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The increasing popularity of 6G communication within the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) ecosystem is expected to induce a surge in both user numbers and data volumes. This expansion will cause substantial challenges in ensuring network security and privacy protection, as well as in addressing the associated issue of inadequate cloud computing resources. In this article, we propose a Quantum Efficient Privacy Protection (QEPP) protocol that leverages reversible information hiding in quantum point clouds. This protocol utilizes quantum communication technology in edge-to-cloud communication of the IoV to transmit sensitive information embedded in quantum state data, thereby ensuring privacy protection. It employs quantum error-correction coding and efficient coding techniques to extract information and recover the carriers. In addition, the protocol utilizes an improved quantum Grover algorithm in the cloud to accelerate the processing speed of quantum data. By addressing security vulnerabilities and improving cloud-computing capabilities, the QEPP can effectively accommodate critical requirements, including precision, timeliness, and robust privacy protection. © IEEE, Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China Study on the dynamic mechanism of grass land ecosystem response to climate change in Qinghai Plateau (Grant Number: U20A2098); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61373131 and 62071240); Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Grant Number: SKLNST-2020-1-17); PAPD and CICAEET funds.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the main criterion for arrhythmia detection. As a means of identification, ECG leakage seems to be a common occurrence due to the development of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). The advent of the quantum era makes it difficult for classical blockchain technology to provide security for ECG data storage. Therefore, from the perspective of safety and practicality, this article proposes a quantum arrhythmia detection system named QADS, which achieves secure storage and sharing of ECG data based on quantum blockchain technology. Furthermore, a quantum neural network is used in QADS to recognize abnormal ECG data, which contributes to further cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Each quantum block stores the hash of the current and previous block to construct a quantum block network. The new quantum blockchain algorithm introduces a controlled quantum walk hash function and a quantum authentication protocol to guarantee legitimacy and security while creating new blocks. In addition, this article constructs a hybrid quantum convolutional neural network nameded HQCNN to extract the temporal features of ECG to detect abnormal heartbeats. The simulation experimental results show that HQCNN achieves an average training and testing accuracy of 94.7% and 93.6%. And the detection stability is much higher than classical CNN with the same structure. HQCNN also has certain robustness under the perturbation of quantum noise. Besides, this article demonstrates through mathematical analysis that the proposed quantum blockchain algorithm has strong security and can effectively resist various quantum attacks, such as external attacks, Entanglement-Measure attack and Interception-Measurement-Repeat attack. © IEEE, Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61373131 and 62071240)

Security and privacy are issues that cannot be ignored when collecting and processing medical data in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Blockchain technology is a decentralized ledger system that has diverse application scenarios in the medical field. Blockchain technology relies on traditional cryptography to ensure data integrity and verifiability, but the creation of quantum computing has made it possible to break traditional encryption and signature methods. Therefore, quantum blockchain can provide a higher level of security for handling medical data. This paper innovatively designs a new medical data processing system based on quantum blockchain (QB-IMD). In QB-IMD, a quantum blockchain structure and a novel electronic medical record algorithm (QEMR) are proposed to ensure that the processed data is legitimate and tamper-proof. QEMR combines quantum signature and quantum identity authentication to avoid the potential security risks of digital signatures. In addition, through delegated computing by quantum cloud, medical diagnostic data can be computed without leaking to quantum cloud servers, thus protecting user privacy. Through mathematical proof, theoretical analysis and simulation, it is demonstrated that our scheme can resist six attacks and is feasible to protect user privacy. © IEEE, Funding: 10.13039/501100001809 - National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61373131, 62071240); Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R34), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Grant Number: RSP2023R34)

The technology of speech emotion recognition (SER) has been widely applied in the field of human-computer interaction within the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The incorporation of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data has accelerated the advancement of SER technology. However, this reveals challenges such as limited computational resources, data processing inefficiency, and security and privacy concerns. In recent years, quantum machine learning has been applied to the field of intelligent transportation, which has demonstrated its various advantages, including high prediction accuracy, robust noise resistance, and strong security. This study first integrates quantum federated learning (QFL) into 5G IoV using a quantum minimal gated unit (QMGU) recurrent neural network for local training. Then, it proposes a novel quantum federated learning algorithm, QFSM, to further enhance computational efficiency and privacy protection. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to existing algorithms using quantum long short-term memory network or quantum gated recurrent unit models, the QFSM algorithm has a higher recognition accuracy and faster training convergence rate. It also performs better in terms of privacy protection and noise robustness, enhancing its applicability and practicality. © IEEE, Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 61373131 and 62071240); PAPD and CICAEET funds.