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The main objective of this study is to analyse the perceptions of the law students on the human rights, specifically their knowledge and sensitivity regarding to the purposes of penalties. The application of criminal sanctions aims the protection of juridical assets and the reintegration of the agent into the society, with useful purposes, to safeguard legal peace in society and to avoid in the future the committing of other crimes by the condemned. In this sense, the execution of penalties should be oriented to promote that the condemned, after serving the sentence, be prepared to live responsibly in the community. Considering the constitutional principle of human dignity, it should be left to the condemned, as far as possible, during the execution of the sentence, his self-determination for his future resocialization. The application of penalties for purely retributive purposes is excluded and whenever possible, because of short prison sentences have been viewed negatively for having a stigmatizing character and criminogenic effects, it is planned to replace them with other non-custodial alternative sentences (such as fines penalties and community work consented by the condemned).Due to the constitutional principle of human dignity, the death penalty, the penalty of life imprisonment, the forced labour and corporal punishment are prohibited. Contrary to the humanist characteristic of the Portuguese Penal Code there is a popular tendency that defends heavier penalties, criminal sentences that are less respectful to the human dignity and the punishment of the condemned justified only by the punishment itself. In this research it was intended in particular to know how the students of the 2nd year of the Law Course from Oporto Portucalense University, in the academic year 2018-19, face the function of criminal penalties, after having learned Political Science and Constitutional Law in the 1st year and before being taught the program content of the curricular unit of Criminal Law. To achieve this goal, surveys were developed and then answered by 90 students. The results show that students need to be sensitized to the human rights dimension, since they have a vision that does not coincide with the one that is legally established and far from constitutional rights and guarantees. It was concluded that the majority adheres to the populist tendencies of the Criminal Law, being essential and necessary in the Academy an education more accentuated and effective for the human rights dimension.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Processuais Em todo o mundo a criminalidade sexual é uma preocupação. A reincidência em tal tipo de crimes tem gerado formas de reação penal que pretendem responder de forma mais eficaz às finalidades pretendidas, com especial enfoque na ressocialização. A castração química dos agressores sexuais tem sido uma das formas utilizadas para o efeito. Mas tirar a liberdade sexual mediante medicação hormonal, preterindo a liberdade ambulatória, não é consensual e deverá, acima de tudo, respeitar os mais elementares valores reconhecidos internacionalmente, plasmados nos mais diversos instrumentos internacionais existentes sobre esta matéria. Vários são os Estados que regulam a castração química como forma de punição/tratamento dos agressores sexuais. Também são muitos os Estados que apesar de não terem ainda um regime jurídico relativo à castração química, já sobre ele dispõem de projetos ou propostas de lei. A apreciação dos regimes jurídicos dos diversos Estados sobre a matéria permitirá determinar os principais aspetos habitualmente regulados bem como a forma de compatibilização de tais regimes com as Leis Fundamentais dos diversos Países e, consequentemente, com os direitos fundamentais internacionalmente reconhecidos. Como se verificará, nem sempre os regimes jurídicos encontram o equilíbrio entre punir/tratar os delinquentes sexuais e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos visados. Visitar tais diplomas legais e compreendê-los é o que se procurará, bem como alvitrar algumas sugestões sobre a matéria. Worldwide sexual crime is a concern. Recidivism in this type of crime has generated forms of criminal reaction that intend to respond more effectively to the intended purposes, with special focus on rehabilitation. The chemical castration of sex offenders has been one of the forms used for this purpose. But take sexual freedom by hormonal medication, away ambulatory freedom, it is not consensual and should, above all, respect the most basic internationally recognized values, enshrined in various existing international instruments on the matter. There are several states that regulate chemical castration as punishment / treatment of sex offenders. Also there are many states that despite not having a legal regime for the chemical castration, already on it have projects or bills. The appreciation of the legal systems of different States on the matter will determine the main aspects usually regulated and how to compatibility of such schemes with the Fundamental Laws of various countries and hence the fundamental rights internationally recognized. As will be shown, not always legal regimes find the balance between punishment / treat sex offenders and protection of the fundamental rights of those targeted. Visit such legislation and understand them is what you seek, and opine some suggestions on the matter. Orientação: Prof. Doutor Manuel da Costa Andrade