, ecosystem nutrient economy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, mimicking, soil carbon sequestration, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, litter, nitrogen fixation, soil organic matter, soil nutrient dissolution, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, organic nutrient reserve, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, rhizosphere, plant-soil interactions, feedbacks
Abstract

Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be installed in agrosystems to improve their sustainability and reduce the use of mineral fertilizers.

Published
2023

10. Do Conservative Agricultural Practices Improve the Functional Biological State of Legume-Based Cropping Systems?

Author

Aschi, Amira, Riah-Anglet, Wassila, Recous, Sylvie, Bailleul, Caroline, Aubert, Michaël, and Trinsoutrot-Gattin, Isabelle

Subjects
CROP rotation, AGRICULTURE, CROPPING systems, FAVA bean, PATH analysis (Statistics), TILLAGE, CROPS
Abstract

This study evaluated the response of soil microbial functions to the presence and placement of faba beans in crop rotations (rotation without legumes versus rotations with faba beans as the crop previous to wheat, with the faba beans sown three years before the wheat crops) combined with two tillage systems (conventional and reduced tillage). The study included 36 wheat-producing plots, and two agricultural practice types were defined: high-frequency–low-intensity (HF–LI) and low-frequency–high-intensity (LF–HI). The results demonstrated a significant increase in the total carbon and nitrogen (N) content under reduced tillage. Furthermore, the general path analysis suggested that arylamidase and β-glucosidase activities significantly affect N fluxes. The enzyme activities were modified by changing the soil's physicochemical properties. These findings highlighted the significance of introducing legumes as the crop preceding wheat, especially when applying conventional tillage. Moreover, it was revealed that farmers' management of these conservative practices is a leading factor in regulating soil functions. Pesticides and inorganic fertilization inputs were classified as HF–LI practices, while organic matter (OM) inputs and liming treatments were qualified as LF–HI practices. For instance, LF–HI practices (OM inputs and liming) directly and indirectly influenced the soil functions related to the N cycle, while HF–LI practices (pesticide, inorganic N fertilization, and previous crops) resulted in fewer soil function changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. A well-established fact: Rapid mineralization of organic inputs is an important factor for soil carbon sequestration

Author

Angers, Denis, Arrouays, Dominique, Cardinael, Rémi, Chenu, Claire, Corbeels, Marc, Demenois, Julien, Farrell, Mark, Martin, Manuel, Minasny, Budiman, Recous, Sylvie, Six, Johan, Angers, Denis, Arrouays, Dominique, Cardinael, Rémi, Chenu, Claire, Corbeels, Marc, Demenois, Julien, Farrell, Mark, Martin, Manuel, Minasny, Budiman, Recous, Sylvie, and Six, Johan

Abstract

We have read with interest an opinion paper recently published in the European Journal of Soil Science (Berthelin et al., 2022). This paper presents some interesting considerations, at least one of which is already well known to soil scientists working on soil organic carbon (SOC), that is, a large portion (80%–90%) of fresh carbon inputs to soil is subject to rapid mineralization. The short-term mineralization kinetics of organic inputs is well-known and accounted for in soil organic matter models. Thus, clearly, the long-term predictions based on these models do not overlook short-term mineralization. We point out that many agronomic practices can significantly contribute to SOC sequestration. If conducted responsibly whilst fully recognising the caveats, SOC sequestration can lead to a win-win situation where agriculture can both contribute to the mitigation of climate change and adapt to it, whilst at the same time delivering other co-benefits such as reduced soil erosion and enhanced biodiversity.

Published
2022

13. Predicting field N2O emissions from crop residues based on their biochemical composition: A meta-analytical approach

Author

Abalos, Diego, Rittl, Tatiana, Recous, Sylvie, Thiébeau, Pascal, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., van Groenigen, Kees Jan, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Thorman, Rachel E., Smith, Kate E., Ahuja, Ishita, Olesen, Jørgen E., Bleken, Marina A., Ress, Robert, Hansen, Sissel, Abalos, Diego, Rittl, Tatiana, Recous, Sylvie, Thiébeau, Pascal, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., van Groenigen, Kees Jan, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Thorman, Rachel E., Smith, Kate E., Ahuja, Ishita, Olesen, Jørgen E., Bleken, Marina A., Ress, Robert, and Hansen, Sissel

Abstract

Crop residue incorporation is a common practice to increase or restore organic matter stocks in agricultural soils. How- ever, this practice often increases emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Previous meta- analyses have linked various biochemical properties of crop residues to N2O emissions, but the relationships between these properties have been overlooked, hampering our ability to predict N2Oemissions from specific residues. Here we combine comprehensive databases for N2O emissions from crop residues and crop residue biochemical characteristics with a random-meta-forest approach, to develop a predictive framework of crop residue effects on N2O emissions. On average, crop residue incorporation increased soil N2O emissions by 43% compared to residue removal, however crop residues led to both increases and reductions in N2O emissions. Crop residue effects on N2O emissions were best pre- dicted by easily degradable fractions (i.e. water soluble carbon, soluble Van Soest fraction (NDS)), structural fractions and N returned with crop residues. The relationship between these biochemical properties and N2Oemissions differed widely in terms offormand direction. However, due to the strong correlations among these properties, wewere able to develop a simplified classification for crop residues based on the stage of physiological maturity of the plant at which the residue was generated. This maturity criteria provided the most robust and yet simple approach to categorize crop residues according to their potential to regulate N2O emissions. Immature residues (high water soluble carbon, soluble NDS and total N concentration, low relative cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin fractions, and lowC:N ratio) strongly stim- ulated N2O emissions, whereas mature residues with opposite characteristics had marginal effects on N2O. The most important crop types belonging to the immature residue group – cover crops, grasslands and vegetables – are important for the

Published
2022

17. CONTRIBUTION DES RESIDUS DE CULTURES AUX EMISSIONS DE N2O: IMPACT DE LEURS CARACTERISTIQUES CHIMIQUES

Author

Thiébeau, P, Lashermes, G, Laville, P, Abalos, D, Rittl, Tatiana, Hansen, Sissel, and Recous, Sylvie

Subjects
Crop health, quality, protection, Greenhouses and coverings
Abstract

L'incorporation des résidus de cultures et de couverts végétaux au sol est une pratique adoptée par les agriculteurs pour accroitre le stock de matières organiques des sols et recycler les nutriments. Mais la décomposition des résidus est une source d'émissions plus ou moins importante de gaz à effet de serre, comme le protoxyde d'azote (N2O). L'étude des caractéristiques des résidus enfouis au regard des pratiques culturales réalisées doit permettre de mieux gérer ces restitutions afin d'en limiter les conséquences sur l'environnement. Les émissions de N2O sont estimées dans les inventaires d'émissions selon la méthode IPCC (2019). Celle-ci est basée sur l'estimation des quantités d'azote recyclées par les résidus de culture (parties aériennes et souterraines) affectées d'un facteur d'émission (Ef) standard pour tous types de cultures, dont la valeur est 0.005 à 0.006 kg N-N2O par kg N recyclé, l'azote recyclé étant calculé à partir de la quantité de biomasse recyclée et de la richesse en azote de cette biomasse. Le travail présenté a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ResidueGas (programme européen ERA-GAS) dont INRAE était partenaire. L'objectif global du projet était d'améliorer l'estimation de la contribution des résidus de cultures aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre de l'agriculture. Nous présentons trois résultats principaux de ce projet.

Published
2021

23. Dataset of biomass and chemical quality of crop residues from European areas

Author

Thiébeau, Pascal, Jensen, Lars Stoumann, Ferchaud, Fabien, Recous, Sylvie, Thiébeau, Pascal, Jensen, Lars Stoumann, Ferchaud, Fabien, and Recous, Sylvie

Abstract

This dataset presents the chemical characteristics of plant biomass and crop residues from agrosystems in European areas (carbon and nitrogen contents and biochemical composition). These data have been collected from the scientific literature. The specific data and their origins are presented. The mean values from these data are also provided by major production type (main crops, forage and pasture crops, green manure and cover crops, vegetable crops and energy crops), species and litter type. These data were collected as part of the framework of the European project ResidueGas (ERA-GAS, 2017-2021), which aims to improve the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions associated with crop residues.

Published
2021

29. Fate of a 15N-labeled Urea Pulse in Heavily Fertilized Banana Crops

Author

Raphael, Line, Recous, Sylvie, Ozier-Lafontaine, Harry, and Sierra, Jorge

Subjects
Caribbean, lcsh:Agriculture, NUE, lcsh:S, food and beverages, N leaching, N recovery, tropical soil, N immobilization
Abstract

Banana crops in the Caribbean are characterized by the use of high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilization which causes severe environmental damages. The aim of this study was to assess the fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE) of banana crops in the field. To do so, a field trial was carried out during the first (GS1) and the fourth (GS4) growing seasons of banana crops, and the fate of a 15N-labeled pulse applied late in the growing season (flowering stage) was determined. At harvest, NUE (average 24% 15N applied) and the total recovery of fertilizer 15N in the soil&ndash, plant system (i.e., 40% in GS1 and 62% in GS4) were low. Low NUE resulted mainly from the dilution in a large soil mineral N pool derived from earlier applications of the labeled-N fertilizer applied at flowering, combined with leaching caused by numerous high-intensity rainfall events (&gt, 20 mm d&minus, 1). Crop residues from previous cycles present at time of fertilizer application in the fourth growing season, promoted fertilizer N immobilization, which in turn favored fertilizer N recovery by decreasing N leaching. The results suggest that N fertilization after the first season could be reduced by 30% (i.e., &minus, 90 kg N ha&minus, 1) corresponding to the suppression of two applications from flowering to harvest with the current fertilizer management, as available N derived from earlier applications is sufficient to meet plant requirements.

Published
2020

30. Ensemble modelling of carbon fluxes in grasslands and croplands

Author

Sándor, Renáta, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Grace, Peter, Recous, Sylvie, Smith, Pete, Snow, Val, Soussana, Jean-François, Basso, Bruno, Bhatia, Arti, Brilli, Lorenzo, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Christopher D., Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Grant, Brian, Harrison, Matthew Tom, Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Klumpp, Katja, Laville, Patricia, Léonard, Joel, Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia-Silvia, Moore, Andrew, Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Pattey, Elizabeth, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ward, Wu, Lianhai, Zhang, Qing, Bellocchi, Gianni, Sándor, Renáta, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Grace, Peter, Recous, Sylvie, Smith, Pete, Snow, Val, Soussana, Jean-François, Basso, Bruno, Bhatia, Arti, Brilli, Lorenzo, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Christopher D., Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Grant, Brian, Harrison, Matthew Tom, Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Klumpp, Katja, Laville, Patricia, Léonard, Joel, Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia-Silvia, Moore, Andrew, Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Pattey, Elizabeth, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Skiba, Ute, Smith, Ward, Wu, Lianhai, Zhang, Qing, and Bellocchi, Gianni

Abstract

Croplands and grasslands are agricultural systems that contribute to land–atmosphere exchanges of carbon (C). We evaluated and compared gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO), net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2, and two derived outputs - C use efficiency (CUE=-NEE/GPP) and C emission intensity (IntC= -NEE/Offtake [grazed or harvested biomass]). The outputs came from 23 models (11 crop-specific, eight grassland-specific, and four models covering both systems) at three cropping sites over several rotations with spring and winter cereals, soybean and rapeseed in Canada, France and India, and two temperate permanent grasslands in France and the United Kingdom. The models were run independently over multi-year simulation periods in five stages (S), either blind with no calibration and initialization data (S1), using historical management and climate for initialization (S2), calibrated against plant data (S3), plant and soil data together (S4), or with the addition of C and N fluxes (S5). Here, we provide a framework to address methodological uncertainties and contextualize results. Most of the models overestimated or underestimated the C fluxes observed during the growing seasons (or the whole years for grasslands), with substantial differences between models. For each simulated variable, changes in the multi-model median (MMM) from S1 to S5 was used as a descriptor of the ensemble performance. Overall, the greatest improvements (MMM approaching the mean of observations) were achieved at S3 or higher calibration stages. For instance, grassland GPP MMM was equal to 1632 g C m−2 yr-1 (S5) while the observed mean was equal to 1763 m-2 yr-1 (average for two sites). Nash-Sutcliffe modelling efficiency coefficients indicated that MMM outperformed individual models in 92.3 % of cases. Our study suggests a cautious use of large-scale, multi-model ensembles to estimate C fluxes in agricultural sites if some site-specific plant and soil observations are avai

Published
2020

31. Evaluating the Potential of Legumes to Mitigate N2O Emissions From Permanent Grassland Using Process-Based Models

Author

Fuchs, Kathrin, Merbold, Lutz, Buchmann, Nina, Bellocchi, Gianni, Bindi, Marco, Brilli, Lorenzo, Conant, Richard T., Dorich, Christopher D., Ehrhardt, Fiona, Fitton, Nuala, Grace, Peter, Klumpp, Katja, Liebig, Mark, Lieffering, Mark, Martin, Raphaël, McAuliffe, Russell, Newton, Paul C.D., Rees, Robert M., Recous, Sylvie, Smith, Pete, Soussana, Jean François, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., Snow, Val, Fuchs, Kathrin, Merbold, Lutz, Buchmann, Nina, Bellocchi, Gianni, Bindi, Marco, Brilli, Lorenzo, Conant, Richard T., Dorich, Christopher D., Ehrhardt, Fiona, Fitton, Nuala, Grace, Peter, Klumpp, Katja, Liebig, Mark, Lieffering, Mark, Martin, Raphaël, McAuliffe, Russell, Newton, Paul C.D., Rees, Robert M., Recous, Sylvie, Smith, Pete, Soussana, Jean François, Topp, Cairistiona F.E., and Snow, Val

Abstract

A potential strategy for mitigating nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from permanent grasslands is the partial substitution of fertilizer nitrogen (Nfert) with symbiotically fixed nitrogen (Nsymb) from legumes. The input of Nsymb reduces the energy costs of producing fertilizer and provides a supply of nitrogen (N) for plants that is more synchronous to plant demand than occasional fertilizer applications. Legumes have been promoted as a potential N2O mitigation strategy for grasslands, but evidence to support their efficacy is limited, partly due to the difficulty in conducting experiments across the large range of potential combinations of legume proportions and fertilizer N inputs. These experimental constraints can be overcome by biogeochemical models that can vary legume-fertilizer combinations and subsequently aid the design of targeted experiments. Using two variants each of two biogeochemical models (APSIM and DayCent), we tested the N2O mitigation potential and productivity of full factorial combinations of legume proportions and fertilizer rates for five temperate grassland sites across the globe. Both models showed that replacing fertilizer with legumes reduced N2O emissions without reducing productivity across a broad range of legume-fertilizer combinations. Although the models were consistent with the relative changes of N2O emissions compared to the baseline scenario (200 kg N ha−1 yr−1; no legumes), they predicted different levels of absolute N2O emissions and thus also of absolute N2O emission reductions; both were greater in DayCent than in APSIM. We recommend confirming these results with experimental studies assessing the effect of clover proportions in the range 30–50% and ≤150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 input as these were identified as best-bet climate smart agricultural practices.

Published
2020

35. Multi-metric evaluation of an ensemble of biogeochemical models for the estimation of organic carbon content in long-term bare fallow soils

Author

Bellocchi, Gianni, Farina, Roberta, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Chenu, Claire, Soussana, Jean-François, Abd-Alla, M., Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Brilli, Lorenzo, CLIVOT, HUGUES, De Antoni Migliorati, M., Di Bene, Claudia, Dorich, Chris, Ferchaud, Fabien, Fitton, N., Francaviglia, Rosa, Franko, Uwe, Giltrap, D., Grant, B., GUENET, B., Harrison, Matthew T., Kirschbaum, Miko U F, Kulmala, Liisa, Kuka, Katrin, Liski, L., Meier, E., Menichetti, Lorenzo, Moyano, F., Nendel, C., Smith, A.W., Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Tsutskikhr, E., Recous, Sylvie, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and CLIMSOC

Subjects
carbone organique, jachères nues, jachère, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Milieux et Changements globaux, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, carbon organique, modélisation
Abstract

National audience

Published
2019

36. Quantification of modelling uncertainties in an ensemble of carbon simulations in grasslands and croplands

Author

Sandor, Renata, Bellocchi, Gianni, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Bhatia, A., Brilli, Lorenzo, de Antoni Migliorati, Massimiliano, Carozzi, Marco, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Chris, Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Fuchs, K, Gongadze, Kate, Grace, Pete, Grant, B., Giacomini, S.J., Klumpp, Katja, Léonard, L, Liebig, M., Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia Silvia, Merbold, Lutz, Newton, P., Pattey, Elizabeth, Rees, B., Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Johanna, Smith, P., Smith, W., Snow, Val, Soussana, Jean-François, Zhang, Q, Recous, Sylvie, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Agricultural Research Institute, Direction scientifique Environnement, Forêt et Agriculture, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Queensland University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Catabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory [Fort Collins] (NREL), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Università degli Studi di Sassari, Collège de Direction (CODIR), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and CN-MIP

Subjects
flux de carbon, flux de carbone, modélisation, grandes cultures, prairies, ensemble, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], prairie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, grande culture, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

37. Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques

Author

Cellier, Pierre, Pellerin, Sylvain, Recous, Sylvie, Vertès, Francoise, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Guy Richard, Pierre Stengel, Gilles Lemaire, Pierre Cellier, Egizio Valceschini, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
cycles biogéochimiques, azote, maîtrise des impacts environnementaux, mineral fertilization, potassium, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, sulphur s (symbol), biogeochemical cycle, Sciences de la Terre, nitrogen, bouclage des cycles, soufre, fertilisation, phosphore, évolution des pratiques, cascade de l'azote, histoire, Earth Sciences, fertilisation minérale, phosphorus, Milieux et Changements globaux, cycle biogéochimique
Abstract

Bouclage des cycles: des approches renouvelées et plus englobantes des cycles biogéochimiques

Published
2019

40. Payment for unmarketed agroecosystem services as a means to promote agricultural diversity: An examination of agricultural policies and issues

Author

Lemaire, Gilles, Carvalho, Paulo, Kronberg, Scott, Recous, Sylvie, Tisdell, Clement A., Wilson, Clevo, Lemaire, Gilles, Carvalho, Paulo, Kronberg, Scott, Recous, Sylvie, Tisdell, Clement A., and Wilson, Clevo

Abstract

This chapter examines payment for unmarketed agroecosystem services as a means to promote agricultural diversity as well as payment for agricultural diversity as a way to increase the supply of wanted unmarketed agroecosystem services. The importance of treating agricultural diversity as a multidimensional concept is emphasized, and several of its dimensions are identified. After assessing generally policies for paying farmers for the supply of unmarketed agroecosystem services, particular attention is given to payments for on-farm product diversity as a means of sustaining or increasing the supply of desired unmarketed agroecosystem services. The importance of this diversification being integrated to achieve this end is stressed. Economic theory (despite its limitations) is shown to be helpful in identifying issues that need to be addressed when considering policies for paying farmers for their supply of agroecosystem services, for example, the importance of distinguishing the allocative and income distribution effects of such policies. The analysis of these matters is facilitated by the introduction of a simple social cost-benefit inequality and a specific economic model. The importance of taking account of public administration costs and legal barriers and their efficiency aspects when assessing the costs and benefits of agricultural policies is stressed because these aspects are frequently overlooked. Other relevant aspects of agricultural diversity, such as regional diversity, are also briefly examined. An alternative to paying farmers for the supply of wanted agroecosystem services is to penalize them for not doing so. This is examined. The prospect of greater agricultural diversity resulting in the short term in reduced supply of agricultural products (and an increase in their real prices) but a more sustainable supply of these products in the long term is raised.

Published
2019

42. Etat des lieux de l’évaluation par les pairs et outils de valorisation dans la revue Agronomy for Sustainable Development

Author

HAMELIN, Marjolaine, Le Bot, Jacques, Meynard, Jean Marc, Recous, Sylvie, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], revue scientifique, édition scientifique, évaluation par les pairs
Abstract

Etat des lieux de l’évaluation par les pairs et outils de valorisation dans la revue Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 8èmes Journées du réseau Médici

Published
2018

45. Assessing uncertainties in crop and pasture ensemble model simulations of productivity and N2O emissions

Author

Ehrhardt, Fiona, Soussana, Jean François, Bellocchi, Gianni, Grace, Peter, McAuliffe, Russell, Recous, Sylvie, Sándor, Renáta, Smith, Pete, Snow, Val, de Antoni Migliorati, Massimiliano, Basso, Bruno, Bhatia, Arti, Brilli, Lorenzo, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Christopher D., Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Giacomini, Sandro J., Grant, Brian, Harrison, Matthew T., Jones, Stephanie K., Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Klumpp, Katja, Laville, Patricia, Léonard, Joël, Liebig, Mark, Lieffering, Mark, Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia S., Meier, Elizabeth, Merbold, Lutz, Moore, Andrew D., Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Newton, Paul, Pattey, Elizabeth, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Smith, Ward N., Wu, Lianhai, Zhang, Qing, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Soussana, Jean François, Bellocchi, Gianni, Grace, Peter, McAuliffe, Russell, Recous, Sylvie, Sándor, Renáta, Smith, Pete, Snow, Val, de Antoni Migliorati, Massimiliano, Basso, Bruno, Bhatia, Arti, Brilli, Lorenzo, Doltra, Jordi, Dorich, Christopher D., Doro, Luca, Fitton, Nuala, Giacomini, Sandro J., Grant, Brian, Harrison, Matthew T., Jones, Stephanie K., Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Klumpp, Katja, Laville, Patricia, Léonard, Joël, Liebig, Mark, Lieffering, Mark, Martin, Raphaël, Massad, Raia S., Meier, Elizabeth, Merbold, Lutz, Moore, Andrew D., Myrgiotis, Vasileios, Newton, Paul, Pattey, Elizabeth, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Smith, Ward N., Wu, Lianhai, and Zhang, Qing

Abstract

Simulation models are extensively used to predict agricultural productivity and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the uncertainties of (reduced) model ensemble simulations have not been assessed systematically for variables affecting food security and climate change mitigation, within multi-species agricultural contexts. We report an international model comparison and benchmarking exercise, showing the potential of multi-model ensembles to predict productivity and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions for wheat, maize, rice and temperate grasslands. Using a multi-stage modelling protocol, from blind simulations (stage 1) to partial (stages 2–4) and full calibration (stage 5), 24 process-based biogeochemical models were assessed individually or as an ensemble against long-term experimental data from four temperate grassland and five arable crop rotation sites spanning four continents. Comparisons were performed by reference to the experimental uncertainties of observed yields and N2O emissions. Results showed that across sites and crop/grassland types, 23%–40% of the uncalibrated individual models were within two standard deviations (SD) of observed yields, while 42 (rice) to 96% (grasslands) of the models were within 1 SD of observed N2O emissions. At stage 1, ensembles formed by the three lowest prediction model errors predicted both yields and N2O emissions within experimental uncertainties for 44% and 33% of the crop and grassland growth cycles, respectively. Partial model calibration (stages 2–4) markedly reduced prediction errors of the full model ensemble E-median for crop grain yields (from 36% at stage 1 down to 4% on average) and grassland productivity (from 44% to 27%) and to a lesser and more variable extent for N2O emissions. Yield-scaled N2O emissions (N2O emissions divided by crop yields) were ranked accurately by three-model ensembles across crop species and field sites. The pote

Published
2018

46. Mineralisation of crop residues on the soil surface or incorporated in the soil under controlled conditions

Author

Abiven, Samuel, Recous, Sylvie, Abiven, Samuel, and Recous, Sylvie

Abstract

In the present work, we compare the effect of mature crop residues mixed into a ferralitic soil or placed as a single layer on soil surface on the mineralisation of C and N over 55days. As residues, we used dry stems of rice, soybean, sorghum, brachiaria and wheat. There were no significant effects of residue placement on C mineralisation kinetics. Decomposition of the residues on the soil surface slightly increased net N mineralisation for residues having the smallest C/N ratio

Published
2018

47. C-MIP: An international model inter-comparison simulating organic carbon dynamics in bare fallow soils

Author

Farina, Roberta, Ehrhardt, Fiona, Bellocchi, Gianni, Chenu, Claire, Soussana, Jean-François, Abdalla, Mohamed, Blauer, Mira, Brilli, Lorenzo, Chakrabarti, Bidisha, Clivot, Hugues, De Antoni, Max, di bene, claudia, Dorich, Cristopher, Ferchaud, Fabien, Nuala, Fitton, Francaviglia, Rosa, Franko, Uwe, Grant, Brian B, Guenet, Bertrand, Harrison, Matthew T., Kirschbaum, Miko U.F., Kuka, Katrin, Lehtonen, Aleksi, Martin, Raphaël, Meier, Elizabeth Anne, Menichetti, Lorenzo, Mula, Laura, Nendel, Claas, Rolinski, Susanne, Sharp, Joanna, Shepherd, Anita, Smith, Ward, Snow, Val, Taghizadeh-Toosi, Arezoo, Tsutskikh, Elena, Zhang, Qing, Recous, Sylvie, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, (SFIRC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Queensland University of Technology, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Agriculture Canada, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Natural resources institute Finland, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dipartimento di Agraria e Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Plant & Food Research, Rothamsted Research, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), AgResearch Ltd, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Farina, Roberta, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), University of Aberdeen, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

IntroductionC sequestration in agricultural soils contributes to the achievement of the climate objectives (e.g. COP-21"s "4per 1000" initiative). Reliable methodologies are needed to assess the soil C sequestration potential of agricultural lands in different management, soil and climate conditions. Simulation models extrapolate C dynamics from current knowledge in both time and space. This is difficult when soil is covered by vegetation,for the continuous input of plant residues and root exudates, and the influence of plants on soil water and temperature dynamics. Long-term bare fallow (LTBF) experiments offer ideal conditions to test models simulating soil organic C dynamics.

Published
2017

48. Temporal differentiation of soil biota communities and of trophic networks in response to arable crop management strategies

Author

Coudrain, Valérie, Hedde, Mickael, Chauvat, Matthieu, Maron, Pierre-Alain, Bourgeois, Emilie, Mary, Bruno, Léonard, Joël, Ekelund, Flemming, Villenave, Cécile, Thébault, Elisa, Recous, Sylvie, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Elisol Environnement, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA., Bâtiment A 7ème étage, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (IEES Paris), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 ( FARE ), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne ( URCA ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Etude et compréhension de la biodiversité ( ECODIV ), Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons ( AGRO-LRM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris ( IEES Paris ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], fertilization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], tillage, trophic groups, functional traits, invertebrates, microorganisms, plant residues
Abstract

EA BIOmEEABIOmE; Promoting diverse and functional biological communities is an important objective of agroecology, with increasing attention given to the important role of soil biodiversity. In an experimental study conducted in actual field conditions, we followed over four years the dynamic of soil organisms from microorganisms to micro-, meso- and macro-fauna in a cropping system submitted to four different treatments that varied in tillage, residue management and N fertilization rate. Differentiation in taxonomic diversity, in the abundance and diversity of the multiple trophic groups and in food-web structure was evaluated. A co-statis analysis was used to investigate the joint dynamics of food-web structure and soil functions linked to C and N dynamics. Our study demonstrated a delayed but effective differentiation in soil biota diversity following implementation of the agricultural practices. Soil biodiversity varied throughout time with some groups responding more readily than others. While tillage appeared a main factor of influence, surprisingly little impact of residue management and nitrogen fertilization could be observed. Significant interactive effect of year and treatment was found on the mean trophic level and the bacterial to fungal path ratio, but not on the number of trophic groups and Shannon's link diversity. Finally, co-statis analysis revealed significant differences in co-dynamics between food-web structure and soil functions over four years, mainly drove by conventionally tilled vs reduced tilled treatments. Through its multi-taxonomic approach, the present study increases our understanding of the dynamic of soil communities in agricultural cropping systems and helps identify possible consequences for soil functioning.

Published
2016

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