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Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In the last few years, short metaphyseal-socket prosthetic humeral stems have been introduced for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). A short stem may have advantages in humeral force distribution, reducing shear stress and preserving bone stock, keeping in mind the need for possible future revision surgery. The main objective of our study was to validate the use of a short stem prosthesis in the surgical treatment of humeral fractures by comparing clinical and radiological outcomes of our studied implant with those obtained with the use of traditional long-stem implants. Methods: In this multicentric, controlled prospective study, 125 patients with proximal three- or four-fragment humerus fractures were selected and treated with RSA. A short stem was used in group A (n = 53, mean age: 75.6 ± 5.6 years old), and a long stem was used in group B (n = 72, mean age: 71.76 ± 3). Active range of motion (ROM), Constant score (CS), Quick DASH, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder (ASES) score, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were collected and analyzed at 2 years mean follow-up, as well as humeral and glenoid bone resorption (sum Inoue scores and Sirveaux scores were used). Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between group A and B in ROM, Constant score (51.69 ± 15.8 vs. 53.46 ± 15.96, p > 0.05), Quick DASH (31.5 ± 21.81 vs. 28.79 ± 13.72, p = 0.85), ASES (82.53 ± 17.79 vs. 84.34 ± 15.24, p = 0.57), or the VAS (0.53 ± 1 vs. 0.56 ± 1.07, p = 0.14) at the final follow-up. No statistically significant differences were found in the radiographic parameters between the two groups. No statistically significant differences were found for the average degree of humeral and glenoid bone resorption either. Conclusions: The use of a short metaphyseal-socket stem can be considered a safe, effective, and feasible option in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for treating proximal humerus fractures. Our results are encouraging, with no statistically significant differences identified between the proposed treatment and traditional long stems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Although some risk factors of PJI were well studied, the association between trauma and PJI remains unknown in revision patients. Materials and methods Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 71 patients with trauma history before revisions (trauma cohort) were propensity score matched (PSM) at a ratio of 1 to 5 with a control cohort of revision patients without a history of trauma. Then, the cumulative incidence rate of PJI within 3 years after operation between the two groups was compared. The secondary endpoints were aseptic revisions within 3 postoperative years, complications up to 30 postoperative days, and readmission up to 90 days. During a minimal 3-year follow-up, the survival was comparatively analyzed between the trauma cohort and the control cohort. Results The cumulative incidence of PJI was 40.85% in patients with trauma history against 27.04% in the controls (P = 0.02). Correspondingly, the cumulative incidence of aseptic re-revisions was 12.68% in patients with trauma history compared with 5.07% in the control cohort (P = 0.028). Cox regression revealed that trauma history was a risk factor of PJI (HR, 1.533 [95%CI, (1.019,2.306)]; P = 0.04) and aseptic re-revisions (HR, 3.285 [95%CI, (1.790,6.028)]; P

This study aims to establish a methodological framework for investigating deception in both spoken and written language production. A foundational premise is that the production of deceitful narratives induces a heightened cognitive load that has a discernable influence on linguistic processes during real-time language production. This study includes meticulous analysis of spoken and written data from two participants who told truthful and deceitful narratives. Spoken processes were captured through audio recordings and subsequently transcribed, while written processes were recorded using keystroke logging, resulting in final texts and corresponding linear representations of the writing activity. By grounding our study in a linguistic approach for understanding cognitive load indicators in language production, we demonstrate how linguistic processes, such as text length, pauses, fluency, revisions, repetitions, and reformulations can be used to capture instances of deception in both speaking and writing. Additionally, our findings underscore that markers of cognitive load are likely to be more discernible and more automatically measured in the written modality. This suggests that the collection and examination of writing processes have substantial potential for forensic applications. By highlighting the efficacy of analyzing both spoken and written modalities, this study provides a versatile methodological framework for studying deception during language production, which significantly enriches the existing forensic toolkit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThere are over 150,000 transgender adolescents in the United States, yet research on outcomes following gender-affirming mastectomy in this age group is limited. We evaluated gender-affirming mastectomy incidence, as well as postoperative complications, including regret, in adolescents within our integrated health care system.MethodsGender-affirming mastectomies performed from January 1, 2013 - July 31, 2020 in adolescents 12-17 years of age at the time of referral were identified. The incidence of gender-affirming mastectomy was calculated by dividing the number of patients undergoing these procedures by the number of adolescents assigned female at birth ages 12-17 within our system at the beginning of each year and amount of follow-up time within that year. Demographic information, clinical characteristics (comorbidities, mental health history, testosterone use), surgical technique, and complications, including mention of regret, of patients who underwent surgery were summarized. Patients with and without complications were compared to evaluate for differences in demographic or clinical characteristics using chi-squared tests.ResultsThe incidence of gender-affirming mastectomy increased 13-fold (3.7 to 47.7 per 100,000 person-years) during the study period. Of the 209 patients who underwent surgery, the median age at referral was 16 years (range 12-17) and the most common technique was double-incision (85%). For patients with greater than 1-year follow-up (n=137, 65.6%), at least one complication was found in 7.3% (n=10), which included hematoma (3.6%), infection (2.9%), hypertrophic scars requiring steroid injection (2.9%), seroma (0.7%), and suture granuloma (0.7%); 10.9 % underwent revision (n=15). There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics and clinical characteristics between those with and without complications (p>0.05). Two patients (0.95%) had documented postoperative regret but neither underwent reversal surgery at follow-up of 3 and 7 years postoperatively.ConclusionBetween 2013-2020, we observed a marked increase in gender-affirming mastectomies in adolescents. The prevalence of surgical complications was low and of over 200 adolescents who underwent surgery, only two expressed regret, neither of which underwent a reversal operation. Our study provides useful and positive guidance for adolescent patients, their families, and providers regarding favorable outcomes with gender-affirming mastectomy.

The article advocates for incorporating plain language into Minnesota's court rules, focusing on Rule 114 on Alternative Dispute Resolution. It emphasizes the need for clarity in legal documents, provides examples of clutter reduction and addressing legalese, and suggests larger revisions for improved readability. It argues that pairing legal innovation with a commitment to plain language is essential for ensuring easy comprehension and compliance with laws.

This study determined the degree to which students used peer feedback from Facebook to revise their writing papers and explored the students' perspectives on a framework of using a social network for peer commentaries. The study enrolled two intact groups, 40 students in the control group and 32 students in the experimental group, at a university in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The student's initial and final drafts, peer reviews, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The results indicated that 45% of changes were made in response to peer reviews, while 55% were made solely on the basis of the student's own judgments. Additionally, the overall number of revisions made by students was greater than the number of revisions caused by comments at higher levels such as "Clause,""Sentence," and "Paragraph." Numerous previous studies refuted the current study's results, raising questions for researchers/instructors considering using Facebook as a forum for their writing classes because the students become more responsible for developing their writing skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades many changes have been adopted in the fungal nomenclature, including the names of yeasts, to achieve a more natural and uniform systematics. The use of one correct name is essential for communication, the search for new knowledge, research studies or business purposes not only in the brewing branch. Nevertheless, how can such rapid progress be followed? The paper attempted to briefly explain the reasons for immense changes that have occurred in the taxonomic and nomenclatural system mainly as a result of modern molecular findings. The process of reclassification is demonstrated on a group of selected contaminants currently detected in Czech beers or breweries. This article presents several online databases that document the ongoing changes and make it easy for experts from various fields to find valid names.

The article focuses on the importance of mobile applications in enterprises with a focus on logistics in the service sector. In the theoretical part, individual software applications in the field of occupational health and safety, fire protection, which are used in Slovakia and the Czech Republic are clearly described. The article contains a brief overview of the legislative regulations on the basis of which the obligations for management decisions in enterprises arise. A telephone survey was conducted in 110 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises between 2022 and 2023 in order to determine the use of software solutions in ensuring the fulfilment of obligations in the field of occupational safety and health and fire protection. To collect data, research questions were set and a questionnaire was developed, which included 6 merit questions, identification questions and a specific question aimed at finding out the prioritisation of the most preferred mobile application features in the study area. The questions were closed-ended, with options where the respondent could choose only one answer. SPSS for Windows version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis and processing of the collected data. We used methods of statistical description, analysed using relative abundance, arithmetic mean, standard deviation and median. At the level of statistical inference, we used chi-square goodness-of-fit tests to analyse categorical variables. We also used nonparametric tests, Friedman analysis of variance, 3D pie charts, and 3D group bar charts. We found that business representatives had a significantly higher preference for the functionality "record of initial and recurrent BOZP and PO training", followed by the second most preferred functionality "OSH inspections and fire prevention inspections". The research focused on logistics enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Objectives: In spine surgery, accurate screw guidance is critical to achieving satisfactory fixation. Augmented reality (AR) is a novel technology to assist in screw placement and has shown promising results in early studies. This study aims to provide our early experience evaluating safety and efficacy with an Food and Drug Administration-approved head-mounted (head-mounted device augmented reality (HMD-AR)) device. Methods: Consecutive adult patients undergoing AR-assisted thoracolumbar fusion between October 2020 and August 2021 with 2 -week follow-up were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected to include demographics, complications, revision surgeries, and AR performance. Intraoperative 3D imaging was used to assess screw accuracy using the Gertzbein-Robbins (G-R) grading scale. Results: Thirty-two patients (40.6% male) were included with a total of 222 screws executed using HMD-AR. Intraoperatively, 4 (1.8%) were deemed misplaced and revised using AR or freehand. The remaining 218 (98.2%) screws were placed accurately. There were no intraoperative adverse events or complications, and AR was not abandoned in any case. Of the 208 AR-placed screws with 3D imaging confirmation, 97.1% were considered clinically accurate (91.8% Grade A, 5.3% Grade B). There were no early postoperative surgical complications or revision surgeries during the 2 -week follow-up. Conclusions: This early experience study reports an overall G-R accuracy of 97.1% across 218 AR-guided screws with no intra or early postoperative complications. This shows that HMD-AR-assisted spine surgery is a safe and accurate tool for pedicle, cortical, and pelvic fixation. Larger studies are needed to continue to support this compelling evolution in spine surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is rarely performed compared to other arthroplasties. For many surgical procedures, literature shows better outcomes when they are performed by experienced surgeons and in so-called ‘high-volume’ hospitals. We systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between surgical volume and outcomes following TEA. Methods: A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases. The literature was systematically reviewed for original studies comparing TEA outcomes among hospitals or surgeons with different annual or career volumes. For each study, data were collected on study design, indications for TEA, number of included patients, implant types, cut-off values for volume, number and types of complications, revision rate and functional outcome measures. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Two studies, which included a combined 2301 TEAs, found that higher surgeon volumes were associated with lower revision rates. The examined complication rates did not differ between high- and low-volume surgeons. In one study, low-hospital volume is associated with an increased risk of revision compared to high-volume hospitals, but for other complication types, no difference was found. Conclusions: Based on the results, the evidence suggests that high-volume centers have a lower revision rate in the long term. No minimum amount of procedures per year can be advised, as the included studies have different cut-off values between groups. As higher surgeon- and center-volume, (therefore presumably experience) appear to yield better outcomes, centralization of total elbow arthroplasty should be encouraged.

This study aims to establish a methodological framework for investigating deception in both spoken and written language production. A foundational premise is that the production of deceitful narratives induces a heightened cognitive load that has a discernable influence on linguistic processes during real-time language production. This study includes meticulous analysis of spoken and written data from two participants who told truthful and deceitful narratives. Spoken processes were captured through audio recordings and subsequently transcribed, while written processes were recorded using keystroke logging, resulting in final texts and corresponding linear representations of the writing activity. By grounding our study in a linguistic approach for understanding cognitive load indicators in language production, we demonstrate how linguistic processes, such as text length, pauses, fluency, revisions, repetitions, and reformulations can be used to capture instances of deception in both speaking and writing. Additionally, our findings underscore that markers of cognitive load are likely to be more discernible and more automatically measured in the written modality. This suggests that the collection and examination of writing processes have substantial potential for forensic applications. By highlighting the efficacy of analyzing both spoken and written modalities, this study provides a versatile methodological framework for studying deception during language production, which significantly enriches the existing forensic toolkit.

In this article, we critically review the changes made to the DSM-5 Text Revision published in 2022 regarding the diagnostic entity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We structure our critique around three points. The first discusses the acknowledgment of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The second examines the definition of ADHD provided in the updated edition of the manual. The third scrutinizes the changes in the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and assesses whether these changes make the diagnosis more accurate. We conclude that DSM's latest edition does not escape the logical and scientific pitfalls of its predecessor. DSM-5-TR keeps the faith in the neo-Kraepelinian paradigm by explicitly and implicitly cultivating the essentialist medical scientific metaphor of disorder, creating the illusion that it represents scientific progress that validates ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revisions can be characterized as a return journey into our research. They can be initiated by our sense of dissatisfaction with the existing text or be a response to reviewers' requests for changes and modifications. In any event, they are a complex task that needs to be handled with the right cognitive and mental frame.

The paper is devoted to the problem of identifying the text placed by Origen in the sixth column of the Hexapla, Theodotion’s revision. This text, along with the revisions of Aquila and Symmachus, was actively used by the Church Fathers in the exegesis of Old Testament texts (by Chrysostom, Theodorite, Jerome, etc.). In the middle of the 20th century, the prevailing opinion, which was probably going back to the blessed Jerome, attributed the authorship of this text to a certain Theodotion who lived in the 2nd century AD. Moreover, according to this opinion the translation of the book of Daniel in the Septuagint is also attributed to Theodotion. Since the second half of the 20th century, there has been a surge of research on the origin of the sixth column and its connection with Theodotion. Various studies have emerged that put forward a variety of new hypotheses. This was especially promoted by the discovery of the Greek Minor Prophets Scroll in 1952. The Russian-language literature has not covered this issue sufficiently. More or less competently, this problem was touched upon in an article in the Orthodox Encyclopedia. The present paper aims to view the problem of identifying the text of the sixth column of the Hexapla considering the following aspects: 1. The authorship and origin of Theodotion’s revision. 2. The question whether Theodotion (2nd century AD) mentioned by the Church Fathers had any relationship to the Greek translation of the Book of Daniel ascribed to him. 3. The questions whether the material collected by Origen in the sixth column is homogeneous and how it is connected with the historical Theodotion. 4. Characteristic features of Theodotion’s revision. Thus, the paper attempts to offer a complete picture of the revision of Theodotion through the resolution of the questions raised.

The ability to perform revisions targeting the content of the text is important for text quality improvement, and it is hypothesized that lower-level transcription processes need to be automatized in order to free up capacity for higher-level processes such as revision. However, for people with reading and writing difficulties due to underlying difficulties with decoding and spelling, the transcription process is rarely automatized because of their troubles with spelling. One possible way to circumvent spelling difficulties, and possibly gaining capacity for higher level processes such as revision, is to write using speech-to-text (STT). This study investigates the revisions performed when children with reading and writing difficulties (n = 16), and a reference group without such difficulties (n = 12), compose text using STT and using a keyboard. More specifically, the study investigates whether, and if so how, revisions at various levels, errors left in the final text product, and text quality differ between conditions and between groups. The compositions were logged using keystroke logging (keyboard) and audio- and screen-recording (STT). The level of revisions were manually coded. The results showed that children with reading and writing difficulties gain more from composing with STT compared to keyboard than the reference group. They leave fewer errors in their final text product when composing by means of STT, even though they need to engage more in the correction of surface errors because of the large number of STT errors. Despite the numerous STT errors, neither the proportion of meaning-related revisions nor text quality decreased in composing with STT (for either of the groups). Taken together, the results suggest, albeit not emphatically, that STT may be appropriate as a facilitatory tool for children with reading and writing difficulties. However, more research is needed to investigate instruction that addresses strategies for STT transcription and highlights the shortcomings of the tool in the target language, and also focuses specifically on higher-level aspects of composition such as planning or revising, in order to gain further knowledge about the feasibility of using STT as a means of composition for children who struggle with writing, and its possible effects over time.

In this article, we critically review the changes made to the DSM-5 Text Revision published in 2022 regarding the diagnostic entity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We structure our critique around three points. The first discusses the acknowledgment of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The second examines the definition of ADHD provided in the updated edition of the manual. The third scrutinizes the changes in the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and assesses whether these changes make the diagnosis more accurate. We conclude that DSM's latest edition does not escape the logical and scientific pitfalls of its predecessor. DSM-5-TR keeps the faith in the neo-Kraepelinian paradigm by explicitly and implicitly cultivating the essentialist medical scientific metaphor of disorder, creating the illusion that it represents scientific progress that validates ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder.

While accounting research has extensively examined initial guidance disclosures, the disclosures that managers make when initial forecasts become materially inaccurate have received much less attention. These updates are unique because managers are communicating that their initial forecasts are no longer correct. In this context, we examine how earnings forecast withdrawals affect managers' reporting reputation, relative to earnings revisions and nondisclosure. While managers face immediate negative market consequences after withdrawals, they enjoy reputational benefits (in the form of improved credibility) in the long run when guidance updates resume. In contrast, reporting reputation does not improve for managers who revise forecasts or for those who choose not to update at all. Difference-in-differences analyses confirm this incremental boost to credibility that is associated with withdrawals. This evidence suggests disclosing what managers do not know may be as important as disclosing what they do know when building a reporting reputation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper aims to present DISCUSSION ON International treaties and BASIS OF PROVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINES IN Criminal Law By using qualitative and analytical methods, descriptive method for primary model, synthesis and discussion methods, This study find out that: In the process of developing international cooperation, the trend of globalization in the field of environmental protection, the number of regulations regulating environmental products is increasing. Therefore, the principled development embodied in the drafting and application of regional and international conventions and codes becomes the model for the application of criminal liability measures to the behavior that is dangerous to society and infringes on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the implementation of Criterion, an automated writing evaluation system developed by ETS, as a source of diagnostic feedback on learners' linguistic performance in a Vietnamese EFL writing classroom. Thirty-eight second-year English majors had access to Criterion for a five-month period. Data include Criterion error tags on students' essays from multiple practice sessions, recorded think-aloud protocols as students engaged with the feedback for revisions, and first and revised drafts students submitted to Criterion. The main findings indicate Criterion's satisfactory precision and capacity to trigger various engagement strategies among learners, but reservations remain due to students' modest response accuracy and lack of substantive revisions to their texts. Important implications for formative feedback practices in EFL writing classrooms and the adaptation of Criterion's technical capacities are accordingly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of open science and technological innovation, using sharing data and molecular biology techniques in the study of taxonomy and systematics have become a crucial component of plants, which undoubtedly helps us discover more hidden outliers or deal with difficult taxa. In this paper, we take Dennstaedtia smithii as an example, based on sharing molecular database, virtual herbarium and plant photo bank, to clarify the outliers that have been hidden in Dennstaedtia and find the key morphological traits with consistent of molecular systematics. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, we used rbcL, rps4, psbA-trnH and trnL-F sequences from 5 new and 49 shared data; the results showed that Dennstaedtia smithii is nested within Microlepia rather than Dennstaedtia. We further studied the morphological characters based on the phylogeny result and found that D. smithii is distinguished from other species of Dennstaedtia by spore ornamentation and the unconnected of grooves between rachis and pinna rachis. According to morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, our results supported that D. smithii should be a new member of Microlepia and renamed Microlepia smithii (Hook.) Y.H. Yan. Finding hidden outliers can promote the consistency of morphological and molecular phylogenetic results, and make the systematic classification more natural.

This study examines the effect of 1096 analyst recommendation revisions on prices of Shariah-compliant and Shariah non-compliant listed securities in Bursa Malaysia over the period 2005-2016. The study finds that while stocks added-to-buy had positive abnormal returns, the stocks added-to-sell and remove-from-buy had negative abnormal returns in short- and long-term horizons. This finding shows that analysts’ recommendation revisions carry valuable information. Secondly, the study examined the effect of analysts’ recommendation revisions issued contemporaneously with earnings announcements and without earnings announcements on price reactions over various time horizons. The results show that earnings announcements can trigger analysts’ recommendation revisions because the investors react strongly to analysts’ recommendation revisions issued contemporaneously with earnings announcements. We find that performance differences of Shariah-compliant and Shariah non-compliant stocks in response to analysts’ recommendation revisions are often negligible. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that analysts’ recommendation revisions for Shariah-compliant companies often do not own any additional investment value than those for Shariah non-compliant stocks.

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems for hydrocephalus fail within the first year and 98% of all patients will have shunt failure in their lifetime. Obstruction remains the most common reason for shunt failure. Previous evidence suggests elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CSF are associated with worsening clinical outcomes in neuroinflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute towards shunt failure in hydrocephalus. Methods Using multiplex ELISA, this study examined shunt failure through the CSF protein concentration profiles of select pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as select MMPs. Interdependencies such as the past number of previous revisions, length of time implanted, patient age, and obstruction or non-obstruction revision were examined. The pro-inflammatory cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IFN-γ. The anti-inflammatory cytokines were IL-4 and IL-10, and the MMPs were MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9. Protein concentration is reported as pg/mL for each analyte. Results Patient CSF was obtained at the time of shunt revision operation; all pediatric (

Research on writing that focuses on what writers do when they compose shows that processes such as planning, transfer to writing and editing are recursive and affect the writing process of first and second language writers differently. To our knowledge, what has yet to be explored in research is the writing process of young bilingual students. The present study focused on the revisions and spelling errors made by 9-year-old bilingual students during a writing activity in their L2. Details about the writing process (e.g., revisions) were taken from statistics registered in the keystroke logging program ScriptLog and were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results from the quantitative analysis show that the mean proportion of the students' revisions is relatively low compared to results in previous research. The qualitative analysis showed both surface and meaning changes; the latter were found at both the micro- and macrostructural levels. Bilingual students exhibit a creative writing process in which several meaning changes occur in a language (in this case Swedish) that they are particularly competent in. The spelling error analysis indicated that the bilingual students make the same type of spelling errors as monolingual students in their initial stages of learning to write. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public information that becomes available after a manager's initial voluntary disclosure decision creates incentives for her to reconsider and possibly change that decision. We show that if she has private information that is value-relevant or that impacts the firm's ability to compete in its product market, the option to revise an initial disclosure decision in the face of a public release of information alters both the initial decision and the overall frequency of disclosure. These effects are amplified if she believes that public information arrival is more likely or if the firm's value is more sensitive to it. We also show that an increase in the initial disclosure cost reduces the probability of an initial disclosure and increases the probability of a subsequent disclosure. These effects are reversed if the cost of a subsequent disclosure increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a common sequelae leading to poorer neurological outcomes and predisposing to various complications. Methods: A total of 2191 consecutive patients with aSAH were acutely admitted to the Neurointensive Care at the Kuopio University Hospital between 1990 and 2018 from a defined population. A total of 349 (16%) aSAH patients received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, 101 with an adjustable valve (2012–2018), 232 with a fixed pressure valve (1990–2011), and 16 a valveless shunt (2010–2013). Clinical timelines were reconstructed from the hospital records and nationwide registries until death (n = 120) or June 2019. Results: Comparing the adjustable valves vs. the fixed pressure valves vs. the valveless shunts, intraventricular hemorrhage was present in 61%, 44% and 100%, respectively. The median times to the shunt were 7 days vs. 38 days vs. 10 days. The rates of the first revision were 25% vs. 32% vs. 69%. The causes included infection in 11% vs. 7% vs. 25% and overdrainage in 1% vs. 4% vs. 31%. The valveless shunt was the only independent risk factor (HR 2.9) for revision. After the first revision, more revisions were required in 48% vs. 52% vs. 45%. Conclusions: The protocol to shunt evolved over time to favor earlier shunt. In post-aSAH hydrocephalus, adjustable valve shunts, without anti-siphon device, can be installed at an early phase after aSAH, in spite of intraventricular blood, with a modest risk (25%) of revision. Valveless shunts are not recommendable due to high risk of revisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to explore if, and if so, how Rabih Alameddine, Kim Addonizio, and Kellie Wells have managed to sustain, replicate, disregard, or redefine the patriarchal ideology customarily associated to gender issues within the fairy-tale tradition. What is really striking is that, several decades after the revisionist project undertaken by the "Angela Carter generation", these new voices experimenting with the field of fairy tales still feel the need to revisit the same mythemes and fight against the same ideology and values that pervaded twentieth century retellings of fairy tales. The subversive potential of the fairy tale retellings seems to have been surpassed by the powerful agenda of a patriarchal social system, which, despite the social, psychological and political changes, still retains its status quo.

Background: Approximately 30% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems for hydrocephalus fail within the first year and 98% of all patients will have shunt failure in their lifetime. Obstruction remains the most common reason for shunt failure. Previous evidence suggests elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CSF are associated with worsening clinical outcomes in neuroinflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute towards shunt failure in hydrocephalus. Methods: Using multiplex ELISA, this study examined shunt failure through the CSF protein concentration profiles of select pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as select MMPs. Interdependencies such as the past number of previous revisions, length of time implanted, patient age, and obstruction or non-obstruction revision were examined. The pro-inflammatory cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IFN-γ. The anti-inflammatory cytokines were IL-4 and IL-10, and the MMPs were MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9. Protein concentration is reported as pg/mL for each analyte. Results: Patient CSF was obtained at the time of shunt revision operation; all pediatric (< 18), totaling n = 38. IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 demonstrated significantly increased concentrations in patient CSF for the non-obstructed subgroup. Etiological examination revealed IL-6 was increased in both obstructed and non-obstructed cases for PHH and congenital hydrocephalic patients, while IL-8 was higher only in PHH patients. In terms of number of past revisions, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9 progressively increased from zero to two past revisions and then remained low for subsequent revisions. This presentation was notably absent in the obstruction subgroup. Shunts implanted for three months or less showed significantly increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-7 in the obstruction subgroup. Lastly, only patients aged six months or less presented with significantly increased concentration of IL-8 and MMP-7. Conclusion: Non-obstructive cases are reported here to accompany significantly higher CSF cytokine and MMP protein levels compared to obstructive cases for IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. A closer examination of the definition of obstruction and the role neuroinflammation plays in creating shunt obstruction in hydrocephalic patients is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to explore if and, if so, how Rabih Alameddine, Kim Addonizio, and Kellie Wells have managed to sustain, replicate, disregard, or redefine the patriarchal ideology customarily associated to gender issues within the fairy-tale tradition. What is really striking is that, several decades after the revisionist project undertaken by the "Angela Carter generation", these new voices experimenting with the field of fairy tales still feel the need to revisit the same mythemes and fight against the same ideology and values that pervaded twentiethcentury retellings of fairy tales. The subversive potential of the fairy tale retellings seems to have been surpassed by the powerful agenda of a patriarchal social system, which, despite the social, psychological, and political changes, still retains its status quo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on writing that focuses on what writers do when they compose shows that processes such as planning, transfer to writing and editing are recursive and affect the writing process of first and second language writers differently. To our knowledge, what has yet to be explored in research is the writing process of young bilingual students. The present study focused on the revisions and spelling errors made by 9-year-old bilingual students during a writing activity in their L2. Details about the writing process (e.g., revisions) were taken from statistics registered in the keystroke logging program ScriptLog and were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results from the quantitative analysis show that the mean proportion of the students’ revisions is relatively low compared to results in previous research. The qualitative analysis showed both surface and meaning changes; the latter were found at both the micro- and macrostructural levels. Bilingual students exhibit a creative writing process in which several meaning changes occur in a language (in this case Swedish) that they are particularly competent in. The spelling error analysis indicated that the bilingual students make the same type of spelling errors as monolingual students in their initial stages of learning to write.

The author reflects on revised guidelines for academic institutions interested in their Master of Science degree (MSc) students being entered for the Market Research Society's (MRS's) Accredited Masters Award. Topics include the creation of the "International Journal of Market Research (IJMR)" Collaboration Award, an overview of the Accredited Masters Award, and four key issues that create a gap between the needs and expectations of marketers and academic communities.

The article distinguishes between revisionist and orthodox readings of Capital and identifies two waves of innovations in Marxist political economy. The first produced the classical theories of imperialism; the second produced a diversity of Neo-Marxisms and new orthodoxies sowing the seeds for the 1000 Marxisms developing in the age of neoliberal globalisation. Reading all of these approaches to Marxist Political Economy in context, the article suggests and offers a key to the understanding of capitalist development and socialist movements in the 20th century. Using them as background for a new reading of Capital also allows an understanding of contemporary capitalism and considerations of socialist futures.

This essay offers a close reading of recent work by Glasgow-based artist Kate Davis to argue that her practice engages iconoclasm in ways importantly modified by her feminist commitments. Often Davis’s source material has significant historical, political or art historical import, as in her works dealing with the Suffragist attack on Velásquez’s Rokeby Venus in 1914. What is at stake in her ‘re-visioning’ of such moments, which often involves labour-intensive drawing as a key method, is a formal commitment to a kind of delicate or caring vandalism, often pursued through labour-intensive drawing (iconoclasm as a means of making images) and a specifically feminist contention with existing hierarchies of value and systems of representation (iconoclasm as contestation). To reckon with these stakes, Jean-Luc Nancy’s account of ‘the pleasure in drawing’ and the feminist concept of the ‘work of love’ are brought into relation with Davis’s work.

The Chinese species of Phorocardius Fleutiaux, 1931 have been studied and six species are described as new: P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.; P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.; P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.; P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.; P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.; and P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Cardiophorus comptus Candèze, 1860, Cardiophorus contemptus Candèze, 1860, Phorocardius magnus Fleutiaux, 1931, and Cardiophorus manuleatus Candèze, 1888. The holotype is identified for Cardiophorus yanagiharae Miwa, 1927. Phorocardius florentini (Fleutiaux, 1895) and P. manuleatus (Candèze, 1888) are newly reported from China; P. comptus (Candèze, 1860) is excluded from the Chinese fauna. A key to the 11 Phorocardius species known from China is given. Phorocardius is newly recorded from deep within the Palearctic Region. The procoxal cavities of P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. are closed, which is different from all other species of Phorocardius. An annotated checklist of the 21 Phorocardius species of the world is provided. Additionally, Phorocardius contemptus (Candèze, 1860), comb. nov. is transferred from Cardiophorus to Phorocardius; four species are transferred from Phorocardius to Displatynychus: Displatynychus bombycinus (Candèze, 1895), comb. nov., Displatynychus pakistanicus (Platia & Ahmed, 2016), comb. nov., Displatynychus sobrinus (Laporte, 1840), comb. nov., and Displatynychus tibialis (Platia & Ahmed, 2016), comb. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alpha taxonomy of the endemic whitefish of lakes Brienz and Thun, Switzerland, is revised. We evaluate the status of seven known species: Coregonus steinmanni sp. nov., Coregonus profundus sp. nov. and Coregonus acrinasus sp. nov. are endemic to Lake Thun; Coregonus brienzii sp. nov. is endemic to Lake Brienz; and C. alpinus, C. albellus, and C. fatioi from lakes Brienz and Thun are redescribed. One of these species, C. alpinus, is revised, since the lectotype for this species is incongruent with the species description given by Kottelat (1997) and Kottelat and Freyhof (2007). The name C. alpinus is thus retained for the lectotype designated by Kottelat (1997) and a new description of this taxon provided. For the species otherwise described by Kottelat (1997) and Kottelat and Freyhof (2007) as C. alpinus the new name C. profundus is designated. Coregonus acrinasus is genetically partially of allochthonous origin, closely related to the radiation of Lake Constance, and we therefore compare it to all recognized species of Lake Constance, C. wartmanni, C. macrophthalmus, C. arenicolus, and C. gutturosus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory serves as the WMO/GAW Central Calibration Laboratory (CCL) for CO2 and is responsible for maintaining the WMO/GAW mole fraction scale used as a reference within the WMO/GAW program. The current WMO-CO2-X2007 scale is embodied by 15 aluminum cylinders containing natural air, with CO2 mole fractions determined using the NOAA manometer from 1995 to 2006. We have made two minor corrections to historical manometric records: fixing an error in the applied second virial coefficient of CO2, and accounting for loss of a small amount of CO2 to materials in the manometer during the measurement process. By incorporating these corrections, extending the measurement records of the original 15 primary standards through 2015, and adding four new primary standards to the suite, we define a new scale, identified as WMO-CO2-X2019. The new scale is 0.18 µmol mol-1 (ppm) greater than the previous scale at 400 ppm CO2. While this difference is small in relative terms (0.045%), it is significant in terms of atmospheric monitoring. All measurements of tertiary-level standards will be reprocessed to WMO-CO2-X2019. The new scale is more internally consistent than WMO-CO2-X2007 owing to revisions in propagation, and should result in an overall improvement in atmospheric data records traceable to the CCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russula subsection Amoeninae is morphologically defined by a dry velvety pileus surface, a complete absence of cystidia with heteromorphous contents in all tissues, and spores without amyloid suprahilar spot. Thirty-four species within subsection Amoeninae have been published worldwide. Although most Russula species in South Korea have been assigned European or North American names, recent molecular studies have shown that Russula species from different continents are not conspecific. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) define which species of Russula subsection Amoeninae occur on each continent using molecular phylogenetic analyses; 2) revise the taxonomy of Korean Amoeninae. The phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and multilocus sequences showed that subsection Amoeninae is monophyletic within subgenus Heterophyllidiae section Heterophyllae. A total of 21 Russula subsection Amoeninae species were confirmed from Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and Central America, and species from different continents formed separate clades. Three species were recognized from South Korea and were clearly separated from the European and North American species. These species are R. bella, also reported from Japan, a new species described herein, Russula orientipurpurea, and a new species undescribed due to insufficient material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endemic Neotropical genus Gaujonia Dognin is revised. Morphological characters and a phylogenetic analysis demonstrate paraphyletic relationships among the species. Four different groups are interpreted to represent four different genera. The G. arbosi group is the only remaining clade in the genus Gaujonia, and the other groups have been arranged into three new genera: Millerana gen. nov., Oculicattus gen. nov., and Cicadoforma gen. nov. Additionally, two other genera Cicadomorphus gen. nov., and Gaujoptera gen. nov. were found using morphological and molecular analyses based on some specimens that were misidentified as Gaujonia spp. A total of five new genera, three new combinations (Cicadoforma vau-nigrum Hampson, comb. nov., Oculicattus renifera Hampson, comb. nov., and Millerana arbosioides Dognin, comb. nov.) and 21 new species (Cicadoforma ocelotus sp. nov., Cicadomorphus chicharra sp. nov., Cicadomorphus chuya sp. nov., Cicadomorphus falkasiska sp. nov., Cicadomorphus lilianae sp. nov., Gaujonia bichu sp. nov., Gaujonia chiqyaq sp. nov., Gaujonia kanakusika sp. nov., Gaujonia sourakovi sp. nov., Gaujoptera amsa sp. nov., Millerana austini sp. nov., Millerana cajas sp. nov., Millerana cundinamarquensis sp. nov., Millerana matthewsae sp. nov., Millerana tigrina sp. nov., Oculicattus boliviana sp. nov., Oculicattus brehmi sp. nov., Oculicattus inca sp. nov., Oculicattus raizae sp. nov., Oculicattus schmidti sp. nov., and Oculicattus uturunku sp. nov.) are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Archipini fauna of the Caribbean is revised to include 33 species. Most previously described species occurring in the region are redescribed and figured, with 13 new species: Argyrotaenia browni sp. nov., A. cryptica sp. nov. (including A. c. cryptica ssp. nov. and A. c. praeteritana ssp. nov.), A. paradisei sp. nov., A. razowskiana sp. nov., Claduncaria rawlinsana sp. nov., Cla. praedictana sp. nov., Cla. taino sp. nov., Clepsis davisi sp. nov., Cle. deroni sp. nov., Cle. jamesstewarti sp. nov., Cle. peroniae sp. nov., Mictocommosis lesleyae sp. nov., and Mictopsichia nyhllinda sp. nov. Three new combinations are proposed: Claduncaria mesosignaria (Razowski, 1999), comb. nov. (including Argyrotaenia thamaluncus Razowski, 1999, syn. nov.), Claduncaria minisignaria (Razowski, 1999), comb. nov., and Claduncaria chalarostium (Razowski & Becker, 2000b), comb. nov., stat. nov. Argyrotaenia granpiedrae Razowski & Becker, 2010 is reduced to subspecies rank under Argyrotaenia ceramica Razowski, 1999, resulting in Argyrotaenia ceramica granpiedrae Razowski & Becker, 2010, stat. nov. Four new synonymies are proposed: Clepsis labisclera Razowski & Becker, 2010, syn. nov. as junior synonym of Claduncaria maestrana Razowski & Becker, 2010; Clepsis pinaria Razowski & Becker, 2010, syn. nov. as junior synonym of Clepsis peritana (Clemens, 1860); and Argyrotaenia neibana Razowski, 1999, syn. nov. and A. ochrochroa Razowski, 1999 syn. nov. as junior synonyms of Argyrotaenia amatana (Dyar, 1901). Males of Argyrotaenia felisana Razowski, 1999, A. nuezana Razowski, 1999, and Claduncaria minisignaria (Razowski, 1999), comb. nov. are described for the first time; females of Argyrotaenia jamaicana (Razowski & Becker, 2000a) and Claduncaria ochrochlaena (Razowski, 1999) are described for the first time. The concept of Claduncaria is expanded and its diagnosis is modified to more clearly define its generic boundaries. A unique external sexual coupling mechanism in Claduncaria is discussed. Keys to the genera and species of Caribbean Archipini, distribution maps, a regional checklist, and Neighbor-joining and Maximum Likelihood trees based on COI barcode data are provided. Phylogenetic relationships among Caribbean Archipini are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

412 species-group names (including 11 replacement names), and 14 genus-group names of the Alycaeidae have been introduced to date. Type materials of 85% (336) of the known species and subspecies were examined, a further 5% (19) of the taxa were studied using available non-type material, and for another 6% (22) the original descriptions were sufficiently detailed to evaluate their taxonomic status. Only 3% of the taxa (12) could not be examined. Special attention was paid to the sculpture of the embryonic whorls and the sutural tube-microtunnel system in order to provide a novel classification for this group. In this study 363 taxa (320 species or 43 subspecies) are accepted within the family Alycaeidae. Of these, 22 have been described by the lead author and his coauthors in previous publications. In addition, there are 18 species that were formerly classified in Cycloryx and now belong to Pincerna due to its synonymy with Cycloryx. Among the remaining 323 species, 209 (65%) are transferred here to another genus, whilst 114 (35%) have remained in their original genus. Seven genera are accepted. While some questions (e.g., the distinction between Pincerna and Alycaeus) remained unanswered, this revision made three main achievements: (1) The Dicharax species were identified based on the absence of spiral striation on the entire shell; (2) the Metalycaeus species were identified based on the spiral striation of the protoconch; (3) and Stomacosmethis was separated from Alycaeus based on the extremely short sutural tube. Five nominal species are being synonymised with other species, and eight species are now treated as subspecies. The following replacement names are proposed: Dioryx urnula niosiensis Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus urnula var. daflaensis Godwin-Austen, 1914; Dioryx urnula rotundus Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus urnula var. globosus Godwin-Austen, 1914; Pincerna crenilabris juttingae Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus crenilabris laevis van Benthem Jutting, 1959; Pincerna crenilabris korintjiensis Páll- Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus crenilabris latecostatus van Benthem Jutting, 1959; Dicharax conicus jatingaensis Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus conicus var. nanus Godwin-Austen, 1914; Metalycaeus godwinausteni Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus neglectus Godwin-Austen, 1914; and finally Metalycaeus suhajdai Páll-Gergely, nom. nov. for Alycaeus varius Godwin-Austen, 1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fossil species of Thaumatodryinus from Dominican amber are studied, and the first revision is presented with a key to the known taxa. We recognize three species, T. miocenicus Olmi, 1995, T. priscus (Olmi, 1998), comb. nov. and T. fuscescens sp. nov. The current classification of the genus and relationships between fossil and living species are discussed. Comments on the host records for Thaumatodryinus are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) classifies the impacts caused by alien species in their introduced range in standardised terms across taxa and recipient environments. Impacts are classified into one of five levels of severity, from Minimal Concern to Massive, via one of 12 impact mechanisms. Here, we explain revisions based on an IUCN-wide consultation process to the previously-published EICAT framework and guidelines, to clarify why these changes were necessary. These changes mainly concern: the distinction between the two highest levels of impact severity (Major and Massive impacts), the scenarios of the five levels of severity for the hybridisation and disease transmission mechanisms, the broadening of existing impact mechanisms to capture overlooked mechanisms, the Current (Maximum) Impact, and the way uncertainty of individual impact assessments is evaluated. Our aim in explaining this revision process is to ensure consistency of EICAT assessments, by improving the understanding of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morocco has a diverse bee fauna, but one that has also been relatively understudied in recent years. Here a revision of the species-rich genus Andrena is presented that reveals eleven new species for science and substantially improves our understanding of North African Andrena. From Morocco, Andrena (Aciandrena) semiadesus Wood, sp. nov., Andrena (Aciandrena) triangulivalvis Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Campylogaster) sparsipunctata Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Carandrena) hebescens Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Cnemidandrena) niveofacies Wood sp. nov., Andrena (incertae sedis) tenebricorpus Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Notandrena) acutidentis Wood sp. nov., Andrena (Poliandrena) breviceps Wood sp. nov., and Andrena (Poliandrena) farinosoides Wood sp. nov. are described and their ecology is discussed. Andrena (Aciandrena) astrella Warncke, 1975 is synonymised with Andrena (Aciandrena) fulica Warncke, 1974 syn. nov. The unknown female of Andrena (Nobandrena) ounifa Warncke, 1974, and the unknown male of Andrena (Poliandrena) guichardi Warncke, 1980 are described. Andrena (incertae sedis) gafsensis Wood sp. nov. from Tunisia is described due to its similarity to Andrena tenebricorpus. Andrena (Poecilandrena) nigriclypeus Wood sp. nov. from Algeria is also described as it was collected within 10 km of the Moroccan border. A further 18 species are recorded in Morocco for the first time. Andrena (Melandrena) nitida (Müller, 1776) and Andrena (Notandrena) nitidiuscula Schenck, 1853 are removed from the Moroccan list due to historic problems in the application of these names to Mediterranean taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image captioning, a challenging task where the machine automatically describes an image with natural language, has drawn significant attention in recent years. Despite the remarkable improvements of recent approaches, however, these methods are built upon a large set of training image-sentence pairs. The expensive labor efforts hence limit the captioning model to describe the wider world. In this paper, we present a novel network structure, Cascaded Revision Network, which aims at relieving the problem by equipping the model with out-of-domain knowledge. CRN first tries its best to describe an image using the existing vocabulary from in-domain knowledge. Due to the lack of out-of-domain knowledge, the caption may be inaccurate or include ambiguous words for the image with unknown (novel) objects. We propose to re-edit the primary captioning sentence by a series of cascaded operations. We introduce a perplexity predictor to find out which words are most likely to be inaccurate given the input image. Thereafter, we utilize external knowledge from a pretrained object detection model and select more accurate words from detection results by the visual matching module. In the last step, we design a semantic matching module to ensure that the novel object is fit in the right position. By this novel cascaded captioning-revising mechanism, CRN can accurately describe images with unseen objects. We validate the proposed method with state-of-the-art performance on the held-out MSCOCO dataset as well as scale to ImageNet, demonstrating the effectiveness of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Peronia Fleming, 1822 includes all the onchidiid slugs with dorsal gills. Its taxonomy is revised for the first time based on a large collection of fresh material from the entire Indo-West Pacific, from South Africa to Hawaii. Nine species are supported by mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (ITS2 and 28S) sequences as well as comparative anatomy. All types available were examined and the nomenclatural status of each existing name in the genus is addressed. Of 31 Peronia species-group names available, 27 are regarded as invalid (twenty-one synonyms, sixteen of which are new, five nomina dubia, and one homo- nym), and four as valid: Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804), Peronia verruculata (Cuvier, 1830), Peronia platei (Hoffmann, 1928), and Peronia madagascariensis (Labbé, 1934a). Five new species names are created: P. griffithsi Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. okinawensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. setoensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., P. sydneyensis Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov., and P. willani Dayrat & Goulding, sp. nov. Peronia species are cryptic externally but can be distinguished using internal characters, with the exception of P. platei and P. setoensis. The anatomy of most species is described in detail here for the first time. All the secondary literature is commented on and historical specimens from museum collections were also examined to better establish species distributions. The genus Peronia includes two species that are widespread across the Indo-West Pacific (P. verruculata and P. peronii) as well as endemic species: P. okinawensis and P. setoensis are endemic to Japan, and P. willani is endemic to Northern Territory, Australia. Many new geographical records are provided, as well as a key to the species using morphological traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies provide an analysis of conservative two-stage revision of hip periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and its impact on final outcome. A conservative revision is defined when soft tissues and bone quality enable the use of primary prosthetic components. Data of patients treated for chronic hip PJI who underwent two-stage revision between 2009 and 2016 and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up were collected. Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Harris Hip Score (HHS) and radiological and microbiological data were retrieved and analysed. Clinical and functional outcome, survival, mortality, eradication, reinfection and re-revision rates within subgroups of patients with primary components and revision components are reported herein. A total of 148 patients underwent two-stage hip exchange with a mean follow-up of 55.6 ± 23.1 months and a mean age at surgery of 64.3 ± 12.7 years. Forty-four percent of patients underwent conservative revision. The mean HHS significantly improved from 40.6 ± 9.4 points to the final value of 87.8 ± 10.5 points (p =.002), and the mean OHS went from 20.3 ± 3.8 points to 40.3 ± 5. points (p<.001). Patients who were treated with primary components or isolated revision stems in the second stage had a significant reduction in surgical times (p<.001). The mortality rate for all causes of death was 6.8%, the eradication rate was 89.9%, the reinfection rate was 4.7% and the reoperation rate was 7.4% without differences between conservative and non-conservative revisions. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty for total hip arthroplasty (THA) PJI is a good strategy that provides satisfactory results, high eradication rates and no further need for revision. The conservative two-stage revision in patients with adequate bone stock represents a feasible option with good results and survival rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]