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Objective: To assess adherence to antihypertensive treatment in patients at a Family Health Strategy (FHS) unit. Methods: quantitative, transversal, and observational study with 131 hypertensive patients registered in the HIPERDIA program of an FHS located in the city of Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil, through the analysis of medical records and the application of structured questionnaires. The assessment of the degree of adherence was carried out through the Brief Medication Questionnaire. Results: Factors related to poor adherence were illiteracy (PR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.42 - 0.89), per capita family income < 1 minimum wage (PR: 0.51; 95%CI : 0.33 - 0.78) and high pharmacological complexity (PR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.45 - 0.97), while only regular physical activity (PR: 2.64; 95%CI: 1.28 - 5.46) and a good quality of life (PR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.02 - 2.04) remained positively associated with adherence. Conclusion: As these are modifiable factors, the simplification of the therapeutic scheme and the regular practice of physical activity are key points for increasing adherence to the treatment of systemic arterial hypertension in Primary Care. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo em pacientes de uma unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: estudo quantitativo, transversal e observacional com 131 hipertensos cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA de uma ESF localizada na cidade de Lagarto, Sergipe, Brasil, por meio da análise de prontuários e aplicação de questionários estruturados. A avaliação do grau de adesão foi realizada por meio do Brief Medication Questionnaire. Resultados: Os fatores relacionados à baixa adesão foram analfabetismo (RP: 0,61; IC95%: 0,42 - 0,89), renda familiar per capita < 1 salário-mínimo (RP: 0,51; IC95%: 0,33 - 0,78) e alta complexidade farmacológica (RP: 0,66; IC95%: 0,45 - 0,97), mantendo-se apenas atividade física regular (RP: 2,64; IC95%: 1,28 - 5,46) e boa qualidade de vida (RP: 1,44; IC95%: 1,02 - 2,04) positivamente associadas à adesão. Conclusão: Por se tratar de fatores modificáveis, a simplificação do esquema terapêutico e a prática regular de atividade física são pontos fundamentais para aumentar a adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na Atenção Básica.

Nesta dissertação foram avaliados os resultados e preditores prognósticos no longo prazo após valvuloplastia mitral percutânea por balão (VMPB), tratamento preferido para pacientes com estenose mitral reumática sintomática grave e anatomia adequada. Todos os pacientes consecutivos com valva mitral sem intervenção prévia que foram submetidos à VMPB com sucesso entre 1987 e 2010 foram incluídos. O desfecho primário foi o combinado de mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de cirurgia de troca valvar mitral ou redilatação até 24 anos. Considerando os 1.582 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a VMPB, o sucesso imediato foi alcançado em 90,9% (1.438 pacientes). Os preditores independentes de sucesso imediato incluíram o menor tamanho do átrio esquerdo [OR (Razão dos riscos): 0,96; IC (intervalo de confiança) de 95%: 0,93-0,99; p = 0,045)], Wilkins-score 8 (OR: 1,66; IC 95%: 0,48-0,93; p = 0,02), menor idade (OR: 0,97; IC 95%: 0,96-0,99; p = 0,006) e menor gradiente transmitral médio pré-procedimento (OR: 0,93; IC 95%: 0,86-0,96; p = 0,009). A acompanhamento de longo prazo (mediana de 8,3 anos; média de 15,6 anos) foi obtido em 79,1% dos casos de sucesso. A incidência do desfecho primário foi de 19,1% (IC 95%: 17,0%-21,1%). As taxas de mortalidade geral, necessidade de cirurgia valvar mitral ou nova VMPB foram de 0,6% (IC 95%: 0,3%-1,2%), 8,3% (IC 95%: 7,0%-9,9%) e 10,0% (95% IC: 8,5%-11,7%), respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, classe funcional New York Heart Association III ou IV [RR (risco relativo): 1,62; IC 95%: 1,26-2,09; p < 0,001); maior idade (RR: 0,97; IC 95%: 0,96-0,98; p = 0,028)] e área valvar mitral 1,75 cm2 após o procedimento (RR: 1,67; IC 95%: 1,28-2,11; p = 0,028) foram preditores independentes do desfecho primário. A incidência acumulada de reestenose no longo dos 24 anos foi de aproximadamente 26%. Em conclusão, no seguimento no muito longo prazo, mais de 75% dos pacientes apresentaram manutenção de bons resultados. A previsão de resultados favoráveis tardios é multifatorial e fortemente determinada pela idade, gravidades dos sintomas prévios e área valvar mitral pós-procedimento. In this dissertation, there were evaluated the long-term results and predictors after percutaneous balloon mitral comissurotomy (PMBC), the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis and favorable anatomy. All consecutive patients without mitral valve intervention who underwent successful PMBC between 1987 and 2010 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite of mortality from all causes, need for mitral valve replacement surgery or redilatation for up to 24 years. Considering the 1,582 consecutive patients undergoing PMBC, immediate success was achieved in 90.9% (1,438 patients). Independent predictors of immediate success included small left atrium size [OR (odds ratio): 0.96; 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.93-0.99; p = 0.045)], Wilkins-score 8 (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.48-0.93; p = 0.02), lower age (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0, 96-0.99; p = 0.006) and lower pre-procedure mean transmitral gradient (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-0.96; p = 0.009). Long-term follow-up (median 8.3 years; mean 15.6 years) was obtained in 79.1% of successful cases. The incidence of primary outcome was 19.1% (95% CI: 17.0%-21.1%). The rates of general mortality, need for mitral valve surgery or new PMBC were 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3%-1.2%), 8.3% (95% CI: 7.0%-9.9%) and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.5%-11.7%), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association functional class III or IV [RR (relative risk): 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26-2.09; p

Background The prevalence of coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention in young patients is not well established. The objective of this study was to investigate the profile of young patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with data from the Central Nacional de Intervencoes Cardiovasculares (CENIC), collected between 2006 and 2016, for patients aged ≤40 years undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Results We enrolled 2,806 patients, mean age of 35.3±3.9 years. Most lesions [...]

Objetivo: Analisar o desenvolvimento de complicações durante a internação de pacientes com COVID-19 e IC. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, quantitativo, a partir da revisão dos prontuários dos pacientes internados na Unidade de Doenças Respiratórias (UDR) de um Hospital Universitário do nordeste brasileiro, com RT-PCR reagente para SARS-COV2 e diagnóstico de IC. Resultados: Dos 77 pacientes, 51 (66,2%) apresentavam uma insuficiência cardíaca crônica agudizada (ICCa) enquanto os demais (n = 26; 33,8%) não tinham história de cardiopatia prévia e estavam apresentando o primeiro episódio de insuficiência cardíaca aguda (ICA). Aqueles com a classificação NYHA IV tiveram maior risco de desenvolver choque (p = 0,001), parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) (p = 0,01), síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) (p < 0,0001), bacteremia (p = 0,008), hemorragia e dano hepático (p = 0,04) como complicações. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 39% (n= 30). Ao analisar a relação entre o tipo de complicação desenvolvida com o desfecho óbito, choque, PCR, SDRA (p < 0,0001), pneumonia (p = 0,009), bacteremia (p = 0,0003), hemorragia, anemia (p = 0,02), arritmia cardíaca (p = 0,03) e dano hepático (p = 0,04) tiveram associação significante. Conclusão: A associação entre IC e COVID-19 na internação leva a uma alta taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Pacientes com a classe funcional NYHA IV possuem maior risco de desenvolver complicações e óbito durante internação. Além disso, os pacientes com IC e COVID-19 que desenvolvem pneumonia, SDRA, choque, PCR, anemia, hemorragia, arritmia, dano hepático e/ou bacteremia possuem maior taxa de mortalidade.

Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) and suitable anatomy. The objective of this study was to propose a new score for the prediction of immediate and late success.This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of all 1582 patients with severe mitral stenosis who underwent PMBC from August 1987 to July 2010. The composite outcome was cardiovascular death, new PMBC, or mitral valve repair surgery up to 24 years of follow-up.Mean patient age was 36.8 ± 12.9 years, most (86.4%) were female, and Wilkins score was between 9-11 in 49.1% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of immediate success were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P=.01), left atrium size (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P=.01), mean preprocedure mitral gradient (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P.001), intermediate Wilkins score 9-11 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P=.02), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P.01). For prediction of late events, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98; P.001), New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92; P.001), left atrium size (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-0.04; P.01), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.15; P.01) were significant. Two nomograms were developed using significant predictors from the model.In this large population, not only the Wilkins score, but also clinical and hemodynamic features, seem to be relevant in predicting immediate and late success for patients with rheumatic MS who underwent PMBC.

The aim of this study was to assess very long term outcomes after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV).PBMV remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis and suitable anatomy.All consecutive patients who underwent successful PBMV between 1987 and 2010 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, need for mitral surgery, or repeat PBMV up to 23 years.Among all 1,582 consecutive patients undergoing PBMV, acute success was achieved in 90.9% (n = 1,438). Independent predictors of acute success included left atrial size (odds ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.99; p = 0.045), Wilkins score ≤8 (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.93; p = 0.02) and age (odds ratio: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99; p = 0.006). Very long term follow-up (median 8.3 years, mean 15.6 years) was obtained in 79.1% of successful cases. The incidence of the primary endpoint was 19.1% (95% CI: 17.0% to 21.1%). The rates of overall mortality, need for mitral valve surgery, or repeat PBMV were 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.2%), 8.3% (95% CI: 7.0% to 9.9%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.5% to 11.7%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (hazard ratio: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.09; p 0.001), higher age (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98; p = 0.028), and mitral valve area ≤1.75 cmIn very long term follow-up, more than 75% of patients exhibited sustained results. Prediction of late favorable results is multifactorial and strongly determined by age, previous symptoms and post-procedural mitral valve area.

Resumo: Introdução: Nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) em pacientes com taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) ≥ 60 mL/min, estimada pela equação de Cockcroft‐Gault (C‐G), não é infrequente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a capacidade da equação CKD‐EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) em predizer NIC em indivíduos sem disfunção renal significativa basal pela fórmula C‐G. Métodos: Incluídos pacientes submetidos a ICP entre 2008‐2013, com TFG basal ≥ 60 mL/min pela equação de C‐G. Estes indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos, conforme ocorrência ou não de NIC. Para todos os casos, foi calculada a TFG basal conforme a equação do CKD‐EPI. Resultados: A amostra consistiu de 140 pacientes. A TFG C‐G basal foi de 87,5 ± 21,3 mL/min e de 77,1 ± 15,0 mL/min/1,73 m2 para CKD‐EPI. NIC ocorreu em 84,6% dos pacientes com TFG CKD‐EPI basal

Introduction: Individuals with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) frequently develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study aimed to assess whether individuals with significant renal impairment assessed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula, but not by CG, more often develop CIN following PCI than those without renal impairment by either formula. Methods: In this cross-sectional study analyzing patients with baseline CG GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 before PCI, subjects were divided into two groups according to CIN occurrence. Baseline CKD-EPI GFR was calculated for all patients. Results: We analyzed 140 patients. Baseline GFR was 87.5±21.3 and 77.1±15.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 for CG and CKD-EPI, respectively. CIN occurred in 84.6% of individuals with baseline CKD-EPI GFR

A tentativa de identificar pacientes mais propensos a ocorrencia de eventos, relacionados ou nao as intervencoes, e uma busca de longa data, que precede a era dos cateteres. , Em 1977, por exemplo, definiram-se alguns dos mais importantes preditores de eventos adversos relacionados a doenca arterial coronariana (DAC), como numero de arterias ou territorios coronarios comprometidos e quantidade de miocardio em risco. Demonstrou-se que a habilidade prognostica dessas variaveis aumentava a medida que outras foram sendo integradas, como, por exemplo, [...]

The present study examined the association between Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan (J-CTO) score in predicting failure of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) correlating with the estimated duration of chronic total occlusion (CTO).The J-CTO score does not incorporate estimated duration of the occlusion.This was an observational retrospective study that involved all consecutive procedures performed at a single tertiary-care cardiology center between January 2009 and December 2014.A total of 174 patients, median age 59.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 53-65 years), undergoing CTO-PCI were included. The median estimated occlusion duration was 7.5 months (IQR, 4.0-12.0 months). The lesions were classified as easy (score = 0), intermediate (score = 1), difficult (score = 2), and very difficult (score ≥3) in 51.1%, 33.9%, 9.2%, and 5.7% of the patients, respectively. Failure rate significantly increased with higher J-CTO score (7.9%, 20.3%, 50.0%, and 70.0% in groups with J-CTO scores of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3, respectively; P.001). There was no significant difference in success rate according to estimated duration of occlusion (P=.63). Indeed, J-CTO score predicted failure of CTO-PCI independently of the estimated occlusion duration (P=.24). Areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves were computed and it was observed that for each occlusion time period, the discriminatory capacity of the J-CTO score in predicting CTO-PCI failure was good, with a C-statistic0.70.The estimated duration of occlusion had no influence on the J-CTO score performance in predicting failure of PCI in CTO lesions. The probability of failure was mainly determined by grade of lesion complexity.

Background: The impact of paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the impact of PVR on mortality and hospital readmission one year after TAVI. Methods: Between January 2009 and June 2015, a total of 251 patients underwent TAVI with three different prostheses at two cardiology centers. Patients were assessed according to PVR severity after the procedure. Results: PVR was classified as absent/trace or mild in 92.0% (n = 242) and moderate/severe in 7.1% (n = 18). The moderate/severe PVR group showed higher levels of aortic calcification (22% vs. 6%, p = 0.03), higher serum creatinine (1.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.4 mg/dL, p = 0.014), lower aortic valve area (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 cm2, p = 0.05), and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (49.2 ± 14.8% vs. 58.8 ± 12.1%, p = 0.009). Patients with moderate/severe PVR had more need for post-dilatation (p = 0.025) and use of larger-diameter balloons (p = 0.043). At one year, all-cause mortality was similar in both groups (16.7% vs. 12%, p = 0.08), as well as rehospitalization (11.1% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.915). PVR grade significantly reduced throughout the first year after the procedure (p < 0.01). The presence of moderate/severe PVR was not associated with higher one-year mortality rates (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.27-2.13, p = 0.864), rehospitalization (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.25-4.69, p=0.915), or composite outcome (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.28-2.13, p = 0.613). Conclusion: In this sample, moderate/severe PVR was not a predictor of long-term mortality or rehospitalization. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0) Resumo Fundamento: O impacto da regurgitação paravalvular (RPV) após implante de valva aórtica transcateter (TAVI) permanece incerto. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto da RPV na mortalidade e re-hospitalização 1 ano após o TAVI. Métodos: Entre janeiro de 2009 e junho de 2015, 251 pacientes foram submetidos ao TAVI em dois centros cardiológicos com 3 diferentes próteses. Os pacientes foram analisados de acordo com a gravidade da RPV pós-procedimento. Resultados: RPV foi classificada como ausente/mínima ou discreta em 92,0% (n=242) dos pacientes e moderada/grave em 7,1% (n = 18). Os pacientes com RPV moderada/importante apresentaram maior grau de calcificação aórtica (22,0% vs. 6,0%; p = 0,03), creatinina sérica (1,53 ± 0,71 vs. 1,18 ± 0,43 mg/dL; p = 0,01), menor área valvar aórtica (0,61 ± 0,12 vs. 0.69 ± 0,17 cm2; p = 0,05) e menor fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (49,17±14,79% vs. 58,82±12,14%; p = 0,009). Nos pacientes com RPV moderada/importante a necessidade de pós-dilatação foi maior (p = 0,025) e eventualmente com balão de diâmetro maior (p = 0,04). Ao final de 1 ano, a mortalidade por todas as causas foi similar em ambos os grupos (16,7% vs. 12,0%; p = 0,08), assim como re-hospitalização (11,1% vs. 7,3%; p = 0,91). O grau de RPV ao longo do primeiro ano reduziu progressivamente (p < 0,01). A presença de RPV moderada/importante não foi associada a maiores taxas de mortalidade em 1 ano [RR (risco relativo): 0,76; IC (intervalo de confiança) 95%: 0,27-2,13; p = 0,864)], re-hospitalização (RR: 1,08; IC 95%: 0,25-4,69; p = 0,915) ou desfecho combinado (RR: 0,77; IC 95%: 0,28-2,13; p = 0,61). Conclusões: Nesta amostra, a presença de regurgitação paravalvular moderada/importante não foi um preditor de mortalidade ou reinternação a longo prazo. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Background: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were developed to improve the long-term results of percutaneous coronary intervention, restoring vasomotion. Objectives: To report very late follow-up of everolimus-eluting Absorb BVS (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA) in our center. Methods: Observational retrospective study, in a single Brazilian center, from August 2011 to October 2013, including 49 patients submitted to Absorb BVS implantation. Safety and efficacy outcomes were analyzed in the in-hospital and very late follow-up phases (> 2 years). Results: All 49 patients underwent a minimum follow-up of 2.5 years and a maximum of 4.6 years. Mean age was 56.8 ± 7.6 years, 71.4% of the patients were men, and 26.5% were diabetic. Regarding clinical presentation, the majority (94%) had stable angina or silent ischemia. Device success was achieved in 100% of cases with 96% overall procedure success rate. Major adverse cardiovascular events rate was 4% at 30 days, 8.2% at 1 year, and 12.2% at 2 years, and there were no more events until 4.6 years. There were 2 cases of thrombosis (1 subacute and 1 late). Conclusions: In this preliminary analysis, Absorb BVS showed to be a safe and effective device in the very late follow-up. Establishing the efficacy and safety profiles of these devices in more complex scenarios is necessary. Resumo Fundamento: Os suportes vasculares bioabsorvíveis (SVB) foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de melhorar os resultados da intervenção coronária percutânea a longo prazo, restabelecendo-se a vasomotricidade. Objetivos: Reportar o seguimento muito tardio do implante do SVB eluidor de everolimus Absorb® (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, EUA) em nosso centro. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, em um único centro brasileiro, que incluiu 49 pacientes submetidos ao implante do SVB Absorb® entre agosto/2011 e outubro/2013. Foram analisados os desfechos de segurança e eficácia na fase hospitalar e bastante tardia (> 2 anos). Resultados: Todos os 49 pacientes completaram um seguimento mínimo de 2,5 anos, sendo o máximo de 4,6 anos. A média de idade foi 56,8 ± 7,6 anos, sendo 71,4% da população estudada do sexo masculino e 26,5% composta por diabéticos. Considerando a apresentação clínica, a grande maioria (94%) tinha angina estável ou isquemia silenciosa. Obteve-se sucesso do dispositivo em 100% dos casos e do procedimento, em 96%. A taxa de eventos cardiovasculares maiores foi de 4% aos 30 dias, de 8,2% em 1 ano, e de 12,2% em 2 anos, sem mais eventos até 4,6 anos. Houve 2 casos de trombose (1 subaguda e 1 tardia) até o último seguimento. Conclusões: Nesta análise preliminar, o uso do SVB Absorb® mostrou-se seguro e eficaz no seguimento bastante tardio. Faz-se necessário estabelecer o perfil de eficácia e segurança destes dispositivos em cenários de maior complexidade.

Left ventricular noncompaction is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by excessive left ventricular trabeculation, deep intertrabecular recesses and a thin compacted layer due to the arrest of compaction of myocardial fibers during embryonic development. We report the case of a young patient with isolated left ventricular noncompaction, leading to refractory heart failure that required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation followed by emergency heart transplantation. Resumo: A não compactação do miocárdio é uma anomalia congênita rara, definida por excessiva trabeculação do ventrículo esquerdo, profundos recessos intertrabeculares e uma camada compactada fina, devido à interrupção do processo de compactação das fibras miocárdicas durante a fase embriogênica. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente jovem com miocárdio não compactado isolado evoluindo para insuficiência cardíaca refratária, com necessidade de uso de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea seguido de transplante cardíaco de emergência. Keywords: Cardiomiopathy, Ventricular dysfunction, Heart transplantation, Palavras-chave: Cardiomiopatia, Disfunção ventricular, Transplante cardíaco

A arteria coronaria unica e anomalia rara, que pode estar associada a isquemia miocardica e morte subita. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher jovem, com quadro de angina atipica, cujo cateterismo revelou arteria coronaria direita que se originava do terco medio da arteria descendente anterior, uma variante da arteria coronaria unica.

Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) still remains as the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis and suitable anatomy. This study sought to access the immediate and very long-term outcomes after successful PMBV. This is a single-center

Introduction: The presence of acute renal injury (AKI) enhances morbimortality after surgical aortic valve. Hypothesis: This prospective observational study aims to determine the incidence of AKI after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), its predictors and impact on 30-days and 1-year mortality. Methods: We assessed data from 224 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis submitted to TAVR between January 2009 and February 2015 on two tertiary cardiologic centers, conducted by the same heart team. All patients used an ionic, low-osmolar, low-viscosity contrast. Kidney injury was defined according to VARC criteria, following AKIN system, and data collected until the seventh day post-procedure. Three patients were excluded due to death during the procedure, considering those deaths not related to renal dysfunction, remaining 221 patients analysed separated in two groups: AKI group and non-AKI group. Follow-up was performed on 30 days and after one year. Results: Fifty two patients (23.5%) developed AKI until seventh day of procedure. Groups 1 and 2 were similar, except for EuroSCORE II (8.66% ± 5.64% vs 7.34% ± 8.58%, p = 0.02) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (39.59 ml/min.1.73m2 ± 13.62 vs. 48.49 ± 19.6, p = 0.002). Overall 30 days-mortality and 1-year mortality was 6.3% and 14.0%, respectively. Both 30-day mortality (23.1% vs 1.2%, p < 0.001) and 1-year mortality (44.2% vs 4.7%, p< 0.001) were higher in group 1. In multivariable-adjusted models, the only independent predictor for AKI after TAVR was baseline GFR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.37, CI 95% 1.08-1.77, p = 0.01]. Regarding long term follow-up, AKI (HR 19.86, CI 95% 7.31-53.98, p Conclusion: In this TAVR sample, baseline GFR was the only independent predictor of AKI, and patients who developed it had significantly higher mortality at 30 days and 1 year. Acute renal impairment was the strongest risk factor for mortality and adverse cardiovascular events that provided risk information beyond the traditional scores, as EuroSCORE II and STS.

Introduction: Although there has been a steady decline in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease, rheumatic mitral stenosis still causes significant morbi-mortality worldwide. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) remains as the preferred treatment option for patients with suitable anatomy and severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis. Hypothesis: We sought to assess the very long-term outcomes after successful PMBV. Methods: This is a single center analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent successful PBMV (post-procedural valve area ≥ 1.5 cm 2 and regurgitation moderate or less, without in-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events) between 1988 and 2011. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including global death and need for mitral surgery or repeat PMBV up to 23 year after the procedure. Results: Among all 1577 patients, the success rate was achieved in 91.3% (1140 patients). The predictors of success were NYHA functional class III-IV (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.15-2.60, p=0.008) and Wilkins-score Conclusions: Up to 23 years after successful PMBV, a sizeable proportion of patients still exhibit sustained results after PMBV.

Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty (PMBV), whenever technically feasible, is the preferred treatment option for mitral stenosis, particularly those secondary to rheumatic heart disease. Nevertheless, mitral valvular restenosis might develop in a significant number of patients submitted to

A estenose aortica e a valvopatia mais frequente nos paises desenvolvidos e uma doenca valvar com importância crescente nos paises em desenvolvimento. Na historia natural da doenca, o surgimento dos sintomas se correlaciona com piora significativa no prognostico e a substituicao valvar aortica e o unico procedimento capaz de alterar a sobrevida desses pacientes sintomaticos. No entanto, o tratamento de pacientes com estenose aortica importante assintomatica ainda permanece controverso, pois classicamente os riscos inerentes a cirurgia pareciam suplantar o beneficio oferecido pela troca valvar nesses individuos. A importância da ecocardiografia na deteccao precoce da estenose aortica, na classificacao da sua gravidade e no seu acompanhamento evolutivo ja esta estabelecida. O objetivo deste trabalho e discutir de que forma os dados ecocardiograficos permitem avaliar o risco na estenose aortica importante assintomatica e, dessa forma, facilitar o seu manejo clinico.

Background: Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty (PMBV), has been the preferred treatment for mitral valve stenosis, particularly when secondary to rheumatic heart disease. However, its recurrence is found to happen, due to unclear factors, in a significant number of patients submitted to this

Background: Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) is an attractive therapeutic approach in patients with mitral stenosis. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and long-term clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic outcomes of PMV in patients with severe pulmonary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with or without pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly linked to decreased survival in patients treated with cardiac surgery but this is still incompletely understood after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). This study sought to assess

ObjectiveGH replacement therapy (GHRT) in adult-onset GH deficiency (AOGHD) reduces carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and increases myocardial mass, with improvement of systolic and diastolic function. These observations have reinforced the use of GHRT on AOGHD. Conversely, we have previously reported that in adults with lifetime congenital and severe isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a mutation in GHRH receptor gene (GHRHR), a 6-month treatment with depot GH increased carotid IMT, caused the development of atherosclerotic plaques, and an increase in left ventricular mass index (LVMI), posterior wall, and septal thickness and ejection fraction. Such effects persisted 12 months after treatment (12-month washout – 12mo).MethodsWe have studied the cardiovascular status (by echocardiography and carotid ultrasonography) of these subjects 60 months after completion of therapy (60-month washout – 60mo).ResultsCarotid IMT reduced significantly from 12 to 60mo, returning to baseline (pre-therapy) value. The number of individuals with plaques was similar at 12 and 60mo, remaining higher than pre-therapy. LVMI, relative posterior wall thickness, and septum thickness did not change between 12 and 60mo, but absolute posterior wall increased from 12 to 60mo. Systolic function, evaluated by ejection fraction and shortening fraction, was reduced at 60mo in comparison with 12mo returning to baseline levels. The E/A wave ratio (expression of diastolic function) decreased at 60mo compared with both 12mo and baseline.ConclusionsIn adults with lifetime congenital IGHD, the increase in carotid IMT elicited by GHRT was transitory and returned to baseline 5 years after therapy discontinuation. Despite this, the number of subjects with plaques remained stable at 60mo and higher than at baseline.

GH reduces insulin sensitivity (IS), whereas IGF-I increases it. IGF-I seems to be critical for the development of the -cells, and impaired IS has been reported in GH deficiency (GHD). Objective: The aim of the study was to assess IS and -cell function in adult patients with untreated isolated GHD (IGHD) due to a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene. Design, Setting, and Patients: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 24 GH-naive adult IGHD subjects and 25 controls. Intervention:We performed an oral glucose tolerance test with glucose and insulin measurements at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Main Outcome Measures: IS was assessed by homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (IR), quantitative IS check index, oral glucose IS in 2 h (OGIS2) and 3 h (OGIS3). -Cell function was assayed by homeostasis model assessment index-, insulinogenic index, and area under the curve of insulin-glucose ratio. Results:During the oral glucose tolerance test, glucoselevelswere higherinIGHD subjects (P0.0001), whereas insulin response presented a trend toward reduction (P 0.08). The number of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance was higher in the IGHD group (P 0.001), whereas the frequency of diabetes was similar in the two groups. Homeostasismodel assessment index of IR was lower (P0.04), and quantitative IS check index and OGIS2 showed a nonsignificant trend toward elevation (P 0.066 and P 0.09, respectively) in IGHD. OGIS3 showed no difference between the groups. Homeostasis model assessment index-, insulinogenic index, and ratio of the areas of the insulin and glucose curves were reduced in the IGDH group (P 0.015, P 0.0001, and P 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: Adult subjects with lifetime congenital untreated IGHD present reduced -cell function, no evidence of IR, and higher frequency of impaired glucose tolerance. (

Background: GH deficiency (GHD) is often associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including abdominal fat accumulation, hypercholesterolemia, and increased C-reactive protein. Despite the presence of these risk factors, adults with congenital lifetime isolated GHD (IGHD) due to an inactivating mutation in the GHRH receptor gene do not have premature atherosclerosis.Objective: The aim was to study the serum levels of adiponectin and leptin (antiatherogenic and atherogenic adipokine, respectively), and the urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in these IGHD individuals.Design and Patients: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 20 IGHD individuals (seven males; age, 50.8 ± 14.6 yr) and 22 control subjects (eight males; age, 49.9 ± 11.5 yr).Main Outcome Measures: Anthropometric factors, body composition, blood pressure, serum adiponectin, leptin, and UAE were measured.Results: Adiponectin was higher [12.8 (7.1) vs. 9.7 (5) ng/ml; P = 0.041] in IGHD subjects, whereas no difference was observed in leptin [7.3 (6.3) vs. 9.3 (18.7 ng/ml] and UAE [8.6 (13.8) vs. 8.5 (11.1) μg/min].Conclusions: Subjects with lifetime untreated IGHD have an adipokine profile with high adiponectin and normal leptin levels that may delay vascular damage and lesions of the renal endothelium.

Context: Reduced longevity observed in hypopituitarism has been attributed to GH deficiency (GHD). It is, however, unclear whether GHD or other confounding factors cause this early mortality. Objective: The aim was to study longevity in subjects from a large kindred with untreated, lifetime isolated GHD (IGHD) due to a homozygous mutation in the GHRH receptor gene and in heterozygous carriers of the mutation. Design, Setting, and Participants: We carried out a retrospective cohort study on three groups. We first compared mortality risk of 65 IGHD individuals and their 128 unaffected siblings from 34 families. We then compared mean age of death of the IGHD to the general population. A transversal study was carried out to compare the rate of heterozygosity for the mutation in two groups of young (20–40 yr old) and old (60–80 yr old) normal-appearing subjects from the same county. Main Outcome Measure: We measured longevity. Results: The risk of death of IGHD subjects was not different from their siblings. Life span in IGHD individuals was shorter than the general population. When stratified by sex, this difference persisted only in females, due to a high frequency of IGHD deaths in females aged 4–20. There was no significant difference in life span between IGHD subjects and siblings or the general population when analyzing subjects who reached age 20. The prevalence of heterozygosity did not differ in young and old groups, suggesting no survival advantage or disadvantage. Conclusions: In a selected genetic background, lifelong untreated IGHD does not affect longevity.

Nos últimos 20 anos, o hormônio de crescimento recombinante humano (GHhr) vem sendo utilizado para tratar a deficiência do hormônio de crescimento (GH) em crianças e, mais recentemente, em adultos. Porém, a necessidade de injeções diárias compromete a aderência ao tratamento. Esforços de melhorar esta aderência incluem o uso de canetas e dispositivos desprovidos de agulha, haja vista que as bombas de infusão, nem sempre são fisiológicas e são de uso restrito. Quando a finalidade do tratamento for o crescimento, a terapêutica diária com GHhr continua a mais recomendada. Contudo, a expansão da terapêutica com GH, especialmente nos usos mais recentes e em adultos, necessitará de outras preparações. No momento atual, os secretagogos orais não têm eficácia comprovada para a utilização clínica, e as formulações de depósito de GHRH e de GH, que melhorariam a aderência dos pacientes, ainda requerem mais estudos de eficácia em longo prazo e segurança. In the last twenty years, recombinant human Growth hormone (hrGH) has been available for the treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in children and more recently in adults. However, the necessity of daily injections compromises the patient's compliance. Attempts to improve this compliance includes the use of pens and needle free devices, once the infusion pumps, not always physiologic, are of restricted use. When growth is the purpose of treatment, daily subcutaneous hrGH is still the most indicated. Nevertheless the expansion of GH replacement to new uses and especially in adults will need new preparations. Nowadays, the oral secretagogues have not proved efficacy to be used in clinical practice and the slow- release preparations of GH and GH releasing hormone that could improve the patient's compliance will need to be studied considering long term efficacy and safety.

In the last twenty years, recombinant human Growth hormone (hrGH) has been available for the treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in children and more recently in adults. However, the necessity of daily injections compromises the patient's compliance. Attempts to improve this compliance includes the use of pens and needle free devices, once the infusion pumps, not always physiologic, are of restricted use. When growth is the purpose of treatment, daily subcutaneous hrGH is still the most indicated. Nevertheless the expansion of GH replacement to new uses and especially in adults will need new preparations. Nowadays, the oral secretagogues have not proved efficacy to be used in clinical practice and the slow- release preparations of GH and GH releasing hormone that could improve the patient's compliance will need to be studied considering long term efficacy and safety.

ResumoIntroduçãoA utilização crescente do implante transcateter de prótese valvar aórtica (TAVI) em pacientes de alto risco, em especial naqueles com disfunção ventricular, justifica uma avaliação mais profunda da seleção e dos resultados do procedimento. Utilizamos nosso banco de dados para caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes e avaliar os resultados do TAVI de acordo com o grau de disfunção ventricular.MétodosEstudo observacional longitudinal no qual foram incluídos todos os pacientes com estenose aórtica (EAo) grave, submetidos ao TAVI entre 2009 e 2014, e comparados àqueles com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) ≤ 40% vs. > 40%. Foram avaliados os desfechos de segurança e eficácia em 30 dias e 1 ano.ResultadosDentre os 172 pacientes, 20 (11,6%) apresentavam FEVE ≤ 40%. Esses pacientes eram mais jovens, com maior prevalência de tabagismo, infarto agudo do miocárdio prévio, cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica, marca‐passo definitivo e hipertensão arterial pulmonar. Também se observou, nesse grupo, maior frequência de classes funcionais mais elevadas. O grupo com FEVE ≤ 40% apresentou menor gradiente valvar aórtico médio para área valvar equivalente. As taxas de sucesso do procedimento não diferiram entre os grupos. Não foram observadas diferenças na mortalidade, nos eventos coronarianos, cerebrovasculares, sangramentos, complicações vasculares e disfunção renal aguda no acompanhamento de 30 dias e 1 ano. No grupo FEVE ≤ 40%, a média da FEVE elevou‐se de 31,5 para 45,1% 1 ano após o procedimento (p = 0,002).ConclusõesO TAVI em pacientes com EAo grave e FEVE ≤ 40% não aumenta o risco de complicações e está associado à melhora da FEVE.AbstractBackgroundThe increasing use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in high‐risk patients, especially those with ventricular dysfunction, justifies further evaluation of the selection and the results of the procedure. A database was used to characterize the profile of patients and evaluate TAVI results according to the degree of ventricular dysfunction.MethodsThis was a longitudinal observational study that included all patients with severe aortic stenosis (AoS) submitted to TAVI between 2009 and 2014, comparing those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% vs. > 40%. The safety and efficacy outcomes were evaluated at 30 days and 1 year.ResultsOf the 172 patients, 20 (11.6%) had LVEF ≤ 40%. These patients were younger, with a higher prevalence of smoking, previous acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, permanent pacemaker, and pulmonary artery hypertension. Higher functional classes were also more often observed in this group. The group with LVEF ≤ 40% had lower mean aortic valve gradient for an equivalent valve area. The procedure success did not differ between groups. There were no differences in mortality in coronary and cerebrovascular events, bleeding, vascular complications, and acute renal failure in the 30 day and 1 year follow‐up. In the LVEF ≤ 40% group, the mean LVEF increased from 31.5 to 45.1% 1 year after the procedure (p = 0.002).ConclusionsTAVI in patients with severe AoS and LVEF ≤ 40% does not increase the risk of complications and is associated with LVEF improvement.

RESUMOIntroduçãoEstudos recentes têm demonstrado a eficácia do implante transcateter valve‐in‐valve para o tratamento de disfunção de biopróteses em pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico. Apresentamos nossa experiência inicial com o implante valve‐in‐valve.MétodosCaracterizamos o perfil clínico, ecocardiográfico e do procedimento, e reportamos os resultados de médio prazo de pacientes com disfunção de bioprótese submetidos a implante valve‐in‐valve em posição aórtica.ResultadosIncluímos sete pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade de 72,6 ± 10,0 anos. O escore STS foi 9,6 ± 10,5%, e o EuroSCORE logístico foi 22,7 ± 14,7%. Três pacientes apresentavam dupla disfunção; dois tinham insuficiência; e dois exibiam estenose isolada. A via transfemoral foi utilizada em seis casos, e a transapical, em um caso. Os dispositivos implantados incluíram as próteses Sapien XT (n = 5) e CoreValve (n = 2). O sucesso do procedimento foi obtido em seis (85,7%) casos. Após o procedimento, o gradiente médio reduziu‐se de 38,2 ± 9,6mmHg para 20,9 ± 5,9mmHg, e a área valvar elevou‐se de 1,2 ± 0,4cm2 para 1,5 ± 0,5cm2. Ao final de 1 ano, não ocorreram óbitos e nem outros desfechos adversos significativos; 80% dos pacientes encontravam‐se em classe funcional NYHA I/II. Os gradientes transvalvares e a área valvar permaneceram inalterados nesse período.ConclusõesO procedimento valve‐in‐valve foi eficaz na maioria dos pacientes de alto risco cirúrgico com disfunção de bioprótese. Quando realizado em pacientes bem selecionados, resulta em desfechos clínicos e hemodinâmicos satisfatórios.ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the transcatheter valve‐in‐valve implantation for the treatment of bioprosthesis dysfunction in high‐risk surgical patients. This study presents the initial experience with valve‐in‐valve implantation.MethodsClinical, echocardiographic, and procedural profiles were characterized, and the mid‐term results of patients with surgical bioprosthesis dysfunction submitted to valve‐in‐valve implantation in the aortic position were reported.ResultsSeven male patients were included, aged 72.6 ± 10.0 years. The STS score was 9,6 ± 10,5%, and the logistic EuroSCORE was 22.7 ± 14.7%. Three patients had combined aortic bioprosthesis failure; two had isolated regurgitation; and two had isolated stenosis. The transfemoral access was used in six cases, and the transapical access in one case. Implanted devices included Sapien XT (n = 5) and CoreValve (n = 2) prostheses. Procedural success was achieved in six (85.7%) cases. After the procedure, the mean gradient decreased from 38.2 ± 9.6mmHg to 20.9 ± 5.9mmHg, and the valve area increased from 1.2 ± 0.4cm2 to 1.5 ± 0.5cm2. After 1 year, there were no deaths and no other significant adverse outcomes; 80% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II. The transvalvular gradients and valve area remained unchanged in this period.ConclusionsThe valve‐in‐valve procedure was effective in most high‐risk surgical patients with bioprosthesis dysfunction. When performed in well‐selected patients, it results in satisfactory clinical and hemodynamic outcomes.

Background The increasing use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in high-risk patients, especially those with ventricular dysfunction, justifies further evaluation of the selection and the results of the procedure. A database was used to characterize the profile of patients and evaluate TAVI results according to the degree of ventricular dysfunction. Methods This was a longitudinal observational study that included all patients with severe aortic stenosis (AoS) submitted to TAVI between 2009 and 2014, comparing those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40% vs. > 40%. The safety and efficacy outcomes were evaluated at 30 days and 1 year. Results Of the 172 patients, 20 (11.6%) had LVEF ≤ 40%. These patients were younger, with a higher prevalence of smoking, previous acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, permanent pacemaker, and pulmonary artery hypertension. Higher functional classes were also more often observed in this group. The group with LVEF ≤ 40% had lower mean aortic valve gradient for an equivalent valve area. The procedure success did not differ between groups. There were no differences in mortality in coronary and cerebrovascular events, bleeding, vascular complications, and acute renal failure in the 30 day and 1 year follow-up. In the LVEF ≤ 40% group, the mean LVEF increased from 31.5 to 45.1% 1 year after the procedure (p = 0.002). Conclusions TAVI in patients with severe AoS and LVEF ≤ 40% does not increase the risk of complications and is associated with LVEF improvement.

Background Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation for the treatment of bioprosthesis dysfunction in high-risk surgical patients. This study presents the initial experience with valve-in-valve implantation. Methods Clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural profiles were characterized, and the mid-term results of patients with surgical bioprosthesis dysfunction submitted to valve-in-valve implantation in the aortic position were reported. Results Seven male patients were included, aged 72.6 ± 10.0 years. The STS score was 9,6 ± 10,5%, and the logistic EuroSCORE was 22.7 ± 14.7%. Three patients had combined aortic bioprosthesis failure; two had isolated regurgitation; and two had isolated stenosis. The transfemoral access was used in six cases, and the transapical access in one case. Implanted devices included Sapien XT (n = 5) and CoreValve (n = 2) prostheses. Procedural success was achieved in six (85.7%) cases. After the procedure, the mean gradient decreased from 38.2 ± 9.6 mmHg to 20.9 ± 5.9 mmHg, and the valve area increased from 1.2 ± 0.4 cm 2 to 1.5 ± 0.5 cm 2 . After 1 year, there were no deaths and no other significant adverse outcomes; 80% of patients were in NYHA functional class I/II. The transvalvular gradients and valve area remained unchanged in this period. Conclusions The valve-in-valve procedure was effective in most high-risk surgical patients with bioprosthesis dysfunction. When performed in well-selected patients, it results in satisfactory clinical and hemodynamic outcomes.

The presence of acute renal injury (AKI) enhances morbimortality after surgical aortic valve. However, the risk of periprocedural AKI and its association with outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is still incompletely understood. This prospective observational study aims to