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A new hydrazide functionalized Schiff’s base derivative, N'-(3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide (I), has been synthesized using a solvent-assisted mechano-chemical grinding strategy and structurally characterized using elemental analysis, 1H NMR and crystallographic studies. The single crystal X-ray diffraction study depicts that molecule is puckered with two aromatic rings lying out-of-plane in near anti-configuration across the C=N bond. The weak interactions involved in supramolecular framework formation are Cl···O, Cl···Cl, Cl···H, Cl···N, C···H, and O···H contacts. The intermolecular O···H interaction being stronger than other dispersive interactions such as halogen bonding, interlocks the molecules in a 2D sheet-type packing. All the structure directing interactions involved in developing crystal architecture are addressed with Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots. The energy framework analysis shows visualization of 3D topology of short contacts related to molecular packing of compound I which further clarifies the predominance of both Coulombic and dispersive energies in developing supramolecular architecture.

A study was conducted to understand the mode of inheritance and extent of diversity of stem rust resistance in four popular durum wheat cultivars of central India viz., HI 8498 (Malav Shakti), HI 8663 (Poshan), HI 8713 (Pusa Mangal) and HI 8737 (Pusa Anmol) using Puccinia graminis tritici (Pgt) pathotypes 15-1 (123G15) and 40-3 (127G29). These cultivars were crossed with susceptible parents i.e., Motia and Malvi Local and were also crossed among themselves in half diallel fashion. The F2 and F3 segregation data revealed that a single dominant gene each controlled resistance to the pathotype 40-3 in HI 8713 and HI 8663, while two dominant genes each governed resistance to this pathotype in HI 8737 and HI 8498. A single dominant gene each conditioned resistance to the pathotype 15-1 in all the four cultivars. The F2 segregation data of the intercrosses among the resistant parents showed that three different resistance genes controlled resistance among four cultivars against each Pgt pathotype 40-3 and 15-1. These genes seem to be different from the most commonly postulated stem rust resistance genes in Indian durum wheat germplasm viz., Sr11, Sr12, Sr7b and Sr9e which are ineffective/less effective against the test pathotypes. Hence, the genes identified in the present study can be utilized in broadening the genetic base of stem rust resistance in Indian durum wheat.

The time synchronization procedure is very important for power saving in wireless ad hoc network and method used by the synchronization that method chooses a particular node and gives priority for transmitting a signal to that node. All the Other nodes synchronize to the selected node according to Time Synchronization Function. Here increasing research focus on designing synchronization algorithms specifically for sensor networks. This paper look for reviews of time synchronization problem and the need for synchronization in sensor networks, then presents in detail time synchronization methods explicitly designed and proposed for sensor networks and AD-HOC networks.