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This paper examines the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, and environmental quality using environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The hypothesized link is tested using time-series analysis of 10 selected Asian countries over the period 1990–2018. First, the EKC hypothesis is tested through examining the relationship between EF, GDP, and URB. Further, the long-run relationship between EF, URB, and GDP is investigated using a vector error correction model. It was found that there is a cointegrated relationship between the variables in the countries China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Additionally, almost all error correction terms are correct in sign and are significant, which implies that some percentage of disequilibrium in EF in the previous year adjusts back to the long-run equilibrium in the current year. Therefore, an efficient trade-off between environmental protection and economic benefits should be taken, and EF should be reduced through changing consumption patterns, improving the efficiency of use of resources and cleaner technology choices.

Background: Pregnancy and transition to parenthood is often a stressful event and brings about more profound changes than any other developmental stage of the family life cycle. Consequently, pregnancy and post-partum are times of increased vulnerability for the onset or relapse of a mental illness. The current paper aimed at understanding the marital and family relationships among women with severe mental illness during the perinatal period in India. Methods: The study included a retrospective chart review of mothers admitted to a mother-baby unit between the years January 2015 to March 2020. We included all mothers who were married and had onset of SMI in the perinatal period. Details of socio-demographic, clinical profile and descriptive understanding of relationships were collected. Results: The total sample was 149, mean age of women in years was 25.27 (SD=4.97). The clinical diagnosis included non-affective psychosis (45.5%), affective psychosis (42.2%) with 130 (87.24%) women having their first episode of SMI during the postpartum period. More than half of the women admitted to the ward reported having problems in their marital relationship, with 25% experiencing violence from their spouses and in-laws. Interpersonal issues with their in-laws in the context of violence, household chores and poor support. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of routine assessments of the quality of marital and family relationships including domestic violence. There is a need to provide interventions aimed at helping women deal with difficulties in intimate and social relationships.

Genomic instability is a prominent hallmark of cancer, however the mechanisms that drive and sustain this process remain elusive. Research demonstrates that numerous cancers with increased levels of genomic instability ectopically express meiosis-specific genes and undergo meiomitosis, the clash of mitotic and meiotic processes. These meiotic genes may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. We studied the relationship between the expression of the meiosis protein HORMAD1 and genomic instability in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). First, we assessed markers of DNA damage and genomic instability following knockdown and overexpression of HORMAD1 in different cell lines representing SCCs and epithelial cancers. shRNA-mediated depletion of HORMAD1 expression resulted in increased genomic instability, DNA damage, increased sensitivity to etoposide, and decreased expression of DNA damage response/repair genes. Conversely, overexpression of HORMAD1 exhibited protective effects leading to decreased DNA damage, enhanced survival and decreased sensitivity to etoposide. Furthermore, we identified a meiotic molecular pathway that regulates HORMAD1 expression by targeting the upstream meiosis transcription factor STRA8. Our results highlight a specific relationship between HORMAD1 and genomic instability in SCCs, suggesting that selectively inhibiting HORMAD1, possibly, through STRA8 signaling, may provide a new paradigm of treatment options for HORMAD1-expressing SCCs.

Today, children are becoming silent by being busy on smart-phones or TV and while waiting for their parents to return from work; they often expect an enticing product instead of a warm hug. Sexual eroticism and its effect can be seen in increasing cases of teenage pregnancy, violence derived from the desire for expensive products by children who can barely have food; child obesity encouraged by the extreme exposure to junk food ads; and depression resulting from being unheard are some of the consequences that burden our children. India today is facing a value crisis where humanity seems to have lost its voice in the face of unending desire for wealth and pleasure. The present study is a deliberate attempt in this direction where there is a severe need for some remedial actions against the ill effects of advertising on innocent school students’ minds.

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) represent a genetically diverse group of progressive, visually debilitating diseases. Adult and paediatric patients with vision loss due to IRD caused by biallelic mutations in the 65-kDa retinal pigment epithelium (RPE65) gene are often clinically diagnosed as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). This study aimed to understand the epidemiological landscape of RPE65 gene-mediated IRD through a systematic review of the literature, as the current evidence base for its epidemiology is very limited.Medline, Embase, and other databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology of RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs from inception until June 2021. Studies were included if they were original research articles reporting the epidemiology of RP and LCA and/or proportion of RPE65 gene mutations in these clinically diagnosed or molecularly confirmed IRDs patients.A total of 100 studies with relevant data were included in this systematic review. The range for prevalence of LCA and RP in the literature was 1.20-2.37 and 11.09-26.43 per 100,000, respectively. The proportion of RPE65 mutations in clinically diagnosed patients with LCA was found to be between ~ 2-16% within the US and major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK). This range was also comparable to our findings in the Asian region for RPE65-LCA (1.26-16.67%). Similarly, for these European countries, RPE65-RP was estimated between 0.23 and 1.94%, and RPE65-IRD range was 1.2-14%. Further, in the Americas region, mutations in RPE65 were reported to cause 1-3% of RP and 0.8-3.7% of IRD cases. Lastly, the RPE65-IRD range was 4.81-8% in the Middle East region.There are significant variations in reporting of RPE65 proportions within countries as well as regions. Generating robust epidemiological evidence on RPE65 gene-mediated IRDs would be fundamental to support rare disease awareness, timely therapeutic intervention, and public health decision-making.

We highlight the status of, and propose future approaches for, rheological, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characterization of concentrated redoxmer electrolytes for energy storage, with an emphasis on nonaqueous redox flow batteries.

The advance non-aqueous redox flow batteries require redox-active organic molecules (ROM) with large solubilities in all states of charge (NMR-spectrometer icon by DBCLS and screen and workstation icons by Simon Duerr licensed under creative commons).

Spam SMS is unsolicited messages to users that are annoying and sometimes harmful. Spam fills the inbox with a multitude of ridiculous emails. They degrade our internet speed to a great extent and steal useful information like our contact details. Identifying these spammers and also spam content can be a hot topic of research and tedious tasks There are a lot of studies on email spam detection techniques. However, SMS spam detection is a comparatively new field, and a systematic literature survey in this area is insufficient. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review of SMS and E-mail spam detection techniques. In this paper, we applied machine learning algorithms and data mining techniques, and focus on the accuracy and precision of algorithms to classified spam and non-spam mails and message

As of February 2, 2021, the USA has 26,431,799 reported COVID-19 cases with 446,744 deaths. A high mortality rate (15%–40%) was reported among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. However, data regarding variation in COVID-19-related mortality and severity of illness among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are heterogeneous. In this retrospective single-center study, we aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, disease severity, clinical outcomes, and in-hospital mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic. Adults with reverse transcription-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. In-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 was the primary outcome, and intensive care unit admission, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure requiring intubation, and septic shock were the secondary outcomes. A total of 101 adult patients were hospitalized with COVID-19 during the second wave study period. Of 101 patients, 8 were intubated and 6 died. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days. Patients in the second wave were more likely to receive dexamethasone and remdesivir and less likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation. In-hospital mortality during the second wave was lower (5.9%) compared with the first wave (15.5%). At the last follow-up date, 86.1% were discharged alive from the hospital, 5.9% died and 7.9% were still in the hospital. Multivariate logistic regression showed higher odds of mortality were associated with higher age and elevated lactate dehydrogenase peak.

Mythology has always been part of our collective unconscious. It has and always will rule our values and belief system. As Roland Barthes says in his Mythologies, a myth is a special form of myth told with intent. The famous epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata are always used to portray the typical woman in order to maintain patriarchal norms. However, rewriting mythology has been an effective tool for feminists to subvert notions of the ideal woman. In this regard, the article will study Sita's sister Kavita Kane. Urmila, is the most unheard of character in the Ramayana. She is always blamed for not accompanying her husband, unlike Sita. Sita's sister presents the Ramayana from Urmila's perspective. The article compares Sita and Urmila and shows how the patriarchy rejects characters like Urmila who do not follow its rules. The rewrite gives voice to the unheard and marginalized Urmila and presents her in a completely different perspective.

The paddy crop is the most essential and consumable agricultural produce. Leaf disease impacts the quality and productivity of paddy crops. Therefore, tackling this issue as early as possible is mandatory to reduce its impact. Consequently, in recent years, deep learning methods have been essential in identifying and classifying leaf disease. Deep learning is used to observe patterns in disease in crop leaves. For instance, organizing a crop’s leaf according to its shape, size, and color is significant. To facilitate farmers, this study proposed a Convolutional Neural Networks-based Deep Learning (CNN-based DL) architecture, including transfer learning (TL) for agricultural research. In this study, different TL architectures, viz. InceptionV3, VGG16, ResNet, SqueezeNet, and VGG19, were considered to carry out disease detection in paddy plants. The approach started with preprocessing the leaf image; afterward, semantic segmentation was used to extract a region of interest. Consequently, TL architectures were tuned with segmented images. Finally, the extra, fully connected layers of the Deep Neural Network (DNN) are used to classify and identify leaf disease. The proposed model was concerned with the biotic diseases of paddy leaves due to fungi and bacteria. The proposed model showed an accuracy rate of 96.4%, better than state-of-the-art models with different variants of TL architectures. After analysis of the outcomes, the study concluded that the anticipated model outperforms other existing models.

Multifunctional nanoparticles are being formulated to overcome the side effects associated with anticancer drugs as well as conventional drug delivery systems. Cancer therapy has gained the advancement due to various pragmatic approaches with better treatment outcomes. The metal nanostructures such as gold and silver nanoparticles accessible via eco-friendly method provide amazing characteristics in the field of diagnosis and therapy towards cancer diseases. The environmental friendly approach has been proposed as a substitute to minimize the use of hazardous compounds associated in chemical synthesis of nanoparticles. In this attempt, researchers have used various microbes, and plant-based agents as reducing agents. In the last 2 decades various papers have been published emphasizing the benefits of the eco-friendly approach and advantages over the traditional method in the cancer therapy. Despite of various reports and published research papers, eco-based nanoparticles do not seem to find a way to clinical translation for cancer treatment. Present review enumerates the bibliometric data on biogenic silver and gold nanoparticles from Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus for the duration 2010 to 2022 for cancer treatment with a special emphasis on breast, ovarian and cervical cancer. Furthermore, this review covers the recent advances in this area of research and also highlights the obstacles in the journey of biogenic nanodrug from clinic to market.

Objective To assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 among pregnant women at a tertiary care hospital. Methods This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional analysis pertaining to COVID-19 which was conducted at a tertiary care obstetric facility in India among 200 consecutive consenting pregnant women. They were assessed for demographic details and KAP score (knowledge—17 questions, attitude—9 questions and practice—8 questions). Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results The participants had adequate mean knowledge score (± SD) of 22.5 (± 3.5) were following good practices [mean score (± SD) = 15.5 (± 2.6)] and showed positive attitude for preventive measures against COVID-19 [n (%) = 194(96%)]. Low knowledge score (p-value 0.030) was seen in non-health care workers. Conclusion This study demonstrated that majority of the pregnant women had satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and were following practices in right manner regarding COVID-19 but continued efforts for generating awareness were warranted. As India is battling the second COVID-19 wave and in the absence of definitive cure, strengthening of health policies directed at pregnant women should be prioritized with special focus on significant gaps in KAP.

Background Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) or esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignancy of the nasal cavity believed to arise from the olfactory epithelium. The goal of this study was to systematically review the genomics, epigenetics, and cytogenetics of ONB and to understand the potential clinical implications of these studies. Methods A systematic literature review was performed for articles published before May 2020 using Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria included genomics, cytogenetics, and epigenetics studies on ONB. Exclusion criteria included studies not in English or systematic reviews. Articles and abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers to reduce bias during article selection and synthesis of results. Of the 36 studies included in this review, 24 were research articles and 12 were abstracts. Results Although recurrent mutations among ONB tumors are uncommon, alterations in TP53, DMD, PIK3CA, NF1, CDKN2A, CDKN2C, CTNNB1, EGFR, APC, cKIT, cMET, PDGFRA, CDH1, FH, SMAD4, FGFR3 and IDH2 genes have been reported in several recent studies. In addition, cytogenetic studies revealed that the landscape of chromosomal aberrations varies widely amongst ONB tumors. Conclusions The rare character of ONB has limited the sample size available for cytogenetic, genomic, and epigenetic studies and contributes to the limitations of this systematic review. Comprehensive genomic and epigenomic studies with larger cohorts are warranted to validate the initial reports summarized in this review and to identify potential therapeutic targets for ONB.

The term “monoblock” has become a familiar term in the endodontic literature with recent interest in the application of dentin adhesive technology to endodontics. Endodontic “monoblocks” have generated controversial discussions among academicians and clinicians as to whether they are able to improve the quality of seal in root fillings and to strengthen roots. The ultimate challenge for successful endodontic therapy is to establish a homogenous unit of the root canals which requires a hermetic seal. Adhesion of root canal sealers to dentin is important to seal the root canal system thoroughly and to prevent microleakage. Bonding of root filling materials to the radicular dentin is known as ‘monoblocks’ which has become more popular after introduction of bonding concept in the root canal system.

Objectives Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an extremely rare and challenging sinonasal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Standard treatment involves complete surgical resection, but the role of adjuvant therapy remains unclear. Crucially, our understanding of its clinical presentation, course, and optimal treatment remains limited, and few advancements in improving its management have been made in the recent past. Methods We conducted an international multicenter retrospective analysis of 505 SNMM cases from 11 institutions across the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, and continental Europe. Data on clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results One-, three-, and five-year recurrence-free and overall survival were 61.4, 30.6, and 22.0%, and 77.6, 49.2, and 38.3%, respectively. Compared with disease confined to the nasal cavity, sinus involvement confers significantly worse survival; based on this, further stratifying the T3 stage was highly prognostic (p Conclusions We present findings from the largest cohort of SNMM reported to date. We demonstrate the potential utility of further stratifying the T3 stage by sinus involvement and present promising data on the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for recurrent, persistent, or metastatic disease with implications for future clinical trials in this field.

Contemplating over the deprived section of the society, the vision that confronts the mental horizon is the picture of an oppressed widow whose image disrupts the picture of glorious womanhood. This side of womankind is seen as lacking autonomy as well as the capacity to make decisions for her. Dwelling into the celluloid portrayals, widowhood marks a transition and is seen as heading towards ‘new’ ideological or visual horizons. The focus is now on “individual women and their personal choices to reinforce those fundamental societal changes” (Genz and Brabon 14). The study hinges upon these neo-liberal values of post-feminist portrayal of female choice and individuality in Hindi Cinema as providing a pathway to understand the emotional complexities of young widows and as a hope for moving the conscience of the new generation of the Indian society. Exploring the celebratory and optimistic portrayal of widows in Hindi movies, the research emphasizes on the shift in the female power that denies victimization and vulnerability suggesting that women have the power for self-definition; they simply need to explore it. Thus, the paper analyses the protagonists in search for wholeness, dignity, and a positive social image. Such a representation can be seen as a strong critique of existing practices before the concept of widowhood is obliterated- almost a declaration that indicts the society oppressing its widows. &nbsp

Despite the lack of direct evidence that hypertension increases the likelihood of new infections, hypertension is known to be the most common comorbid condition in COVID-19 patients and also a major risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection. The literature review suggests that data is heterogeneous in terms of the association of hypertension with mortality. Hence, it remains a topic of interest whether hypertension is associated with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. Herein, we perform a multicenter retrospective analysis to study hypertension as an independent risk for in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This multicenter retrospective analysis included 515 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from March 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups: hypertensive and normotensive. Demographic characteristics and laboratory data were collected, and in-hospital mortality was calculated in both groups. The overall mortality of the study population was 25.3% (130 of 514 patients) with 96 (73.8%) being hypertensive and 34 (26.2%) being normotensive (p-value of 0.01, statistically non-significant association). The mortality rate among the hypertensive was higher as compared to non-hypertensive; however, hypertensive patients were more likely to be old and have underlying comorbidities including obesity, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. Therefore, multivariable logistic regression failed to show any significant association between hypertension and COVID-19 mortality. To our knowledge, few studies have shown an association between hypertension and COVID-19 mortality after adjusting confounding variables. Our study provides further evidence that hypertension is not an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality when adjusted for other comorbidities in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Background: Patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) have an increased risk of developing complications during their hospital stays; however, how AUD impacts the length of stay (LOS) and the utilization of hospital resources remains inconclusive. Aim: This study aimed to identify the associations between AUD, defined by self-reported alcohol consumption, blood alcohol content (BAC), and hospital LOS (HLOS) including intensive care unit (ICU) LOS in the trauma patient population. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing data obtained from 2010 to 2018 at a university-based, level-one trauma emergency department. We identified 1689 adult trauma patients who completed the AUDs identification test (AUDIT) and were admitted to the hospital. We retrieved BAC, age, gender, LOS, and injury severity score (ISS) from the patient charts. The independent samples' median test was used to assess the association of HLOS and ICULOS with ISS, BAC levels, or AUDIT scores. Results: ISS was directly associated with higher HLOS (P < 0.001) and ICULOS (P < 0.001); however there was no statistically significant association between AUDIT scores and ICULOS (P = 0.21) or HLOS (P = 0.86). There was also no statistically significant association between BAC and HLOS (P = 0.09) or ICULOS (P = 0.07). Conclusions: Our study found no associations between AUDIT, BAC, and both hospital and ICU LOS in trauma patients even though the literature supported an increased risk of medical complications in the AUD patients.

Opioid use, misuse, abuse and addiction is a growing epidemic in the United States. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify screening instruments used in emergency medicine (EM) settings to detect opioid drug use and to assess the psychometric data for each screening instrument. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CRD and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for articles published up to June 2017. We extracted 172 articles for initial screening and 66 articles were assessed for eligibility. Ten articles were extracted from the full-text assessment. Eight instruments were identified from the finalized article list: SOAPP-R; ASSIST; two, single-item screening questions; one-item binge-drinking screener question; patient medical charts; medical history and physical/patient self-reporting in medical charts; Drug Abuse Screening Test; and HERA/SBIRT. Screening instrument characteristics, study characteristics, and reliability and validity data were extracted from the 10 studies. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity between the studies. There is a lack of validity and reliability evidence in all 10 articles; and sensitivity, specificity and predictive values varied between the different instruments. These instruments are not validated for use in EM settings. There is no clear evidence to state which screening instruments are appropriate for use in detecting opioid drug abuse in EM patients. There is a need for brief, reliable, valid and feasible screening instruments and more psychometric data.

The balance of innate signaling through adaptor proteins such as MyD88 and TRIF is critical in directing the pattern of inflammatory responses following exposure to endogenous adjuvants. While innate stimuli can cause inflammation that supports adaptive immunity, cancer myeloid cells can be pre-polarized such that the same inflammatory signals cause myeloid cells to suppress adaptive immune responses. We aim to investigate the signals regulating type I IFN secretion by innate immune cells in tumors in order to improve type I IFN secretion, activation of innate immune cells, direct macrophage polarization and improve CD8+ T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. To better understand the role of MyD88-mediated signaling in driving response to innate adjuvants released following RT in solid tumors, we developed MyD88 conditional knockout mouse models. MyD88 was deleted specifically in CD11c expressing dendritic cells (DC), Lck expressing T cells, or Lyz2 expressing myeloid cells that include macrophages, monocytes and granulocytes. Mice bearing pancreatic tumors (Panc02-SIY or PK5L1940) were randomized to no treatment or 16 Gy CT-guided RT and followed for treatment responses. Lyz2-Cre/MyD88fl/fl mice demonstrated improved responses to RT in pancreatic tumors as compared to control MyD88fl/fl mice, or Lck-Cre mice. The improved responses in Lyz2-Cre/MyD88fl/fl mice were shown to be dependent on CD8+ T cells as well as on type I IFN signaling. To analyze mechanisms of response, tumors were digested into a single cell suspension and CD45+ cells were isolated for single cell sequencing three days post-RT. Lyz2-Cre/MyD88fl/fl mice showed diminished Th1 and Th2-type T cells and had a higher M1/TAM ratio compared to MyD88fl/fl mice. Loss of MyD88 in myeloid cells resulted in increased activation of IFN-dependent transcriptional responses in multiple immune cell populations in the tumor. To model responses ex vivo, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or a synthetic cyclic dinucleotide (CDA) for analysis of cytokine secretion in either monolayer or 3D spheroid culture conditions. BMDM derived from Lyz2-Cre/MyD88fl/fl cultured as a monolayer showed significantly altered secretion of TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 on activation with LPS as compared to controls. Preliminary data obtained from 3D spheroid culture systems demonstrated that 3D interactions between cancer cells and macrophages resulted in a significant increase in BMDM co-stimulatory phenotype following activation with innate stimuli compared to 2D cultures. These data suggest that conventional innate signaling through MyD88 in myeloid populations suppresses IFN production and adaptive immune control of irradiated tumors. 3D cultures are an effective tool to study cellular interactions ex vivo and screen novel interventions prior to in vivo translation. Citation Format: Aanchal Preet Kaur, Terry R. Medler, Tiffany C. Blair, Alejandro F. Alice, Megan R. Ball, Alexa K. Dowdell, Brian D. Piening, Marka R. Crittenden, Michael J. Gough. Deciphering the role of MyD88 signaling pathway in regulating type I IFN-mediated responses to radiation therapy in solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6410.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Approximately 50% of all CRC patients develop metastases. Tumor microenvironment (TME), including extracellular matrix (ECM), plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis in CRC, indicating an important role of agents targeting ECM in the treatment of CRC. ECM acts as niche to support cancer cells. In this study, the role of metformin as a therapeutic agent in modulating ECM components of CRC has been studied. Methods: HCT116 (aggressive, poorly differentiated) and HT 29 (less aggressive, moderately differentiated), human CRC cell lines were treated with different doses of metformin (0.1, 2.5 and 5 mM) for 14 days in vitro and subsequently microarray analysis was done to identify differentially expressed genes. To observe the role of metformin in modulating the ECM, ECM-receptor interaction pathway was given primary focus among the list of pathways identified by DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) bioinformatics resources. The seven differentially expressed genes of ECM-receptor interaction pathway (elucidated by microarray) were -COL3A1, COL4A2, COL5A2, VTN, ITGA6, TNXB and LAMC3. These genes were validated using RT-qPCR in both the cell lines. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done in different histopathological grades of CRC samples to evaluate the expression and localization of ECM proteins. Results: The gene expression of COL4A2, COL5A2, ITGA6, VTN and TNXB by RT-qPCR was decreased with metformin treatment and these results were consistent with microarray data. However, discrepancy was observed in the gene expression of COL3A1 and LAMC3 between microarray and RT-qPCR. Expression of COL3A1, VTN was found to be increased whereas a decrease in expression of ITGA6 was observed in different histopathological grades of CRC samples with IHC. The expression of PI3K and AKT proteins were decreased in HCT116 cells with metformin treatment justifying its anticancer properties. Conclusions: Anticancer role of metformin via mTOR and PI3K-AKT signaling has been studied before, but this study identifies the novel ECM proteins in CRC that can be modulated by metformin. The results from this study indicates the promising role of metformin in CRC as it is associated with very less side effects and can influence various aspects of cancer biology. Citation Format: Amar Preet Kaur, Aditi Bhattacharya, Muzaffer Ahmed Bhat, Aakriti Bansal, Sudip Sen. Evaluating the effect of metformin on components of extracellular matrix in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1269.