Search

In the wake of accelerated development in the vicinity of the Belgrade Fair and further plans for construction in this part of the city, the events that have unfolded during the past decade of Belgrade's urban development have situated Belgrade Fair as a key topic in the spotlight of the Serbian urban planning community. The objective of this paper is, first and foremost, the formulation of a methodologically broader critical matrix regarding the formation of an approach to the future adoption of strategies for the urban renewal of the Belgrade Fair (Sajam) complex. This complex, in addition to basic research on its architectural and urban qualities, also includes numerous current and temporal aspects from which it is possible to draw conclusions about the issue at hand. These analyses of the architectural and urban value of the fair complex observe the key themes and concepts that define the Sajam's spatial and developmental paradigm. They also accentuate current questions regarding the defragmentation of the heritage of modern architecture in architectural practice. Also highlighted, in addition to the architectural and urban planning composition of the first construction phase between 1953 and 1957, are the today less-known architectural and engineering aspects of the exhibition halls that lack heritage status, along with an exploration of the renewal or transformation of this space through an analysis of recent conceptual design proposals. This study, through synthesis, seeks to establish a comprehensive picture and the broader critical framework needed to pass judgement before the ideological and constructive breakdown of Belgrade's exhibition complex as a paradigm of Yugoslav purism. The conclusions leave space for the appreciation of different approaches, opening up new questions that clearly require social consensus and which have not yet been answered in the public or professional space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been considerable scholarly interest in the relationship between language and national identity. The topic is vast and multi-faceted, but in this paper we are especially interested in the manner in which the perceived interdependence between ‘mother tongue’ and ‘fatherland’ has often prompted policies intended to protect the former, and therefore the latter, of whatever was regarded as harmful influence. In particular, we intend to survey some lexicographical work undertaken in Great Britain and (what is now) Romania between the middle of the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century in order to compare decisions on prescriptivism or descriptivism in dictionaries, and the reasons behind them. While some background information will be necessary, our main focus will be the language metaphors which lexicographers and other people who brought a contribution to dictionary making resorted to in order to support their arguments in favour of or against prescriptivism/descriptivism.

Throughout Estonian history, the language ideologies prevailing in Europe have had great influence on Estonian language planning. Language planners, in turn, have influenced the views of Estonian society. In this paper we analyse how language ideologies have supported myths and beliefs throughout the history of cultivating Standard Estonian. The privileged status of Standard Estonian (compared to local dialects) strengthened considerably from the early 20th century. Although Estonian language planning became more tolerant and democratic since the 1980s, a totalitarian understanding of the language still remains in the background. Using foreign words and the mixing of languages and registers is considered especially objectionable due to the ideology of a small nation, which has to defend itself and its language. In the 2020s, discussions about language change and the principles of language planning re-emerged. These have been interesting, because language planning wishes to make the “top-down” language norms of Standard Estonian closer to actual language use, while language maintenance experts still see any potential changes as a threat to the Estonian language and even the nation. Kokkuvõte. Liina Lindström, Lydia Risberg, Helen Plado: Keeleideoloogiad ja uskumused keele kohta Eestis ja eesti keelekorralduses. Euroopas valitsevad keeleideoloogiad on aja jooksul eesti keelekorraldusele suurt mõju avaldanud. Keelekorraldajad on omakorda mõjutanud eesti ühiskonnas valitsevaid arusaamu. Artiklis analüüsime, kuidas keeleideoloogiad on alates 19. sajandist toetanud müüte ja uskumusi eesti kirjakeele kohta. 20. sajandi algul tugevnes kirjakeele staatus (võrreldes kohalike murretega) järsku, samuti süvenes hoiak, et on olemas „õige“ ja „vale“ keel. Kuigi eesti keelekorraldus muutus alates 1980. aastatest leebemaks ja demokraatlikumaks, on taustal püsinud siiski totalitaarne arusaam keelest. Võõrsõnu ja keelte ning registrite segamist peetakse eriti halvaks ideoloogia tõttu eestlastest kui väikesest rahvast, kes on pidanud ja peab ennast ja oma keelt pidevalt kaitsma. 2020. aastatel järjekordselt esile kerkinud uued arutelud on huvitavad, sest keelekorraldus soovib norminguid hoida tegeliku keelekasutusega kooskõlas, kuid keeletoimetajad ja õpetajad näevad võimalikke muudatusi ohuna nii eesti keelele kui isegi rahvusele. Niisiis on pika aja jooksul levinud keeleideoloogiad eestlastes tugevalt juurdunud.

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article studies English borrowings in modern Russian. One of the main factors of borrowing is globalization which resulted in closer cooperation between countries at the turn of the centuries. One of the central problems of sociolinguistics is exponentially intensive interrelation of languages in the modern world. The predictions of perspectives and evaluation of its results for the Russian language have been changing during the last several decades. At present the widely preferred approach is linguistic tolerance to the constant enrichment of the Russian language vocabulary with English borrowings. It is regarded as an inevitable result of scientifi c and technical progress, socio-cultural and economic processes which take place in world integration. The article studies English borrowings functioning in various Internet resources, which are classifi ed according to their thematic groups. These borrowings are analyzed from the point of view of their assimilation by the Russian language on all linguistic levels, namely: phonetic and graphical, morphological, grammatical and semantic. The evidence does not support some pessimistic statements of linguists that the Russian language “is being conquered” by the English language. A good illustration of this phenomenon is, for example, the assimilation of English monomorphemic borrowings, which become polymorphemic in the Russian language as it is characteristic of its synthetic structure as opposed to the analytical structure of the English language. It means that English borrowings take part in some defi nite word-formation processes, such as affi xation, acquiring certain grammatical categories which are typical for the Russian language. It is concluded that inner laws of the Russian language successfully confront uncontrolled expansion of English borrowings.

Throughout Estonian history, the language ideologies prevailing in Europe have had great influence on Estonian language planning. Language planners, in turn, have influenced the views of Estonian society. In this paper we analyse how language ideologies have supported myths and beliefs throughout the history of cultivating Standard Estonian. The privileged status of Standard Estonian (compared to local dialects) strengthened considerably from the early 20th century. Although Estonian language planning became more tolerant and democratic since the 1980s, a totalitarian understanding of the language still remains in the background. Using foreign words and the mixing of languages and registers is considered especially objectionable due to the ideology of a small nation, which has to defend itself and its language. In the 2020s, discussions about language change and the principles of language planning re-emerged. These have been interesting, because language planning wishes to make the “top-down” language norms of Standard Estonian closer to actual language use, while language maintenance experts still see any potential changes as a threat to the Estonian language and even the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Etudes Romanes de Brno is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines Le Corbusier's architectural design processes, paying special attention to his concept of "ineffable space". Le Corbusier related "ineffable space" to mathematics, arguing that both mathematics and the phenomenon of "ineffable space" provoke an effect of "concordance". He also argued that when the establishment of relations is "precise" and "overwhelming", architectural artefacts are capable of "provoking physiological sensations". For Le Corbusier, the sentiment of satisfaction and enjoyment that an architectural artefact can provoke is related to a perception of harmony. This article analyzes the reasons for which Le Corbusier insisted on the necessity to discover or invent "clear syntax" through architectural composition. He believed that the power of architectural artefacts lies in their "clear syntax". Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship of Le Corbusier's theories of space with those of Henri Bergson and the De Stijl movement. At the core of the reflections that are developed here are Le Corbusier's "patient search" ("recherche patiente") and the vital role of the act of drawing for the process of inscribing images in memory. For Le Corbusier, drawing embodied the acts of observing, discovering, inventing and creating. This article also relates Le Corbusier's interest in proportions and his conception of the Modulor to post-war Italian neo-humanistic approaches in architecture. It intends to render explicit how Le Corbusier's definition of architecture was reshaped, shedding light on the shift from defining architecture as clear syntax to defining architecture as the succession of events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter examines the role and need for ethics in mathematical practice. Mathematics is one of the few areas of study in which ethics is widely perceived as irrelevant. Many mathematicians and others resist the idea that we need to consider the ethics of both pure and applied mathematics. The foundations of this resistance are analyzed and located in background philosophies and ideologies of purism and neutrality. The range of social practices is investigated, and different ethical problems and issues are brought to light. It is argued that virtuous mathematicians can legitimately pursue mathematics for its own sake, but as citizens they also have a responsibility to care about the social impacts of mathematics. A review of the literature on the social responsibility of science and mathematics reveals that, although long neglected, concerns about the ethics of mathematics are starting to emerge in publications and training practices. Some of the more ethically sensitive areas are explored and three problematic categories are distinguished and exemplified. These are (1) mathematics in public communications, (2) overt applications of mathematics with powerful social impacts, and (3) the hidden performativity of mathematics in restructuring society, institutions, and social practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attempts have been made to examine how speakers frame linguistic varieties by employing social semiotic models. Using ethnographic data collected over many years, this article applies such a model to Iceland, once described as the ‘e-coli of linguistics’ – its size, historical isolation and relative linguistic homogeneity create conditions akin to a sociolinguistic laboratory. This semiotic model of language ideologies problematizes the prevailing discourse of linguistic purism at a time of sociolinguistic upheaval. The analysis shows how an essentializing scheme at the heart of Icelandic language policy ensured that linguistic “anomalies” such as “dative disease” and “genitive phobia” indexed essential differences. “Impure” language was indicative of un-Icelandicness. Once monolingual (indeed monodialectal), the Icelandic speech community is increasingly characterized by innovative linguistic transgressions which thus far have not been instrumentalized by language policy makers. It is shown how a semiotic model can help us analyse the function of language ideologies more generally.

A traditional problem of ethics in mathematics is the denial of social responsibility. Pure mathematics is viewed as neutral and value free, and therefore free of ethical responsibility. Applications of mathematics are seen as employing a neutral set of tools which, of themselves, are free from social responsibility. However, mathematicians are convinced they know what constitutes good mathematics. Furthermore many pure mathematicians are committed to purism, the ideology that values purity above applications in mathematics, and some historical reasons for this are discussed. MacIntyre's virtue ethics accommodates both the good mathematician (and good pure mathematics) and the ethics of the social practice of mathematics. It demonstrates that purism is compatible with acknowledging the social responsibility of mathematics. Four aspects of this responsibility are mentioned, two concerning the impact of mathematics via education, and two concerning explicit and implicit applications of mathematics. The last of these opens up the performativity of mathematical and measurement applications in society, which change the very processes they are supposed to measure. Although these applications are not explored in detail, they illustrate the importance of considering the ethics and social responsibility of mathematics in society. MacIntyre's virtue theory opens a broad approach to the controversial topic of the ethics of mathematics encompassing purism, and absolutist and social constructivist philosophies of mathematics, but still enabling ethical critiques of the impact of mathematics on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses several Russian and Croatian linguistic terms and aims to demonstrate that linguists tend to equate characteristic features of communicative situations with features of linguistic units occurring in these situations. The terms coined to be exact designations of a certain scientifi c notion and used in the academic style are perceived by many scholars as signs devoid of any emotion and expressiveness. Clearly, the use of terms does not imply any expressiveness if they are employed for the purpose they have been created for, namely for the sake of alloting the exact name to a newly-discovered phenomenon and incorporating the given name into the existing terminological framework. However, the coinage of terms sometimes ceases to be a vital need and transforms into designating something new for the sake of it, which conceals a totally diff erent aim. This aim might be, e.g., designating oneself as different from “laymen”, and to this end terms of foreign origin are readily at hand (the tendency to alienate terminology from everyday language). This aim might also be the demonstration of the fact that a certain language can well serve as a language of science and elite culture making use of its own resources of word formation and semantics (the tendency to create new words despite the established tradition and in contrast to the opinion of another nation about this language). Thus, if creating terms transforms from a vital need into the process of designating for the sake of it, the main communicative aim of employing terms also shifts from its academic function to serving the goal of the writer/speaker to alienate him- or herself from anybody else (laymen, non-professionals, other nations etc.). And it is in this case that the use of terminology becomes expressive. Consequently, the expressiveness of the term is not determined by the properties of the term as a linguistic unit because these properties are secondary with regard to the initial intention of the speaker/writer.

Moral purism is the view that doing evil is never allowed, even as a means to prevent a greater evil. This article assesses two main versions of moral purism and shows that they are implausible. The first version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that results in a bad states of affairs, while the second version claims that it is always impermissible to choose an option that is wrong, even if it is only prima facie wrong. I contend that both versions are incomplete, in the sense that they are unable to provide practical guidance for cases in which all available options result in bad states of affairs, or in which all available options are prima facie wrong.

Attempts have been made to examine how speakers frame linguistic varieties by employing social semiotic models. Using ethnographic data collected over many years, this article applies such a model to Iceland, once described as the 'e-coli of linguistics' - its size, historical isolation and relative linguistic homogeneity create conditions akin to a sociolinguistic laboratory. This semiotic model of language ideologies problematizes the prevailing discourse of linguistic purism at a time of sociolinguistic upheaval. The analysis shows how an essentializing scheme at the heart of Icelandic language policy ensured that linguistic "anomalies" such as "dative disease" and "genitive phobia" indexed essential differences. "Impure" language was indicative of un-Icelandicness. Once monolingual (indeed monodialectal), the Icelandic speech community is increasingly characterized by innovative linguistic transgressions which thus far have not been instrumentalized by language policy makers. It is shown how a semiotic model can help us analyse the function of language ideologies more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Попович М. Голос женщины в истории французской филологии. Цель исследования - высветлить филологические взгляды одной из самых эрудированных и последовательных оппонентов пуристкого обновления французского языка эпохи классицизма мадемуазель Мари Ле Жар де Гурнэ, изложенные ею в четырех рассмотренных в статье трактатах. Для достижения поставленной цели, в статье использован ряд общенаучных методов, выбор которых основывается на полипарадигмальном методологическом подходе, согласно которому объект исследования является отражением авторского мировоззрения, которое сформировалось под влиянием определенных историко-культурных процессов и определило концептуальную основу мышления автора. Такой подход обусловил выбор релевантных методов и приемов. Основополагающими из них есть метод лингвистического наблюдения, который используется для получения первичной информации о предмете исследования, описательноаналитический, который помог провести качественный анализ предмета исследования и метод интепретационно-текстовый, который был задействован для глубинного анализа содержания авторских интенций. Применены также методические приемы систематизации, обобщения, описания и сопоставления. Научная новизна разведки заключается в том, что отечественная романистика впервые знакомится с филологическими трудами выдающегося французского филолога конца XVI - начала XVI веков Мари де Гурнэ, которая выступала против многих лингвистических новшеств, жестко навязываемых французскому языку реформаторами во главе с Малербом. Выводы. Трактаты Мари де Гурнэ проливают свет на широкий круг вопросов функционирования французского языка конца XVI - начала XVII веков, поэтому обстоятельное изучение этих работ имеет незаурядное значение не только для лучшего понимания истории развития французского языка, но и для лучшего понимания того, как создавались основы поэтической творчества будущих писателей и поэтов Франции.Popovych M. Woman’s Voice in the History of the French Philology. The study presents philological views of one of the most intelligent and consistent opponents of the puristic renewal of the French language in the classical age, i.e. of Mademoiselle Marie Le Jars de Gournay. This self-dictatorial woman owing to her perseverance and natural abilities studied Latin and Greek independently having thus opened up for herself an access to ancient sources of knowledge in various humanitarian fields. Knowledge acquired by tireless work formed her as an extraordinary, creatively thinking person who enjoyed undeniable authority among the educated people of those times. Marie de Gournay 's writing talent and deep analytical mind gained public recognition and were highly appreciated by many intellectuals not only in France but also in Europe. Noteworthy in this regard is the ascertained historical fact that Michel Montaigne, the renowned thinker of the Renaissance, regarded her as his daughter, and even entrusted her with the reprint of his works both during his lifetime and after his death. Marie de Gournay’s years of life and her writings were in the period when the French language was establishing itself as the official state language. Her ideological beliefs were formed under the influence of the ideals of humanism of the Renaissance and of the artistic values of the age of Classicism. Adhering to the humanistic principles of the artists of the XVI century Marie de Gournay vehemently fought against many linguistic innovations that were persistently imposed on the society by reformers led by Malherbe. Due to her uncompromising position on the methods of linguistic reform, many lexical and grammatical units were preserved in the French language the withdrawal of which was urged by the supports of Malherbe. Marie de Gournay’s treatises shed light on a wide range of 16 Ibid, P. 427. 17 Feugère L . Les femmes poètes au XVIe siècle, Léon Feugère, Paris : Didier et Ci e, Libraires-Éditeurs, 1860, Р. 192 –193; 222 – 224. 18 Gournay M.(de) , Les Advis, ou les Presens de la Demoiselle de Gournay, Marie de Gournay, 3i ème éd. augmentée, revue et corrigée, Paris : J. Du Bray, M. DC.XLI (1641), P. 399. 166 Попович М. Голос жінки в історії французької філології... issues of the functioning of French at the end of the XVI and the beginning of the XVIII centuries and prove that the process of language normalization, which is connected with Malherbe’s reformist activity and later with the similar activities of the French Academy, founded in 1634, was not an easy one. The article briefly reviews the contents of four of eight treatises written by Gournay in which the author examines various controversial issues in philology. All of them were in the collection of works published first in 1626 under the name “L’Ombre de la demoiselle de Gournay”. The author changed the first title into “Les Advisou les presens de la mademoiselle de Gournay” in the second (1634) and third (1641) editions.

The development of the Slovak standard language in its modern history (the 20th century) is accompanied with polemics and alternation of purist and assimilation efforts conditioned by language planning in the range of political ideology. The efforts are primarily focused on Czech language influence on Slovak and they are manifested in an acceptance and support of the Czech influence on one hand and the prescriptive delimitation of the Slovak language on the other hand. The paper focuses on the period of the 1950’s and 1960’s, which is characterised by two opposite approaches: 1) a conscious and politically supported convergence of Slovak and Czech in the end of the 1950’s and beginning of the 1960’s and a refusing of any kind of purism in regulation of the language development, and 2) a rise of purist approaches and efforts to protect the Slovak standard language from Czech interferences in the middle of the 1960’s. A corpus planning discourse of this period, which is analysed in this article, reflects the interconnection between political ideology and language regulation and it represents an exclusive source for sociolinguistic investigation.

The paper is an attempt to draw the reader’s attention to visual reproduction as an element of modern artistic discourses and a medium of the mediated reception of art. An instrumental approach to reproduction as a neutral and ancillary vehicle of meaning, prevalent in the age of modernism, corresponded to the belief in its information efficacy and ability to overcome material, physical limitations. What mattered most were not the material, physical aspects of the existence and circulation of images, even though the avant-garde artists of the 1920s, using contemporary technology, were aware how important the medium’s and its distribution range’s “impact” was. L’Esprit Nouveau, a periodical edited in 1920-1925 by Amédée Ozenfant and Le Corbusier, was an example of a successful avant-garde strategy which let both editors, marginal in the field of art, achieve the status of “leaders” of the modernist movement, recognized or at least carefully watched by artists and critics abroad. Next to other factors, important was the visual aspect of the magazine, praised for many impressive, modern illustrations, often reproduced in other avant-garde publications. The author analyzes visual resources used and reproduced in L’Esprit Nouveau, referring to the postulates of “objectivism” and “thingness”, endorsed by the periodical, and considering the part that “ready-made” images, found in the daily press and commercial catalogues as well as on postcards. played in Le Corbusier’s polemical and programmatic texts. Their strongly persuasive message was often rooted in montage and quotations which stressed its heterogeneity. In terms of composition and aesthetics, the reproduced images supported the aesthetics of transparency, order, and thingness, so characteristic of L’Esprit Nouveau. The emblems of modernity emerged from the movement of anonymous images which acquired the value of symbols. Ozenfant’s and Le Corbusier’s use of images borrowed from popular culture, as well as from albums and art books, makes one consider not only their rhetorical effectiveness, but also their role in the creative process and thinking. In Le Corbusier’s artistic practice, those easily available, miniaturized images were a common instrument enhancing his visual, aesthetic approach. Such an approach, according to Georg Simmel, seems to be characteristic of the modernist attitude to the material world that consisted in subjective distance combined with the apparently opposite desire to “go back to things” by making them more concrete and closer to the senses.

Copyright of Fluminensia is the property of Fluminensia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pragmatic Encroachment (PE hereafter), sometimes called 'antiintellectualism,' is a denial of epistemic purism. Purism is the view that only traditional, truth-relevant, epistemic factors determine whether a true belief is an instance of knowledge. According to anti-intellectualists, two subjects S and S*, could be in the same epistemic position with regards to puristic epistemic factors, but S might know that p while S* doesn't if less is at stake for S than for S*. Motivations for rejecting purism take two forms: case-based and principle-based arguments. In considering both approaches, I argue that PE is best viewed as externalist about epistemic contexts. That is to say, I claim that what determines a subject's epistemic context is external to her mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los Estados-nación latinoamericanos fueron fundados por las élites criollas a partir de una ideología monolingüe que debía organizar también las literaturas nacionales. Frente a este principio, recientemente han comenzado a ganar visibilidad literaturas producidas en zonas de tránsito cultural y lingüístico que cuestionan aquellos órdenes de cuño colonial. Este estudio destaca la importancia de la literatura elaborada en la frontera entre Brasil, Uruguay, Argentina y Paraguay, y pone en evidencia cómo su emergencia, al haber provocado la reacción de voceros de agencias normativas, no deja de problematizar intereses culturales y comerciales. Latin American nation states were founded by creole elites based on a monolingual ideology that should also organize national literatures. In opposition to this principle, literatures produced in areas of cultural and linguistic transit have recently begun to gain visibility questioning those colonial orders. This study highlights the importance of literature produced on the border between Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay and demonstrates how its emergence, having caused the regulatory agencies spokesmen’s reaction, problematizes cultural and commercial interests.

This article analyses some metalinguistic comments posted by users on seven Belgian news websites in French. Comments are a space the public uses to express its criticisms of and views about journalists: we propose here an approach to social speech concerning journalists’ language. Selected via three systematic requests (on belgicisme, anglicisme and langue française), our examples show that web users react to different types of “mistakes” and in teract about them, but also present journalists as “inadequate models”. Finally, we suggest that ther e is an affiliation between online news comments and traditional columns on language usage: even thou gh it is a more open space for discussion, online comments are shown to uphold purist discourse w ith regard to language in the media.

In this article I argue that doing the lesser evil in politics is always permitted and even required. I call this view "pragmatism". I defend it against "purism", which claims that it is never permissible to do (the lesser) evil. I reject three arguments for purism, which are based on Alan Gewirth's principle of intervening action, on an alleged epistemic difference between doing and allowing evil, and on rule-consequentialism. I also address Terrance McConnell's and Thomas Hill Jr.'s attempts to constrain pragmatism by claiming that doing the lesser evil is not always permitted or required. Although those constraints may apply to most spheres of action, I contend that they do not apply to political action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their writings on Zdenek Rykr, Jindřich Chalupecký and Vojtěch Lahoda use the term New Objectivity in reference to several of his paintings from 1928 and 1929. This article examines Rykr’s writings from that time in an effort to test the hypothesis of whether his paintings are a conscious reflection of the New Objectivity. That he may have been influenced by the New Objectivity has suggested itself given that he took part in a trip a group of journalists made to Germany in 1928 to attend the international Press Exhibition in Cologne. In his report from the exhibition, however, no mention is made of the New Objectivity, nor can any kind of mention be found in his other writings from this period. Rykr at this time related only to the French tradition of art. As regards Rykr’s relationship to the New Objectivity, it is genuinely a matter of only a similarity on the surface and the use of a similar visual language. However, an interesting parallel with his paintings can be found in the work of the Hannover group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the relationship between Le Corbusier and Alfred Roth, a member of the Paris office between 1927 and 1928. It also deals with the influence that this period had with reference to an important factor in Roth’s professional development, as in Le Corbusier’s later works: the use of colour in his architecture. This article takes the position that Roth, given his close friendship with Mondrian, was an important figure in turning Le Corbusier’s work towards greater use of primary colours and aesthetic neoplasticism.

Language purism is often associated with opposition towards foreign linguistic elements, most typically foreign vocabulary. Most definitions therefore include the dichotomy of foreign versus domestic and/or national and/or un-national. This article takes a look at the Norwegian language reformer Knud Knudsen (1812–1895) and his arguments for excluding most (but not all) foreign words. This leads to a specification of the term foreign, and a description of various arguments for categorizing certain elements as unwanted.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if English loanwords are perceived differently in Flanders and the Netherlands, two areas with a shared official language (Dutch) but different sociolinguistic background and history. It has been argued that because of historical French dominance over Flemish, attitudes towards loanwords in Flanders are negative, whereas in the Netherlands attitudes are more positive because Dutch has not been threatened by another language there. In an experiment with a between-subject design, 155 Dutch and Flemish university students evaluated three equivalent Dutch and English job titles (e.g. hoofredacteur/editor-in-chief) with regard to comprehensibility, attractiveness, naturalness, and intention to apply for the job. In addition, general attitudes towards English loanwords were measured. Findings did not reveal differences between the Dutch and Flemish participants in their evaluation of the English versus Dutch job titles, nor in their general attitude towards English loanwords. For both participant groups, there were no differences in attitude towards the English and Dutch versions for two of the job titles, and both groups displayed more positive attitudes towards the Dutch version of one of the job titles than its English equivalent. However, Flemish participants were less likely to apply for jobs with English job titles than for jobs with equivalent Dutch job titles, while for the Dutch participants language of job title did not result in differences in application intention. The general attitude to English loanwords of both Dutch and Flemish participants was positive. It can therefore be concluded that, generally, nationality was not a factor influencing language attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the Slovak standard language in its modern history (the 20th century) is accompanied with polemics and alternation of purist and assimilation efforts conditioned by language planning in the range of political ideology. The efforts are primarily focused on Czech language influence on Slovak and they are manifested in an acceptance and support of the Czech influence on one hand and the prescriptive delimitation of the Slovak language on the other hand. The paper focuses on the period of the 1950's and 1960's, which is characterised by two opposite approaches: 1) a conscious and politically supported convergence of Slovak and Czech in the end of the 1950's and beginning of the 1960's and a refusing of any kind of purism in regulation of the language development, and 2) a rise of purist approaches and efforts to protect the Slovak standard language from Czech interferences in the middle of the 1960's. A corpus planning discourse of this period, which is analysed in this article, reflects the interconnection between political ideology and language regulation and it represents an exclusive source for sociolinguistic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]