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1. Integrating dietary supplementation with poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed meal: effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and faecal microbiota in broilers

Author

R. Khan, M. Tahir, S. Naz, I. A. Alhidary, S. Shamsi, S. Dai, R. U. Khan, and V. Tufarelli

Subjects
Agriculture, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Science, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The study investigated the effects of supplementing broiler diets with poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) seed meal (PSM) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal microbiota, and blood profiles. A total of 250 unsexed 1 d old broilers were allocated to five distinct treatment groups. PSM was incorporated into the diets at varying levels: 0 % (PSM0), 5 % (PSM5), 10 % (PSM10), 15 % (PSM15), and 20 % (PSM20). The findings indicated that growth performance, including weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR), was significantly improved (P) in the PSM20 group compared to the control. However, carcass weight experienced a notable decrease (P) in the PSM20 group. Regarding nutrient digestibility, PSM supplementation led to reduced crude protein digestibility. Nevertheless, apparent metabolizable energy and ash content were significantly enhanced (P) in the PSM15 and PSM20 groups. Notably, faecal microbiota also experienced substantial improvement (P) in the PSM20 group. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that incorporating poppy seed meal at a rate of 20 % in broiler diets enhances growth performance, improves nutrient digestibility, and positively influences faecal microbiota composition.

Published
2024
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2. Unique vascular patterns of the internal iliac artery and its clinical import in pelvic surgery

Author

R. Khan, N. Naidoo, and L. Lazarus

Subjects
Embolization, Internal iliac artery, Pelvic surgery, Pelvic hemorrhage, Variation, Human anatomy, QM1-695
Abstract

Introduction: With the rising incidence in global maternal mortality caused by obstetric hemorrhage, ligation of the internal iliac artery has emerged as a significant procedure in these patients due to its role as the major arterial source to the pelvic region. However, the internal iliac arterial tree often exhibits variation in its branching pattern. Hence, there is an increasing need to map the anomalous internal iliac arterial tree, the aim upon which this study was based. Materials and methods: The branching pattern of the IIa in ten fetal and ten adult cadaveric specimens (n = 40 pelvic sides) was bilaterally investigated through micro- and macroscopic dissection of the pelvis. Results: Eight unique variations involving the posterior division of the internal iliac artery and the inferior vesical, obturator, and internal pudendal arteries were noted. These included the unusual arch-like formation of the posterior division; the origins of the obturator artery from the arch of posterior division, and with the superior vesical and uterine arteries from a common trunk of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery; the origin of the internal pudendal artery with the vaginal artery from an unusual variant branch; and the origin of the inferior vesical artery from the obturator artery. Conclusions: Understanding the branching pattern of the internal iliac artery may assist in the prevention of vascular trauma and surgical hemorrhage during pelvic laparoscopy, total hysterectomy, and pelvic tumour resection, as well as other complications such as ureteral injury during ligation. If indistinguishable, the variable branching pattern of the internal iliac artery may also lead to erroneous therapeutic embolization.

Published
2021
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3. Prevalence of cestodes infection among school children of urban parts of Lower Dir district, Pakistan

Author

H. Ur Rahman, W. Khan, S. A. Mehmood, S. Ahmed, S. Yasmin, W. Ahmad, Z. Ul Haq, M. I. A. Shah, R. Khan, U. Ahmad, A. A. Khan, and P. De los Ríos Escalante

Subjects
intestinal parasitosis, tapeworm infection, zoonosis, school children, poor sanitation, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Tapeworms of zoonotic importance have been described as a leading public health problem. Current research was aim to assess the prevalence of tapeworms among 5-12years school children residing in district Lower Dir, Pakistan from January 2019-December 2019. The wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods were used for stool examination. Data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive, static methods. Of the 400 children studied 71.7% were infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites. Single infection of cestode species was found in 69 individuals with 17.2% prevalence and multiple parasitic infections were identified in 19.7% (n=79/400) individuals. The multiple infection were comprised as 10% (n=40) double, 6.75% (n=27) triple and 3% (n=12) quadruple. A total of 9 species of helminths and one species of protozoan infection. Among the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 33.1% (n=95), Taenia saginata 22.6% (n=65), hookworm 19.8% (n=57), Hymenolepis nana 18.8% (n=54), Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis diminuta 1.39% (n=4each), Trichuris trichura 1.04% (n=3), Toxocara spp 0.69% (n=2) and Schistosoma japonicum 0.34% (n=1) were reported. One protozoan species was Cryptosporidium spp 0.69% (n=2) in current study. In case of A.lumbricoides, hookworm, E.vermicularis, T.trichura, T.saginata, H.nana and H.diminuta the male children of below 8 years of age were highly infected. Other infections are reported in the same prevalence with slight difference if any. We conclude that there is a need for mass scale campaigns to create awareness regarding health and hygiene in children and the need for development of effective poverty control programs because deworming alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.

Published
2021
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4. GENERALIZED UNI-SOFT INTERIOR IDEALS IN ORDERED SEMIGROUPS

Author

R. Khan, A. Khan, B. Ahmad, and R. Gul

Subjects
soft sets, n)-uni-soft ideal, (m, n)-uni-soft interior ideals, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

For all M,N∈P(U) such that M⊂N, we first introduced the definitions of (M,N)-uni-soft ideals and (M,N)-uni-soft interior ideals of an ordered semigroup and studied them. When M=∅ and N=U, we meet the ordinary soft ones. Then we proved that in regular and in intra-regular ordered semigroups the concept of (M,N)-uni-soft ideals and the (M,N)-uni-soft interior ideals coincide. Finally, we introduced (M,N)-uni-soft simple ordered semigroup and characterized the simple ordered semigroups in terms of (M,N)-uni-soft interior ideals.

Published
2019
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5. Finite Element Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Delamination Size, Stacking Sequence and Boundary Conditions on the Vibration Behavior of Composite Plate

Author

M. Imran, R. Khan, and S. Badshah

Subjects
composite material, delamination, finite element analysis, abaqus simulation, natural frequency, Technology
Abstract

Composite structures are widely used in many applications ranging from, but not limited to, aerospace industry, automotive, and marine structures due to their attractive mechanical properties like high strength to weight ratios. However composite structures needs utmost care during structures manufacturing and working conditions should be assessed prior to installation. One of the important defect in composite structures is delamination. Present work is focused on investigation of delamination effects on the natural frequencies of composite plate using commercial finite element software, ABAQUS. Analytical results were also analyzed using MATLAB code. Different stacking sequences and boundary conditions are considered for study in both analytical formulation and finite element analysis. Finite element results are compared with analytical results to validate the perfect composite plate. The natural frequency of the composite plate reduced with an increase in delamination size. Additionally, all-sides clamped composite plate showed higher values of natural frequency than other constraints in lower modes for symmetrical laminates. Natural frequency in cross ply laminates are higher for the simply supported composite plates. On comparison, results from both the techniques, finite element analysis and analytical analysis, were in good agreement.

Published
2019

6. Dust-ion-acoustic shock waves in the presence of dust charge fluctuation in non-Maxwellian plasmas with Kappa-distributed electrons

Author

M. Kamran, Fazal Sattar, Majid Khan, R. Khan, and M. Ikram

Subjects
DIA, Shock, Kappa distribution, Burger’s equation, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A three-component plasma composed of nonthermal Kappa-distributed electrons, mobile ions, stationary and dust-fluctuating (spherical) dust particles is considered. By employing reductive perturbation method in a weakly nonlinear limit, the Burger’s equation has been derived and the basic properties of dust ion acoustic shock waves are analyzed. It is observed that for increasing ion–electron temperature ratio, the shock’s amplitude decreases, and vice versa. Moreover, shock steepens for increasing electron–ion equilibrium density ratio. Furthermore, it is observed that the shock potential distribution is directly proportional to the spectral index κ, whereas the shock’s width is inversely proportional to the latter. Thus, the non-Maxwellian nature of the electronic velocity distribution significantly modifies the perturbed potential profile. In the limiting case κ→∞, the corresponding Maxwellian results are retrieved. Present work will be useful in understanding the nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves (DIASHW) in space plasmas where nonthermal population of electrons exist due to various physical phenomena, and in laboratory (e.g., in a double plasma (DP) device, or in tokamak where runaway electrons may result in a non-Maxwellian plasma).

Published
2021
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7. Synthesis and structural characterization of N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)- hydrazinyl] carbonyl}-phenyl)benzamide (HL) and its Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. X-ray crystal structure of HL

Author

R. Khan, A. Tavman, D. Gürbüz, M. Arfan, and A. Çinarli

Subjects
Hydrazine, Hydroxybenzylidene, Benzamide, Metal Complexes, Crystal Structure, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

N-(2-{[(2E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]carbonyl}phenyl)benzamide (HL) and its Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Zn(II) perchlorate complexes were synthesized. The structures of HL and its complexes were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H-NMR spectra. TGA, magnetic moment and molar conductivity measurements were carried out for the complexes. In addition, the crystal structure of HL was determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. It crystallizes in the monoclinic, space group C2/c and Z=4. HL has an interesting structure due to the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It behaves as a bidentate ligand through the C=N nitrogen and OH oxygen atoms in its chelate complexes that they have 1:2 M:L (metal:ligand) ratio. The Fe(III), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes, [Fe(HL)(L)(H2O)2](ClO4)2, [Cu(HL)2](ClO4)2∙3H2O, [Zn(HL)2](ClO4)2·H2O are 2:1 electrolytes whereas the Co(II) complex, [Co(HL)(L)(H2O)]ClO4·H2O, is 1:1 electrolyte according to the molar conductivity data.

Published
2018
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8. A large-scale study of a poultry trading network in Bangladesh: implications for control and surveillance of avian influenza viruses

Author

N. Moyen, G. Ahmed, S. Gupta, T. Tenzin, R. Khan, T. Khan, N. Debnath, M. Yamage, D.U. Pfeiffer, and G. Fournie

Subjects
Poultry network, Bangladesh, Surveillance, Avian influenza, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background Since its first report in 2007, avian influenza (AI) has been endemic in Bangladesh. While live poultry marketing is widespread throughout the country and known to influence AI dissemination and persistence, trading patterns have not been described. The aim of this study is to assess poultry trading practices and features of the poultry trading networks which could promote AI spread, and their potential implications for disease control and surveillance. Data on poultry trading practices was collected from 849 poultry traders during a cross-sectional survey in 138 live bird markets (LBMs) across 17 different districts of Bangladesh. The quantity and origins of traded poultry were assessed for each poultry type in surveyed LBMs. The network of contacts between farms and LBMs resulting from commercial movements of live poultry was constructed to assess its connectivity and to identify the key premises influencing it. Results Poultry trading practices varied according to the size of the LBMs and to the type of poultry traded. Industrial broiler chickens, the most commonly traded poultry, were generally sold in LBMs close to their production areas, whereas ducks and backyard chickens were moved over longer distances, and their transport involved several intermediates. The poultry trading network composed of 445 nodes (73.2% were LBMs) was highly connected and disassortative. However, the removal of only 5.6% of the nodes (25 LBMs with the highest betweenness scores), reduced the network’s connectedness, and the maximum size of output and input domains by more than 50%. Conclusions Poultry types need to be discriminated in order to understand the way in which poultry trading networks are shaped, and the level of risk of disease spread that these networks may promote. Knowledge of the network structure could be used to target control and surveillance interventions to a small number of LBMs.

Published
2018
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9. An anthropometric evaluation of the scapula, with emphasis on the coracoid process and glenoid fossa in a South African population

Author

R. Khan, K.S. Satyapal, L. Lazarus, and N. Naidoo

Subjects
Anatomy, Surgery, Glenohumeral joint, Glenoid fossa, Shape, Anthropometric parameters, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

The exact dimensions of the scapula, including the coracoid process and glenoid fossa, are fundamental in the patho-mechanics of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ); as these structures act as initiators of shoulder movement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric parameters of the GHJ, with emphasis on the coracoid process and glenoid fossa. The morphometric (Linear Tools 2012, 0–150mm, LIN 86500963) and morphological parameters of a total of one hundred and sixty-four (n = 164) dry bone scapulae [Right (R): 80; Left (L): 84, Male (M): 68; Female (F): 96] were recorded. Results: (i) Shape of glenoid fossa: Type 1: (R) 16.5%, (L) 11.0%; Male (M) 20.1%, Female (F) 7.3%; Type 2: (R) 14.0%, (L) 15.2%; (M) 18.3%, (F) 11.0%; Type 3: (R) 18.3%, (L) 25.0%; (M) 27.4%, (F) 15.9%. (ii) Notch type: Type 1: (R) 1.7%, (L) 7.3%; (M) 6.7%, (F) 2.4%; Type 2: (R) 47.0%, (L) 43.9%; (M) 59.2%, (F) 31.7%. (iii) Vertical diameter of glenoid fossa (VD) (mm): (R) 35.2 ± 3.1, (L) 34.9 ± 3.0; (M) 35.3 ± 3.2, (F) 34.6 ± 2.8. (iv) Horizontal diameter 1 (HD1) of glenoid fossa (mm): (R) 18.4 ± 3.3, (L) 17.5 ± 2.9; (M) 18.2 ± 3.3, (F) 17.4 ± 2.6. (v) Horizontal diameter 2 (HD2) of glenoid fossa (mm): (R) 24.5 ± 2.9, (L) 23.6 ± 2.6; (M) 24.2 ± 2.7, (F) 23.7 ± 2.8. (vi) Length of coracoid process (CL) (mm): (R) 41.7 ± 4.7, (L) 41.5 ± 4.9; (M) 42.1 ± 4.7, (F) 40.7 ± 4.8. (vii) Width of coracoid process (CW) (mm): (R) 13.3 ± 1.9, (L) 14.2 ± 11.9; (M) 13.1 ± 1.9, (F) 15.1 ± 14.5. (viii) Coracoglenoid distance (CGD) (mm): (R) 27.4 ± 8.3, (L) 28.2 ± 3.5; (M) 28.2 ± 7.4, (F) 27.0 ± 3.4. In the present study, Type 3 (oval) was observed to be the predominant glenoid fossa shape with a higher incidence in male individuals and on the right side. Although only notch Types 1 (without a notch) and 2 (with one notch) were observed in this study, Type 2 (one notch) was the most prevalent, presenting with a significant p-value (p = 0.019), suggesting that notch Type 1 (without a notch) and 2 (with one notch) are common findings in the right and left side of individuals. The findings observed in this study may provide knowledge regarding the role of the coracoid parameters in etiology of subcoracoid impingement while knowledge on the glenoid fossa parameters and variations are essential for evaluation in shoulder arthroplasty for glenoid fractures and anterior dislocations, and for glenoid prosthesis designs for the South African population.

Published
2020
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10. Effect of Herbicides on Yield and Yield Components of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays)

Author

I.A. KHAN, G. HASSAN, N. MALIK, R. KHAN, H. KHAN, and S.A. KHAN

Subjects
herbicides, leaf area, maize hybrids, weeds, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

ABSTRACT Maize crop (Zea mays) is facing lots of problems from different pests throughout Asia, including Pakistan. Weed infestation is one of the serious pests that remarkably decrease the grain yield in maize. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the trend of maize hybrid cultivation is gaining the attention of the farmers due to its higher production. Therefore, in this research we tested herbicides (Stomp 330 E, Dual gold 960 EC, 2,4-D, ester) in maize hybrids (P-3025, P-32T78, P-3203). The experiment was done in RCB design with split plots arrangement, where maize hybrids were kept in main plots, while herbicides were assigned to the subplots. Each treatment was repeated three times at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), at the Peshawar University of Agriculture, Pakistan. Results revealed that both hybrids and herbicides significantly increased plant height, biological yield and grain yield. However, the lowest weed density (142.50 m-2) was observed in Dual Gold 960 EC treated plots. Similarly, plant height (247.188 cm) and grain yield (2.253 ton ha-1) was maximum in maize hybrid P-3025 and Dual gold treated plots. From the instant experiment, it is concluded that the Dual gold 960 EC herbicide is declared as the best herbicide for weed suppression in maize, while maize hybrid P-3025 was the best hybrid giving maximum yield in the study.

Published
2016
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11. Integrated Approaches for Weed Suppression in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under Residual Moisture After Rice Crop

Author

I.A. KHAN, R. KHAN, G. HASSAN, M. WAQAS, S.M.A. SHAH, and S.A. KHAN

Subjects
herbicides, Stomp 330E, parthenium extract, residual moisture, weed control, seed yield, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Three-year field studies were undertaken at Agricultural Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan from 2010-11 to 2012-2013 with the aim of assessing the efficacy of different management techniques on weed growth and yield of chickpea under rain-fed conditions on residual moisture of a previous rice crop. Treatments of the experiment consisted of recommended full and half doses of three herbicides, i.e., Stomp 330E, Dual Gold 960EC and Isoproturon 500EW and the plant extract of Parthenium hysterophorus. Hand weeding treatment was kept as positive control whereas weedy check was included as negative control treatment. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Block (CRB) design replicated thrice. Parameters of the investigation were weed density, fresh weed biomass, chickpea growth, biological yield and seed yield. The data revealed that the full dose of Stomp 330E proved superior in terms of weed suppression by giving only 84, 69 and 55 weeds m-2 as compared to weedy check for the years 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Likewise, the highest plant height and seed yield were also recorded for Stomp 330E (full dose) during the entire study, which was statistically at par with hand weeding. However, there was a reduction in overall chickpea yield during the second and third years of experimentation resulting from lower average rainfall. The extract of P. hysterophorus followed Stomp 330E in weed suppression, enhancing plant height as well as biological yield and seed yield. Moreover, the result also shows statistically similar results of the extract of P. hysterophorus for all other tested treatments. Based on the findings of the present research, it was found that herbicides and hand weeding showed superior results in terms of all tested parameters. However, both approaches are non-judicious: hand weeding is laborious while herbicides may cause environmental pollution, hence the herbicidal potential of P. hysterophorus needs to be encouraged in order to achieve sustainable weed management and high yield in an eco-friendly manner.

Published
2018
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12. Prospects for combined analyses of hadronic emission from $\gamma$-ray sources in the Milky Way with CTA and KM3NeT

Author

Unbehaun, T., Mohrmann, L., Funk, S., Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androutsou, E., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Aphecetche, L., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Atmani, H., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Bardačová, Z., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Becherini, Y., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Benhassi, M., Benoit, D. M., Berbee, E., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Bozza, R. M., Brânzaş, H., Bretaudeau, F., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carenini, F., Carretero, V., Cartraud, T., Castaldi, P., Cecchini, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chadolias, M., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., Darras, Y., De Benedittis, A., De Martino, B., Decoene, V., Del Burgo, R., Di Mauro, L. S., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Dvornický, R., Eberl, T., Eckerová, E., Eddymaoui, A., van Eeden, T., Eff, M., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabriel, J., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Ghaddari, H., Gialanella, L., Gibson, B. K., Giorgio, E., Girardi, A., Goos, I., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Khatun, A., Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Kvatadze, R., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Clark, M. Lindsey, Longhitano, F., Majumdar, J., Malerba, L., Mańczak, J., Manfreda, A., Marconi, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Marzaioli, F., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastroianni, S., Miccichè, S., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Mitsou, M. L., Mollo, C. M., Morales-Gallegos, L., Morley-Wong, C., Mosbrugger, A., Moussa, A., Mateo, I. Mozun, Muller, R., Musone, M. R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nayerhoda, A., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Oliviero, V., Orlando, A., Oukacha, E., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Gomez, E. J. Pastor, Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M., Perronnel, J., Pestel, V., Pestes, R., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Quiroz, C., Rahaman, U., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Rea, I. C., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Robinson, J., Romanov, A., Roscilli, L., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonastaso, C., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sennan, N., Setter, B., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Shitov, Y., Šimkovic, F., Simonelli, A., Sinopoulou, A., Smirnov, M. V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Štekl, I., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tedjditi, H., Thiersen, H., Melo, I. Tosta e, Trocme, B., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Vacheret, A., Valsecchi, V., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., de Sola, F. Vazquez, Verilhac, C., Veutro, A., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Warnhofer, H., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zarpapis, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array and the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes are major upcoming facilities in the fields of $\gamma$-ray and neutrino astronomy, respectively. Possible simultaneous production of $\gamma$ rays and neutrinos in astrophysical accelerators of cosmic-ray nuclei motivates a combination of their data. We assess the potential of a combined analysis of CTA and KM3NeT data to determine the contribution of hadronic emission processes in known Galactic $\gamma$-ray emitters, comparing this result to the cases of two separate analyses. In doing so, we demonstrate the capability of Gammapy, an open-source software package for the analysis of $\gamma$-ray data, to also process data from neutrino telescopes. For a selection of prototypical $\gamma$-ray sources within our Galaxy, we obtain models for primary proton and electron spectra in the hadronic and leptonic emission scenario, respectively, by fitting published $\gamma$-ray spectra. Using these models and instrument response functions for both detectors, we employ the Gammapy package to generate pseudo data sets, where we assume 200 hours of CTA observations and 10 years of KM3NeT detector operation. We then apply a three-dimensional binned likelihood analysis to these data sets, separately for each instrument and jointly for both. We find that the largest benefit of the combined analysis lies in the possibility of a consistent modelling of the $\gamma$-ray and neutrino emission. Assuming a purely leptonic scenario as input, we obtain, for the most favourable source, an average expected 68% credible interval that constrains the contribution of hadronic processes to the observed $\gamma$-ray emission to below 15%., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures. v2: Matches version published in EPJC

Published
2023
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13. Embedded Software of the KM3NeT Central Logic Board

Author

Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androutsou, E., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Aphecetche, L., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Atmani, H., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Bardačová, Z., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Becherini, Y., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Benhassi, M., Benoit, D. M., Berbee, E., Bertin, V., van Beveren, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozzaa, C., Bozza, R. M., Brânzaşa, H., Bretaudeau, F., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buisa, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carenini, F., Carretero, V., Cartraud, T., Castaldia, P., Cecchini, V., Celli, S., Ceris, L., Chabab, M., Chadolia, M., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruza, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., Darrasa, Y., De Beneditti, A., De Martino, B., Decoene, V., Del Burgo, R., Di Mauro, L. S., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domia, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörra, M., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Dvornický, R., Eberla, T., Eckerov\', E., Eddymaoui, A., van Eeden, T., Effa, M., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gabriela, J., Gagliardini, S., Gala, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Ghaddari, H., Gialanella, L., Gibson, B. K., Giorgio, E., Girardi, A., Goos, I., Goupilliere, D., Gozzinic, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Guidia, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., Jamesa, C. W., Jansweijer, P., de Jongat, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Khatun, A., Kistauri, G., Kopper, C., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Kvatadzea, R., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Clark, M. Lindsey, Longhitano, F., Majumdar, J., Malerba, L., Mamedov, F., Mańczakc, J., Manfred, A., Marconi, M., Margiott, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Marzaioli, F., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastroianni, S., Miccichè, S., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Minutoli, S., Mitsou, M. L., Mollo, C. M., Morales-Gallegos, L., Morley-Wonga, C., Mosbruggera, A., Moussa, A., Mateo, I. Mozun, Muller, R., Musone, M. R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nayerhoda, A., Nicola, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigha, B. Ó, Oliviero, V., Orlando, A., Oukach, E., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvilia, G., Gomez, E. J. Pastor, Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrind, M., Perronnel, J., Pestela, V., Pestes, R., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Quiroz, C., Rahaman, U., Randazzo, N., Razzaqueb, S., Rea, I. C., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Robinson, J., Romanova, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonastaso, C., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Scarpetta, Y., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Setter, B., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Shitov, Y., Šimkovic, F., Simonelli, A., Sinopoulou, A., Smirnov, M. V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Štekl, I., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tedjditi, H., Thiersen, H., Melo, I. Tosta e, Trocme, B., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Vacheret, A., Valsecchi, V., Vannoye, V. Van Elewyck G., Vasileiadisa, G., de Sola, F. Vazquez, Verilhac, C., Veutro, A., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Warnhofer, H., Wilmsb, J., de Wolf, E., Yepes-Ramirez, H., Zarpapis, G., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The KM3NeT Collaboration is building and operating two deep sea neutrino telescopes at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes consist of latices of photomultiplier tubes housed in pressure-resistant glass spheres, called digital optical modules and arranged in vertical detection units. The two main scientific goals are the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the discovery and observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe. Neutrinos are detected via the Cherenkov light, which is induced by charged particles originated in neutrino interactions. The photomultiplier tubes convert the Cherenkov light into electrical signals that are acquired and timestamped by the acquisition electronics. Each optical module houses the acquisition electronics for collecting and timestamping the photomultiplier signals with one nanosecond accuracy. Once finished, the two telescopes will have installed more than six thousand optical acquisition nodes, completing one of the more complex networks in the world in terms of operation and synchronization. The embedded software running in the acquisition nodes has been designed to provide a framework that will operate with different hardware versions and functionalities. The hardware will not be accessible once in operation, which complicates the embedded software architecture. The embedded software provides a set of tools to facilitate remote manageability of the deployed hardware, including safe reconfiguration of the firmware. This paper presents the architecture and the techniques, methods and implementation of the embedded software running in the acquisition nodes of the KM3NeT neutrino telescopes.

Published
2023

14. Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiles of Streptococcus mutans UA159 Map Core Streptococcal Competence Genes

Author

R. Khan, H. V. Rukke, H. Høvik, H. A. Åmdal, T. Chen, D. A. Morrison, and F. C. Petersen

Subjects
CSP, Streptococcus, XIP, genetic competence, natural transformation systems, pheromone, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT In Streptococcus mutans, an oral colonizer associated with dental caries, development of competence for natural genetic transformation is triggered by either of two types of peptide pheromones, competence-stimulating peptides (CSPs) (18 amino acids [aa]) or SigX-inducing peptides (XIPs) (7 aa). Competence induced by CSP is a late response to the pheromone that requires the response regulator ComE and the XIP-encoding gene comS. XIP binds to ComR to allow expression of the alternative sigma factor SigX and the effector genes it controls. While these regulatory links are established, the precise set of effectors controlled by each regulator is poorly defined. To improve the definition of all three regulons, we used a high-resolution tiling array to map global changes in gene expression in the early and late phases of the CSP response. The early phase of the CSP response was limited to increased gene expression at four loci associated with bacteriocin production and immunity. In the late phase, upregulated regions expanded to a total of 29 loci, including comS and genes required for DNA uptake and recombination. The results indicate that the entire late response to CSP depends on the expression of comS and that the immediate transcriptional response to CSP, mediated by ComE, is restricted to just four bacteriocin-related loci. Comparison of the new data with published transcriptome data permitted the identification of all of the operons in each regulon: 4 for ComE, 2 for ComR, and 21 for SigX. Finally, a core set of 27 panstreptococcal competence genes was identified within the SigX regulon by comparison of transcriptome data from diverse streptococcal species. IMPORTANCE S. mutans has the hard surfaces of the oral cavity as its natural habitat, where it depends on its ability to form biofilms in order to survive. The comprehensive identification of S. mutans regulons activated in response to peptide pheromones provides an important basis for understanding how S. mutans can transition from individual to social behavior. Our study placed 27 of the 29 transcripts activated during competence within three major regulons and revealed a core set of 27 panstreptococcal competence-activated genes within the SigX regulon.

Published
2016
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15. Probing invisible neutrino decay with KM3NeT-ORCA

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Becherini, Y., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carenini, F., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., Darras, Y., De Benedittis, A., De Martino, B., Decoene, V., Del Burgo, R., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., Eff, M., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabriel, J., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Girardi, A., Goos, I., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haegel, L., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lakhal, A., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Liang, S., Clark, M. Lindsey, Longhitano, F., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martìnez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miccichè, S., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Mollo, C. M., Morales-Gallegos, L., Morley-Wong, C., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musone, M. R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Orlando, A., Oukacha, E., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Gomez, E. J. Pastor, Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M., Perronnel, J., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Rahaman, U., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Rea, I. C., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Robinson, J., Romanov, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonastaso, C., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Sathe, A., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simonelli, A., Sinopoulou, A., Smirnov, M. V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tavzarashvili, K., Tayalati, Y., Tedjditi, H., Thakore, T., Thiersen, H., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Warnhofer, H., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., Yepes-Ramirez, H., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In the era of precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters, upcoming neutrino experiments will also be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. KM3NeT/ORCA is a neutrino detector optimised for measuring atmospheric neutrinos from a few GeV to around 100 GeV. In this paper, the sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ORCA detector to neutrino decay has been explored. A three-flavour neutrino oscillation scenario, where the third neutrino mass state $\nu_3$ decays into an invisible state, e.g. a sterile neutrino, is considered. We find that KM3NeT/ORCA would be sensitive to invisible neutrino decays with $1/\alpha_3=\tau_3/m_3 < 180$~$\mathrm{ps/eV}$ at $90\%$ confidence level, assuming true normal ordering. Finally, the impact of neutrino decay on the precision of KM3NeT/ORCA measurements for $\theta_{23}$, $\Delta m^2_{31}$ and mass ordering have been studied. No significant effect of neutrino decay on the sensitivity to these measurements has been found., Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, bibliography updated, typos corrected

Published
2023
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16. Residual, direct and cumulative effect of zinc application on wheat and rice yield under rice-wheat syst

Author

R. Khan, A.R. Gurmani, M.S. Khan, and A.H. Gurmani

Subjects
Triticum aestivum L, Oryza sativa L, zinc, grain yield, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is prevalent particularly on calcareous soils of arid and semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the direct, residual and cumulative effect of zinc on the yield of wheat and rice in permanent layout for two consecutive years, 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Arid Zone Research Institute D.I. Khan. Soil under study was deficient in Zn (0.8 mg kg-1). Effect of Zn on yield, Zn concentrations in leaf and soils were assessed using wheat variety Naseer-2000 and rice variety IRRI-6. Three rates of Zn, ranging from 0 to 10 kg ha-1 in soil, were applied as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4. 7H2O) along with basal dose fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Mature leaf and soil samples were collected at panicle initiation stage. The results showed that grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly increased by the direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha-1. Highest grain yield of wheat (5467 kg ha-1) was recorded with the direct application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 while 4994 kg ha-1 was recorded with the cumulative application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 but the yield increase due to residual effect of Zn was statistically lower than the cumulative effect of Zn. Maximum paddy yield was recorded with the cumulative application ofZn followed by residual and direct applied 10 and 5 kg Zn kg ha-1, respectively. Zn concentration in soils ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg-1 in wheat and 0.24 to 2.40 mg kg-1 in rice, while in leaves it ranged from 18-48 mg kg-1 in wheat and 15-52 mg kg-1 in rice. The concentration of Zn in soil and leaves increased due to the treatments in the order; cumulative > residual > direct effect > control (without Zn). The yield attributes like 1000- grain weight, number of spikes, spike length and plant height were increased by the residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levels; however, the magnitude of increase was higher in cumulative effect than residual and direct effect of Zn, respectively. Under Zn-deficient soil conditions, yield of wheat can be increased by direct application of Zn, while yield of rice can be maximized by the cumulative use of zinc fertilization.

Published
2009

18. Nanobeacon: A time calibration device for the KM3NeT neutrino telescope

Author

Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertine, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Branza, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chena, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruza, A., Cuttone, G., Dalliera, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Diaz, A. F., Tortosa, D. Diego, Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzau, C., Dornic, D., Dorra, M., Drouhin, D., Eberla, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhofer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gala, T., Mendez, J. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Grafa, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutierrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Harena, H., Heijboer, A., Hekaloa, A., Henniga, L., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastori, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. LLorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Manczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martina, L., Martinez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., OFearraigh, B., OSullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Gonzalez, J. Palacios, Papalashvilia, G., Papaleo, R., Paun, A. M., Pavala, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poire, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probsta, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quemenera, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaquea, S., Real, D., Recka, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtlebe, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sanchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneidera, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellaccian, S. M., Taiutik, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilmsa, J., Wojaczynski, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zuniga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The KM3NeT Collaboration is currently constructing a multi-site high-energy neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea consisting of matrices of pressure-resistant glass spheres, each holding a set of 31 small-area photomultipliers. The main goals of the telescope are the observation of neutrino sources in the Universe and the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters with atmospheric neutrinos. Both extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos are detected through the Cherenkov light induced in seawater by charged particles produced in neutrino interactions in the surrounding medium. A relative time synchronization between photomultipliers of the order of 1 ns is needed to guarantee the required angular resolution of the detector. Due to the large detector volumes to be instrumented by KM3NeT, a cost reduction of the different systems is a priority. To this end, the inexpensive Nanobeacon has been designed and developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to be used for detector time-calibration studies. At present, more than 600 Nanobeacons have been already produced. The characterization of the optical pulse and the wavelength emission profile of the devices are critical for the time calibration. In this paper, the main features of the Nanobeacon design, production and operation, together with the main properties of the light pulse generated are described.

Published
2021
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19. Implementation and first results of the KM3NeT real-time core-collapse supernova neutrino search

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. LLorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., P{ă}un, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT will study atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos with two multi-purpose neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, primarily aimed at GeV-PeV neutrinos. Thanks to the multi-photomultiplier tube design of the digital optical modules, KM3NeT is capable of detecting the neutrino burst from a Galactic or near-Galactic core-collapse supernova. This potential is already exploitable with the first detection units deployed in the sea. This paper describes the real-time implementation of the supernova neutrino search, operating on the two KM3NeT detectors since the first months of 2019. A quasi-online astronomy analysis is introduced to study the time profile of the detected neutrinos for especially significant events. The mechanism of generation and distribution of alerts, as well as the integration into the SNEWS and SNEWS 2.0 global alert systems are described. The approach for the follow-up of external alerts with a search for a neutrino excess in the archival data is defined. Finally, an overview of the current detector capabilities and a report after the first two years of operation are given., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021
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20. Combined sensitivity of JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA to the neutrino mass ordering

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Gatius, C., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Alvarez, C. Llorens, Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Lygda, A., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Zywucka, N., members, JUNO Collaboration, Ahmad, S., de André, J. P. A. M., Baussan, E., Bordereau, C., Cabrera, A., Cerna, C., Donchenko, G., Doroshkevich, E. A., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Jollet, C., Kalousis, L. N., Kampmann, P., Kouzakov, K., Lokhov, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lubsandorzhiev, S. B., Meregaglia, A., Miramonti, L., Perrot, F., Rico, L. F. Piñeres, Popov, A., Rasheed, R., Settimo, M., Stankevich, K., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Studenikin, A., Triossi, A., Trzaska, W., Vialkov, M., Wonsak, B., Wurtz, J., and Yermia, F.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

This article presents the potential of a combined analysis of the JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA experiments to determine the neutrino mass ordering. This combination is particularly interesting as it significantly boosts the potential of either detector, beyond simply adding their neutrino mass ordering sensitivities, by removing a degeneracy in the determination of $\Delta m_{31}^2$ between the two experiments when assuming the wrong ordering. The study is based on the latest projected performances for JUNO, and on simulation tools using a full Monte Carlo approach to the KM3NeT/ORCA response with a careful assessment of its energy systematics. From this analysis, a $5\sigma$ determination of the neutrino mass ordering is expected after 6 years of joint data taking for any value of the oscillation parameters. This sensitivity would be achieved after only 2 years of joint data taking assuming the current global best-fit values for those parameters for normal ordering., Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021
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21. Search for neutrino non-standard interactions with ANTARES and KM3NeT-ORCA

Author

Rey, J. J. Hernández, Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Manczak, J., Navas, S., and Zornoza, J. D.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Non-standard interactions (NSIs) in the propagation of neutrinos in matter can lead to significant deviations in neutrino oscillations expected within the standard 3-neutrino framework. These additional interactions would result in an anomalous flux of neutrinos observable at neutrino telescopes. The ANTARES detector and its next-generation successor, KM3NeT, located in the abyss of the Mediterranean Sea, have the potential to measure sub-dominant effects in neutrino oscillations, coming from non-standard neutrino interactions. In this contribution, a likelihood-based search for NSIs with 10 years of atmospheric muon-neutrino data recorded with ANTARES is reported and sensitivity projections for KM3NeT/ORCA, based on realistic detector simulations, are shown. The bounds obtained with ANTARES in the NSI $\mu - \tau$ sector constitute the most stringent limits up to date.

Published
2021
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22. Sensitivity to light sterile neutrino mixing parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

Author

Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alshamsi, M., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bretaudeau, F., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Mollac, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosan, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dorr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhofer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Mendez, J. Garcıa, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guid, C., Gutierrez, M., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hofestadt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lara, G., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Lygda, A., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., ălaş, G. E. Păv, Pellegrino, C., Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Pontoriere, V., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Probst, I., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tatone, F., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

KM3NeT/ORCA is a next-generation neutrino telescope optimised for atmospheric neutrino oscillations studies. In this paper, the sensitivity of ORCA to the presence of a light sterile neutrino in a 3+1 model is presented. After three years of data taking, ORCA will be able to probe the active-sterile mixing angles $\theta_{14}$, $\theta_{24}$, $\theta_{34}$ and the effective angle $\theta_{\mu e}$, over a broad range of mass squared difference $\Delta m^2_{41} \sim [10^{-5}, 10]$ $\rm{eV}^2$, allowing to test the eV-mass sterile neutrino hypothesis as the origin of short baseline anomalies, as well as probing the hypothesis of a very light sterile neutrino, not yet constrained by cosmology. ORCA will be able to explore a relevant fraction of the parameter space not yet reached by present measurements.

Published
2021

23. Determining the Neutrino Mass Ordering and Oscillation Parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA

Author

Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., De Palma, M., Di Marino, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geisselbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Haefner, J., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The next generation of water Cherenkov neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea are under construction offshore France (KM3NeT/ORCA) and Sicily (KM3NeT/ARCA). The KM3NeT/ORCA detector features an energy detection threshold which allows to collect atmospheric neutrinos to study flavour oscillation. This paper reports the KM3NeT/ORCA sensitivity to this phenomenon. The event reconstruction, selection and classification are described. The sensitivity to determine the neutrino mass ordering was evaluated and found to be 4.4 $\sigma$ if the true ordering is normal and 2.3 $\sigma$ if inverted, after three years of data taking. The precision to measure $\Delta m^2_{32}$ and $\theta_{23}$ were also estimated and found to be $85\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$ and $(^{+1.9}_{-3.1})^{\circ}$ for normal neutrino mass ordering and, $75\cdot10^{-6}$ eV$^2$ and $(^{+2.0}_{-7.0})^{\circ}$ for inverted ordering. Finally, a unitarity test of the leptonic mixing matrix by measuring the rate of tau neutrinos is described. Three years of data taking were found to be sufficient to exclude $\nu_{\tau}$ and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ event rate variations larger than 20% at $3\sigma$ level., Comment: Accepted for publication at EPJ-C

Published
2021
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24. The KM3NeT potential for the next core-collapse supernova observation with neutrinos

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., De Martino, B., De Palma, M., Di Marino, M., Di Palma, I., Dıaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Haefner, J., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martınez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Mazzou, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Passaro, G., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Rivoire, S., Romanov, A., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Thiersen, H., Tingay, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Unbehaun, T., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., Vermariën, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The KM3NeT research infrastructure is under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of two water Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, aimed at neutrino astrophysics and oscillation research, respectively. Instrumenting a large volume of sea water with $\sim$ 6,200 optical modules comprising a total of $\sim$ 200,000 photomultiplier tubes, KM3NeT will achieve sensitivity to $\sim$ 10 MeV neutrinos from Galactic and near-Galactic core-collapse supernovae through the observation of coincident hits in photomultipliers above the background. In this paper, the sensitivity of KM3NeT to a supernova explosion is estimated from detailed analyses of background data from the first KM3NeT detection units and simulations of the neutrino signal. The KM3NeT observational horizon (for a $5\,\sigma$ discovery) covers essentially the Milky-Way and for the most optimistic model, extends to the Small Magellanic Cloud ($\sim$ 60 kpc). Detailed studies of the time profile of the neutrino signal allow assessment of the KM3NeT capability to determine the arrival time of the neutrino burst with a few milliseconds precision for sources up to 5$-$8 kpc away, and detecting the peculiar signature of the standing accretion shock instability if the core-collapse supernova explosion happens closer than 3$-$5 kpc, depending on the progenitor mass. KM3NeT's capability to measure the neutrino flux spectral parameters is also presented., Comment: submitted to EPJC

Published
2021
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25. Deep-sea deployment of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope detection units by self-unrolling

Author

The KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Albert, A., Garre, S. Alves, Aly, Z., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bakker, R., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Berbeen, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Billault, M., Bissinger, M., Boettcher, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caiffi, B., Caillat, L., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Corredoira, I., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzau, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabella, O., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gatelet, Y., Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gostiaux, L., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grella, G., Grmek, A., Guderian, D., Guidii, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., van Heerwaarden, J., Heijboer, A., Hekaloa, A., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hillebrand, T., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Ilioni, A., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Laan, M., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Laurence, J., Breton, R. Le, Leonardi, O., Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Clark, M. Lindsey, Lipreau, T., Longhitano, F., LopezCotoa, D., Maderer, L., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastroianni, S., Mazzou, S., Melis, K. W., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Pérez, D. Muñoz, Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Fearraigh, B. Ó, O'Sullivan, M., Organokov, M., Orlando, A., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Rabyang, O., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rivoire, S., Rovelli, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Taiutii, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Tézier, D., Thakore, T., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

KM3NeT is a research infrastructure being installed in the deep Mediterranean Sea. It will house a neutrino telescope comprising hundreds of networked moorings - detection units or strings equipped with optical instrumentation to detect the Cherenkov radiation generated by charged particles from neutrino-induced collisions in its vicinity. In comparison to moorings typically used for oceanography, several key features of the KM3NeT string are different: the instrumentation is contained in transparent and thus unprotected glass spheres; two thin Dyneema ropes are used as strength members; and a thin delicate backbone tube with fibre-optics and copper wires for data and power transmission, respectively, runs along the full length of the mooring. Also, compared to other neutrino telescopes such as ANTARES in the Mediterranean Sea and GVD in Lake Baikal, the KM3NeT strings are more slender to minimise the amount of material used for support of the optical sensors. Moreover, the rate of deploying a large number of strings in a period of a few years is unprecedented. For all these reasons, for the installation of the KM3NeT strings, a custom-made, fast deployment method was designed. Despite the length of several hundreds of metres, the slim design of the string allows it to be compacted into a small, re-usable spherical launching vehicle instead of deploying the mooring weight down from a surface vessel. After being lowered to the seafloor, the string unfurls to its full length with the buoyant launching vehicle rolling along the two ropes.The design of the vehicle, the loading with a string, and its underwater self-unrolling are detailed in this paper.

Published
2020

26. The Control Unit of the KM3NeT Data Acquisition System

Author

Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Bendahman, M., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Bouta, M., Bouvet, G., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Branzas, H., Bruchner, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., Bojaddaini, I. El, Eljarrari, H., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Franco, A., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Breton, R. Le, Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martignac, G., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mazzou, S., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nielsen, C., Fearraigh, B. O', Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Panagopoulos, V., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Pavalas, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pieterse, C., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Polydefki, G., Popa, V., Post, M., Pradier, T., Puhlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapicavoli, A., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rigalleau, L., Rovelli, A., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Vannoye, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczynski, R., de Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The KM3NeT Collaboration runs a multi-site neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. Water Cherenkov particle detectors, deep in the sea and far off the coasts of France and Italy, are already taking data while incremental construction progresses. Data Acquisition Control software is operating off-shore detectors as well as testing and qualification stations for their components. The software, named Control Unit, is highly modular. It can undergo upgrades and reconfiguration with the acquisition running. Interplay with the central database of the Collaboration is obtained in a way that allows for data taking even if Internet links fail. In order to simplify the management of computing resources in the long term, and to cope with possible hardware failures of one or more computers, the KM3NeT Control Unit software features a custom dynamic resource provisioning and failover technology, which is especially important for ensuring continuity in case of rare transient events in multi-messenger astronomy. The software architecture relies on ubiquitous tools and broadly adopted technologies and has been successfully tested on several operating systems.

Published
2019
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27. KM3NeT front-end and readout electronics system: hardware, firmware and software

Author

The KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., van Beveren, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Bissinger, M., Bos, P., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Bouta, M., Bouvet, G., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Briel, M., Bruchner, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., Bojaddaini, I. El, Eljarrari, H., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Fusco, L. A., Gajanana, D., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Giuliante, A., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Santiago, E. Huesca, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., K., Meghna K., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Breton, R. Le, Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maggi, G., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martignac, G., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mazzou, S., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nielsen, C., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Panagopoulos, V., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrini, G., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Polydefki, G., Popa, V., Post, M., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapicavoli, A., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rigalleau, L., Rovelli, A., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J., Schnabel, J., Sciacca, V., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Stransky, D., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Timmer, P., Tingay, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The KM3NeT research infrastructure being built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will host water-Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes will consist of large volume three-dimensional grids of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light from charged particles produced by neutrino-induced interactions. Each optical module houses 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes, instrumentation for calibration of the photomultiplier signal and positioning of the optical module and all associated electronics boards. By design, the total electrical power consumption of an optical module has been capped at seven watts. This paper presents an overview of the front-end and readout electronics system inside the optical module, which has been designed for a 1~ns synchronization between the clocks of all optical modules in the grid during a life time of at least 20 years., Comment: Prepared submission to Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (JATIS)

Published
2019

28. Dependence of atmospheric muon flux on seawater depth measured with the first KM3NeT detection units

Author

KM3NeT Collaboration, Ageron, M., Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. M. van den, Bertin, V., van Beveren, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Bianucci, S., Billault, M., Bissinger, M., de Boer, R., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Briel, M., Bruchner, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Cacopardo, G., Caillat, L., Calì, C., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Colonges, S., Coniglione, R., Cosquer, A., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amico, A., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Palma, M., De Sio, C., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzaud, C., van Dooren, L., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., Bojaddaini, I. El, Eljarrari, H., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Fusco, L. A., Gajanana, D., Gal, T., Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Giuliante, A., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Grimaldi, A., Grmek, A., Guderian, D., Guerzoni, M., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Henry, S., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Santiago, E. Huesca, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jansweijer, P., Jongen, M., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Kayzel, F., Keller, P., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, van der Knaap, F., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Koopstra, J., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., K., Meghna K., Lahmann, R., Lamare, P., Larosa, G., Laurence, J., Breton, R. Le, Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Librizzi, F., Lincetto, M., Litrico, P., Alvarez, C. D. Llorens, Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lopez-Coto, D., Maggi, G., Mańczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nielsen, C., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Panagopoulos, V., Pancaldi, G., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastore, C., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrini, G., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Polydefki, G., Popa, V., Post, M., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Rapicavoli, A., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Reck, S., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Rigalleau, L., Rizza, G., Rocco, R., Rovelli, A., Royon, J., Salemi, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schmelling, J., Sciacca, V., Sciliberto, D., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Stransky, D., Stüven, T., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Tézier, D., Thakore, T., Theraube, S., Timmer, P., Tingay, S., Trovato, A., Tsagkli, S., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Valieri, C., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., de Wasseige, G., Wilms, J., Wojaczyński, R., de Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

KM3NeT is a research infrastructure located in the Mediterranean Sea, that will consist of two deep-sea Cherenkov neutrino detectors. With one detector (ARCA), the KM3NeT Collaboration aims at identifying and studying TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrino sources. With the other detector (ORCA), the neutrino mass ordering will be determined by studying GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The first KM3NeT detection units were deployed at the Italian and French sites between 2015 and 2017. In this paper, a description of the detector is presented, together with a summary of the procedures used to calibrate the detector in-situ. Finally, the measurement of the atmospheric muon flux between 2232-3386 m seawater depth is obtained., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

Published
2019
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29. Letter of Interest for a Neutrino Beam from Protvino to KM3NeT/ORCA

Author

Akindinov, A. V., Anassontzis, E. G., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Bertin, V., Bourret, S., Bozza, C., Bruchner, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chepurnov, A. S., Molla, M. Colomer, Coyle, P., Creusot, A., de Wasseige, G., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Eberl, T., Enzenhöfer, A., Faifman, M., Filipović, M. D., Fusco, L., Garkusha, V. I., Gal, T., Gozzini, S. R., Graf, K., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Hallmann, S., Heijboer, A., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Ivanov, S. V., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kalaczyński, P., Kakorin, I. D., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kirsanov, M. M., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Kuzmin, K. S., Breton, R. Le, Lebedev, O. P., Lincetto, M., Litvinovich, E., Lopez-Coto, D., Markou, C., Maximov, A. V., Melis, K. W., Muller, R., Naumov, V. A., Navas, S., Nauta, L., Nielsen, C., Novoskoltsev, F. N., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Papalashvili, G., Perrin-Terrin, M., Poirè, C., Pradier, T., Quinn, L., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Seneca, J., Shanidze, R., Shirokov, E. V., Sinopoulou, A., Sinyukov, R. Yu., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Sokalski, I., Sokolov, A. A., Spisso, B., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Thakore, T., Tzamariudaki, E., Van Elewyck, V., de Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zaitsev, A. M., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Protvino accelerator facility located in the Moscow region, Russia, is in a good position to offer a rich experimental research program in the field of neutrino physics. Of particular interest is the possibility to direct a neutrino beam from Protvino towards the KM3NeT/ORCA detector, which is currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea 40 km offshore Toulon, France. This proposal is known as P2O. Thanks to its baseline of 2595 km, this experiment would yield an unparalleled sensitivity to matter effects in the Earth, allowing for the determination of the neutrino mass ordering with a high level of certainty after only a few years of running at a modest beam intensity of $\approx$ 90 kW. With a prolonged exposure ($\approx$ 1500 kW*yr), a 2$\sigma$ sensitivity to the leptonic CP-violating Dirac phase can be achieved. A second stage of the experiment, comprising a further intensity upgrade of the accelerator complex and a densified version of the ORCA detector (Super-ORCA), would allow for up to a 6$\sigma$ sensitivity to CP violation and a 10$^\circ$-17$^\circ$ resolution on the CP phase after 10 years of running with a 450 kW beam, competitive with other planned experiments. The initial composition and energy spectrum of the neutrino beam would need to be monitored by a near detector, to be constructed several hundred meters downstream from the proton beam target. The same neutrino beam and near detector set-up would also allow for neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements to be performed. A short-baseline sterile neutrino search experiment would also be possible., Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables

Published
2019
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30. Sensitivity of the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope to point-like neutrino sources

Author

The KM3NeT Collaboration, Aiello, S., Akrame, S. E., Ameli, F., Anassontzis, E. G., Andre, M., Androulakis, G., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Bagatelas, C., Barbarino, G., Baret, B., Barrios-Martí, J., Belias, A., Berbee, E., Berg, A. van den, Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Biagioni, A., Biernoth, C., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzas, H., Bruchner, M., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Calvo, D., Capone, A., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Molla, M. Colomer, Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cuttone, G., D'Onofrio, A., Dallier, R., De Sio, C., Di Palma, I., Díaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donà, R., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Durocher, M., Eberl, T., van Eijk, D., Bojaddaini, I. El, Eljarrari, H., Elsaesser, D., Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filipovic, M. D., Fusco, L. A., Gal, T., Garcia, A., Garufi, F., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Giuliante, A., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Grasso, D., Grégoire, T., Grella, G., Hallmann, S., Hamdaoui, H., van Haren, H., Heid, T., Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hofestädt, J., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jongen, M., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalaczynski, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kiessling, D., Koffeman, E. N., Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kreter, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Kunhikannan-Kannichankandy, M., Lahmann, R., Larosa, G., Breton, R. Le, Leone, F., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Coto, D. Lopez, Lotze, M., Maderer, L., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Mannheim, K., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mele, R., Melis, K. W., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Miranda, L. S., Mollo, C. M., Morganti, M., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nielsen, C., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Organokov, M., Orlando, A., Ottonello, S., Panagopoulos, V., Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Pikounis, K., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Polydefki, G., Popa, V., Post, M., Pradier, T., Pühlhofer, G., Pulvirenti, S., Quinn, L., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Real, D., Resvanis, L., Reubelt, J., Riccobene, G., Richer, M., Rigalleau, L., Rovelli, A., Saffer, M., Salvadori, I., Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santangelo, A., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Schumann, J., Sciacca, V., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simeone, F., Sinopoulou, A., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Steijger, J., Stellacci, S. M., Strandberg, B., Stransky, D., Stüven, T., Taiuti, M., Tatone, F., Tayalati, Y., Tenllado, E., Thakore, T., Trovato, A., Tzamariudaki, E., Tzanetatos, D., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., Zaborov, D., Zornoza, J. D., and Zúñiga, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

KM3NeT will be a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ARCA detector, to be installed at the Capo Passero site (Italy), is optimised for the detection of high-energy neutrinos of cosmic origin. Thanks to its geographical location on the Northern hemisphere, KM3NeT/ARCA can observe upgoing neutrinos from most of the Galactic Plane, including the Galactic Centre. Given its effective area and excellent pointing resolution, KM3NeT/ARCA will measure or significantly constrain the neutrino flux from potential astrophysical neutrino sources. At the same time, it will test flux predictions based on gamma-ray measurements and the assumption that the gamma-ray flux is of hadronic origin. Assuming this scenario, discovery potentials and sensitivities for a selected list of Galactic sources and to generic point sources with an $E^{-2}$ spectrum are presented. These spectra are assumed to be time independent. The results indicate that an observation with $3\sigma$ significance is possible in about six years of operation for the most intense sources, such as Supernovae Remnants RX\,J1713.7-3946 and Vela Jr. If no signal will be found during this time, the fraction of the gamma-ray flux coming from hadronic processes can be constrained to be below 50\% for these two objects., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physics

Published
2018
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31. First observation of the cosmic ray shadow of the Moon and the Sun with KM3NeT/ORCA

Author

Aiello, S., Albert, A., Alves Garre, S., Aly, Z., Ambrosone, A., Ameli, F., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anguita, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aublin, J., Bagatelas, C., Bailly-Salins, L., Baret, B., Pree, S. Basegmez du, Becherini, Y., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Berbee, E., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Boettcher, M., Cabo, M. Bou, Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M., Bozza, C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Bruno, R., Buis, E., Buompane, R., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Carenini, F., Carretero, V., Castaldi, P., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Chau, N., Chen, A., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Cherubini, S., Chiarella, V., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A., Cuttone, G., Dallier, R., Darras, Y., De Benedittis, A., De Martino, B., Burgo, R. Del, Palma, I. Di, Dìaz, A. F., Diego-Tortosa, D., Distefano, C., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Dörr, M., Drakopoulou, E., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., Eddyamoui, A., Eeden, T. van, Eff, M., Eijk, D. van, Bojaddaini, I. El, Hedri, S. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Espinosa, V., Ferrara, G., Filipović, M. D., Filippini, F., Fusco, L. A., Gabriel, J., Gal, T., Méndez, J. García, Soto, A. Garcia, Garufi, F., Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N., Gialanella, L., Giorgio, E., Girardi, A., Goos, I., Gozzini, S. R., Gracia, R., Graf, K., Guderian, D., Guidi, C., Guillon, B., Gutiérrez, M., Haegel, L., Haren, H. van, Heijboer, A., Hekalo, A., Hennig, L., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Huang, F., Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Janezashvili, D., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jung, B. J., Kalaczyński, P., Kalekin, O., Katz, U. F., Chowdhury, N. R. Khan, Kistauri, G., Knaap, F. van der, Kooijman, P., Kouchner, A., Kulikovskiy, V., Labalme, M., Lahmann, R., Lakhal, A., Lamoureux, M., Larosa, G., Lastoria, C., Lazo, A., Breton, R. Le, Stum, S. Le, Lehaut, G., Leonora, E., Lessing, N., Levi, G., Liang, S., Clark, M. Lindsey, Longhitano, F., Maderer, L., Majumdar, J., Mańczak, J., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Markou, C., Martin, L., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Martini, A., Marzaioli, F., Mastrodicasa, M., Mastroianni, S., Melis, K. W., Miccichè, S., Miele, G., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Mijakowski, P., Mollo, C. M., Morales-Gallegos, L., Morley-Wong, C., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Musone, M. R., Musumeci, M., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nicolau, C. A., Nkosi, B., Fearraigh, B. Ó., Orlando, A., Oukacha, E., González, J. Palacios, Papalashvili, G., Papaleo, R., Pastor Gomez, E. J., Păun, A. M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Peña Martínez, S., Perrin-Terrin, M., Perronnel, J., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Pisanti, O., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pulvirenti, S., Quéméner, G., Rahaman, U., Randazzo, N., Razzaque, S., Rea, I. C., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Robinson, J., Romanov, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Losa, A. Sánchez, Sanguineti, M., Santonastaso, C., Santonocito, D., Sapienza, P., Sathe, A., Schnabel, J., Schneider, M. F., Schumann, J., Schutte, H. M., Seneca, J., Sgura, I., Shanidze, R., Sharma, A., Simonelli, A., Sinopoulou, A., Smirnov, M. V., Spisso, B., Spurio, M., Stavropoulos, D., Stellacci, S. M., Taiuti, M., Tavzarashvili, K., Tayalati, Y., Tedjditi, H., Thiersen, H., Tsagkli, S., Tsourapis, V., Tzamariudaki, E., Elewyck, V. Van, Vannoye, G., Vasileiadis, G., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Warnhofer, H., Wilms, J., de Wolf, E., Yepes-Ramirez, H., Yousfi, T., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zito, D., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., and Zywucka, N.

Published
2023
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32. Phytochemical management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) kofoid and white chitwood by Artemisia spp. in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Author

R. Khan, I. Naz, S. Hussain, R. A. A. Khan, S. Ullah, M. U. Rashid, and I. Siddique

Subjects
Artemisia spp., Meloidogyne incognita, tomato, phytochemicals, eco-friendly management, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract In vitro and screen house experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of thirteen phytochemicals from Artemisia elegantissimia and A. incisa on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cv. Rio Grande. A positive control (Carbofuran) and negative control (H2O) were also used for comparison. Effectiveness of phytochemicals against juveniles (J2s) mortality and egg hatch inhibition were evaluated after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation at three concentrations viz; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL in vitro conditions. Amongst thirteen phytochemicals, Isoscopletin (Coumarin), Carbofuran and Apigenin (Flavonoid) showed the highest mortality and egg hatch inhibition of M. incognita at all intervals. Inhibition of eggs and J2s mortality were the greatest (90.0%) and (96.0%) at 0.3 mg/mL concentration. Application of phytochemicals caused reduction in number of galls, galling index, and egg masses on tomato plant and enhanced plant growth parameters under screen house conditions. Gall numbers (1.50), galling index (1.00), number of juveniles (4.83) and egg masses (4.00) were greatly reduced and plant growth parameters such as; plant height (28.48 cm), fresh (72.13 g) and dry shoot weights (35.99 g), and root fresh (6.58 g) and dry weights (1.43 g) were increased significantly by using Isoscopletin. In structure activity relationship, juveniles of M. incognita, exhibited variations in their shape and postures upon death when exposed to different concentrations of phytochemicals of Artemisia spp. The present study suggests that Artemisia based phytochemicals possess strong nematicidal effects and can be used effectively in an integrated disease management program against root knot nematodes.

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33. Drinking water quality of various sources in Peshawar, Mardan, Kohat and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Author

F. Awan, M. M. Ali, I. Q. Afridi, S. Kalsoom, S. Firyal, S. Nawaz, R. Akhtar, A. Iqbal, S. Saeed, R. Naseer, T. Mehmood, N. Luqman, H.M. Ahmad, H. Sadia, M. S. A. Taseer, A. R. Khan, and N. Rafique

Subjects
chloride, QH301-705.5, Science, sulfato, Peshawar, nitrate, Water Quality, Escherichia coli, Humans, Pakistan, Biology (General), cloreto, nitrite, nitrato, Drinking Water, nitrito, faecal coliforms, Botany, Kohat, sulphate, TSS, QL1-991, QK1-989, coliformes fecais, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Zoology
Abstract

The present study involves the chemical and bacteriological analysis of water from different sources i.e., bore, wells, bottle, and tap, from Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Kohat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. From each district, 50 water samples (10 samples from each source), regardless of urban and rural status, were collected from these sources and analysed for sulphates, nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, total soluble solids and coliforms (E. coli). Results indicated that majority of the water sources had unacceptable E. coli count i.e.> 34 CFU/100mL. E. coli positive samples were high in Mardan District, followed by Kohat, Swat and Peshawar district. Besides this, the some water sources were also chemically contaminated by different inorganic fertilizers (nitrates/nitrites of sodium, potassium) but under safe levels whereas agricultural and industrial wastes (chloride and sulphate compounds) were in unsafe range. Among all districts, the water quality was found comparatively more deteriorated in Kohat and Mardan districts than Peshawar and Swat districts. Such chemically and bacteriologically unfit water sources for drinking and can cause human health problems. Resumo O presente estudo envolve a análise química e bacteriológica de água de diferentes fontes, ou seja, furo, poços, garrafa e torneira, dos distritos de Peshawar, Mardan, Swat e Kohat da província de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Paquistão. De cada distrito, 50 amostras de água (10 amostras de cada fonte), independentemente do status urbano e rural, foram coletadas dessas fontes e analisadas para sulfatos, nitratos, nitritos, cloretos, sólidos solúveis totais e coliformes (E. coli). Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das fontes de água tinha uma contagem inaceitável de E. coli, ou seja, > 34 UFC / 100 mL. As amostras positivas para E. coli foram elevadas no distrito de Mardan, seguido por Kohat, Swat e distrito de Peshawar. Além disso, algumas fontes de água também foram contaminadas quimicamente por diferentes fertilizantes inorgânicos (nitratos/nitritos de sódio, potássio), mas em níveis seguros, enquanto os resíduos agrícolas e industriais (compostos de cloreto e sulfato) estavam em níveis inseguros. Entre todos os distritos, a qualidade da água foi considerada comparativamente mais deteriorada nos distritos de Kohat e Mardan do que nos distritos de Peshawar e Swat. Essas fontes de água química e bacteriologicamente impróprias para beber podem causar problemas à saúde humana.

Published
2024
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34. Epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Author

W. Iqbal, U. Iram, S. Nisar, N. Musa, A. Alam, M. R. Khan, B. Ullah, M. Ullah, and I. Ali

Subjects
Male, mucocutaneus leishmaniasis, treatment, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, KP, cutaneous leishmaniasis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Pakistan, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Child
Abstract

Current cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2019 to January 2020 at the Department of Pathology, Mardan Medical Complex (MMC), Mardan, and District Headquarter Hospital North Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of leishmaniasis and its associated risk factors in selected districts of KP province, Pakistan. Altogether, three hundred and seventy-four (n=374) leishmaniosis patients were included in the current study. Skin specimen from the ulcer border were collected. The slides were stained by Giemsa stain and examined for the presence of amastigote. The prevalence of leishmania infected patients in different region of KP were as follows: North Waziristan region 53.7 (n=201) District Mardan 34.7% (n=130); District Nowshera 6.7% (n=25), District Swabi 1.1% (n=4) and other Districts i.e. Dir, Malakand, Buner and Bajawarr were 3.7% (n=14). The frequency of leishmaniasis were more in male and majority of the infected patients were in the age group of

Published
2024

35. A perspective of the prevalent H9N2 virus with a special focus on molecular and pathological aspects in commercial broiler chicken in Punjab, Pakistan

Author

S. F. Waheed, A. Aslam, M. R. Khan, K. Ashraf, and A. Anjum

Subjects
microscopia eletrônica, electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis, imunoistoquímica, gripe aviária, análise filogenética, Poultry, Influenza in Birds, immunohistochemistry, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype, histopathology, Animals, histopatologia, Pakistan, avian influenza, reação em cadeia da polimerase, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Chickens, Phylogeny
Abstract

Frequent outbreaks of avian influenza H9N2 virus in Pakistan revealed that this subtype has become endemic in the poultry industry and, besides economic losses, poses a threat to public health. The present study describes the molecular characterization and pathological alterations in naturally infected broiler chickens with the current H9N2 field strain and their phylogenomic dynamics. In this study, tissue samples (trachea, lung, kidney and intestine) from 100 commercial chicken flocks were collected from July 2018 to August 2019. Samples were subjected to molecular detection, phylogeny and subsequent pathological examination. The complete length of the HA gene was successfully amplified in five samples. Nucleotide sequencing revealed positive samples placed in a clade belonging to the B2 sub-lineage of the G1 genotype and categorized as LPAIV based on the amino acid sequence of the HA gene at the cleavage site (PAKSSR/G). Genetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene revealed nt: 80.5%-99.5%; aa: 83.8%-98.9% homology to H9N2 strains reported previously from Pakistan, neighbouring countries, and (A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97). Gross lesions include a slight airsacculitis, mild hemorrhages, diffuse congestion and purulent exudate in tracheal mucosa, fibrinonecrotic cast in the trachea lumen and mild pulmonary congestion. Histopathological alterations include sloughing of epithelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the trachea, mononuclear cells (MNCs) infiltration, pulmonary congestion and exudate in the lumen of parabronchi, peritubular congestion in the kidneys with degeneration of tubular epithelial cells and degenerative changes in the intestinal villi epithelial cells and goblet cell hyperplasia. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of AIVH9N2 antigen in the trachea, lungs, kidney and intestine. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes in the trachea, including degenerated cilia, mitochondrial swelling and enlarged endoplasmic reticulum. Based on all essential analysis, the present study revealed the distribution of the H9N2 virus of G1 genotype in Punjab, Pakistan, with mild to moderate pathogenicity. Resumo Surtos frequentes do vírus da gripe aviária H9N2 no Paquistão revelaram que esse subtipo se tornou endêmico na avicultura e, além das perdas econômicas, representa uma ameaça à saúde pública. O presente estudo descreve a caracterização molecular e as alterações patológicas em frangos de corte naturalmente infectados com a atual cepa H9N2 e sua dinâmica filogenômica. Neste estudo, amostras de tecidos (traqueia, pulmões, rim e intestino) de 100 lotes comerciais de frangos foram coletadas de julho de 2018 a agosto de 2019. As amostras foram submetidas à detecção molecular, filogenia e posterior exame patológico. O comprimento completo do gene HA foi amplificado com sucesso em cinco amostras. O sequenciamento de nucleotídeos revelou amostras positivas colocadas em um clado pertencente à sublinhagem B2 do genótipo G1 e categorizado como LPAIV com base na sequência de aminoácidos do gene da hemaglutinina (HA) no local de clivagem (PAKSSR/G). A análise genética do gene da HA revelou: nt = 80,5%-99,5%; aa = 83,8%-98,9% de homologia com cepas de H9N2 relatadas anteriormente no Paquistão e em países vizinhos (A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97). As lesões macroscópicas incluíram aerossaculite leve, hemorragias leves, congestão difusa e exsudato purulento na mucosa traqueal, cilindro fibrinonecrótico no lúmen da traqueia e congestão pulmonar leve. As alterações histopatológicas incluíram descamação de células epiteliais, infiltração de células inflamatórias na traqueia, infiltração de células mononucleares (MNCs), congestão pulmonar e exsudato no lúmen dos parabrônquios, congestão peritubular nos rins com degeneração das células epiteliais tubulares, alterações degenerativas nas células epiteliais das vilosidades intestinais e hiperplasia de células caliciformes. A análise imunoistoquímica confirmou a presença do antígeno AIVH9N2 na traqueia, nos pulmões, no rim e no intestino. A microscopia eletrônica revelou alterações ultraestruturais na traqueia, incluindo cílios degenerados, inchaço mitocondrial e retículo endoplasmático aumentado. Com base em todas as análises, o presente estudo revelou a distribuição do vírus H9N2 do genótipo G1 em Punjab, Paquistão, com patogenicidade de leve a moderada.

Published
2024
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36. Phylogenetic status and diet of red fox (Vulpes vulpes griffithii) inhabiting Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

Author

I. Rafaqat, T. Mahmood, L. M. Hennelly, F. Akrim, I. Uz-Zaman, H. Fatima, S. Andleeb, G. Muhammad, Y. Abbas, M. Farooq, N. Munawar, M. R. Khan, Abdul Hamid, and M. A. Orakzai

Subjects
QH301-705.5, Science, animal diseases, Botany, food and beverages, Vulpes vulpes, phylogenetics, QL1-991, red fox, QK1-989, parasitic diseases, scats, distribution, population characteristics, Biology (General), General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, diet, Zoology, geographic locations
Abstract

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a medium-sized carnivore that occurs in different regions of Pakistan, however, still lacks scientific data on its ecology and distribution. The current study investigated the phylogenetic status and diet of the red fox (V.v. griffithii) occurring in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan. Through camera trapping and molecular analysis, we confirmed the occurrence of red fox in the study area. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome B (304 bp) and limited sampling, nearly all red foxes of Ayubia National Park and surrounding Himalayan ranges fall within Holarctic maternal lineage, whereas red foxes found in plains of Pakistan are part of the basal Palearctic maternal lineage. Using 32 scats, we found that red fox diet comprises of 80% animal-based prey species (both wild and domestic) and 19% plant matter. The wild animal prey species included Cape hare (Lepus capensis) and flying squirrel (Pteromyini sp.), which constituted 17% and 15% of diet, respectively. Red foxes infrequently consumed House mouse (Mus musculus), Himalayan Palm civet (Paguma larvata) and sheep (Ovis aries), each comprising around 6% to 9% of red fox diet. The fox species also scavenged on domestic donkey opportunistically. Based on our sampling, our study suggests that the red fox (V.v. griffithii) that occurs in Ayubia National Park and across the lesser Himalayan ranges belongs to Holarctic maternal lineage. The study also highlights consumption of plant seeds by red foxes, indicating it may play an important ecological role in seed dispersal in Ayubia National Park.

Published
2024

38. Management of Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes: A HiRO Consensus Handbook on Process of Care

Author

Mikyla L. Janzen, Brianna Davies, Zachary W.M. Laksman, Jason D. Roberts, Shubhayan Sanatani, Christian Steinberg, Rafik Tadros, Julia Cadrin-Tourigny, Ciorsti MacIntyre, Joseph Atallah, Anne Fournier, Martin S. Green, Robert Hamilton, Habib R. Khan, Shane Kimber, Steven White, Jacqueline Joza, Bhavanesh Makanjee, Erkan Ilhan, David Lee, Simon Hansom, Alexios Hadjis, Laura Arbour, Richard Leather, Colette Seifer, Paul Angaran, Christopher S. Simpson, Jeffrey S. Healey, Martin Gardner, Mario Talajic, and Andrew D. Krahn

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2023
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39. Effect of Stress on Ovarian Follicular Activity in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows during Hot-humid Season

Author

Shobhit Ram, Manoj Kumar Awasthi, Javed R Khan, Parveen Kaisar, and Nishma Singh

Abstract

Present investigation was carried out to study the effect of stress on ovarian follicular activity in postpartum acyclic Sahiwal cows during hot-humid months. Postpartum ovarian activity was monitored using trans-rectal ultrasound scanning on alternate days beginning between day 60 and 90 postpartum in Sahiwal cows (n=16) up to next 21 days.Daily maximum temperature and relative humidity was recorded andtemperature-humidity index (THI)was calculated during study period. Six animals (37.5 %) showed presence of dominant follicle (≥10 mm, cyclic) and 10 animals (62.5 %) were classified as acyclic (ovarian follicle < 10 mm diameter). Present study demonstrated that as the value of THI reduced, the mean follicular diameter proportionately increased and vice versa. Based on the findings of present study, it may be concluded that development of ovarian follicle is highly affected by THI value during hot-humid season in Sahiwal cows and the reproductive performance of animal may be predicted using THI values.

Published
2023
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41. Sustainable intensification of vegetable production using the cereal ‘push-pull technology’: benefits and one health implications

Author

Frank Chidawanyika, Beatrice Muriithi, Saliou Niassy, Fredrick O. Ouya, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Menale Kassie, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

‘One health’ (OH) is a cross-sectoral approach that addresses human, plant, animal, and environmental health problems. The initiative stems from recognition of the convoluted linkages among global health risks and the need for coherent multipronged countermeasures. For agriculture, environmental degradation and biodiversity depletion wrought by heavy reliance on inorganic inputs to meet the needs of the ever-growing human population, are a matter of societal concern. Agroecological-based farming strategies have therefore aptly been promoted as an alternative. The push-pull technology (PPT), which was originally developed to combat stemborer pests and later the parasitic weed Striga is one such example. Undoubtedly, the PPT`s ability to maintain soil health and fertility, human and animal nutrition, and food safety together with crop protection against pests remains a progressive approach for buttressing food production among resource-constrained farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In a bid to elevate its nutrition-sensitivity status, we recently intensified the cereal PPT by adding vegetables and legumes whilst simultaneously closing yield gaps through judicious usage of land, and environmental and crop protection based on farmer needs. Such context-based interventions, unlock new benefits for farmers and open new frontiers for research in pest and biodiversity management emanating from crop production infused with food safety and environmental stewardship. Whilst OH has largely received attention regarding animal health and zoonotics, we here opine how sustainably managed crop health, in the vegetable intensified PPT, contributes to the same outcomes through human and animal nutrition, food safety that bolsters developmental goals in gender equity and food security. We conclude that the cropping system can even contribute to fight against zoonotic diseases if companion plants that fend off diseases vectors are incorporated.

Published
2023
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42. A retrospective comparative study of postoperative bleeding after coblation tonsillectomy versus noncoblation tonsillectomy in North Indian population

Author

Abdul R. Khan

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Background: This study was done to look at the difference in incidence of postoperative bleeding after tonsillectomy using coblation or noncoblation. Methods: A review of all the cases of tonsillectomy done at NIMS Medical college from January 2019 to September 2022 was done to ascertain type of tonsillectomy performed and the presence of postoperative bleeding. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test to determine a statistical difference between the postoperative bleeding rate of coblation and noncoblation method. The Cochraine-Armitage test of linear trend was done to measure change in the postoperative bleeds. The tested term was divided into two-month durations, and the coblation postoperative bleeds were checked for every 2-month period. Results: 238 tonsillectomies were performed. The postoperative bleed rate for noncoblation tonsillectomy was 3.4% (8/238) and 5/238 (2.1%) in coblation tonsillectomy. No statistical difference (p=0.93) was found between bleed rates for coblation versus noncoblation techniques. There was no difference seen in the need for operative intervention to control postoperative bleeding: 8 (5.4% of only non coblated patients and 3.4% of all tonsillectomy patients) for noncoblation procedure and 5 (5.6% of only coblated patients and 2.1% of all tonsillectomy patients) for coblation procedures (p=0.25). Postoperative bleed rates in coblation patients for the 2-month periods did not reveal an increasing or decreasing trend in the bleed rate (p=0.49). Conclusions: Coblation tonsillectomy is a safe method for performing tonsillar surgery with no significant difference in postoperative bleeding from previous techniques and no increased need for operative intervention to control postoperative bleeding.

Published
2023
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46. The association of serum immunoglobulins with cognition and dementia

Author

Samer R. Khan, Amber Yaqub, M. Kamran Ikram, P. Martin van Hagen, Robin P. Peeters, Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, Layal Chaker, M. Arfan Ikram, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, Neurology, and Immunology

Subjects
Neurology, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract

Background Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of dementia, but the association of serum immunoglobulins with dementia has been understudied and longitudinal data are currently lacking. We investigated the association of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, G, and M with cognition and dementia in a population-based cohort. Methods This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study. Participants with information on serum immunoglobulin levels, measured between 1997 and 2009, were followed for incident dementia until 2016. Assessment of cognitive function and dementia was performed according to validated tests and clinical criteria respectively. We studied the association between serum immunoglobulins with prevalent and incident dementia using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses respectively. We performed linear regression analyses to quantify the cross-sectional association of serum immunoglobulins with global cognition as well as separate cognitive tests. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle, and cardiovascular factors. Results We included 8768 participants (median age of 62.2 years, 57% women, median follow-up 10.7 years). Overall, none of the immunoglobulins was associated with prevalent or incident dementia. Higher IgG levels were associated with lower scores of global cognition (adjusted standardized mean difference − 0.04; 95% confidence interval:− 0.06; − 0.02) and separate cognitive tests. Conclusion In middle-aged and older individuals from the general population, serum Igs were not associated with prevalent or incident dementia, which may imply that serum Igs are not involved in the pathophysiology of dementia. Although higher IgG levels were associated with worse cognitive function, studies with longitudinal data should exclude reverse causation.

Published
2023
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48. Direct, Indirect, and Combined Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass for Adult Moyamoya Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Vincent N. Nguyen, Mustafa Motiwala, Turki Elarjani, Kenneth A. Moore, L. Erin Miller, Michael Barats, Nitin Goyal, Lucas Elijovich, Paul Klimo, Daniel A. Hoit, Adam S. Arthur, Jacques J. Morcos, and Nickalus R. Khan

Subjects
Adult, Stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Treatment Outcome, Cerebral Revascularization, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Moyamoya Disease, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Cerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract

Background: Moyamoya disease is a chronic, progressive cerebrovascular disease involving occlusion or stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery. We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate clinical and angiographic outcomes comparing direct, combined, and indirect bypass for the treatment of moyamoya disease in adults. Methods: Two independent authors performed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guided literature searches in December 2021 to identify articles reporting clinical/angiographic outcomes in adult moyamoya disease patients undergoing bypass. Primary end points used were ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, clinical outcomes, and angiographic revascularization. Study quality was evaluated with Newcastle-Ottawa and the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine scales. Results: Four thousand four hundred fifty seven articles were identified in the initial search; 143 articles were analyzed. There were 3827 direct, 3826 indirect, and 3801 combined bypasses. Average length of follow-up was 3.59±2.93 years. Pooled analysis significantly favored direct (odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [0.48–0.79]; P P P P =0.0001) and combined (OR, 0.53 [0.41–0.69]; P P P P =0.0001) over indirect bypass for early stroke, late stroke, late intracerebral hemorrhage, and favorable outcomes, respectively. Indirect bypass was favored over combined (OR, 3.1 [1.7–5.6]; P P P P =0.002) and combined (OR, 0.23 [0.12–0.43]; P P P =0.01). Conclusions: Based on combined meta-analysis (43 articles) and pooled analysis (143 articles), the existing literature indicates that combined and direct bypasses have significant benefits for patients suffering from late stroke and hemorrhage versus indirect bypass. Combined bypass was favored over indirect bypass for favorable outcomes. This is a strong recommendation based on low-quality evidence when utilizing the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. These findings have important implications for bypass strategy selection.

Published
2022
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49. Management of Late Blight of Potato caused by Phytophthora infestans through Botanical Aqueous Extracts

Author

Basharat Mehmood, Aneela Azad, Nasir Rahim, Shameem Arif, Muhammad R. Khan, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Tariq-Khan, Muhammad T. Younis, Asma Bashir, Sohail Ahmed, Javed R. Khan, Sahira Tariq, and Muhammad Jamil

Subjects
Plant Science, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Phytophthora infestans causing late blight is one of the most devastating tomato and potato disease that caused considerable yield losses globally including Pakistan. Due to repeated and injudicious synthetic fungicides applications for the control of late blight of potato, the fungicide resistance in P. infestans led to persistence and surveillance late blight of potato. The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Garlic (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Mint (Mentha) at 10%, 20% and 30% concentration as bio-fungicides against late blight of potato. In-vitro effect of plant extracts of A. sativum, A. indica, C. longa and Mentha were evaluated on percent inhibition and radial growth of pathogen. A. sativum and A. indica at 30% concentration was found more effective in minimizing the mycelial growth of P. infestans with inhibition of 58.4% and 43.9% respectively as compared to control. In the greenhouse trial, overall potato late blight disease incidence was minimum 5.81% where A. sativum extract was used followed by A. indica at 30% concentration resulted 8.45% incidence as compared to control 61.18%. Furthermore, the 30% aqueous extracts of A. sativum found highly effective against late blight disease with 15.4% severity, as compared to control with 54.13% disease coverage. Application of A. sativum and A. indica aqueous plant extracts with a concentration of 30% was found most promising and effective measure against late blight pathogen. Study provides environmentally benign mileage in organic vegetable production against hazardous synthetic agro-chemicals.

Published
2022
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50. Sound Velocities in Aqueous Solutions of n-Butylamine between 303.15 and 323.15 K: Experiment and Theory

Author

null Muhammad A. R. Khan, null Mohammed Sohel, Faisal I Chowdhury, and null Shamim Akhtar

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

Density (ρ) and sound velocity (u) have been measured for aqueous solutions of n-butylamine ( W + NBA) in the whole range of composition at an interval of 5 K. Deviation in Sound Velocity (∆u), Isentropic Compressibility (Ks), Excess Isentropic Compressibility (KsE), Specific Acoustic Impedance (Z), Rao's Constant (R) and Wada's Constant (W) have been calculated from measured u and ρ. ∆u versus x2 curve is negative and with the increment of temperature, ∆u decreases; Ks values of W + NBA are all positive whereas KsE values are all negative. All the above outcomes are interpreted in terms of molecular interaction especially hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic hydration between water and n-butylamine. Moreover, experimental data for u correlated with some theoretical equations. The relations are Nomoto’s Relation (uN), Impedance Relation (uIR), the Rao’s specific velocity method relation (uR), Van Deel’s ideal mixing relation (uIMR) and theoretical sound velocity according to Free Length Theory (uFLT). The validity of these relations with experimental values has been tested by measuring standard percentage deviation () and average percentage error (APE).

Published
2022
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