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The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) mandate has pushed the debate on how to educate the limited English proficient child to the forefront. Thus, criticism abounds in several states surrounding the effectiveness of bilingual education programs in our nation's public schools. The opponents state that bilingual education is not working; it is an expensive funding pursuit for school districts; and that school children who receive such services are not performing any better academically than their peers who receive their instruction in English. On the other hand, the proponents of bilingual education claim that non-English speaking children must receive their academic instruction in their dominant language as second language acquisition learners. They need to acquire the language first before learning can result. Opponents further report that bilingual education program effectiveness in our schools is greatly misunderstood, and the increase of anti-immigrant sentiment and resentment toward special treatment for minority groups in our country has impacted the support of the English Only movement. This article takes a look at the historical background of bilingual education and the impact of the English Only movement. In the article, the author reviews briefly both sides of the debate.

Women are underrepresented on local school boards. In a 1975 national survey, one-third of all school board members reported that not a single woman was serving on their school board. The research suggests that the presence of women on local boards of education contributes in a meaningful way to a healthier, more realistic, and open atmosphere of decision-making. Boards with at least two women members were less likely to conceal the decision-making process from the public and did, in fact, have more internal conflict. Women respondents emphasized the importance of "hearing complaints and grievances of parents" and "maintaining contact with state and federal legislators" substantially more than did their male counterparts. A survey of school superintendents found that most had negative opinions about women school board members. Suggestions are made for actions to combat sex discrimination in this area. (Author/MLF)

We develop and test theory regarding the effect of CEO paranoia, defined as stable tendencies toward suspicion, feelings of ill will or resentment, mistrust, and belief in external control or influence, on firm stakeholder engagement. We theorize that because CEOs higher in paranoia have tendencies toward hypervigilance and the biases of self-as-target and sinister attributions they typically avoid engagement with external stakeholders. Further, we argue that CEOs higher in paranoia are subject to paranoid activation when confronted with trait-relevant cues that confirm suspicions of being targeted by a malevolent external entity (here, regulatory rulings or rival attacks), thus eliciting a shift away from avoidance to a more aggressive engagement with those stakeholders. To do so, we develop a content-analytic measure of CEO paranoia following both theory and evidence in psychology and methodological best practices, finding evidence that broadly supports our premise. In total, our study draws attention to how the manifestation of CEO paranoia changes the way CEOs engage stakeholders over time, contributing to understanding in multiple ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Resentment towards the Chinese population was perceived during the first months of the pandemic because the pandemic/disease started in that country. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the perception of resentment towards the Chinese in Latin America during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted during the second semester of the pandemic in more than a dozen countries. Four questions were asked about the perception of resentment towards the Chinese (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.88); those with the highest scores on the sum of the four questions were considered to have "more resentment towards the Chinese," and descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: Of the 7721 respondents, in the multivariate analysis, it was found that there was a difference according to the country; compared to Peru, those who had more resentment towards the Chinese were those residing in Paraguay (aPR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.17–1.42; p-value < 0.001) and Bolivia (aPR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.37–1.68; p-value < 0.001), while Chile (aPR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69–0.88; p-value < 0.001) had less resentment: 0.69–0.88; p-value < 0.001), Mexico (aPR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.57–0.80; p-value < 0.001), Panama (aPR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.59–0.86; p-value < 0.001) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.49–0.85; p-value = 0.002). Discussion: There was a significant difference in resentment for each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are more likely to exit from entrepreneurship for personal reasons; such exits are deemed uneventful and voluntary. We critically evaluate such assumptions by adopting a gendered critique to unpack the nature of such personal reasons arguing that they largely relate to the stress of accommodating incompatible caring/domestic and entrepreneurial labour demands. This, we argue, leads to forced voluntarism which, for many women, instigates conflicting notions of regret, relief and resentment. To explore these arguments, we draw upon in-depth interviews with 16 United Kingdom women entrepreneurs who had voluntarily exited from their ventures citing personal reasons. The evidence describes how women made sense of the decision-making process to exit from entrepreneurship questioning the voluntary nature of the exit decision. We conclude by noting how once again, gendered assumptions conceal the contradictory demands women encounter when trying to reconcile the needs of the household and of their ventures analysing the implications this has for how exit decisions are categorised and the false picture this presents of alleged voluntarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the insights of photo-elicitation interviews as a methodological genre for understanding how people construct narratives of a memorial associated with colonialism. We argue that the interaction with photographs made the research participants feel more comfortable and at ease sharing their perspectives on the Savorgnan de Brazza Memorial, and the most salient benefit of the method derived from how people express their feelings and emotions. As our empirical data show, using photographs allows to capture people's deep resentment against the Memorial and how they protest the contrast between the lavish Memorial on the hand, and the derelict statues honouring local historical figures on the other hand. Unlike words-only interviews, the photo-elicitation interviews offered the opportunity for the participants to visually explore the aesthetic, the magnitude and the footprint of the Memorial and to compare it to similar artefacts in the city of Brazzaville. Such contrast, and the emotions that they triggered, would not have been possible to capture if the participants were not exposed to the photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spencer M. Smith's article delves into the metaphysical analysis of relation-response properties, cautioning against collapsing properties like prideworthiness into their grounds. He critiques theories that disregard word structure in philosophical discussions, using examples from prominent philosophers to illustrate his point. The text specifically focuses on theories of blameworthiness, distinguishing between Response-Dependent (RD) and Response-Independent (RI) theories and emphasizing the importance of faithfulness in analyzing these properties. Smith concludes by highlighting the significance of maintaining flexibility and lightness in theorizing about relation-response properties. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slovenská Literatúra: Revue Pre Literárnu Vedu is the property of Institute of Slovak Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Why have public reactions to police misconduct been so polarized, and why have opposing social movements emerged in response? This study explores attributions of police misconduct, using a myriad of possible attributions and a population-matched national sample (N = 700), to extend our understanding of the perceived causes of police misconduct and who holds which attributions, focusing on race, racial attitudes, and political ideology. We find that attributions could be divided into (a) multifaceted attributions—the belief that misconduct has multiple causes; and (b) excusatory attributions—the belief that misconduct is caused by factors external to police officers and agencies. Endorsement of these attributions stems from racial and political attitudes, with mediation analyses finding that race plays an indirect role in endorsing attributions of police misconduct. As such, efforts to address police misconduct face not only a political power struggle but also a racially attitudinal one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the unfinished sentences technique has become increasingly popular, especially for identifying everyday interpretations of concepts with ambiguous connotations (e.g., patriotism, heroism, etc.). The authors applied the unfinished sentences technique to study the phenomenon of cancel culture, which has been included in the scientific discourse relatively recently. The article presents different approaches to the definition and study of cancel culture, focusing on possible consequences of this phenomenon for society, and some concepts that are associated with cancel culture and can provide (albeit partial) explanation for it. The article describes the procedure and results of the exploratory study conducted by the authors and based on the unfinished sentences technique. Thus, respondents tend to define cancel culture as a means of influence used by society in case of unacceptable behavior. Respondents believe that no one is safe from “cancellation”, but decent people are less likely to be among the “cancelled”. Contrary to the media position, respondents more often associate cancellation not with media personalities (as its most likely objects) but with everyday immorality and stupidity; therefore, in general, attempts to cancel someone are perceived negatively based on the belief that cancel culture leads to emotional and social problems. As a rule, respondents consider actors with abnormal behavior (criminals, dishonest people, etc.) as deserving cancellation, thus, considering cancel culture as a means of protecting society from the destructive behavior of its members. If “cancellation” affects their personal interests, respondents would use the following tactics: in case of their “cancelling” respondents would prefer to correct their mistakes; if their loved ones are cancelled, respondents would focus on support and assistance; if the organization whose services respondents use is cancelled, they would rather be indifferent, since this situation does not directly affect their personality or self-perception.

Ulrika Carlsson has argued that it its justified to harbor non-moral resentment towards a person with whom one is unrequitedly in love. Anca Gheaus has rejected this with convincing arguments. This text explores the question of whether Gheaus' verdict changes if the person being loved has previously flirted with the loving person. For this, it is first relevant what flirting actually is and how it relates to falling in love and love. On this basis, it is argued here that in the case of flirting, the non-moral resentment of the loved person defended by Carlsson is appropriate. By flirting, he or she has contributed to the unrequited love, even if he or she cannot be held responsible for it in a moral sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of emotions in politics is drawing increasing scholarly attention. Yet, despite this heightened interest, the ways in which politicians concretely appeal to emotions of their target audience are still blurry. Let aside how they do so in different contexts. This article focuses on an affect that is frequently mentioned as the key driver explaining the electoral appeal of populist radical right-wing parties (PRRPs): resentment. In that respect, several authors have used the term "the politics of resentment," even though the exact definition of resentment often remains unclear. In this article, we theorize what resentment precisely is and how it is used politically, and hypothesize how it is mobilized in different ways by PRR parties in different contexts. Empirically, then, we employ content analysis to study a corpus of party documents of PRRPs in three West and two East European countries from 2004 onwards and identify three types of resentment mobilized by the radical right: (1) redistributive resentment; (2) recognitory resentment; and (3) retributive resentment. Despite being expressed in a more heterogeneous way than we theoretically expected, these forms of resentment share important commonalities that, we argue, can help to better understand the electoral appeal of radical right-wing parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Producing Human Life or Protecting Wildlife? People, Park, and Space on Siberut Island, Indonesia" delves into the tensions between conservation efforts and Indigenous land use on Siberut Island, focusing on the establishment of Siberut National Park and its impact on the Mentawai villagers. It explores the complex social, cultural, and political dynamics involved in the production of space within protected areas, emphasizing the need for understanding and negotiation between conservation agencies and Indigenous communities. The text highlights the traditional land and forest claims of the Mentawai people, their reliance on the forest for sustenance and identity, and the challenges they face due to conservation interventions. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista de Filosofía (0185-3481) is the property of Universidad Iberoamericana Cuidad de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to review the role that emotions play in populism, specifically ressentiment, and how it is strategically used on social media platforms to create polarization. Firstly, I define the two of the main characteristics that populism has had over time: the agonistic struggle between a people and an elite, and charismatic leadership. Secondly, I examine the significance of resentment as a political emotion and how it operates in extreme right-wing populism. Thirdly, I review how resentment has been applied in the context of social media and how these platforms offer the most effective means to generate social mobilization based on emotions through storytelling, which can anticipate the reactions of the public or users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editorial discusses the rise of populist radical right-wing parties in Europe and the US, highlighting the need for research on the affective underpinnings of their appeal. Scholars emphasize the role of emotions in political behavior, with a focus on both positive and negative affects. The research aims to address gaps in the literature by exploring how emotions drive support for these parties and how they are used in political discourse, with a particular focus on Western and Central Eastern European contexts. [Extracted from the article]

Why is contempt seen as potentially lacking in the respect for persons and therefore prima facie subject to negative moral evaluation? This paper starts by looking at a distinctive feature of contempt in the context of thick relationships, such as those of friendship, close professional collaboration, or romantic love: there is an irreversibility effect attached to the experience of contempt. Once contempt occurs in a thick relationship, it seems very difficult to return to non-contemptuous reactive attitudes. The second part argues that the irreversibility effect is due to the fact that contempt is an affective attitude which tends to invisibilize the person who is the object of contempt. The tendency to invisibilize is inscribed in the intentional structure of contempt as well as in its motivational dimension. The final part explores some consequences of this hypothesis, and in particular argues that it also explains why contempt motivated by abject wrongdoing, as opposed to resentment, anger, or hatred, tends to block any process of forgiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay deals with the law and revenge issue, questioning the fundamental assumption according to which the law, by its own nature, should act as a substitute for vengeance. Provided that both law and revenge have their common grounds on the different, and at times conflicting, feelings of resentment and loyalty, the paper maintains that law can prevent revenge only if it is trusted by the victims, being itself a part to a bond of loyalty. Graham Greene's 1958 "entertainment" Our Man in Havana is chosen as a reference scenario. The paper analyses the characters' attitudes towards the law, their resentments, and their bonds of loyalty, and investigates the emotional scenario behind the two revenges mentioned in the novel. Finally, the essay maintains that each person's degree of trust in the law, and therefore their willingness to renounce revenge, depends on that person's own choices and inner feelings about themselves and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borders and frontiers are often problematized in Agnieszka Dale's Fox Season and Other Short Stories (2017), where mental borders seem to be more divisive than spatial boundaries. Many of these narratives feature Polish immigrants in Britain who struggle with their displaced condition in various ways. As some of the stories in the collection reveal, the scenario of post-Brexit Britain compromises conviviality amongst different groups, including the Polish community. Special attention is placed upon how several narratives in the volume underscore the prevalence in British society of Polish stereotypes as the crystallisation of the still widespread animosity against non-Europeans. Homi Bhabha's notions regarding the formation and dynamics of stereotypes will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms beneath such constructions. Likewise, some of the major tenets of social theory, as well as Edward Said's notion of 'Orientalism', will contribute to shedding light upon this resentment towards the Polish minority, occasionally adopted too by already established immigrants against their former compatriots. This article will ultimately intend to draw attention to the cautionary nature of Dale's collection as a call for harmony and the appreciation of difference among nations, thus preventing the gloomy perspectives the dystopian futures of some of these stories forecast upon Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many contemporary Anglophone Caribbean writers resent their colonial education’s emphasis on British literature, especially Wordsworth’s “Daffodils” poem, which—as V.S. Naipaul, Marlene NourbeSe Philip, Jean Rhys, and Jamaica Kincaid complain—impelled them to admire a flower they had never seen. This essay explores the resentful aesthetics spurred by “the daffodil gap,” a critical trope reflecting the disconnect between colonial education and lived experience. Multicultural literature’s and criticism’s emphasis on “decolonizing the curriculum” encourages the resentful denigration of classic and beloved texts. This essay also employs a close reading of “I wandered lonely as a cloud” to demonstrate how an aesthetics of resentment misconstrues Wordsworth’s poem, which explores human consciousness rather than simply celebrating the beauty of a particular European flower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the death drive in McDonagh's The Banshees of Inisherin while investigating the functions of self-defense, self-destruction, and self-abasement in the film. The proposed questions include: What is the function of death drive in the subjectivity of an individual destructing himself? What are the possible socio-cultural implications of death drive as suggested in the movie? To answer these questions, the study makes frequent use of key terms associated with self-defense mechanism, death drive in particular, as well as masochistic and sadistic elements to prove different features of self-destruction in various forms. The present research shows that death drive projects itself as masochistic self-defense reaction, which is more often than not characterized with resentment and antagonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of emotions in politics is drawing increasing scholarly attention. Yet, despite this heightened interest, the ways in which politicians concretely appeal to emotions of their target audience are still blurry. Let aside how they do so in different contexts. This article focuses on an affect that is frequently mentioned as the key driver explaining the electoral appeal of populist radical right-wing parties (PRRPs): resentment. In that respect, several authors have used the term “the politics of resentment,” even though the exact definition of resentment often remains unclear. In this article, we theorize what resentment precisely is and how it is used politically, and hypothesize how it is mobilized in different ways by PRR parties in different contexts. Empirically, then, we employ content analysis to study a corpus of party documents of PRRPs in three West and two East European countries from 2004 onwards and identify three types of resentment mobilized by the radical right: (1) redistributive resentment; (2) recognitory resentment; and (3) retributive resentment. Despite being expressed in a more heterogeneous way than we theoretically expected, these forms of resentment share important commonalities that, we argue, can help to better understand the electoral appeal of radical right-wing parties.

Numerous movements protest for more restrictive climate policies, sometimes with radical actions, such as road blockades or paint attacks. A German study with 1,132 participants investigated the impact of government responses on public support for such movements using the Last Generation as a case study. Contrary to expectations, highlighting strict government responses did not increase support, particularly among those who felt existing climate policies were inadequate. This may be explained by widespread resentment against the Last Generation; further analyses showed that donations were indeed high when participants perceived the government response as strict and inappropriate but that this perception was rare. The results suggest that radical protests are less suitable for driving policy change when public support for the movement is low, as they may trigger harsh government responses that damage the movement while not contributing to its mobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correlational study sought to establish the relationship between life satisfaction and happiness, with self-esteem, extraversion, self-actualization and resentment, identifying whether the latter could predict well-being and comparing their impact on well-being with the impact of sociodemographic variables. The sample, non-probabilistic by convenience, consisted of 392 male and female students (16 to 49 years old) of the Universidad del Valle, Palmira campus. The results showed that all psychological variables were related to the components of well-being. Except for extraversion, the other variables predicted life satisfaction. The four variables (self-esteem, extraversion, selfactualization and resentment) predicted happiness. Psychological variables, and especially those nurtured by achievements, explained the variance of well-being much better than sociodemographic variables. The main conclusions were: (a) people construct a basic and stable way of relating to life, which contributes more to well-being than situational and sociodemographic factors; (b) subjective well-being depends on various factors, so that other relationship of well-being beyond traditional ones, (self-esteem, the Big Five) should be studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of TVET college lecturers significantly affects the development and performance of students and, as a consequence, the economy. This study utilises Wenger's theory of social learning to explore the impact of professional occupational competence deficiencies on TVET lecturers at selected public colleges in Gauteng Province, South Africa. This study aimed to explore the effects of professional occupational competence deficiencies on the TVET lecturers across selected TVET colleges in the Gauteng Province, South Africa. Central to the challenge of lecturers professional occupational competence deficiencies is the lack of training and development to capacitate them with the necessary knowledge and skills to ensure that they play their roles optimally in providing students with quality education. A case study design was adopted in this study, underpinned by a qualitative research approach. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants from five public TVET colleges in Gauteng Province. Data were collected from fifteen sampled participants through semi-structured interviews and processed through Atlas.ti. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The findings of this study show that due to professional occupational competence deficiencies, TVET lecturers are experiencing profound challenges such as low self-efficacy, self-regulation failure, low motivation, anger, and resentment towards college management. To improve TVET lecturers' competence, efforts need to be made to focus on teaching professional occupational competencies as a priority. This study outlines the challenges that professional occupational competence deficiencies pose for the TVET sector and, by implication, the national development imperatives of South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acotaciones: Investigación y Creación Teatral is the property of Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramatico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Forgiveness represents the victim's own decision to let go of anger, feelings of hatred and the desire to punish the party responsible for the harm caused (apud. Shrive, 1995). Through forgiveness, the injured person overcomes the feelings of anger and revenge (apud. Freedman & Enright, 1996). Forgiveness is a liberation from negative affections and resentment towards the source of an unjust act (apud. Thompson et al., 2005). Subjective well-being, or happiness, is defined as a person's current, cognitive, and affective assessments of their own existence. These assessments include the emotional reactions to events, as well as various cognition-based judgments regarding personal satisfaction and fulfilment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New Zealand relies on International Medical Graduates (IMGs); however, the retention of IMGs is not optimal. This research uses a lens of cross-cultural code-switching to explore how professional and cultural differences impact on International Medical Graduates' (IMGs') journeys to practise effectively and remain in New Zealand. Methods: Utilising theory-informing inductive analysis within a constructivist approach, framework analysis was conducted following 14 face-to-face interviews with IMGs. The analysis then explored the degree to which their experiences could be explained by cross-cultural code-switching's psychological challenges (authenticity, competence, and resentment). Results: Analysis showed there was an expectation for IMGs to code-switch. The greater the cultural and professional difference of IMGs (compared to New Zealand), the greater the intensity of psychological challenges experienced when switching. Moreover, IMGs received minimal support, making it difficult to overcome psychological challenges, especially the competence challenge. This led to feelings of frustration and vulnerability. Code-switching could also explain why complaints about IMGs were more likely when IMGs were stressed or tired. Conclusion: Cross-cultural code-switching can be used to explain and identify how cultural differences cause psychological challenges. These findings inform how programmes can better support IMGs in orientation and ongoing training. Additionally, establishing, and allocating IMG cultural mentors would assist in addressing IMGs' vulnerability and isolation. With this support, the journey may prove more manageable and encourage IMGs to continue practising in their adopted country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that there are four conditions that create a conducive political climate allowing civil society and the media to hold the government accountable during the time of pandemic (2020–2021) i.e., the diagonal accountability: 1) the undemocratic formation of the Muhyiddin Yassin's government that lacked public mandate, which in turn made the government unstable and prone to political pressures; 2) the relative freedom of print and online media in reporting negative news concerning the government; 3) civil society's ability to find creative ways around pandemic restrictions to protest; and 4) socio-economic fallout from strict pandemic measures built up public resentment against the government and contributed to its unpopularity. Analyzed through the lens of political process model, and augmented by interviews with protest participants, the four conditions enable civil society and media to take advantage of the unstable political situation, namely in carving up democratic spaces amidst various restrictions imposed by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context marked by various transitional justice processes and still affected by dynamics of violence, in this article, we analyze psychosocial dimensions related to forgiveness and memory in experiences of members of social organizations who are victims of the Colombian armed conflict. The aim is to explore cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal processes that hinder or enable forgiveness. A mixed-methodology was used, with two studies conducted in the departments of Atlántico and Caldas. In the first study, a phenomenological design was applied to uncover ideas and emotions regarding memory and forgiveness among leaders of victim collectives. In the second study, a non-experimental design was implemented to analyze the interaction between three factors explaining the disposition to forgive (DP): enduring resentment (RD), sensitivity to circumstances (SC), and unconditional forgiveness (PI). The qualitative study revealed meanings surrounding memory that constrain forgiveness (RD, exclusive victim beliefs, and perceived obstacles to the effectiveness of transitional justice measures), as well as memory resignifications that promote forgiveness (understanding of the conflict, inclusive victim beliefs, memory linked to transitional justice, and PI). The quantitative study indicated that SC explains PI, while RD poses an obstacle. The research progresses towards a deeper comprehension of the connection between memory and forgiveness in transitional settings, unveiling challenges in effectively managing memory with forgiveness in mind. It highlights the significance of addressing RD and fostering SC to facilitate forgiveness, not only at the national level but also at the local and regional scales.

Introduction. The relevance of the topic relies on the fact that until now, within the Russian psychological discourse, the problem of gender characteristics of university students’ resentment did not have an autonomous status. The problem of ressentiment in the student environment is poorly developed both at the theoretical and empirical levels. The researchers usually confine themselves to analyzing its individual components (aggression, revenge, resentment, jealousy and envy) and without précising the gender specification of their severity. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and empirical study of the ressentiment constructs characteristic for university students: resentment, revenge, envy, jealousy and aggression, as well as fixing the degree of their manifestation and relationship in the gender projection. Materials and Methods. The empirical part of the article demonstrates the results of a study on measuring the declared constructs of ressentiment among university students (aggression, revenge, resentment, jealousy and envy) using the following standardized methods: “Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI)” (A. Bass, A. Durkee), “Scales of resentment and vindictiveness” (E. P. Ilyin, P. A. Kovalev), “Multidimensional scale of jealousy” (S. Pfeiffer, P. Wong) and “Methodology for the study of personality envy” (T. V. Beskova). Diagnostic procedures covered 93 people. The questionnaire “Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI)” involves the definition of aggression through the following scales: physical aggression, indirect aggression, irritation and verbal aggression. Results. Based on the results of an empirical study, the presence of gender characteristics of ressentiment in university students was revealed by fixing differences in the manifestation of the declared constructs: aggression, revenge, resentment, jealousy and envy. It has been established that the dominant constructs of ressentiment among male students are revenge and aggression; while for female students are resentment, jealousy and envy. Ressentiment among students is ambiguous. On the one hand, it has a detrimental effect on the spiritual dimension of the personality and its creative development; on the other hand, it plays the role of a psychological defense mechanism for the individual. Discussion and Conclusion. The data obtained contribute to the development of scientific ideas about the ressentiment determination in the student environment and the gender characteristics of its manifestation, enrich the psychological and pedagogical knowledge with the methodology for identifying the functional constructs of ressentiment as a destructive form of protecting an individual in an alienated reality. The materials of the article can be useful to specialists in the field of social psychology, preventive pedagogy, deviantology, genderology, enriching them with an understanding of the mechanisms of formation of resentment and gender specificity of its manifestation in the student environment.

In a context marked by various transitional justice processes and still affected by dynamics of violence, in this article, we analyze psychosocial dimensions related to forgiveness and memory in experiences of members of social organizations who are victims of the Colombian armed conflict. The aim is to explore cognitive, emotional, and attitudinal processes that hinder or enable forgiveness. A mixed-methodology was used, with two studies conducted in the departments of Atlántico and Caldas. In the first study, a phenomenological design was applied to uncover ideas and emotions regarding memory and forgiveness among leaders of victim collectives. In the second study, a non-experimental design was implemented to analyze the interaction between three factors explaining the disposition to forgive (DP): enduring resentment (RD), sensitivity to circumstances (SC), and unconditional forgiveness (PI). The qualitative study revealed meanings surrounding memory that constrain forgiveness (RD, exclusive victim beliefs, and perceived obstacles to the effectiveness of transitional justice measures), as well as memory resignifications that promote forgiveness (understanding of the conflict, inclusive victim beliefs, memory linked to transitional justice, and PI). The quantitative study indicated that SC explains PI, while RD poses an obstacle. The research progresses towards a deeper comprehension of the connection between memory and forgiveness in transitional settings, unveiling challenges in effectively managing memory with forgiveness in mind. It highlights the significance of addressing RD and fostering SC to facilitate forgiveness, not only at the national level but also at the local and regional scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Educational policy in Canada is commonly considered to be bounded by the concerns of schooling. Topics include influential analysis of inequitable educational outcomes in relation to economic policy and change drew needed attention to the embeddedness and complexity of educational policy; and expanded the scope of educational policy to engage social and economic policy and its historical, social and political formation.

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Cynthia Fleury's book, "Here Lies Bitterness: Healing from Resentment," explores the pervasive discontent that undermines individuals and societies. The book delves into the origins and manifestations of bitterness, examining its impact on personal identity, societal dynamics, and political ideologies. Fleury argues that overcoming resentment is essential for personal fulfillment and social cohesion. The book offers a philosophical and practical guide for navigating and transcending bitterness, emphasizing empathy, self-reflection, and engagement with others. It calls for collective efforts to address and overcome resentment, highlighting the importance of understanding the interplay between personal psyche and political governance. [Extracted from the article]