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1. Correlating grain boundary character and composition in 3-dimensions using 4D-scanning precession electron diffraction and atom probe tomography

Author

Das, Saurabh M., Harrison, Patrick, Kiranbabu, Srikakulapu, Zhou, Xuyang, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Rauch, Edgar F., Herbig, Michael, and Liebscher, Christian H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Grain boundaries are dominant imperfections in nanocrystalline materials that form a complex 3-dimensional (3D) network. Solute segregation to grain boundaries is strongly coupled to the grain boundary character, which governs the stability and macroscopic properties of nanostructured materials. Here, we develop a 3-dimensional transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography correlation framework to retrieve the grain boundary character and composition at the highest spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity by correlating four-dimensional scanning precession electron diffraction tomography (4D-SPED) and atom probe tomography (APT) on the same sample. We obtain the 3D grain boundary habit plane network and explore the preferential segregation of Cu and Si in a nanocrystalline Ni-W alloy. The correlation of structural and compositional information reveals that Cu segregates predominantly along high angle grain boundaries and incoherent twin boundaries, whereas Si segregation to low angle and incommensurate grain boundaries is observed. The novel full 3D correlative approach employed in this work opens up new possibilities to explore the 3D crystallographic and compositional nature of nanomaterials. This lays the foundation for both probing the true 3D structure-chemistry at the sub-nanometer scale and, consequentially, tailoring the macroscopic properties of advanced nanomaterials.

Published
2024

2. dopanim: A Dataset of Doppelganger Animals with Noisy Annotations from Multiple Humans

Author

Herde, Marek, Huseljic, Denis, Rauch, Lukas, and Sick, Bernhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Human annotators typically provide annotated data for training machine learning models, such as neural networks. Yet, human annotations are subject to noise, impairing generalization performances. Methodological research on approaches counteracting noisy annotations requires corresponding datasets for a meaningful empirical evaluation. Consequently, we introduce a novel benchmark dataset, dopanim, consisting of about 15,750 animal images of 15 classes with ground truth labels. For approximately 10,500 of these images, 20 humans provided over 52,000 annotations with an accuracy of circa 67%. Its key attributes include (1) the challenging task of classifying doppelganger animals, (2) human-estimated likelihoods as annotations, and (3) annotator metadata. We benchmark well-known multi-annotator learning approaches using seven variants of this dataset and outline further evaluation use cases such as learning beyond hard class labels and active learning. Our dataset and a comprehensive codebase are publicly available to emulate the data collection process and to reproduce all empirical results., Comment: Under review @ NeurIPS 2024 (Datasets and Benchmarks Track)

Published
2024

3. Determination of five-parameter grain boundary characteristics in nanocrystalline Ni-W by Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction Tomography

Author

Rauch, E. F., Harrison, Patrick, Das, Saurabh Mohan, Goncalves, William, Da Silva, Alessandra, Chen, Xinren, Viganò, Nicola, Liebscher, Christian H., Ludwig, Wolfgang, and Zhou, Xuyang

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Determining the full five-parameter grain boundary characteristics from experiments is essential for understanding grain boundaries impact on material properties, improving related models, and designing advanced alloys. However, achieving this is generally challenging, in particular at nanoscale, due to their 3D nature. In our study, we successfully determined the grain boundary characteristics of an annealed nickel-tungsten alloy (NiW) nanocrystalline needle-shaped specimen (tip) containing twins using Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction (SPED) Tomography. The presence of annealing twins in this face-centered cubic (fcc) material gives rise to common reflections in the SPED diffraction patterns, which challenges the reconstruction of orientation-specific virtual dark field (VDF) images required for tomographic reconstruction of the 3D grain shapes. To address this, an automated post-processing step identifies and deselects these shared reflections prior to the reconstruction of the VDF images. Combined with appropriate intensity normalization and projection alignment procedures, this approach enables high-fidelity 3D reconstruction of the individual grains contained in the needle-shaped sample volume. To probe the accuracy of the resulting boundary characteristics, the twin boundary surface normal directions were extracted from the 3D voxelated grain boundary map using a 3D Hough transform. For the sub-set of coherent Sigma 3 boundaries, the expected {111} grain boundary plane normals were obtained with an angular error of less than 3{\textdegree} for boundary sizes down to 400 nm${}^2$. This work advances our ability to precisely characterize and understand the complex grain boundaries that govern material properties.

Published
2024

4. A spectroscopic and kinematic survey of fast hot subdwarfs

Author

Geier, S., Heber, U., Irrgang, A., Dorsch, M., Bastian, A., Neunteufel, P., Kupfer, T., Bloemen, S., Kreuzer, S., Möller, L., Schindewolf, M., Schneider, D., Ziegerer, E., Pelisoli, I., Schaffenroth, V., Barlow, B. N., Raddi, R., Geier, S. J., Reindl, N., Rauch, T., Nemeth, P., and Gänsicke, B. T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Hot subdwarfs (sdO/B) are the stripped helium cores of red giants formed by binary interactions. Close hot subdwarf binaries with massive white dwarf companions have been proposed as possible progenitors of thermonuclear supernovae type Ia (SN Ia). If the supernova is triggered by stable mass transfer from the helium star, the companion should survive the explosion and should be accelerated to high velocities. The hypervelocity star US 708 is regarded as the prototype for such an ejected companion. To find more of those objects we conducted an extensive spectroscopic survey. Candidates for such fast stars have been selected from the spectroscopic database of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and several ground-based proper motion surveys. Follow-up spectroscopy has been obtained with several 4m- to 10m-class telescopes. Combining the results from quantitative spectroscopic analyses with space-based astrometry from \textit{Gaia} Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) we determined the atmospheric and kinematic parameters of 53 fast hot subdwarf stars. None of these stars is unbound to the Galaxy, although some have Galactic restframe velocities close to the Galactic escape velocity. 21 stars are apparently single objects, which crossed the Galactic disc within their lifetimes in the sdO/B stage and could be regarded as potential candidates for the SN Ia ejection scenario. However, the properties of the full sample are more consistent with a pure old Galactic halo population. We therefore conclude that the fast sdO/B stars we found are likely to be extreme halo stars., Comment: 22 pages, A&A accepted

Published
2024

6. Towards Deep Active Learning in Avian Bioacoustics

Author

Rauch, Lukas, Huseljic, Denis, Wirth, Moritz, Decke, Jens, Sick, Bernhard, and Scholz, Christoph

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) in avian bioacoustics enables cost-effective and extensive data collection with minimal disruption to natural habitats. Despite advancements in computational avian bioacoustics, deep learning models continue to encounter challenges in adapting to diverse environments in practical PAM scenarios. This is primarily due to the scarcity of annotations, which requires labor-intensive efforts from human experts. Active learning (AL) reduces annotation cost and speed ups adaption to diverse scenarios by querying the most informative instances for labeling. This paper outlines a deep AL approach, introduces key challenges, and conducts a small-scale pilot study., Comment: preprint, under review IAL@ECML-PKDD24

Published
2024

7. Spectral analysis of three hot subdwarf stars: EC 11481-2303, Feige 110, and PG 0909+276: A critical oscillator-strength evaluation for iron-group elements

Author

Landstorfer, A., Rauch, T., and Werner, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

For the precise spectral analysis of hot stars, advanced stellar-atmosphere models that consider deviations from the local thermodynamic equilibrium are mandatory. This requires accurate atomic data to calculate all transition rates and occupation numbers for atomic levels in the considered model atoms, not only for a few prominent lines exhibited in an observation. The critical evaluation of atomic data is a challenge because it requires precise laboratory measurements. Ultraviolet spectroscopy of hot stars with high resolving power provide such "laboratory" spectra. We compare observed, isolated lines of the iron group (here calcium to nickel) with our synthetic line profiles to judge the accuracy of the respective oscillator strengths. This will verify them or yield individual correction values to improve the spectral analysis, i.e., the determination of, e.g., effective temperature and abundances. To minimize the error propagation from uncertainties in effective temperature, surface gravity (g), and abundance determination, we start with a precise reanalysis of three hot subdwarf stars, namely EC 11481-2303, Feige 110, and PG 0909+276. Then, we measure the abundances of the iron-group elements individually. Based on identified, isolated lines of these elements, we compare observation and models to measure their deviation in strength (equivalent width). For EC 11481-2303 and Feige 110, we confirmed the previously determined effective temperatures and log g values within their error limits. For all three stars, we fine-tuned all metal abundances to achieve the best reproduction of the observation. For more than 450 isolated absorption lines of the iron group, we compared modeled and observed line strengths. We selected strong, reliable isolated absorption lines, which we recommend to use as reference lines for abundance determinations in related objects., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

8. Asynchronous BFT Asset Transfer: Quasi-Anonymous, Light, and Consensus-Free

Author

Albouy, Timothé, Anceaume, Emmanuelle, Frey, Davide, Gestin, Mathieu, Rauch, Arthur, Raynal, Michel, and Taïani, François

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

This article introduces a new asynchronous Byzantine-tolerant asset transfer system (cryptocurrency) with three noteworthy properties: quasi-anonymity, lightness, and consensus-freedom. Quasi-anonymity means no information is leaked regarding the receivers and amounts of the asset transfers. Lightness means that the underlying cryptographic schemes are \textit{succinct}, and each process only stores data polylogarithmic in the number of its own transfers.Consensus-freedom means the system does not rely on a total order of asset transfers. The proposed algorithm is the first asset transfer system that simultaneously fulfills all these properties in the presence of asynchrony and Byzantine processes. To obtain them, the paper adopts a modular approach combining a new distributed object called agreement proofs and well-known techniques such as vector commitments, universal accumulators, and zero-knowledge proofs. The paper also presents a new non-trivial universal accumulator implementation that does not need knowledge of the underlying accumulated set to generate (non-)membership proofs, which could benefit other crypto-based applications.

Published
2024

9. Release Note -- VBFNLO 3.0

Author

Baglio, Julien, Campanario, Francisco, Chen, Tinghua, Dietrich-Siebert, Heiko, Figy, Terrance, Kerner, Matthias, Kubocz, Michael, Le, Duc Ninh, Löschner, Maximilian, Plätzer, Simon, Rauch, Michael, Rosario, Ivan, Roth, Robin, and Zeppenfeld, Dieter

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

VBFNLO is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), QCD-induced single and double vector boson production plus two jets, and double and triple vector boson production (plus jet) in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two and three jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. For the new version -- Version 3.0 -- several major enhancements have been included. An interface according to the Binoth Les Houches Accord (BLHA) has been added for all VBF and di/tri-boson processes including fully leptonic decays. For all dimension-8 operators affecting vector boson scattering (VBS) processes, a modified T-matrix unitarization procedure has been implemented. Several new production processes have been added, namely the VBS $Z\gamma jj$ and $\gamma \gamma jj$ processes at NLO, $\gamma \gamma jj $, $WWj$ and $ZZj$ production at NLO including the loop-induced gluon-fusion contributions and the gluon-fusion one-loop induced $\Phi jjj$ ($\Phi$ is a CP-even or CP-odd scalar boson) process at LO, retaining the full top-mass dependence. Finally, the code has been parallelized using OpenMPI., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures; new code available at http://ific.uv.es/vbfnlo/. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1107.4038

Published
2024

10. Fast Fishing: Approximating BAIT for Efficient and Scalable Deep Active Image Classification

Author

Huseljic, Denis, Hahn, Paul, Herde, Marek, Rauch, Lukas, and Sick, Bernhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Deep active learning (AL) seeks to minimize the annotation costs for training deep neural networks. BAIT, a recently proposed AL strategy based on the Fisher Information, has demonstrated impressive performance across various datasets. However, BAIT's high computational and memory requirements hinder its applicability on large-scale classification tasks, resulting in current research neglecting BAIT in their evaluation. This paper introduces two methods to enhance BAIT's computational efficiency and scalability. Notably, we significantly reduce its time complexity by approximating the Fisher Information. In particular, we adapt the original formulation by i) taking the expectation over the most probable classes, and ii) constructing a binary classification task, leading to an alternative likelihood for gradient computations. Consequently, this allows the efficient use of BAIT on large-scale datasets, including ImageNet. Our unified and comprehensive evaluation across a variety of datasets demonstrates that our approximations achieve strong performance with considerably reduced time complexity. Furthermore, we provide an extensive open-source toolbox that implements recent state-of-the-art AL strategies, available at https://github.com/dhuseljic/dal-toolbox., Comment: Accepted at ECML PKDD 2024

Published
2024

11. Discovery of optically emitting circumgalactic nebulae around the majority of UV-luminous quasars at intermediate redshift

Author

Johnson, Sean D., Liu, Zhuoqi Will, Li, Jennifer I., Schaye, Joop, Greene, Jenny E., Cantalupo, Sebastiano, Rudie, Gwen C., Qu, Zhijie, Chen, Hsiao-Wen, Rafelski, Marc, Muzahid, Sowgat, Chen, Mandy C., Contini, Thierry, Kollatschny, Wolfram, Mishra, Nishant, Rauch, Michael, Petitjean, Patrick, and Zahedy, Fakhri S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We report the discovery of large ionized, [O II] emitting circumgalactic nebulae around the majority of thirty UV luminous quasars at $z=0.4-1.4$ observed with deep, wide-field integral field spectroscopy (IFS) with the Multi-Unit Spectroscopy Explorer (MUSE) by the Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey (CUBS) and MUSE Quasar Blind Emitters Survey (MUSEQuBES). Among the 30 quasars, seven (23%) exhibit [O II] emitting nebulae with major axis sizes greater than 100 kpc, twenty greater than 50 kpc (67%), and 27 (90%) greater than 20 kpc. Such large, optically emitting nebulae indicate that cool, dense, and metal-enriched circumgalactic gas is common in the halos of luminous quasars at intermediate redshift. Several of the largest nebulae exhibit morphologies that suggest interaction-related origins. We detect no correlation between the sizes and cosmological dimming corrected surface brightnesses of the nebulae and quasar redshift, luminosity, black hole mass, or radio-loudness, but find a tentative correlation between the nebulae and rest-frame [O II] equivalent width in the quasar spectra. This potential trend suggests a relationship between ISM content and gas reservoirs on CGM scales. The [O II]-emitting nebulae around the $z\approx1$ quasars are smaller and less common than Ly$\alpha$ nebulae around $z\approx3$ quasars. These smaller sizes can be explained if the outer regions of the Ly$\alpha$ halos arise from scattering in more neutral gas, by evolution in the cool CGM content of quasar host halos, by lower-than-expected metallicities on $\gtrsim50$ kpc scales around $z\approx1$ quasars, or by changes in quasar episodic lifetimes between $z=3$ and $1$., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2024

12. Application of the VMM ASIC for SiPM-based calorimetry

Author

Bearden, I., Buchakchiev, V., Buhl, A., Dufke, L., Isidori, T., Jia, S., Kozhuharov, V., Loizides, C., Muller, H., Pfeiffer, D., Rauch, M., Rusu, A., and Simeonov, R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Highly integrated multichannel readout electronics is crucial in contemporary particle physics experiments. A novel silicon photomultiplier readout system based on the VMM3a ASIC was developed, for the first time exploiting this chip for calorimetric purposes. To extend the dynamic range the signal from each SiPM channel was processed by two electronics channels with different gain. A fully operational prototype system with 256 SiPM readout channels allowed the collection of data from a prototype of the ALICE Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FoCal-H). The design and the test beam results using high energy hadron beams are presented and discussed, confirming the applicability of VMM3a-based solutions for energy measurements in a high rate environment., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures

Published
2024

13. Beam test of n-type Silicon pad array detector at PS CERN

Author

Sawan, Bregant, M., Bouly, J. L., Bourrion, O., Brink, A. van den, Chujo, T., Krug, C., Kumar, L., Kashyap, V. K. S., Ghimouz, A., Inaba, M., Isidori, T., Loizides, C., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Minafra, N., Novitzky, N., Ponchant, N., Rauch, M., Sharma, K. P., Singh, R., Thienpont, D., Tourres, D., and Tambave, G.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This work reports the testing of a Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) prototype based on an n-type Si pad array detector at the CERN PS accelerator. The FoCal is a proposed upgrade in the ALICE detector operating within the pseudorapidity range of 3.2 < $\mathrm{\eta}$ < 5.8. It aims to measure direct photons, neutral hadrons, vector mesons, and jets for the study of gluon saturation effects in the unexplored region of low momentum fraction x ($\mathrm{\sim10^{-5} - 10^{-6}}$). The prototype is a $\mathrm{8\times9}$ n-type Si pad array detector with each pad occupying one cm$^2$ area, fabricated on a 6-in, 325~$\mathrm{\pm 10 \thinspace \mu}$m thick, and high-resistivity ($\sim$7 k$\Omega \thinspace$ cm) Si wafer which is readout using HGCROCv2 chip. The detector is tested using pion beams of energy 10~GeV and electron beams of energy 1-5~GeV. The measurements of the Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP) response of pions and the shower profiles of electrons are reported., Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures

Published
2024

14. BirdSet: A Dataset and Benchmark for Classification in Avian Bioacoustics

Author

Rauch, Lukas, Schwinger, Raphael, Wirth, Moritz, Heinrich, René, Huseljic, Denis, Lange, Jonas, Kahl, Stefan, Sick, Bernhard, Tomforde, Sven, and Scholz, Christoph

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Deep learning (DL) models have emerged as a powerful tool in avian bioacoustics to assess environmental health. To maximize the potential of cost-effective and minimal-invasive passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), DL models must analyze bird vocalizations across a wide range of species and environmental conditions. However, data fragmentation challenges a comprehensive evaluation of generalization performance. Therefore, we introduce the BirdSet dataset, comprising approximately 520,000 global bird recordings for training and over 400 hours of PAM recordings for testing. Our benchmark offers baselines for several DL models to enhance comparability and consolidate research across studies, along with code implementations that include comprehensive training and evaluation protocols., Comment: Under review @NeurIPS2024 Datasets & Benchmarks

Published
2024

15. Effect of turbulent diffusion in modeling anaerobic digestion

Author

Yan, Jeremy Z., Kumar, Prashant, and Rauch, Wolfgang

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Abstract

In this study, the impact of turbulent diffusion on mixing of biochemical reaction models is explored by implementing and validating different models. An original codebase called CHAD (Coupled Hydrodynamics and Anaerobic Digestion) is extended to incorporate turbulent diffusion and validate it against results from OpenFOAM with 2D Rayleigh-Taylor Instability and lid-driven cavity simulations. The models are then tested for the applications with Anaerobic Digestion - a widely used wastewater treatment method. The findings demonstrate that the implemented models accurately capture turbulent diffusion when provided with an accurate flow field. Specifically, a minor effect of chemical turbulent diffusion on biochemical reactions within the anaerobic digestion tank is observed, while thermal turbulent diffusion significantly influences mixing. By successfully implementing turbulent diffusion models in CHAD, its capabilities for more accurate anaerobic digestion simulations are enhanced, aiding in optimizing the design and operation of anaerobic digestion reactors in real-world wastewater treatment applications.

Published
2024
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16. Systematic effects on a Compton polarimeter at the focus of an X-ray mirror

Author

Aoyagi, M., Bose, R. G., Chun, S., Gau, E., Hu, K., Ishiwata, K., Iyer, N. K., Kislat, F., Kiss, M., Klepper, K., Krawczynski, H., Lisalda, L., Maeda, Y., Malmborg, F. af, Matsumoto, H., Miyamoto, A., Miyazawa, T., Pearce, M., Rauch, B. F., Cavero, N. Rodriguez, Spooner, S., Takahashi, H., Uchida, Y., West, A. T., Wimalasena, K., and Yoshimoto, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

XL-Calibur is a balloon-borne Compton polarimeter for X-rays in the $\sim$15-80 keV range. Using an X-ray mirror with a 12 m focal length for collecting photons onto a beryllium scattering rod surrounded by CZT detectors, a minimum-detectable polarization as low as $\sim$3% is expected during a 24-hour on-target observation of a 1 Crab source at 45$^{\circ}$ elevation. Systematic effects alter the reconstructed polarization as the mirror focal spot moves across the beryllium scatterer, due to pointing offsets, mechanical misalignment or deformation of the carbon-fiber truss supporting the mirror and the polarimeter. Unaddressed, this can give rise to a spurious polarization signal for an unpolarized flux, or a change in reconstructed polarization fraction and angle for a polarized flux. Using bench-marked Monte-Carlo simulations and an accurate mirror point-spread function characterized at synchrotron beam-lines, systematic effects are quantified, and mitigation strategies discussed. By recalculating the scattering site for a shifted beam, systematic errors can be reduced from several tens of percent to the few-percent level for any shift within the scattering element. The treatment of these systematic effects will be important for any polarimetric instrument where a focused X-ray beam is impinging on a scattering element surrounded by counting detectors., Comment: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2024
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17. Introducing CHAD -- An ADM1 Solver for Direct Linking to Lagrangian CFD Software

Author

Kumar, Prashant, Yan, Zhenghao, Dabiri, Soroush, Rauch, Nikolaus, and Rauch, Wolfgang

Subjects
Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, I.6.5, G.1.10
Abstract

Standard methods for modeling anaerobic digestion processes assume homogeneous conditions inside the tank and thus suffer from the negligence of hydrodynamics. In this work, we present the software toolbox Coupled Hydrodynamics and Anaerobic Digestion (CHAD), a novel parallelized solver that is capable of utilizing CFD results as the basis for Anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADMno1) simulations. CHAD uses a particle-based Lagrangian CFD solver i.e., DualSPHysics (DSPH) as input and provides for a parallelized, C++ code implementation of the standard ADMno1. This paper demonstrates a conceptual and numerical verification of the toolbox and outlines the future pathway to enhance the approach., Comment: conference paper

Published
2023

18. Impacts of COVID-19 shelter in place across key life domains among immigrant farmworker Latina mothers and young adults

Author

Bakal, Michael, Ambriz, Elizabeth, Ortiz-Pivaral, Lizbeth, Kogut, Katherine, Rood, Claire Snell, Rauch, Stephen, Eskenazi, Brenda, and Deardorff, Julianna

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Coronaviruses, Infectious Diseases, Pediatric, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Health Disparities, Minority Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Social Determinants of Health, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, COVID-19, Female, Mothers, Young Adult, Adult, Male, Focus Groups, California, Farmers, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Emigrants and Immigrants, Adaptation, Psychological, Hispanic or Latino, Longitudinal Studies, Stress, Psychological, Stress, Hispanic/Latino, Farmworker, Qualitative research, Public Health and Health Services, Health services and systems, Public health
Abstract

ObjectiveIndividuals and families from racial and ethnic groups experience social and economic disadvantage making them vulnerable to the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to capture the impacts of Shelter in Place (SIP) across key life domains including family life, education, work, mental health, and coping strategies among a sample of Mexican-origin mothers who were currently engaged in agricultural work, or whose spouses were engaged in agricultural work, and young adults who had a parent working in agriculture.MethodDuring the summer of 2020, while California was under SIP orders, we conducted three virtual focus groups using Zoom(r). We recruited focus group participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), an ongoing, 20-year, longitudinal cohort study of Mexican-origin families in a predominantly agricultural area of California. Three focus groups were conducted with mothers (n = 9), mean age = 48 years, young adult women (n = 8) and young adult men (n = 5), mean age = 18 years, respectively.ResultsMothers reported high levels of stress stemming from fear of Covid-19 infection, work instability and financial concerns, children's schooling, anxiety about an uncertain future, and the demands of caretaking for dependents. Adverse mental health impacts were particularly pronounced among participants experiencing multiple adversities pre-dating the pandemic, including unemployment, single motherhood, and having undocumented family members. For young adults, work instability and varying work hours were also a source of stress because they made it difficult to make decisions about the future, such as whether to attend college or how many classes to take. Families used coping strategies including expressing gratitude, focusing on what's under one's control, familismo, and community engagement to manage mental health challenges during SIP.ConclusionIn the event of future pandemics or disasters, particular attention is needed to those who experience unemployment, are undocumented and/or have undocumented family members, and/or are single parents facing economic adversity. During public health emergencies, action at the local, state, and national level is needed to support farmworkers and other vulnerable groups' secondary major stressors stemming from inequities in access to affordable housing, childcare, living wages, healthcare, and other benefits.

Published
2024

19. Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes: leveraging antecedent factors to stratify risk.

Author

Garrison-Desany, Henri, Meyers, Jacquelyn, Linnstaedt, Sarah, House, Stacey, Beaudoin, Francesca, An, Xinming, Zeng, Donglin, Neylan, Thomas, Clifford, Gari, Jovanovic, Tanja, Germine, Laura, Bollen, Kenneth, Rauch, Scott, Haran, John, Storrow, Alan, Lewandowski, Christopher, Musey, Paul, Hendry, Phyllis, Sheikh, Sophia, Jones, Christopher, Punches, Brittany, Swor, Robert, Gentile, Nina, Hudak, Lauren, Pascual, Jose, Seamon, Mark, Harris, Erica, Pearson, Claire, Peak, David, Domeier, Robert, Rathlev, Niels, ONeil, Brian, Sergot, Paulina, Sanchez, Leon, Bruce, Steven, Joormann, Jutta, Harte, Steven, McLean, Samuel, Koenen, Karestan, and Denckla, Christy

Subjects
alcohol, cannabis, causal forest, effect modification, post-traumatic stress disorder, socioenvironmental factors, substance use, tobacco
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis) are highly comorbid. Many factors affect this relationship, including sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, other prior traumas, and physical health. However, few prior studies have investigated this prospectively, examining new substance use and the extent to which a wide range of factors may modify the relationship to PTSD. METHODS: The Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) study is a prospective cohort of adults presenting at emergency departments (N = 2,943). Participants self-reported PTSD symptoms and the frequency and quantity of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use at six total timepoints. We assessed the associations of PTSD and future substance use, lagged by one timepoint, using the Poisson generalized estimating equations. We also stratified by incident and prevalent substance use and generated causal forests to identify the most important effect modifiers of this relationship out of 128 potential variables. RESULTS: At baseline, 37.3% (N = 1,099) of participants reported likely PTSD. PTSD was associated with tobacco frequency (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.003, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01, p = 0.02) and quantity (IRR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.01, p = 0.01), and alcohol frequency (IRR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.004, p = 0.03) and quantity (IRR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.01, p = 0.001), but not with cannabis use. There were slight differences in incident compared to prevalent tobacco frequency and quantity of use; prevalent tobacco frequency and quantity were associated with PTSD symptoms, while incident tobacco frequency and quantity were not. Using causal forests, lifetime worst use of cigarettes, overall self-rated physical health, and prior childhood trauma were major moderators of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and the three substances investigated. CONCLUSION: PTSD symptoms were highly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, while the association with prospective cannabis use is not clear. Findings suggest that understanding the different risk stratification that occurs can aid in tailoring interventions to populations at greatest risk to best mitigate the comorbidity between PTSD symptoms and future substance use outcomes. We demonstrate that this is particularly salient for tobacco use and, to some extent, alcohol use, while cannabis is less likely to be impacted by PTSD symptoms across the strata.

Published
2024

20. The photospheres of the hottest fastest stars in the Galaxy

Author

Werner, Klaus, Reindl, Nicole, Rauch, Thomas, El-Badry, Kareem, and Bédard, Antoine

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We perform nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmosphere analyses of the three hottest hypervelocity stars (space velocities between $\approx$ 1500-2800 km s$^{-1}$) known to date, which were recently discovered spectroscopically and identified as runaways from Type Ia supernovae. The hottest of the three (J0546$+$0836, effective temperature $T_\mathrm{eff}$ = 95,000 $\pm$ 15,000 K, surface gravity log g = $5.5 \pm 0.5$) has an oxygen-dominated atmosphere with a significant amount of carbon (C = $0.10 \pm 0.05$, O = $0.90 \pm 0.05$, mass fractions). Its mixed absorption+emission line spectrum exhibits photospheric absorption lines from O V and O VI as well as O III and O IV emission lines that are formed in a radiation-driven wind with a mass-loss rate of the order of $10^{-8}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. Spectroscopically, J0546$+$0836 is a [WC]-PG1159 transition-type pre-white dwarf. The second object (J0927$-$6335) is a PG1159-type white dwarf with a pure absorption-line spectrum dominated by C III/C IV and O III/O IV. We find $T_\mathrm{eff}$ = 60,000 $\pm$ 5000 K, log g = $7.0 \pm 0.5$, and a carbon- and oxygen-dominated atmosphere with C = $0.47 \pm 0.25$, O = $0.48 \pm 0.25$, and possibly a minute amount of helium (He = $0.05 \pm 0.05$). Comparison with post-AGB evolutionary tracks suggests a mass of $M\approx0.5$ $M_\odot$ for both objects, if such tracks can safely be applied to these stars. We find the third object (J1332$-$3541) to be a relatively massive ($M=0.89 M_\odot$) hydrogen-rich (DAO) white dwarf with $T_\mathrm{eff}$ = 65,657 $\pm$ 2390 K, log g = $8.38 \pm 0.08$, and abundances H = $0.65 \pm 0.04$ and He = $0.35 \pm 0.04$. We discuss our results in the context of the "dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation" (D$^6$) scenario proposed for the origin of these stars., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2023

21. Performance of the electromagnetic and hadronic prototype segments of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter

Author

Aehle, M., Alme, J., Arata, C., Arsene, I., Bearden, I., Bodova, T., Borshchov, V., Bourrion, O., Bregant, M., Brink, A. van den, Buchakchiev, V., Buhl, A., Chujo, T., Dufke, L., Eikeland, V., Fasel, M., Gauger, N., Gautam, A., Ghimouz, A., Goto, Y., Guernane, R., Hachiya, T., Hassan, H., He, L., Helstrup, H., Huhta, L., Inaba, M., Inukai, T., Isidori, T., Jonas, F., Kawaguchi, T., Keidel, R., Kim, M., Kozhuharov, V., Kumaoka, T., Kusch, L., Loizides, C., Melikyan, Y., Miake, Y., Minafra, N., Nystrand, J., Novitzky, N., Øekland, T., Oyama, K., Park, H., Park, J., Pascal, I., Peitzmann, T., Protsenko, M., Räsänen, S. S., Rarbi, F., Rauch, M., Rehman, A., Richter, M., Röhrich, D., Røed, K., Rusu, A., Rytkönen, H., Sakai, S., Sato, K., Schilling, A., Shimizu, S., Shimomura, M., Simeonov, R., Solheim, E., Sugitate, T., Tambave, G., Takaki, D. Tapia, Tourres, D., Tymchuk, I., Yi, J., Yin, Z., Ullaland, K., Yang, S., Yokoo, T., Zhou, D., and Zillien, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the performance of a full-length prototype of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter (FoCal). The detector is composed of a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic sampling calorimeter with longitudinal and transverse segmentation (FoCal-E) of about 20$X_0$ and a hadronic copper-scintillating-fiber calorimeter (FoCal-H) of about 5$\lambda_{\rm int}$. The data were taken between 2021 and 2023 at the CERN PS and SPS beam lines with hadron (electron) beams up to energies of 350 (300) GeV. Regarding FoCal-E, we report a comprehensive analysis of its response to minimum ionizing particles across all pad layers. The longitudinal shower profile of electromagnetic showers is measured with a layer-wise segmentation of 1$X_0$. As a projection to the performance of the final detector in electromagnetic showers, we demonstrate linearity in the full energy range, and show that the energy resolution fulfills the requirements for the physics needs. Additionally, the performance to separate two-showers events was studied by quantifying the transverse shower width. Regarding FoCal-H, we report a detailed analysis of the response to hadron beams between 60 and 350 GeV. The results are compared to simulations obtained with a Geant4 model of the test beam setup, which in particular for FoCal-E are in good agreement with the data. The energy resolution of FoCal-E was found to be lower than 3% at energies larger than 100 GeV. The response of FoCal-H to hadron beams was found to be linear, albeit with a significant intercept that is about factor 2 larger than in simulations. Its resolution, which is non-Gaussian and generally larger than in simulations, was quantified using the FWHM, and decreases from about 16% at 100 GeV to about 11% at 350 GeV. The discrepancy to simulations, which is particularly evident at low hadron energies, needs to be further investigated., Comment: 57 pages (without acronyms), 45 captioned figures

Published
2023
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22. Gravitational Waves on Charged Black Hole Backgrounds in Modified Gravity

Author

Varela, Miguel Barroso and Rauch, Hugo

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The stability of Reissner-N\"ordstrom black holes with an extremal mass-charge relation was determined by calculating the propagation speed of gravitational waves on this background in an effective field theory (EFT) of gravity. New results for metric components are shown, along with the corresponding new extremal relation, part of which differs by a global factor of 2 from the past published work. This new relation further develops the existing constraints on EFT parameters. The radial propagation speed for gravitational waves in the Regge-Wheeler gauge was calculated linearly for all perturbations, yielding exact luminality for all dimension-4 operators. The dimension-6 radial speed modifications introduce no constraints on the sign of the modified theory parameters from causality arguments, while the deviation from classical theories vanishes at both horizons. The angular speed was found to be altered for the dimension-4 operators, with possible new constraints on the modified theory being suggested from causality arguments. Results are consistent existing literature on Schwarzschild black hole backgrounds, with some EFT terms becoming active only in non-vacuum spacetimes such as Reissner-N\"ordstrom black holes., Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023

23. Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station

Author

Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, 3 T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Detailed measurements of the spectral structure of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from 10.6 GeV to 7.5 TeV are presented from over 7 years of observations with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station. Because of the excellent energy resolution (a few percent above 10 GeV) and the outstanding e/p separation (10$^5$), CALET provides optimal performance for a detailed search of structures in the energy spectrum. The analysis uses data up to the end of 2022, and the statistics of observed electron candidates has increased more than 3 times since the last publication in 2018. By adopting an updated boosted decision tree analysis, a sufficient proton rejection power up to 7.5 TeV is achieved, with a residual proton contamination less than 10%. The observed energy spectrum becomes gradually harder in the lower energy region from around 30 GeV, consistently with AMS-02, but from 300 to 600 GeV it is considerably softer than the spectra measured by DAMPE and Fermi-LAT. At high energies, the spectrum presents a sharp break around 1 TeV, with a spectral index change from -3.15 to -3.91, and a broken power law fitting the data in the energy range from 30 GeV to 4.8 TeV better than a single power law with 6.9 sigma significance, which is compatible with the DAMPE results. The break is consistent with the expected effects of radiation loss during the propagation from distant sources (except the highest energy bin). We have fitted the spectrum with a model consistent with the positron flux measured by AMS-02 below 1 TeV and interpreted the electron + positron spectrum with possible contributions from pulsars and nearby sources. Above 4.8 TeV, a possible contribution from known nearby supernova remnants, including Vela, is addressed by an event-by-event analysis providing a higher proton-rejection power than a purely statistical analysis., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table

Published
2023
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24. An Interdisciplinary Outlook on Large Language Models for Scientific Research

Author

Boyko, James, Cohen, Joseph, Fox, Nathan, Veiga, Maria Han, Li, Jennifer I-Hsiu, Liu, Jing, Modenesi, Bernardo, Rauch, Andreas H., Reid, Kenneth N., Tribedi, Soumi, Visheratina, Anastasia, and Xie, Xin

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Digital Libraries, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In this paper, we describe the capabilities and constraints of Large Language Models (LLMs) within disparate academic disciplines, aiming to delineate their strengths and limitations with precision. We examine how LLMs augment scientific inquiry, offering concrete examples such as accelerating literature review by summarizing vast numbers of publications, enhancing code development through automated syntax correction, and refining the scientific writing process. Simultaneously, we articulate the challenges LLMs face, including their reliance on extensive and sometimes biased datasets, and the potential ethical dilemmas stemming from their use. Our critical discussion extends to the varying impacts of LLMs across fields, from the natural sciences, where they help model complex biological sequences, to the social sciences, where they can parse large-scale qualitative data. We conclude by offering a nuanced perspective on how LLMs can be both a boon and a boundary to scientific progress.

Published
2023

25. On Conflict-Free Cuts: Algorithms and Complexity

Author

Rauch, Johannes, Rautenbach, Dieter, and Souza, Uéverton S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C85, 68Q25, 68R10, F.2.2, G.2.2
Abstract

One way to define the Matching Cut problem is: Given a graph $G$, is there an edge-cut $M$ of $G$ such that $M$ is an independent set in the line graph of $G$? We propose the more general Conflict-Free Cut problem: Together with the graph $G$, we are given a so-called conflict graph $\hat{G}$ on the edges of $G$, and we ask for an edge-cutset $M$ of $G$ that is independent in $\hat{G}$. Since conflict-free settings are popular generalizations of classical optimization problems and Conflict-Free Cut was not considered in the literature so far, we start the study of the problem. We show that the problem is $\textsf{NP}$-complete even when the maximum degree of $G$ is 5 and $\hat{G}$ is 1-regular. The same reduction implies an exponential lower bound on the solvability based on the Exponential Time Hypothesis. We also give parameterized complexity results: We show that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable with the vertex cover number of $G$ as a parameter, and we show $\textsf{W[1]}$-hardness even when $G$ has a feedback vertex set of size one, and the clique cover number of $\hat{G}$ is the parameter. Since the clique cover number of $\hat{G}$ is an upper bound on the independence number of $\hat{G}$ and thus the solution size, this implies $\textsf{W[1]}$-hardness when parameterized by the cut size. We list polynomial-time solvable cases and interesting open problems. At last, we draw a connection to a symmetric variant of SAT., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

26. An ensemble study of turbulence in extended QSO nebulae at $z\approx0.5$--1

Author

Chen, Mandy C., Chen, Hsiao-Wen, Rauch, Michael, Qu, Zhijie, Johnson, Sean D., Schaye, Joop, Rudie, Gwen C., Li, Jennifer I-Hsiu, Zhuoqi, Liu, Zahedy, Fakhri S., Cantalupo, Sebastiano, and Boettcher, Erin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Turbulent motions in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) play a critical role in regulating the evolution of galaxies, yet their detailed characterization remains elusive. Using two-dimensional velocity maps constructed from spatially-extended [OII] and [OIII] emission, Chen et al. (2023b) measured the velocity structure functions (VSFs) of four quasar nebulae at $z\approx\!0.5$--1.1. One of these exhibits a spectacular Kolmogorov relation. Here we carry out an ensemble study using an expanded sample incorporating four new nebulae from three additional QSO fields. The VSFs measured for all eight nebulae are best explained by subsonic turbulence revealed by the line-emitting gas, which in turn strongly suggests that the cool gas ($T\!\sim\!10^4$ K) is dynamically coupled to the hot ambient medium. Previous work demonstrates that the largest nebulae in our sample reside in group environments with clear signs of tidal interactions, suggesting that environmental effects are vital in seeding and enhancing turbulence within the gaseous halos, ultimately promoting the formation of the extended nebulae. No discernible differences are observed in the VSF properties between radio-loud and radio-quiet QSO fields. We estimate the turbulent heating rate per unit volume, $Q_{\rm turb}$, in the QSO nebulae to be $\sim 10^{-26}$--$10^{-22}$ erg cm$^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$ for the cool phase and $\sim 10^{-28}$--$10^{-25}$ erg cm$^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$ for the hot phase. This range aligns with measurements in the intracluster medium and star-forming molecular clouds but is $\sim10^3$ times higher than the $Q_{\rm turb}$ observed inside cool gas clumps on scales $\lesssim1$ kpc using absorption-line techniques. We discuss the prospect of bridging the gap between emission and absorption studies by pushing the emission-based VSF measurements to below $\approx\!10$ kpc., Comment: 23 pages; 7 figures, and 4 tables in main text; 9 figures in Appendix; accepted by ApJ. Comments welcome

Published
2023

27. Model parameter estimation with imprecise information

Author

Wolfgang Rauch, Nikolaus Rauch, and Manfred Kleidorfer

Subjects
approximate bayesian computation, binary data, calibration, imprecise information, inverse modeling, shapley value, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Model parameter estimation is a well-known inverse problem, as long as single-value point data are available as observations of system performance measurement. However, classical statistical methods, such as the minimization of an objective function or maximum likelihood, are no longer straightforward, when measurements are imprecise in nature. Typical examples of the latter include censored data and binary information. Here, we explore Approximate Bayesian Computation as a simple method to perform model parameter estimation with such imprecise information. We demonstrate the method for the example of a plain rainfall–runoff model and illustrate the advantages and shortcomings. Last, we outline the value of Shapley values to determine which type of observation contributes to the parameter estimation and which are of minor importance. HIGHLIGHTS Approximate Bayesian Computation is a likelihood-free approach for inverse parameter estimation.; The method is both computationally simple and versatile to use imprecise information.; Censored and binary data are useful observations for parameter estimation.; Shapley values allow us to estimate the significance of a specific type of observation.; The Monte-Carlo based method is computationally expensive.;

Published
2024
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30. The Cosmic Ultraviolet Baryon Survey: Empirical Characterization of Turbulence in the Cool Circumgalactic Medium

Author

Chen, Hsiao-Wen, Qu, Zhijie, Rauch, Michael, Chen, Mandy C., Zahedy, Fakhri S., Johnson, Sean D., Schaye, Joop, Rudie, Gwen C., Boettcher, Erin, Cantalupo, Sebastiano, Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre, Greene, Jenny E., Lopez, Sebastian, and Simcoe, Robert A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

This paper reports the first measurement of the relationship between turbulent velocity and cloud size in the diffuse circumgalactic medium (CGM) in typical galaxy halos at redshift z~0.4-1. Through spectrally-resolved absorption profiles of a suite of ionic transitions paired with careful ionization analyses of individual components, cool clumps of size as small as l_cl~1 pc and density lower than nH = 0.001 cm^-3 are identified in galaxy halos. In addition, comparing the line widths between different elements for kinematically matched components provides robust empirical constraints on the thermal temperature T and the non-thermal motions bNT, independent of the ionization models. On average, bNT is found to increase with l_cl following bNT \propto l_cl^0.3 over three decades in spatial scale from l_cl~1 pc to l_cl~1 kpc. Attributing the observed bNT to turbulent motions internal to the clumps, the best-fit bNT-l_cl relation shows that the turbulence is consistent with Kolmogorov at <1 kpc with a roughly constant energy transfer rate per unit mass of epsilon~0.003 cm^2 s^-3 and a dissipation time scale of <~ 100 Myr. No significant difference is found between massive quiescent and star-forming halos in the sample on scales less than 1 kpc. While the inferred epsilon is comparable to what is found in CIV absorbers at high redshift, it is considerably smaller than observed in star-forming gas or in extended line-emitting nebulae around distant quasars. A brief discussion of possible sources to drive the observed turbulence in the cool CGM is presented., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

31. On Minimal Pumping Constants for Regular Languages

Author

Holzer, Markus and Rauch, Christian

Subjects
Computer Science - Formal Languages and Automata Theory, F.1.1, F.4.3
Abstract

The study of the operational complexity of minimal pumping constants started in [J. DASSOW and I. JECKER. Operational complexity and pumping lemmas. Acta Inform., 59:337-355, 2022], where an almost complete picture of the operational complexity of minimal pumping constants for two different variants of pumping lemmata from the literature was given. We continue this research by considering a pumping lemma for regular languages that allows pumping of sub-words at any position of the considered word, if the sub-word is long enough [S. J. SAVITCH. Abstract Machines and Grammars. 1982]. First we improve on the simultaneous regulation of minimal pumping constants induced by different pumping lemmata including Savitch's pumping lemma. In this way we are able to simultaneously regulate four different minimal pumping constants. This is a novel result in the field of descriptional complexity. Moreover, for Savitch's pumping lemma we are able to completely classify the range of the minimal pumping constant for the operations Kleene star, reversal, complement, prefix- and suffix-closure, union, set-subtraction, concatenation, intersection, and symmetric difference. In this way, we also solve some of the open problems from the paper that initiated the study of the operational complexity of minimal pumping constants mentioned above., Comment: In Proceedings AFL 2023, arXiv:2309.01126

Published
2023
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32. Active Bird2Vec: Towards End-to-End Bird Sound Monitoring with Transformers

Author

Rauch, Lukas, Schwinger, Raphael, Wirth, Moritz, Sick, Bernhard, Tomforde, Sven, and Scholz, Christoph

Subjects
Computer Science - Sound, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

We propose a shift towards end-to-end learning in bird sound monitoring by combining self-supervised (SSL) and deep active learning (DAL). Leveraging transformer models, we aim to bypass traditional spectrogram conversions, enabling direct raw audio processing. ActiveBird2Vec is set to generate high-quality bird sound representations through SSL, potentially accelerating the assessment of environmental changes and decision-making processes for wind farms. Additionally, we seek to utilize the wide variety of bird vocalizations through DAL, reducing the reliance on extensively labeled datasets by human experts. We plan to curate a comprehensive set of tasks through Huggingface Datasets, enhancing future comparability and reproducibility of bioacoustic research. A comparative analysis between various transformer models will be conducted to evaluate their proficiency in bird sound recognition tasks. We aim to accelerate the progression of avian bioacoustic research and contribute to more effective conservation strategies., Comment: Accepted @AI4S ECAI2023. This is the author's version of the work

Published
2023

33. DADO -- Low-Cost Query Strategies for Deep Active Design Optimization

Author

Decke, Jens, Gruhl, Christian, Rauch, Lukas, and Sick, Bernhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Abstract

In this experience report, we apply deep active learning to the field of design optimization to reduce the number of computationally expensive numerical simulations. We are interested in optimizing the design of structural components, where the shape is described by a set of parameters. If we can predict the performance based on these parameters and consider only the promising candidates for simulation, there is an enormous potential for saving computing power. We present two selection strategies for self-optimization to reduce the computational cost in multi-objective design optimization problems. Our proposed methodology provides an intuitive approach that is easy to apply, offers significant improvements over random sampling, and circumvents the need for uncertainty estimation. We evaluate our strategies on a large dataset from the domain of fluid dynamics and introduce two new evaluation metrics to determine the model's performance. Findings from our evaluation highlights the effectiveness of our selection strategies in accelerating design optimization. We believe that the introduced method is easily transferable to other self-optimization problems.

Published
2023
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34. Genomic Informational Field Theory (GIFT) to characterize genotypes involved in large phenotypic fluctuations

Author

Rauch, Cyril, Kyratzi, Panagiota, and Paldi, Andras

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Physics - Biological Physics, A.m
Abstract

Based on the normal distribution and its properties, i.e., average and variance, Fisher works have provided a conceptual framework to identify genotype-phenotype associations. While Fisher intuition has proved fruitful over the past century, the current demands for higher mapping precisions have led to the formulation of a new genotype-phenotype association method a.k.a. GIFT (Genomic Informational Field Theory). Not only is the method more powerful in extracting information from genotype and phenotype datasets, GIFT can also deal with any phenotype distribution density function. Here we apply GIFT to a hypothetical Cauchy-distributed phenotype. As opposed to the normal distribution that restricts fluctuations to a finite variance defined by the bulk of the distribution, Cauchy distribution embraces large phenotypic fluctuations and as a result, averages and variances from Cauchy-distributed phenotypes cannot be defined mathematically. While classic genotype-phenotype association methods (GWAS) are unable to function without proper average and variance, it is demonstrated here that GIFT can associate genotype to phenotype in this case. As phenotypic plasticity, i.e., phenotypic fluctuation, is central to surviving sudden environmental changes, by applying GIFT the unique characteristic of the genotype permitting evolution of biallelic organisms to take place is determined in this case., Comment: 51 pages (Main Text: pages 1-35 inc. references. Appendices: pages 35-51), 4 figures in the emain text, 2 figures in the appendices

Published
2023

35. Exact and Parameterized Algorithms for the Independent Cutset Problem

Author

Rauch, Johannes, Rautenbach, Dieter, and Souza, Uéverton S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05C69, 68Q25, 68R10, F.2.2, G.2.2
Abstract

The Independent Cutset problem asks whether there is a set of vertices in a given graph that is both independent and a cutset. Such a problem is $\textsf{NP}$-complete even when the input graph is planar and has maximum degree five. In this paper, we first present a $\mathcal{O}^*(1.4423^{n})$-time algorithm for the problem. We also show how to compute a minimum independent cutset (if any) in the same running time. Since the property of having an independent cutset is MSO$_1$-expressible, our main results are concerned with structural parameterizations for the problem considering parameters that are not bounded by a function of the clique-width of the input. We present $\textsf{FPT}$-time algorithms for the problem considering the following parameters: the dual of the maximum degree, the dual of the solution size, the size of a dominating set (where a dominating set is given as an additional input), the size of an odd cycle transversal, the distance to chordal graphs, and the distance to $P_5$-free graphs. We close by introducing the notion of $\alpha$-domination, which allows us to identify more fixed-parameter tractable and polynomial-time solvable cases., Comment: 20 pages with references and appendix

Published
2023

37. Azimuthal anisotropy of jet particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV

Author

Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adler, A., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Alfaro Molina, R., Ali, B., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alocco, G., Alt, T., Altsybeev, I., Alvarado, J. R., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anguelov, V., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arata, C., Arcelli, S., Aresti, M., Arnaldi, R., Arneiro, J. G. M. C. A., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Badalà, A., Bae, J., Baek, Y. W., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bailung, Y., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Balis, B., Banerjee, D., Banoo, Z., Barbera, R., Barile, F., Barioglio, L., Barlou, M., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Barreto, L., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Battistini, D., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Bazo Alba, J. L., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Becht, P., Behera, D., Belikov, I., Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belokurova, S., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikova, A., Bergmann, L., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhat, M. A., Bhattacharjee, B., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Biernat, J., Bigot, A. P., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, S., Bize, N., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blidaru, M. B., Bluhme, N., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bodova, T., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizsár, L., Bombara, M., Bond, P. M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Borquez Carcamo, A. G., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bouziani, Y. E. M., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buthelezi, Z., Bysiak, S. A., Cai, M., Caines, H., Caliva, A., Calvo Villar, E., Camacho, J. M. M., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Cantway, S. L., Carabas, M., Carballo, A. A., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Carvalho, L. A. D., Castillo Castellanos, J., Catalano, F., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Chakaberia, I., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cheng, T., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chizzali, E. S., Cho, J., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Ciacco, M., Cicalo, C., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Colamaria, F., Colburn, J. S., Colella, D., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Coquet, M. L., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Cot, C., Crkovská, J., Crochet, P., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Dainese, A., Danisch, M. C., Danu, A., Das, P., Das, P., Das, S., Dash, A. 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2024
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38. The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD

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Acharya, S., Adamová, D., Adler, A., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agnello, M., Agrawal, N., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, S., Ahn, S. U., Ahuja, I., Akindinov, A., Al-Turany, M., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfanda, H. M., Alfaro Molina, R., Ali, B., Alici, A., Alizadehvandchali, N., Alkin, A., Alme, J., Alocco, G., Alt, T., Altsybeev, I., Alvarado, J. R., Anaam, M. N., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anguelov, V., Antinori, F., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arata, C., Arcelli, S., Aresti, M., Arnaldi, R., Arsene, I. C., Arslandok, M., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Azmi, M. D., Badalà, A., Bae, J., Baek, Y. W., Bai, X., Bailhache, R., Bailung, Y., Bala, R., Balbino, A., Baldisseri, A., Balis, B., Banerjee, D., Banoo, Z., Barbera, R., Barile, F., Barioglio, L., Barlou, M., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L. S., Barret, V., Barreto, L., Bartels, C., Barth, K., Bartsch, E., Bastid, N., Basu, S., Batigne, G., Battistini, D., Batyunya, B., Bauri, D., Bazo Alba, J. L., Bearden, I. G., Beattie, C., Becht, P., Behera, D., Belikov, I., Bell Hechavarria, A. D. C., Bellini, F., Bellwied, R., Belokurova, S., Belyaev, V., Bencedi, G., Beole, S., Bercuci, A., Berdnikov, Y., Berdnikova, A., Bergmann, L., Besoiu, M. G., Betev, L., Bhaduri, P. P., Bhasin, A., Bhat, M. A., Bhattacharjee, B., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Biernat, J., Bigot, A. P., Bilandzic, A., Biro, G., Biswas, S., Bize, N., Blair, J. T., Blau, D., Blidaru, M. B., Bluhme, N., Blume, C., Boca, G., Bock, F., Bodova, T., Bogdanov, A., Boi, S., Bok, J., Boldizsár, L., Bolozdynya, A., Bombara, M., Bond, P. M., Bonomi, G., Borel, H., Borissov, A., Borquez Carcamo, A. G., Bossi, H., Botta, E., Bouziani, Y. E. M., Bratrud, L., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bregant, M., Broz, M., Bruno, G. E., Buckland, M. D., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bufalino, S., Bugnon, O., Buhler, P., Buthelezi, Z., Bysiak, S. A., Cai, M., Caines, H., Caliva, A., Calvo Villar, E., Camacho, J. M. M., Camerini, P., Canedo, F. D. M., Cantway, S. L., Carabas, M., Carballo, A. A., Carnesecchi, F., Caron, R., Carvalho, L. A. D., Castillo Castellanos, J., Castro, A. J., Catalano, F., Ceballos Sanchez, C., Chakaberia, I., Chakraborty, P., Chandra, S., Chapeland, S., Chartier, M., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cheng, T., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chizzali, E. S., Cho, J., Cho, S., Chochula, P., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Ciacco, M., Cicalo, C., Cindolo, F., Ciupek, M. R., Clai, G., Colamaria, F., Colburn, J. S., Colella, D., Colocci, M., Concas, M., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Coquet, M. L., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Costanza, S., Cot, C., Crkovská, J., Crochet, P., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuautle, E., Cui, P., Dainese, A., Damas, F. P. A., Danisch, M. C., Danu, A., Das, D., Das, P., Das, P., Das, S., Dash, A. R., Dash, S., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., De Gruttola, D., De Marco, N., De Martin, C., De Pasquale, S., Deb, S., Debski, R. J., Deja, K. R., Del Grande, R., Dello Stritto, L., Deng, W., Dhankher, P., Di Bari, D., Di Mauro, A., Diab, B., Diaz, R. A., Dietel, T., Ding, Y., Divià, R., Dixit, D. U., Djuvsland, Ø., Dmitrieva, U., Dobrin, A., Dönigus, B., Dubinski, J. M., Dubla, A., Dudi, S., Dupieux, P., Durkac, M., Dzalaiova, N., Eder, T. M., Ehlers, R. J., Eikeland, V. N., Eisenhut, F., Elia, D., Erazmus, B., Ercolessi, F., Erhardt, F., Ersdal, M. R., Espagnon, B., Eulisse, G., Evans, D., Evdokimov, S., Fabbietti, L., Faggin, M., Faivre, J., Fan, F., Fan, W., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fecchio, P., Feliciello, A., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferrandi, L., Ferrer, M. B., Ferrero, A., Ferrero, C., Ferretti, A., Feuillard, V. J. G., Filova, V., Finogeev, D., Fionda, F. M., Flor, F., Flores, A. 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K., Malinina, L., Mal’Kevich, D., Mallick, D., Mallick, N., Mandaglio, G., Manko, V., Manso, F., Manzari, V., Mao, Y., Margagliotti, G. V., Margotti, A., Marín, A., Markert, C., Martinengo, P., Martinez, J. L., Martínez, M. I., Martínez García, G., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Mastroserio, A., Matonoha, O., Matuoka, P. F. T., Matyja, A., Mayer, C., Mazer, J., Mazuecos, A. L., Mazzaschi, F., Mazzilli, M., Mdhluli, J. E., Mechler, A. F., Melikyan, Y., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meninno, E., Menon, A. S., Meres, M., Mhlanga, S., Miake, Y., Micheletti, L., Migliorin, L. C., Mihaylov, D. L., Mikhaylov, K., Mishra, A. N., Miśkowiec, D., Modak, A., Mohanty, A. P., Mohanty, B., Mohisin Khan, M., Molander, M. A., Moravcova, Z., Mordasini, C., Moreira De Godoy, D. A., Morozov, I., Morsch, A., Mrnjavac, T., Muccifora, V., Muhuri, S., Mulligan, J. D., Mulliri, A., Munhoz, M. G., Munzer, R. H., Murakami, H., Murray, S., Musa, L., Musinsky, J., Myrcha, J. W., Naik, B., Nambrath, A. I., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Nassirpour, A. F., Nath, A., Nattrass, C., Nayak, T. K., Naydenov, M. N., Neagu, A., Negru, A., Nellen, L., Nesbo, S. V., Neskovic, G., Nesterov, D., Nielsen, B. S., Nielsen, E. G., Nikolaev, S., Nikulin, S., Nikulin, V., Noferini, F., Noh, S., Nomokonov, P., Norman, J., Novitzky, N., Nowakowski, P., Nyanin, A., Nystrand, J., Ogino, M., Ohlson, A., Okorokov, V. A., Oleniacz, J., Oliveira Da Silva, A. C., Oliver, M. H., Onnerstad, A., Oppedisano, C., Ortiz Velasquez, A., Otwinowski, J., Oya, M., Oyama, K., Pachmayer, Y., Padhan, S., Pagano, D., Paić, G., Paisano-Guzmán, S., Palasciano, A., Palmeri, A., Panebianco, S., Pappalardo, G. S., Park, H., Park, H., Park, J., Parkkila, J. E., Patra, R. N., Paul, B., Pei, H., Peitzmann, T., Peng, X., Pennisi, M., Pereira, L. G., Pereira Da Costa, H., Peresunko, D., Perez, G. M., Perrin, S., Pestov, Y., Petráček, V., Petrov, V., Petrovici, M., Pezzi, R. 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S., Romanenko, G., Ronchetti, F., Rosano, A., Rosas, E. D., Rossi, A., Roy, A., Roy, S., Rubini, N., Ruggiano, D., Rui, R., Rumyantsev, B., Russek, P. G., Russo, R., Rustamov, A., Ryabinkin, E., Ryabov, Y., Rybicki, A., Rytkonen, H., Rzesa, W., Saarimaki, O. A. M., Sadek, R., Sadhu, S., Sadovsky, S., Saetre, J., Šafařík, K., Saha, S. K., Saha, S., Sahoo, B., Sahoo, R., Sahoo, S., Sahu, D., Sahu, P. K., Saini, J., Sajdakova, K., Sakai, S., Salvan, M. P., Sambyal, S., Sanna, I., Saramela, T. B., Sarkar, D., Sarkar, N., Sarma, P., Sarritzu, V., Sarti, V. M., Sas, M. H. P., Schambach, J., Scheid, H. S., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schmah, A., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, H. R., Schmidt, M. O., Schmidt, M., Schmidt, N. V., Schmier, A. R., Schotter, R., Schröter, A., Schukraft, J., Schwarz, K., Schweda, K., Scioli, G., Scomparin, E., Seger, J. E., Sekiguchi, Y., Sekihata, D., Selyuzhenkov, I., Senyukov, S., Seo, J. J., Serebryakov, D., Šerkšnytė, L., Sevcenco, A., Shaba, T. 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H., Yuan, S., Yuncu, A., Zaccolo, V., Zampolli, C., Zanone, F., Zardoshti, N., Zarochentsev, A., Závada, P., Zaviyalov, N., Zhalov, M., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, M., Zherebchevskii, V., Zhi, Y., Zhou, D., Zhou, Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zugravel, S. C., and Zurlo, N.

Published
2024
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39. Internal capsule microstructure mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and PTSD following adulthood trauma exposure.

Author

Wong, Samantha, Lebois, Lauren, Ely, Timothy, van Rooij, Sanne, Bruce, Steven, Murty, Vishnu, Jovanovic, Tanja, House, Stacey, Beaudoin, Francesca, An, Xinming, Zeng, Donglin, Neylan, Thomas, Clifford, Gari, Linnstaedt, Sarah, Germine, Laura, Bollen, Kenneth, Rauch, Scott, Haran, John, Storrow, Alan, Lewandowski, Christopher, Musey, Paul, Hendry, Phyllis, Sheikh, Sophia, Jones, Christopher, Punches, Brittany, Kurz, Michael, Swor, Robert, Hudak, Lauren, Pascual, Jose, Seamon, Mark, Pearson, Claire, Peak, David, Merchant, Roland, Domeier, Robert, Rathlev, Niels, ONeil, Brian, Sergot, Paulina, Sanchez, Leon, Miller, Mark, Pietrzak, Robert, Joormann, Jutta, Barch, Deanna, Pizzagalli, Diego, Harte, Steven, Elliott, James, Kessler, Ronald, Koenen, Karestan, McLean, Samuel, Ressler, Kerry, Stevens, Jennifer, and Harnett, Nathaniel

Subjects
Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Male, Female, Adult, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, White Matter, Internal Capsule, Child Abuse, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Middle Aged, Anisotropy, Brain, Depression, Anxiety, Self Report, Young Adult
Abstract

Childhood trauma is a known risk factor for trauma and stress-related disorders in adulthood. However, limited research has investigated the impact of childhood trauma on brain structure linked to later posttraumatic dysfunction. We investigated the effect of childhood trauma on white matter microstructure after recent trauma and its relationship with future posttraumatic dysfunction among trauma-exposed adult participants (n = 202) recruited from emergency departments as part of the AURORA Study. Participants completed self-report scales assessing prior childhood maltreatment within 2-weeks in addition to assessments of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and dissociation symptoms within 6-months of their traumatic event. Fractional anisotropy (FA) obtained from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) collected at 2-weeks and 6-months was used to index white matter microstructure. Childhood maltreatment load predicted 6-month PTSD symptoms (b = 1.75, SE = 0.78, 95% CI = [0.20, 3.29]) and inversely varied with FA in the bilateral internal capsule (IC) at 2-weeks (p = 0.0294, FDR corrected) and 6-months (p = 0.0238, FDR corrected). We observed a significant indirect effect of childhood maltreatment load on 6-month PTSD symptoms through 2-week IC microstructure (b = 0.37, Boot SE = 0.18, 95% CI = [0.05, 0.76]) that fully mediated the effect of childhood maltreatment load on PCL-5 scores (b = 1.37, SE = 0.79, 95% CI = [-0.18, 2.93]). IC microstructure did not mediate relationships between childhood maltreatment and depressive, anxiety, or dissociative symptomatology. Our findings suggest a unique role for IC microstructure as a stable neural pathway between childhood trauma and future PTSD symptoms following recent trauma. Notably, our work did not support roles of white matter tracts previously found to vary with PTSD symptoms and childhood trauma exposure, including the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, and corpus callosum. Given the IC contains sensory fibers linked to perception and motor control, childhood maltreatment might impact the neural circuits that relay and process threat-related inputs and responses to trauma.

Published
2023

40. Fear extinction is regulated by the activity of long noncoding RNAs at the synapse.

Author

Liau, Wei-Siang, Zhao, Qiongyi, Bademosi, Adekunle, Gormal, Rachel, Gong, Hao, Marshall, Paul, Periyakaruppiah, Ambika, Madugalle, Sachithrani, Zajaczkowski, Esmi, Leighton, Laura, Ren, Haobin, Musgrove, Mason, Davies, Joshua, Rauch, Simone, He, Chuan, Dickinson, Bryan, Li, Xiang, Wei, Wei, Meunier, Frédéric, Fernández-Moya, Sandra, Kiebler, Michael, Srinivasan, Balakumar, Banerjee, Sourav, Clark, Michael, Bredy, Timothy, and Spitale, Robert

Subjects
Mice, Male, Animals, Fear, RNA, Long Noncoding, Extinction, Psychological, Prefrontal Cortex, Synapses
Abstract

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a multidimensional class of regulatory molecules that are involved in many aspects of brain function. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs are localized to the synapse; however, a direct role for their activity in this subcellular compartment in memory formation has yet to be demonstrated. Using lncRNA capture-seq, we identified a specific set of lncRNAs that accumulate in the synaptic compartment within the infralimbic prefrontal cortex of adult male C57/Bl6 mice. Among these was a splice variant related to the stress-associated lncRNA, Gas5. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry and single-molecule imaging revealed that this Gas5 isoform, in association with the RNA binding proteins G3BP2 and CAPRIN1, regulates the activity-dependent trafficking and clustering of RNA granules. In addition, we found that cell-type-specific, activity-dependent, and synapse-specific knockdown of the Gas5 variant led to impaired fear extinction memory. These findings identify a new mechanism of fear extinction that involves the dynamic interaction between local lncRNA activity and RNA condensates in the synaptic compartment.

Published
2023

41. Association between microbiome and the development of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic stress exposure.

Author

Zeamer, Abigail, Salive, Marie-Claire, An, Xinming, Beaudoin, Francesca, House, Stacey, Stevens, Jennifer, Zeng, Donglin, Neylan, Thomas, Clifford, Gari, Linnstaedt, Sarah, Rauch, Scott, Storrow, Alan, Lewandowski, Christopher, Musey, Paul, Hendry, Phyllis, Sheikh, Sophia, Jones, Christopher, Punches, Brittany, Swor, Robert, Hudak, Lauren, Pascual, Jose, Seamon, Mark, Harris, Erica, Pearson, Claire, Peak, David, Merchant, Roland, Domeier, Robert, Rathlev, Niels, ONeil, Brian, Sergot, Paulina, Sanchez, Leon, Bruce, Steven, Kessler, Ronald, Koenen, Karestan, McLean, Samuel, Bucci, Vanni, and Haran, John

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Microbiota, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Feces, Biological Availability
Abstract

Patients exposed to trauma often experience high rates of adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae (APNS). The biological mechanisms promoting APNS are currently unknown, but the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers an avenue to understanding mechanisms as well as possibilities for intervention. Microbiome composition after trauma exposure has been poorly examined regarding neuropsychiatric outcomes. We aimed to determine whether the gut microbiomes of trauma-exposed emergency department patients who develop APNS have dysfunctional gut microbiome profiles and discover potential associated mechanisms. We performed metagenomic analysis on stool samples (n = 51) from a subset of adults enrolled in the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA (AURORA) study. Two-, eight- and twelve-week post-trauma outcomes for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD checklist for DSM-5), normalized depression scores (PROMIS Depression Short Form 8b) and somatic symptom counts were collected. Generalized linear models were created for each outcome using microbial abundances and relevant demographics. Mixed-effect random forest machine learning models were used to identify associations between APNS outcomes and microbial features and encoded metabolic pathways from stool metagenomics. Microbial species, including Flavonifractor plautii, Ruminococcus gnavus and, Bifidobacterium species, which are prevalent commensal gut microbes, were found to be important in predicting worse APNS outcomes from microbial abundance data. Notably, through APNS outcome modeling using microbial metabolic pathways, worse APNS outcomes were highly predicted by decreased L-arginine related pathway genes and increased citrulline and ornithine pathways. Common commensal microbial species are enriched in individuals who develop APNS. More notably, we identified a biological mechanism through which the gut microbiome reduces global arginine bioavailability, a metabolic change that has also been demonstrated in the plasma of patients with PTSD.

Published
2023

42. Prenatal and childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides and functional brain imaging in young adults

Author

Sagiv, Sharon K, Baker, Joseph M, Rauch, Stephen, Gao, Yuanyuan, Gunier, Robert B, Mora, Ana M, Kogut, Katherine, Bradman, Asa, Eskenazi, Brenda, and Reiss, Allan L

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Neurological, Toxicology, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Environmental sciences
Published
2023

43. Synapse-Enriched m6A-Modified Malat1 Interacts with the Novel m6A Reader, DPYSL2, and Is Required for Fear-Extinction Memory.

Author

Madugalle, Sachithrani, Liau, Wei-Siang, Zhao, Qiongyi, Li, Xiang, Gong, Hao, Marshall, Paul, Periyakaruppiah, Ambika, Zajaczkowski, Esmi, Leighton, Laura, Ren, Haobin, Musgrove, Mason, Davies, Joshua, Kim, Gwangmin, Rauch, Simone, He, Chuan, Dickinson, Bryan, Fulopova, Barbora, Fletcher, Lee, Williams, Stephen, Bredy, Timothy, and Spitale, Robert

Subjects
RNA m6A, epitranscriptomic, long noncoding RNA, m6A reader, memory, synapse, Animals, Male, Mice, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Learning, RNA, Long Noncoding, Synapses
Abstract

The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates the interaction between RNA and various RNA binding proteins within the nucleus and other subcellular compartments and has recently been shown to be involved in experience-dependent plasticity, learning, and memory. Using m6A RNA-sequencing, we have discovered a distinct population of learning-related m6A- modified RNAs at the synapse, which includes the long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1). RNA immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry revealed 12 new synapse-specific learning-induced m6A readers in the mPFC of male C57/BL6 mice, with m6A-modified Malat1 binding to a subset of these, including CYFIP2 and DPYSL2. In addition, a cell type- and synapse-specific, and state-dependent, reduction of m6A on Malat1 impairs fear-extinction memory; an effect that likely occurs through a disruption in the interaction between Malat1 and DPYSL2 and an associated decrease in dendritic spine formation. These findings highlight the critical role of m6A in regulating the functional state of RNA during the consolidation of fear-extinction memory, and expand the repertoire of experience-dependent m6A readers in the synaptic compartment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have discovered that learning-induced m6A-modified RNA (including the long noncoding RNA, Malat1) accumulates in the synaptic compartment. We have identified several new m6A readers that are associated with fear extinction learning and demonstrate a causal relationship between m6A-modified Malat1 and the formation of fear-extinction memory. These findings highlight the role of m6A in regulating the functional state of an RNA during memory formation and expand the repertoire of experience-dependent m6A readers in the synaptic compartment.

Published
2023

44. Recommendations for High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Assessment of Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Strength in Pediatric Populations.

Author

Gabel, L, Kent, K, Hosseinitabatabaei, S, Leonard, M, Rauch, F, Willie, B, and Burghardt, Andrew

Subjects
Bone, HR-pQCT, Imaging, Pediatric, Adolescent, Humans, Child, Bone Density, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Bone and Bones, Radius
Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize current approaches and provide recommendations for imaging bone in pediatric populations using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). RECENT FINDINGS: Imaging the growing skeleton is challenging and HR-pQCT protocols are not standardized across centers. Adopting a single-imaging protocol for all studies is unrealistic; thus, we present three established protocols for HR-pQCT imaging in children and adolescents and share advantages and disadvantages of each. Limiting protocol variation will enhance the uniformity of results and increase our ability to compare study results between different research groups. We outline special cases along with tips and tricks for acquiring and processing scans to minimize motion artifacts and account for growing bone. The recommendations in this review are intended to help researchers perform HR-pQCT imaging in pediatric populations and extend our collective knowledge of bone structure, architecture, and strength during the growing years.

Published
2023

45. Azimuthal anisotropy of jet particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{{\textrm{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV

Author

The ALICE collaboration, S. Acharya, D. Adamová, A. Adler, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, I. Ahuja, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, A. Alici, N. Alizadehvandchali, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, I. Altsybeev, J. R. Alvarado, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, M. Aresti, R. Arnaldi, J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, J. Bae, Y. W. Baek, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, Y. Bailung, A. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, B. Balis, D. Banerjee, Z. Banoo, R. Barbera, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, L. Barreto, C. Bartels, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Beattie, P. Becht, D. Behera, I. Belikov, A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, M. G. Besoiu, L. Betev, P. P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, M. A. Bhat, B. Bhattacharjee, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Biernat, A. P. Bigot, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, S. Biswas, N. Bize, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, M. B. Blidaru, N. Bluhme, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, T. Bodova, A. Bogdanov, S. Boi, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, M. Bombara, P. M. Bond, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, A. G. Borquez Carcamo, H. Bossi, E. Botta, Y. E. M. Bouziani, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, Z. Buthelezi, S. A. Bysiak, M. Cai, H. Caines, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, J. M. M. Camacho, P. Camerini, F. D. M. Canedo, S. L. Cantway, M. Carabas, A. A. Carballo, F. Carnesecchi, R. Caron, L. A. D. Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, I. Chakaberia, P. Chakraborty, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheynis, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, E. S. Chizzali, J. Cho, S. Cho, P. Chochula, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalo, F. Cindolo, M. R. Ciupek, G. Clai, F. Colamaria, J. S. Colburn, D. Colella, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contreras, M. L. Coquet, T. M. Cormier, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, C. Cot, J. Crkovská, P. Crochet, R. Cruz-Torres, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, A. Dainese, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, P. Das, S. Das, A. R. Dash, S. Dash, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, C. De Martin, S. De Pasquale, R. Deb, S. Deb, R. J. Debski, K. R. Deja, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, W. Deng, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, R. A. Diaz, T. Dietel, Y. Ding, R. Divià, D. U. Dixit, Ø. Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, J. M. Dubinski, A. Dubla, S. Dudi, P. Dupieux, M. Durkac, N. Dzalaiova, T. M. Eder, R. J. Ehlers, V. N. Eikeland, F. Eisenhut, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, F. Erhardt, M. R. Ersdal, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, W. Fan, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, P. Fecchio, A. Feliciello, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, L. Ferrandi, M. B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, V. J. G. Feuillard, V. Filova, D. Finogeev, F. M. Fionda, F. Flor, A. N. Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, E. Fragiacomo, E. Frajna, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J. J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A. M. Gago, C. D. Galvan, D. R. Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, T. García Chávez, E. Garcia-Solis, K. Garg, C. Gargiulo, K. Garner, P. Gasik, A. Gautam, M. B. Gay Ducati, M. Germain, A. Ghimouz, C. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, A. M. C. Glaenzer, P. Glässel, E. Glimos, D. J. Q. Goh, V. Gonzalez, L. H. González-Trueba, M. Gorgon, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L. K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, F. Grosa, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, G. G. Guardiano, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, K. Gulbrandsen, T. Gündem, T. Gunji, W. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, L. Gyulai, M. K. Habib, C. Hadjidakis, F. U. Haider, H. Hamagaki, A. Hamdi, M. Hamid, Y. Han, R. Hannigan, M. R. Haque, J. W. Harris, A. Harton, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L. B. Havener, S. T. Heckel, E. Hellbär, H. Helstrup, M. Hemmer, T. Herman, G. Herrera Corral, F. Herrmann, S. Herrmann, K. F. Hetland, B. Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, C. Hills, B. Hippolyte, F. W. Hoffmann, B. Hofman, B. Hohlweger, G. H. Hong, M. Horst, A. Horzyk, Y. Hou, P. Hristov, C. Hughes, P. Huhn, L. M. Huhta, T. J. Humanic, A. Hutson, D. Hutter, J. P. Iddon, R. Ilkaev, H. Ilyas, M. Inaba, G. M. Innocenti, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, T. Isidori, M. S. Islam, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, M. Jablonski, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, L. Jaffe, C. Jahnke, M. J. Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, T. Janson, M. Jercic, S. Jia, A. A. P. Jimenez, F. Jonas, J. M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, J. Kaewjai, P. Kalinak, A. S. Kalteyer, A. Kalweit, V. Kaplin, A. Karasu Uysal, D. Karatovic, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, P. Karczmarczyk, E. Karpechev, M. J. Karwowska, U. Kebschull, R. Keidel, D. L. D. Keijdener, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, M. B. Kidson, B. Kileng, B. Kim, C. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, K. Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J. P. Kitowski, J. L. Klay, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, M. Kleiner, T. Klemenz, A. Kluge, A. G. Knospe, C. Kobdaj, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, E. Kondratyuk, J. Konig, S. A. Konigstorfer, P. J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, S. D. Koryciak, A. Kotliarov, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Krcal, L. Kreis, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Kroesen, M. Krüger, D. M. Krupova, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, T. Kumaoka, D. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, A. Lakrathok, M. Lamanna, R. Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, H. Lee, G. Legras, J. Lehrbach, T. M. Lelek, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M. M. Lesch, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, I. Likmeta, B. Lim, S. H. Lim, V. Lindenstruth, A. Lindner, C. Lippmann, A. Liu, D. H. Liu, J. Liu, I. M. Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. Lokos, J. Lömker, P. Loncar, J. A. Lopez, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, P. Lu, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, Y. G. Ma, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, M. V. Makariev, M. Malaev, G. Malfattore, N. M. Malik, Q. W. Malik, S. K. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, D. Mallick, N. Mallick, G. Mandaglio, S. K. Mandal, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, A. Marín, C. Markert, P. Martinengo, J. L. Martinez, M. I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, A. Mastroserio, O. Matonoha, P. F. T. Matuoka, A. Matyja, C. Mayer, A. L. Mazuecos, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, J. E. Mdhluli, A. F. Mechler, Y. Melikyan, A. Menchaca-Rocha, E. Meninno, A. S. Menon, M. Meres, S. Mhlanga, Y. Miake, L. Micheletti, L. C. Migliorin, D. L. Mihaylov, K. Mikhaylov, A. N. Mishra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, A. P. Mohanty, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin Khan, M. A. Molander, Z. Moravcova, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, I. Morozov, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, S. Muhuri, J. D. Mulligan, A. Mulliri, M. G. Munhoz, R. H. Munzer, H. Murakami, S. Murray, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, J. W. Myrcha, B. Naik, A. I. Nambrath, B. K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, A. F. Nassirpour, A. Nath, C. Nattrass, M. N. Naydenov, A. Neagu, A. Negru, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, B. S. Nielsen, E. G. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, S. Noh, P. Nomokonov, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, V. A. Okorokov, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, A. Onnerstad, C. Oppedisano, A. Ortiz Velasquez, J. Otwinowski, M. Oya, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, S. Padhan, D. Pagano, G. Paić, S. Paisano-Guzmán, A. Palasciano, S. Panebianco, H. Park, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, R. N. Patra, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, M. Pennisi, L. G. Pereira, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, S. Perrin, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, V. Petrov, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, M. Płoskoń, M. Planinic, F. Pliquett, M. G. Poghosyan, B. Polichtchouk, S. Politano, N. Poljak, A. Pop, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, V. Pozdniakov, K. K. Pradhan, S. K. Prasad, S. Prasad, R. Preghenella, F. Prino, C. A. Pruneau, I. Pshenichnov, M. Puccio, S. Pucillo, Z. Pugelova, S. Qiu, L. Quaglia, R. E. Quishpe, S. Ragoni, A. Rakotozafindrabe, L. Ramello, F. Rami, T. A. Rancien, M. Rasa, S. S. Räsänen, R. Rath, M. P. Rauch, I. Ravasenga, K. F. Read, C. Reckziegel, A. R. Redelbach, K. Redlich, C. A. Reetz, H. D. Regules-Medel, A. Rehman, F. Reidt, H. A. Reme-Ness, Z. Rescakova, K. Reygers, A. Riabov, V. Riabov, R. Ricci, M. Richter, A. A. Riedel, W. Riegler, C. Ristea, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, S. A. Rodríguez Ramírez, K. Røed, R. Rogalev, E. Rogochaya, T. S. Rogoschinski, D. Rohr, D. Röhrich, P. F. Rojas, S. Rojas Torres, P. S. Rokita, G. Romanenko, F. Ronchetti, A. Rosano, E. D. Rosas, K. Roslon, A. Rossi, A. Roy, S. Roy, N. Rubini, D. Ruggiano, R. Rui, B. Rumyantsev, P. G. Russek, R. Russo, A. Rustamov, E. Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, A. Rybicki, H. Rytkonen, W. Rzesa, O. A. M. Saarimaki, R. Sadek, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, J. Saetre, K. Šafařík, S. K. Saha, S. Saha, B. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, S. Sahoo, D. Sahu, P. K. Sahu, J. Saini, K. Sajdakova, S. Sakai, M. P. Salvan, S. Sambyal, I. Sanna, T. B. Saramela, D. Sarkar, N. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. Sarritzu, V. M. Sarti, M. H. P. Sas, J. Schambach, H. S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, H. R. Schmidt, M. O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N. V. Schmidt, A. R. Schmier, R. Schotter, A. Schröter, J. Schukraft, K. Schwarz, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, J. E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, J. J. Seo, D. Serebryakov, L. Šerkšnytė, A. Sevcenco, T. J. Shaba, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, A. Shangaraev, A. Sharma, B. Sharma, D. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, S. Sharma, U. Sharma, A. Shatat, O. Sheibani, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, J. Shin, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, T. F. Silva, D. Silvermyr, T. Simantathammakul, R. Simeonov, B. Singh, R. Singh, S. Singh, V. K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T. B. Skaali, G. Skorodumovs, M. Slupecki, N. Smirnov, R. J. M. Snellings, E. H. Solheim, J. Song, A. Songmoolnak, F. Soramel, R. Spijkers, I. Sputowska, J. Staa, J. Stachel, I. Stan, P. J. Steffanic, S. F. Stiefelmaier, D. Stocco, I. Storehaug, P. Stratmann, S. Strazzi, C. P. Stylianidis, A. A. P. Suaide, C. Suire, M. Sukhanov, M. Suljic, R. Sultanov, V. Sumberia, S. Sumowidagdo, S. Swain, I. Szarka, M. Szymkowski, S. F. Taghavi, G. Taillepied, J. Takahashi, G. J. Tambave, S. Tang, Z. Tang, J. D. Tapia Takaki, N. Tapus, L. A. Tarasovicova, M. G. Tarzila, G. F. Tassielli, A. Tauro, G. Tejeda Muñoz, A. Telesca, L. Terlizzi, C. Terrevoli, G. Tersimonov, S. Thakur, D. Thomas, A. Tikhonov, A. R. Timmins, M. Tkacik, T. Tkacik, A. Toia, R. Tokumoto, N. Topilskaya, M. Toppi, F. Torales-Acosta, T. Tork, A. G. Torres Ramos, A. Trifiró, A. S. Triolo, S. Tripathy, T. Tripathy, S. Trogolo, V. Trubnikov, W. H. Trzaska, T. P. Trzcinski, A. Tumkin, R. Turrisi, T. S. Tveter, K. Ullaland, B. Ulukutlu, A. Uras, M. Urioni, G. L. Usai, M. Vala, N. Valle, L. V. R. van Doremalen, C. Van Hulse, M. van Leeuwen, C. A. van Veen, R. J. G. van Weelden, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, Z. Varga, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, O. Vazquez Rueda, V. Vechernin, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vértesi, M. Verweij, L. Vickovic, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, A. Villani, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, M. M. O. Virta, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, N. Vozniuk, J. Vrláková, C. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, A. Wegrzynek, F. T. Weiglhofer, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, B. Windelband, M. Winn, J. R. Wright, W. Wu, Y. Wu, R. Xu, A. Yadav, A. K. Yadav, S. Yalcin, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Zaccolo, C. Zampolli, F. Zanone, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, M. Zhalov, B. Zhang, L. Zhang, M. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, Y. Zhi, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, S. C. Zugravel, and N. Zurlo

Subjects
Heavy Ion Experiments, Jets, Particle Correlations and Fluctuations, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The azimuthal anisotropy of particles associated with jets (jet particles) at midrapidity is measured for the first time in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at s NN $$ \sqrt{{\textrm{s}}_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV down to transverse momentum (p T) of 0.5 GeV/c and 2 GeV/c, respectively, with ALICE. The results obtained in p-Pb collisions are based on a novel three-particle correlation technique. The azimuthal anisotropy coefficient v 2 in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions is positive, with a significance reaching 6.8σ at low p T, and its magnitude is smaller than in semicentral Pb-Pb collisions. In contrast to the measurements in Pb-Pb collisions, the v 2 coefficient is also found independent of p T within uncertainties. Comparisons with the inclusive charged-particle v 2 and with AMPT calculations are discussed. The predictions suggest that parton interactions play an important role in generating a non-zero jet-particle v 2 in p-Pb collisions, even though they overestimate the reported measurement. These observations shed new insights on the understanding of the origin of the collective behaviour of jet particles in small systems such as p-Pb collisions, and provide significant stringent new constraints to models.

Published
2024
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46. Monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer using circulating tumor DNA

Author

Jennifer H. Chen, Sridevi Addanki, Dhruvajyoti Roy, Roland Bassett, Ekaterina Kalashnikova, Erik Spickard, Henry M. Kuerer, Salyna Meas, Vanessa N. Sarli, Anil Korkut, Jason B. White, Gaiane M. Rauch, Debu Tripathy, Banu K. Arun, Carlos H. Barcenas, Clinton Yam, Himanshu Sethi, Angel A. Rodriguez, Minetta C. Liu, Stacy L. Moulder, and Anthony Lucci

Subjects
Liquid biopsy, ctDNA, CTC, Triple negative breast cancer, Liquid biopsy in neoadjuvant setting, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. We aimed to determine whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC) could predict response and long-term outcomes to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods Patients with TNBC were enrolled between 2017–2021 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Serial plasma samples were collected at four timepoints: pre-NAC (baseline), 12-weeks after NAC (mid-NAC), after NAC/prior to surgery (post-NAC), and one-year after surgery. ctDNA was quantified using a tumor-informed ctDNA assay (SignateraTM, Natera, Inc.) and CTC enumeration using CellSearch. Wilcoxon and Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparisons between groups and Kaplan–Meier analysis used for survival outcomes. Results In total, 37 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 50 and majority of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (34, 91.9%) with clinical T2, (25, 67.6%) node-negative disease (21, 56.8%). Baseline ctDNA was detected in 90% (27/30) of patients, of whom 70.4% (19/27) achieved ctDNA clearance by mid-NAC. ctDNA clearance at mid-NAC was significantly associated with pathologic complete response (p = 0.02), whereas CTC clearance was not (p = 0.52). There were no differences in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) with positive baseline ctDNA and CTC. However, positive ctDNA at mid-NAC was significantly associated with worse OS and RFS (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0034, respectively). Conclusions Early clearance of ctDNA served as a predictive and prognostic marker in TNBC. Personalized ctDNA monitoring during NAC may help predict response and guide treatment.

Published
2024
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47. The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD

Author

ALICE Collaboration, S. Acharya, D. Adamová, A. Adler, G. Aglieri Rinella, M. Agnello, N. Agrawal, Z. Ahammed, S. Ahmad, S. U. Ahn, I. Ahuja, A. Akindinov, M. Al-Turany, D. Aleksandrov, B. Alessandro, H. M. Alfanda, R. Alfaro Molina, B. Ali, A. Alici, N. Alizadehvandchali, A. Alkin, J. Alme, G. Alocco, T. Alt, I. Altsybeev, J. R. Alvarado, M. N. Anaam, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, V. Anguelov, F. Antinori, P. Antonioli, N. Apadula, L. Aphecetche, H. Appelshäuser, C. Arata, S. Arcelli, M. Aresti, R. Arnaldi, I. C. Arsene, M. Arslandok, A. Augustinus, R. Averbeck, M. D. Azmi, A. Badalà, J. Bae, Y. W. Baek, X. Bai, R. Bailhache, Y. Bailung, R. Bala, A. Balbino, A. Baldisseri, B. Balis, D. Banerjee, Z. Banoo, R. Barbera, F. Barile, L. Barioglio, M. Barlou, G. G. Barnaföldi, L. S. Barnby, V. Barret, L. Barreto, C. Bartels, K. Barth, E. Bartsch, N. Bastid, S. Basu, G. Batigne, D. Battistini, B. Batyunya, D. Bauri, J. L. Bazo Alba, I. G. Bearden, C. Beattie, P. Becht, D. Behera, I. Belikov, A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria, F. Bellini, R. Bellwied, S. Belokurova, V. Belyaev, G. Bencedi, S. Beole, A. Bercuci, Y. Berdnikov, A. Berdnikova, L. Bergmann, M. G. Besoiu, L. Betev, P. P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, M. A. Bhat, B. Bhattacharjee, L. Bianchi, N. Bianchi, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, J. Biernat, A. P. Bigot, A. Bilandzic, G. Biro, S. Biswas, N. Bize, J. T. Blair, D. Blau, M. B. Blidaru, N. Bluhme, C. Blume, G. Boca, F. Bock, T. Bodova, A. Bogdanov, S. Boi, J. Bok, L. Boldizsár, A. Bolozdynya, M. Bombara, P. M. Bond, G. Bonomi, H. Borel, A. Borissov, A. G. Borquez Carcamo, H. Bossi, E. Botta, Y. E. M. Bouziani, L. Bratrud, P. Braun-Munzinger, M. Bregant, M. Broz, G. E. Bruno, M. D. Buckland, D. Budnikov, H. Buesching, S. Bufalino, O. Bugnon, P. Buhler, Z. Buthelezi, S. A. Bysiak, M. Cai, H. Caines, A. Caliva, E. Calvo Villar, J. M. M. Camacho, P. Camerini, F. D. M. Canedo, S. L. Cantway, M. Carabas, A. A. Carballo, F. Carnesecchi, R. Caron, L. A. D. Carvalho, J. Castillo Castellanos, A. J. Castro, F. Catalano, C. Ceballos Sanchez, I. Chakaberia, P. Chakraborty, S. Chandra, S. Chapeland, M. Chartier, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Cheng, C. Cheshkov, B. Cheynis, V. Chibante Barroso, D. D. Chinellato, E. S. Chizzali, J. Cho, S. Cho, P. Chochula, P. Christakoglou, C. H. Christensen, P. Christiansen, T. Chujo, M. Ciacco, C. Cicalo, F. Cindolo, M. R. Ciupek, G. Clai, F. Colamaria, J. S. Colburn, D. Colella, M. Colocci, M. Concas, G. Conesa Balbastre, Z. Conesa del Valle, G. Contin, J. G. Contreras, M. L. Coquet, T. M. Cormier, P. Cortese, M. R. Cosentino, F. Costa, S. Costanza, C. Cot, J. Crkovská, P. Crochet, R. Cruz-Torres, E. Cuautle, P. Cui, A. Dainese, F. P. A. Damas, M. C. Danisch, A. Danu, D. Das, P. Das, S. Das, A. R. Dash, S. Dash, A. De Caro, G. de Cataldo, J. de Cuveland, A. De Falco, D. De Gruttola, N. De Marco, C. De Martin, S. De Pasquale, S. Deb, R. J. Debski, K. R. Deja, R. Del Grande, L. Dello Stritto, W. Deng, P. Dhankher, D. Di Bari, A. Di Mauro, B. Diab, R. A. Diaz, T. Dietel, Y. Ding, R. Divià, D. U. Dixit, Ø. Djuvsland, U. Dmitrieva, A. Dobrin, B. Dönigus, J. M. Dubinski, A. Dubla, S. Dudi, P. Dupieux, M. Durkac, N. Dzalaiova, T. M. Eder, R. J. Ehlers, V. N. Eikeland, F. Eisenhut, D. Elia, B. Erazmus, F. Ercolessi, F. Erhardt, M. R. Ersdal, B. Espagnon, G. Eulisse, D. Evans, S. Evdokimov, L. Fabbietti, M. Faggin, J. Faivre, F. Fan, W. Fan, A. Fantoni, M. Fasel, P. Fecchio, A. Feliciello, G. Feofilov, A. Fernández Téllez, L. Ferrandi, M. B. Ferrer, A. Ferrero, C. Ferrero, A. Ferretti, V. J. G. Feuillard, V. Filova, D. Finogeev, F. M. Fionda, F. Flor, A. N. Flores, S. Foertsch, I. Fokin, S. Fokin, E. Fragiacomo, E. Frajna, U. Fuchs, N. Funicello, C. Furget, A. Furs, T. Fusayasu, J. J. Gaardhøje, M. Gagliardi, A. M. Gago, M. Gallio, C. D. Galvan, D. R. Gangadharan, P. Ganoti, C. Garabatos, T. García Chávez, E. Garcia-Solis, K. Garg, C. Gargiulo, K. Garner, P. Gasik, E. F. Gauger, A. Gautam, M. B. Gay Ducati, M. Germain, C. Ghosh, M. Giacalone, P. Giubellino, P. Giubilato, A. M. C. Glaenzer, P. Glässel, E. Glimos, D. J. Q. Goh, V. Gonzalez, L. H. González-Trueba, M. Gorgon, S. Gotovac, V. Grabski, L. K. Graczykowski, E. Grecka, A. Grelli, C. Grigoras, V. Grigoriev, S. Grigoryan, F. Grosa, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, R. Grosso, D. Grund, G. G. Guardiano, R. Guernane, M. Guilbaud, K. Gulbrandsen, T. Gündem, T. Gunji, W. Guo, A. Gupta, R. Gupta, L. Gyulai, M. K. Habib, C. Hadjidakis, F. U. Haider, H. Hamagaki, A. Hamdi, M. Hamid, Y. Han, R. Hannigan, M. R. Haque, J. W. Harris, A. Harton, H. Hassan, D. Hatzifotiadou, P. Hauer, L. B. Havener, S. T. Heckel, E. Hellbär, H. Helstrup, M. Hemmer, T. Herman, G. Herrera Corral, F. Herrmann, S. Herrmann, K. F. Hetland, B. Heybeck, H. Hillemanns, C. Hills, B. Hippolyte, B. Hofman, B. Hohlweger, G. H. Hong, M. Horst, A. Horzyk, R. Hosokawa, Y. Hou, P. Hristov, C. Hughes, P. Huhn, L. M. Huhta, T. J. Humanic, A. Hutson, D. Hutter, J. P. Iddon, R. Ilkaev, H. Ilyas, M. Inaba, G. M. Innocenti, M. Ippolitov, A. Isakov, T. Isidori, M. S. Islam, M. Ivanov, V. Ivanov, M. Jablonski, B. Jacak, N. Jacazio, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jadlovska, J. Jadlovsky, S. Jaelani, L. Jaffe, C. Jahnke, M. J. Jakubowska, M. A. Janik, T. Janson, M. Jercic, S. Jia, A. A. P. Jimenez, F. Jonas, J. M. Jowett, J. Jung, M. Jung, A. Junique, A. Jusko, J. Kaewjai, P. Kalinak, A. S. Kalteyer, A. Kalweit, V. Kaplin, A. Karasu Uysal, D. Karatovic, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, P. Karczmarczyk, E. Karpechev, M. J. Karwowska, U. Kebschull, R. Keidel, D. L. D. Keijdener, M. Keil, B. Ketzer, A. M. Khan, S. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, Y. Kharlov, A. Khatun, A. Khuntia, M. B. Kidson, B. Kileng, B. Kim, C. Kim, D. J. Kim, E. J. Kim, J. Kim, J. S. Kim, M. Kim, S. Kim, T. Kim, K. Kimura, S. Kirsch, I. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kisiel, J. P. Kitowski, J. L. Klay, J. Klein, S. Klein, C. Klein-Bösing, M. Kleiner, T. Klemenz, A. Kluge, A. G. Knospe, C. Kobdaj, T. Kollegger, A. Kondratyev, N. Kondratyeva, E. Kondratyuk, J. Konig, S. A. Konigstorfer, P. J. Konopka, G. Kornakov, M. Korwieser, S. D. Koryciak, A. Kotliarov, V. Kovalenko, M. Kowalski, V. Kozhuharov, I. Králik, A. Kravčáková, L. Kreis, M. Krivda, F. Krizek, K. Krizkova Gajdosova, M. Kroesen, M. Krüger, D. M. Krupova, E. Kryshen, V. Kučera, C. Kuhn, P. G. Kuijer, T. Kumaoka, D. Kumar, L. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar, S. Kundu, P. Kurashvili, A. Kurepin, A. B. Kurepin, A. Kuryakin, S. Kushpil, J. Kvapil, M. J. Kweon, J. Y. Kwon, Y. Kwon, S. L. La Pointe, P. La Rocca, Y. S. Lai, A. Lakrathok, M. Lamanna, R. Langoy, P. Larionov, E. Laudi, L. Lautner, R. Lavicka, T. Lazareva, R. Lea, H. Lee, G. Legras, J. Lehrbach, R. C. Lemmon, I. León Monzón, M. M. Lesch, E. D. Lesser, M. Lettrich, P. Lévai, X. Li, X. L. Li, J. Lien, R. Lietava, B. Lim, S. H. Lim, V. Lindenstruth, A. Lindner, C. Lippmann, A. Liu, D. H. Liu, J. Liu, I. M. Lofnes, C. Loizides, S. Lokos, J. Lömker, P. Loncar, J. A. Lopez, X. Lopez, E. López Torres, P. Lu, J. R. Luhder, M. Lunardon, G. Luparello, Y. G. Ma, A. Maevskaya, M. Mager, T. Mahmoud, A. Maire, R. D. Majka, M. V. Makariev, M. Malaev, G. Malfattore, N. M. Malik, Q. W. Malik, S. K. Malik, L. Malinina, D. Mal’Kevich, D. Mallick, N. Mallick, G. Mandaglio, V. Manko, F. Manso, V. Manzari, Y. Mao, G. V. Margagliotti, A. Margotti, A. Marín, C. Markert, P. Martinengo, J. L. Martinez, M. I. Martínez, G. Martínez García, S. Masciocchi, M. Masera, A. Masoni, L. Massacrier, A. Mastroserio, O. Matonoha, P. F. T. Matuoka, A. Matyja, C. Mayer, J. Mazer, A. L. Mazuecos, F. Mazzaschi, M. Mazzilli, J. E. Mdhluli, A. F. Mechler, Y. Melikyan, A. Menchaca-Rocha, E. Meninno, A. S. Menon, M. Meres, S. Mhlanga, Y. Miake, L. Micheletti, L. C. Migliorin, D. L. Mihaylov, K. Mikhaylov, A. N. Mishra, D. Miśkowiec, A. Modak, A. P. Mohanty, B. Mohanty, M. Mohisin Khan, M. A. Molander, Z. Moravcova, C. Mordasini, D. A. Moreira De Godoy, I. Morozov, A. Morsch, T. Mrnjavac, V. Muccifora, S. Muhuri, J. D. Mulligan, A. Mulliri, M. G. Munhoz, R. H. Munzer, H. Murakami, S. Murray, L. Musa, J. Musinsky, J. W. Myrcha, B. Naik, A. I. Nambrath, B. K. Nandi, R. Nania, E. Nappi, A. F. Nassirpour, A. Nath, C. Nattrass, T. K. Nayak, M. N. Naydenov, A. Neagu, A. Negru, L. Nellen, S. V. Nesbo, G. Neskovic, D. Nesterov, B. S. Nielsen, E. G. Nielsen, S. Nikolaev, S. Nikulin, V. Nikulin, F. Noferini, S. Noh, P. Nomokonov, J. Norman, N. Novitzky, P. Nowakowski, A. Nyanin, J. Nystrand, M. Ogino, A. Ohlson, V. A. Okorokov, J. Oleniacz, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva, M. H. Oliver, A. Onnerstad, C. Oppedisano, A. Ortiz Velasquez, J. Otwinowski, M. Oya, K. Oyama, Y. Pachmayer, S. Padhan, D. Pagano, G. Paić, S. Paisano-Guzmán, A. Palasciano, A. Palmeri, S. Panebianco, G. S. Pappalardo, H. Park, J. Park, J. E. Parkkila, R. N. Patra, B. Paul, H. Pei, T. Peitzmann, X. Peng, M. Pennisi, L. G. Pereira, H. Pereira Da Costa, D. Peresunko, G. M. Perez, S. Perrin, Y. Pestov, V. Petráček, V. Petrov, M. Petrovici, R. P. Pezzi, S. Piano, M. Pikna, P. Pillot, O. Pinazza, L. Pinsky, C. Pinto, S. Pisano, M. Płoskoń, M. Planinic, F. Pliquett, M. G. Poghosyan, B. Polichtchouk, S. Politano, N. Poljak, A. Pop, S. Porteboeuf-Houssais, V. Pozdniakov, K. K. Pradhan, S. K. Prasad, S. Prasad, R. Preghenella, F. Prino, C. A. Pruneau, I. Pshenichnov, M. Puccio, S. Pucillo, Z. Pugelova, S. Qiu, L. Quaglia, R. E. Quishpe, S. Ragoni, A. Rakotozafindrabe, L. Ramello, F. Rami, T. A. Rancien, M. Rasa, S. S. Räsänen, R. Rath, M. P. Rauch, I. Ravasenga, K. F. Read, C. Reckziegel, A. R. Redelbach, K. Redlich, C. A. Reetz, H. D. Regules-Medel, A. Rehman, F. Reidt, H. A. Reme-Ness, Z. Rescakova, K. Reygers, A. Riabov, V. Riabov, R. Ricci, M. Richter, A. A. Riedel, W. Riegler, F. Riggi, C. Ristea, M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi, S. A. Rodríguez Ramírez, K. Røed, R. Rogalev, E. Rogochaya, T. S. Rogoschinski, D. Rohr, D. Röhrich, P. F. Rojas, S. Rojas Torres, P. S. Rokita, G. Romanenko, F. Ronchetti, A. Rosano, E. D. Rosas, A. Rossi, A. Roy, S. Roy, N. Rubini, D. Ruggiano, R. Rui, B. Rumyantsev, P. G. Russek, R. Russo, A. Rustamov, E. Ryabinkin, Y. Ryabov, A. Rybicki, H. Rytkonen, W. Rzesa, O. A. M. Saarimaki, R. Sadek, S. Sadhu, S. Sadovsky, J. Saetre, K. Šafařík, S. K. Saha, S. Saha, B. Sahoo, R. Sahoo, S. Sahoo, D. Sahu, P. K. Sahu, J. Saini, K. Sajdakova, S. Sakai, M. P. Salvan, S. Sambyal, I. Sanna, T. B. Saramela, D. Sarkar, N. Sarkar, P. Sarma, V. Sarritzu, V. M. Sarti, M. H. P. Sas, J. Schambach, H. S. Scheid, C. Schiaua, R. Schicker, A. Schmah, C. Schmidt, H. R. Schmidt, M. O. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, N. V. Schmidt, A. R. Schmier, R. Schotter, A. Schröter, J. Schukraft, K. Schwarz, K. Schweda, G. Scioli, E. Scomparin, J. E. Seger, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sekihata, I. Selyuzhenkov, S. Senyukov, J. J. Seo, D. Serebryakov, L. Šerkšnytė, A. Sevcenco, T. J. Shaba, A. Shabetai, R. Shahoyan, A. Shangaraev, A. Sharma, B. Sharma, D. Sharma, H. Sharma, M. Sharma, S. Sharma, U. Sharma, A. Shatat, O. Sheibani, K. Shigaki, M. Shimomura, J. Shin, S. Shirinkin, Q. Shou, Y. Sibiriak, S. Siddhanta, T. Siemiarczuk, T. F. Silva, D. Silvermyr, T. Simantathammakul, R. Simeonov, B. Singh, R. Singh, S. Singh, V. K. Singh, V. Singhal, T. Sinha, B. Sitar, M. Sitta, T. B. Skaali, G. Skorodumovs, M. Slupecki, N. Smirnov, R. J. M. Snellings, E. H. Solheim, J. Song, A. Songmoolnak, F. Soramel, S. P. Sorensen, R. Spijkers, I. Sputowska, J. Staa, J. Stachel, I. Stan, P. J. Steffanic, S. F. Stiefelmaier, D. Stocco, I. Storehaug, P. Stratmann, S. Strazzi, C. P. Stylianidis, A. A. P. Suaide, C. Suire, M. Sukhanov, M. Suljic, R. Sultanov, V. Sumberia, S. Sumowidagdo, S. Swain, I. Szarka, S. F. Taghavi, G. Taillepied, J. Takahashi, G. J. Tambave, S. Tang, Z. Tang, J. D. Tapia Takaki, N. Tapus, L. A. Tarasovicova, M. G. Tarzila, G. F. Tassielli, A. Tauro, A. Tavira García, G. Tejeda Muñoz, A. Telesca, L. Terlizzi, C. Terrevoli, G. Tersimonov, S. Thakur, D. Thomas, A. Tikhonov, A. R. Timmins, M. Tkacik, T. Tkacik, A. Toia, R. Tokumoto, N. Topilskaya, M. Toppi, F. Torales-Acosta, T. Tork, A. G. Torres Ramos, A. Trifiró, A. S. Triolo, S. Tripathy, T. Tripathy, S. Trogolo, V. Trubnikov, W. H. Trzaska, T. P. Trzcinski, A. Tumkin, R. Turrisi, T. S. Tveter, K. Ullaland, B. Ulukutlu, A. Uras, M. Urioni, G. L. Usai, M. Vala, N. Valle, L. V. R. van Doremalen, C. Van Hulse, M. van Leeuwen, C. A. van Veen, R. J. G. van Weelden, P. Vande Vyvre, D. Varga, Z. Varga, M. Vasileiou, A. Vasiliev, O. Vázquez Doce, O. Vazquez Rueda, V. Vechernin, E. Vercellin, S. Vergara Limón, L. Vermunt, R. Vértesi, M. Verweij, L. Vickovic, Z. Vilakazi, O. Villalobos Baillie, G. Vino, A. Vinogradov, T. Virgili, V. Vislavicius, A. Vodopyanov, B. Volkel, M. A. Völkl, K. Voloshin, S. A. Voloshin, G. Volpe, B. von Haller, I. Vorobyev, N. Vozniuk, J. Vrláková, C. Wang, D. Wang, Y. Wang, M. Weber, A. Wegrzynek, F. T. Weiglhofer, S. C. Wenzel, J. P. Wessels, J. Wiechula, J. Wikne, G. Wilk, J. Wilkinson, G. A. Willems, B. Windelband, M. Winn, J. R. Wright, W. Wu, Y. Wu, R. Xu, A. Yadav, A. K. Yadav, S. Yalcin, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Yang, S. Yano, Z. Yin, I.-K. Yoo, J. H. Yoon, S. Yuan, A. Yuncu, V. Zaccolo, C. Zampolli, F. Zanone, N. Zardoshti, A. Zarochentsev, P. Závada, N. Zaviyalov, M. Zhalov, B. Zhang, L. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, M. Zhao, V. Zherebchevskii, Y. Zhi, D. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, S. C. Zugravel, and N. Zurlo

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The ALICE experiment was proposed in 1993, to study strongly-interacting matter at extreme energy densities and temperatures. This proposal entailed a comprehensive investigation of nuclear collisions at the LHC. Its physics programme initially focused on the determination of the properties of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, created in such collisions. The ALICE physics programme has been extended to cover a broader ensemble of observables related to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions. The experiment has studied Pb–Pb, Xe–Xe, p–Pb and pp collisions in the multi-TeV centre of mass energy range, during the Run 1–2 data-taking periods at the LHC (2009–2018). The aim of this review is to summarise the key ALICE physics results in this endeavor, and to discuss their implications on the current understanding of the macroscopic and microscopic properties of strongly-interacting matter at the highest temperatures reached in the laboratory. It will review the latest findings on the properties of the QGP created by heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies, and describe the surprising QGP-like effects in pp and p–Pb collisions. Measurements of few-body QCD interactions, and their impact in unraveling the structure of hadrons and hadronic interactions, will be discussed. ALICE results relevant for physics topics outside the realm of QCD will also be touched upon. Finally, prospects for future measurements with the ALICE detector in the context of its planned upgrades will also be briefly described.

Published
2024
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48. Impacts of COVID-19 shelter in place across key life domains among immigrant farmworker Latina mothers and young adults

Author

Michael Bakal, Elizabeth Ambriz, Lizbeth Ortiz-Pivaral, Katherine Kogut, Claire Snell Rood, Stephen Rauch, Brenda Eskenazi, and Julianna Deardorff

Subjects
Stress, Hispanic/Latino, Mental Health, Farmworker, Qualitative research, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objective Individuals and families from racial and ethnic groups experience social and economic disadvantage making them vulnerable to the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to capture the impacts of Shelter in Place (SIP) across key life domains including family life, education, work, mental health, and coping strategies among a sample of Mexican-origin mothers who were currently engaged in agricultural work, or whose spouses were engaged in agricultural work, and young adults who had a parent working in agriculture. Method During the summer of 2020, while California was under SIP orders, we conducted three virtual focus groups using Zoom(r). We recruited focus group participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), an ongoing, 20-year, longitudinal cohort study of Mexican-origin families in a predominantly agricultural area of California. Three focus groups were conducted with mothers (n = 9), mean age = 48 years, young adult women (n = 8) and young adult men (n = 5), mean age = 18 years, respectively. Results Mothers reported high levels of stress stemming from fear of Covid-19 infection, work instability and financial concerns, children’s schooling, anxiety about an uncertain future, and the demands of caretaking for dependents. Adverse mental health impacts were particularly pronounced among participants experiencing multiple adversities pre-dating the pandemic, including unemployment, single motherhood, and having undocumented family members. For young adults, work instability and varying work hours were also a source of stress because they made it difficult to make decisions about the future, such as whether to attend college or how many classes to take. Families used coping strategies including expressing gratitude, focusing on what’s under one’s control, familismo, and community engagement to manage mental health challenges during SIP. Conclusion In the event of future pandemics or disasters, particular attention is needed to those who experience unemployment, are undocumented and/or have undocumented family members, and/or are single parents facing economic adversity. During public health emergencies, action at the local, state, and national level is needed to support farmworkers and other vulnerable groups’ secondary major stressors stemming from inequities in access to affordable housing, childcare, living wages, healthcare, and other benefits.

Published
2024
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49. Dementia with Lewy bodies and gait neural basis: a cross-sectional study

Author

Adele Sainsily-Cesarus, Elise Schmitt, Lionel Landre, Anne Botzung, Lucie Rauch, Catherine Demuynck, Nathalie Philippi, Paulo Loureiro de Sousa, Catherine Mutter, Benjamin Cretin, Catherine Martin-Hunyadi, and Frederic Blanc

Subjects
Dementia with lewy bodies, Walking speed, Mid-cingulate cortex, Hippocampi, Magnetic resonance imaging, Voxel-based-morphometry, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is responsible for cognitive-behavioural disorders but also for gait disorders. The latter are thought to be related to parkinsonism, but the neural bases of these disorders are not well known, especially in the early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate by volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging the neuronal basis of gait disorders in DLB patients, compared to Healthy Elderly Controls and Alzheimer’s Disease patients. Methods Clinical examination with motor assessment including 10-meter walking speed, one-leg balance and Timed Up and Go test, a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and 3D brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging were performed on 84 DLB patients, 39 Alzheimer’s Disease patients and 22 Healthy Elderly Controls. We used Statistical Parametric Mapping 12 to perform a one-sample t-test to investigate the correlation between each gait score and gray matter volume (P ≤ 0.05 corrected for family-wise error). Results We found a correlation for DLB patients between walking speed and gray matter decrease (P

Published
2024
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50. Neural and behavioral markers of inhibitory control predict symptom improvement during internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression

Author

Michelle Thai, Elizabeth A. Olson, Stefanie Nickels, Daniel G. Dillon, Christian A. Webb, Boyu Ren, William D. S. Killgore, Scott L. Rauch, Isabelle M. Rosso, and Diego A. Pizzagalli

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Poor inhibitory control contributes to deficits in emotion regulation, which are often targeted by treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Brain regions that contribute to inhibitory control and emotion regulation overlap; thus, inhibitory control might relate to response to CBT. In this study, we examined whether baseline inhibitory control and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) within overlapping emotion regulation-inhibitory control regions predicted treatment response to internet-based CBT (iCBT). Participants with MDD were randomly assigned to iCBT (N = 30) or a monitored attention control (MAC) condition (N = 30). Elastic net regression was used to predict post-treatment Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores from baseline variables, including demographic variables, PHQ-9 scores, Flanker effects (interference, sequential dependency, post-error slowing), and rsFC between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral anterior insula (AI), and right temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Essential prognostic predictor variables retained in the elastic net regression included treatment group, gender, Flanker interference response time (RT), right AI-TPJ rsFC, and left AI-right AI rsFC. Prescriptive predictor variables retained included interactions between treatment group and baseline PHQ-9 scores, age, gender, Flanker RT, sequential dependency effects on accuracy, post-error accuracy, right AI-TPJ rsFC, and left AI-right AI rsFC. Inhibitory control and rsFC within inhibitory control-emotion regulation regions predicted reduced symptom severity following iCBT, and these effects were stronger in the iCBT group than in the MAC group. These findings contribute to a growing literature indicating that stronger inhibitory control at baseline predicts better outcomes to psychotherapy, including iCBT.

Published
2024
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