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Internal promotions allow businesses to fill vacant positions through their current workforce, as an alternative to external recruitment. In this study, we present the findings of the first quantitative review on promotions as a complete field, including publications spanning over the last fifty years and incorporating the branches of social science relevant to this topic: business and management, psychology, sociology, and economics. First, we provided the number of publications, the most prolific authors, and journals over time. Second, we organized the dispersed literature by identifying the six main research trends, and analyzing their relationship with promotions: (i) Internal promotions and career success, (ii) Employee job satisfaction, (iii) Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and tournament theory, (iv) Racial discrimination in leadership positions, (v) Gender inequality, (vi) Job performance and employee personality. Third, we conducted a content analysis of recent publications (2017-2023), outlining key findings from each of the six identified research trends in internal promotions, thus evaluating their present-day relevance. We further identified promising areas for future investigation, particularly in employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and human resource management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a methodology for evaluating educational performance, from a multilevel perspective. We use partial frontier approaches to mitigate the influence of outliers and the curse of dimensionality. Our estimation considers idiosyncratic variables at the school, class, and student levels. Our model is applied to a sample of students in fourth year of primary school in urban schools in Chile. Results are in line with previous findings that less than 30% of the variance in students' educational attainment is attributable to their schools. Results also corroborate that a model considering only student-level variables yields high inefficiencies not attributable to school management, but rather to inadequate resource-endowment policy. Therefore, when disregarding specific variables concerning the resources allocated to the schools, the performance of those schools is undervalued, largely because inefficiencies caused by suboptimal resource endowments or difficulties arising from the socioeconomic environment are instead attributed to poor school management. (Contains 8 tables and 5 figures.)

This article assesses the financial contribution of marketing capability. In contrast with previous research, which conceptualizes marketing capability as the deployment of marketing resources to achieve sales, this study conceives marketing capability as the deployment of marketing resources to achieve the ultimate objectives of customer satisfaction and brand equity (i.e., customer-oriented marketing capability [COMC]). Thus, this research disentangles the dynamic relationships among marketing resources, sales, customer satisfaction, and brand equity through the use of network Data Envelopment Analysis to capture COMC. According to what the value relevance perspective proposes, COMC positively influences the growth of Tobin's q and improves the growth of analysts' recommendations. These findings remain robust and consistent with the use of additional measures and methods common to the marketing and financial literatures. Our study provides tools and a framework for analysis for managers to maximize their ability to use marketing strategy to drive performance. Keywords Customer-oriented marketing capability * Tobin's q * Analyst recommendations * Network data envelopment analysis, How marketing capabilities influence business performance is one of the key areas of concern for marketing academics and practitioners, as the Marketing Science Institute's (2012)research priorities demonstrate. A key topic [...]

This article analyzes the efficiency of local governments in the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) and their main explanatory variables. The analysis is performed in two stages. Firstly, efficiency is measured via (nonparametric) activity analysis techniques. Specifically, we consider both Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Free Disposable Hull (FDH) techniques. The second stage identifies some critical determinants of efficiency, focusing on both political and fiscal policy variables. In contrast to previous two-stage research studies, our approach performs the latter attempt via nonparametric smoothing techniques, rather than econometric methods such as OLS or Tobit related techniques. Results show that efficiency scores, especially under the nonconvexity assumption (FDH), are higher for large municipalities. Thus, there is empirical evidence to suggest that resources may be better allocated by large municipalities. However, the inefficiency found is not entirely attributable to poor management, as second-stage analysis reveals both fiscal and political variables to be explicably related to municipality performance. Moreover, the explanatory variables' impact on efficiency is robust to the chosen technique--either convex DEA or nonconvex FDH. JEL classification: D24; D60; H71; H72 Keywords: Efficiency; Kernel smoothing; Local government; Nonparametric regression

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.043 Byline: Diego Prior (a), Jordi Surroca (b) Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); DEA weights; Banking; Strategic groups; Marginal rates Abstract: This paper uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to identify strategic groups (SGs) in the Spanish banking industry. The concept of SG relies on the fact that firms grouped together value inputs and outputs in the same way. As such, they take identical direction when, due to external influences, changes are required. Weights obtained from DEA are extremely useful in the valuation of inputs and outputs. Specifically, by comparing DEA weights pair-wise, i.e. quantifying the variables' marginal rates (MR), we can obtain a very good representation of the existent trade-off and the relative importance of the two variables. The paper uses MRs obtained through DEA models and, simultaneously, proposes feasible ways to overcome two usual problems with DEA virtual weights, namely: (1) the multiplicity of weights for efficient DMUs; and (2) the inexistence of dual variables for inefficient DMUs. From the empirical point of view, once the MRs are determined, the second stage is to perform Cluster Analysis. We apply Cluster Analysis in two ways: (1) on the basis of the MRs; and (2) following the traditional application by running Cluster Analysis with the original variables. The results obtained show the advantages of using MRs instead of the standard application of Cluster Analysis. Summing up, the concept of SG is reinforced if we use refined methods to determine the existence of SGs. The results of the application of DEA models to observe the presence of SG in the Spanish banking industry offer interesting views on it. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Business Economics, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona) 08193, Spain (b) Department of Business Administration, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe (Madrid) 28903, Spain Article History: Received 18 March 2003; Accepted 15 July 2004

This research focuses on a major concern for marketers addressing the claims of inefficiency of spending on advertising. We examine whether the Internet can help increase overall advertising efficiency. Using a sample from the Spanish automobile industry, we combine a nonparametric method-Data Envelopment Analysis-with recent important insights from statistics and econometrics studies, and find that online advertising improves the efficiency levels and that this effect is more pronounced in the long-term temporal framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]