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Bibenzyl derivatives comprising two benzene rings are secondary plant metabolites with significant therapeutic value. To date, bibenzyl derivatives in the Plant kingdom have been primarily identified in bryophytes, orchids, and Cannabis sativa. The metabolic cost investment by plant species for the synthesis of these bioactive secondary metabolites is rationalized as a mechanism of plant defense in response to oxidative stress induced by biotic/abiotic factors. Bibenzyl derivatives are synthesized from core phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway offshoots in plant species. Mangrove and mangrove associate species thrive under extreme ecological niches such as a hypersaline intertidal environment through unique adaptive and acclimative characteristics, primarily involving osmotic adjustments followed by oxidative stress abatement. Several primary/secondary bioactive metabolites in mangrove species have been identified as components of salinity stress adaptation/acclimation/mitigation; however, the existence of a bibenzyl scaffold in mangrove species functioning in this context remains unknown. We here report the confirmed detection of a core bibenzyl scaffold from extensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection analyses of 28 mangrove and mangrove associate species from the Indian Sundarbans. We speculate that the common presence of this bibenzyl core molecule in 28 mangrove and associate species may be related to its synthesis via branches of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway induced under high salinity, which functions to detoxify reactive oxygen species as a protection for the maintenance of plant metabolic processes. This finding reveals a new eco-physiological functional role of bibenzyls in unique mangrove ecosystem.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a new public health crisis, threatening almost all aspects of human life. Originating in bats, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts, where it is primarily known to cause pneumonia-like complications in the respiratory system. Organ-to-organ transmission has not been ruled out, thereby raising the possibility of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple organ systems. The male reproductive system has been hypothesized to be a potential target of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is supported by some preliminary evidence. This may pose a global threat to male fertility potential, as men are more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection than women, especially those of reproductive age. Preliminary reports have also indicated the possibility of sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2. It may cause severe complications in infected couples. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of potential SARS-CoV-2 infection in the reproductive organs of males along with their invasion mechanisms. The risks of COVID-19 on male fertility as well as the differences in vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with females have also been highlighted.

Background: Dental implants have been essential to the therapy of patients who are partially edentulous. Aim: Clinical evaluation of the long‑term survival and success rates of different types of implant‑supported prostheses. Materials and Methods: Patients who had a healthy edentulous ridge of three missing teeth in the posterior jaw in which two or three dental implants were placed having any of three prostheses, namely, three‑unit fixed dental prostheses (FPD) on two implants, three splinted crowns on three implants, and three splinted crowns on three implants were included. Results: The survival rate in all patients with dental implants having different types of prostheses was 94.9%. The survival rate in FPD, three splinted crowns, and three nonsplinted crowns was 100, 88.5, and 93.6% respectively. Conclusion: FPD loaded on two dental implants was found to have a greater long‑term survival rate and success rate with a lower frequency of peri‑implantitis and prosthodontic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The measurement of bite force is increasingly gaining importance in dentistry. This preliminary report evaluates the maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) of young healthy individuals with normal occlusion and correlates the effect of age and gender with the maximum bite force (MBF). Materials and Methods: 405 participants in the age group of 18 to 40 years were selected from the outpatient department meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. MVBF was measured with the help of a digital device called "Byte" at incisors, right first molar, and left first molar region. Results: There was a strong correlation between age with bite force. Bite force increased with age. Males had more bite force than females. The posterior region had higher bite force than the anterior region. Conclusion: Measurement of bite force is very important for every patient undergoing restorative treatment. The "Byte" device was found to be very efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral cancer is a significant global health issue, with prevention and early detection being pivotal for improved outcomes. This study investigates the impact of cultural and socioeconomic factors on oral cancer prevention behaviors, screening participation, and treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving a sample size of 1,000 participants. Participants were recruited through stratified sampling to ensure cultural and socioeconomic diversity. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were used to explore associations between factors and outcomes. Results: The study revealed multifaceted influences of cultural and socioeconomic factors on oral cancer-related aspects. Cultural factors significantly influenced prevention behaviors, with participants from certain cultural backgrounds exhibiting higher rates of tobacco use and lower rates of dietary adherence). Socioeconomic status played a role in screening uptake, with individuals from lower income brackets less likely to undergo regular screenings. Conclusion: Cultural and socioeconomic factors have a substantial influence on oral cancer prevention behaviors, screening participation, and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This research paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of gender identification utilizing palatal rugae. Materials and Methods: The size of the sample that was selected included 100 people. They were made up of 50 men and 50 women, all in between the ages of 18 and 25. To examine their palatal rugae patterns, casts were made after taking maxillary impressions. Based on the size and rugae amount found on the left as well as the right sides, the palatal rugae patterns were investigated. Rugae patterns have been recognized based on the categorization provided by Thomas and Kotze (1983). Statistical Analysis: Chi-square analysis has been used. Results: There were comparative variations in the shape of rugae patterns among male and female individuals. The study revealed that the circular pattern was higher in males (P < 0.01) as compared to females and the unification pattern was comparatively greater in females (P < 0.05) as compared to males. The most predominant pattern that was seen in both genders was the wavy pattern that was seen to be present in 57.17% of males and 53.42% of females. The rugae number on the right and left sides did not exhibit any significant variations. Conclusions: This research thus exhibits a relevant difference in patterns of rugae and also confirms the uniqueness of patterns in each individual. Hence, it could be utilized as an adjunct to other tools for identification in the forensic sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A multicentric study on the benefits and outcomes of e-learning was lacking during the pandemic. This study aimed to find out the participation, satisfaction, and insights of dental and medical undergraduate learners toward digital learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in various healthcare institutes of India. Material and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted using Google Forms online on e-learning among students from the first to the final year of MBBS and BDS courses in five healthcare institutions. Results: Most participants (72.7%) reported cellular data as their mode of internet connection. Seventy point eight percent of participants stated online classes did not affect health. Eyestrain (54.6%) was the most common, followed by headache and fatigue, whereas only 21.2% chose obesity and disturbed sleep as a consequence of e-learning. Conclusion: Most students had experience in digital learning, in which the use of smart phones with cellular data was the most common mode of digital learning during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare radiographically the amount of crestal bone resorption during healing and loading period in single implant versus two implant–retained mandibular overdentures in totally edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 edentulous patients (12 male and 8 female) with age range of 58.6 years were included in this clinical trial which was completed in four phases (clinical and radiographic diagnosis, surgical phase, implant loading phase, and bone level measurement phase). The eligible patients were randomly allocated in two equivalent groups of 10 participants each per group. The allocation was in 1:1 ratio via randomized chit method. Group I included the case group, that is, single implant, and Group II included the control group, that is, two implants located in mandible. A total of 30 implants were placed in Group I and 20 implants in Group II. Digital intraoral peri-apical radiographs (RVG 5100) were used for measuring the bone level immediately after implant surgery, 1 month, 3 months, 4 months, and 6 months. Result: This study showed that there was a mean crestal bone loss of 0.7 mm between the tip of the implant and alveolar crest at the end of 6 months after implant placement in single implant Group I while 0.67 mm in case of Group II two-implant-retained mandibular overdentures. The percentage of crestal bone loss after 6 months follow-up was 6.45% in Group I which was statistically insignificant compared with Group II where 6.25% of bone loss was recorded. Conclusion: Single implant–retained mandibular overdentures could be used as another alternative treatment option for completely edentulous elderly patients with severely resorbed ridges and financially and systemically compromised conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The present study assessed the three-dimensional bone loss, at three different levels, around implants placed immediately after extraction using the socket shield method versus immediate implant placement., Materials and Methods: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 cases divided into two groups: socket shield method and immediate implant placement (15 cases each). Horizontal bone width (HBW) (at three different levels from baseline) and vertical bone level (VBL) (mesial and distal surfaces of the implant) were measured preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively by using cone beam computed tomography and radio visio graphy., Results: The mean difference at 2-mm and 8-mm HBW from the baseline was better in the socket shield technique, although the results were not significant. Significant results were found in Levene's test for equality of error variances. The VBL was significant at both the distal and mesial surfaces of the implant., Conclusion: The socket shield approach demonstrated promising clinical outcomes in preserving alveolar ridge morphology. It can be utilized as a substitute for the typical instantaneous implant placement in the aesthetic zone., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

The changes in interproximal contact between implant supported prosthesis (ISP) and adjacent natural tooth is of interest to dentists. Hence, we evaluated the tightness of proximal contact (PCT) between adjacent natural tooth and ISP by applying a digital force gauge spanning over a period of 1.5 year with a regular follow-up of 3, 6, and 12 months.80 patients who received ISP were included in this study. In order to measure the PCT, every patient seated in the identical upright position in the dentist chair. The digital force gauge was used to take measurements for mesial PCT and distal PCT. The mesial as well as distal interproximal contacts was more tight as in case of natural tooth adjacent to other natural tooth as compared to interproximal contacts between ISP and adjacent natural tooth. It was also observed that as the time progressed there was decrease in PCT values in both categories. After 12 month follow up 30.6% cases in category 2 while 21.2% cases in category 1 showed complete loss of interproximal contact. There is significant change in proximal contact tightness in interproximal area between implant supported prosthesis and adjacent natural tooth over a period of time and necessary measures should be taken to prevent or reduce it., (© 2024 Biomedical Informatics.)

Introduction: In stomatology, the evaluation of bite power is crucial. It is considered a significant objective approach to evaluating masticatory performance. Bite force has become a significant outcome analysis index for various therapies in dentistry research. Presently several devices being used globally have their graces and faults. They are costly and also not available easily to the general dental practitioner., Objectives: Development of a novel indigenous instrument for the measurement of human bite force., Methods: This paper describes an indigenously developed and researched instrument to measure human bite force. The sensor data (change in electronic resistance under applied force) will be read by the microprocessor and converted to force values in newton. The bite force result will be instantly displayed on the screen of the instrument and the device with which it is connected., Results: The developed instrument is handy and user-friendly and can measure bite force accurately and repeatedly., Conclusions: In this research paper, an economical, lightweight, user-friendly, accurate, and reproducible human bite force measurement device is explained, which has been developed indigenously., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Aim: To analyze quantitatively the trends in publication and compare the scientific content published during 2011-2015 and 2016-2020., Materials and Methods: An online search for all the different manuscripts published from 2011 to 2020 was performed electronically on the website of the Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society (JIPS) . The manuscripts were grouped into the following broader categories: Author, article grouping, original article subtype, prosthetic division, and statistical analysis., Results: The authors from private institutions showed higher publication trends than the authors from government institutions. The period 2016-2020 showed a higher number of publications with four or more authors. There was more original research published, followed by case reports. There was an increasing trend in a systematic review during 2016-2020 as compared to the period 2011-2015. There were a greater number of in vitro experimental studies published with a comparison of the means in the statistical analysis. There was more publication on materials and technology, followed by implants in the prosthetic division of articles., Conclusion: The analysis shows the overall progress of the journal explains the characteristics of the authors involved in the research, highlights the types of research done, statistical methods used, and important areas of research and trends in research in prosthodontics at a national level., Clinical Significance: The publication trends will focus on the research thrust areas and the type of research done in the specialty, pointing out the gaps in the research and identifying the future course of action for authors and journals. It also helps for comparison with international publication trends in prosthodontics and provides information to prospective authors to focus research on the priority areas of the concerned journal for better acceptance.