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Bakgrund: Möjligheterna till palliativ vård har ökat inom sjukvårdens verksamheter och år 2010 avled ca 90 000 människor i Sverige varav 80 procent ska bedömts ha varit i behov av palliativ vård. Den palliativa vården är utformad för att vårda individer med progressiv, obotlig sjukdom eller skada, där fokus ligger på lindrande av lidande och främjande av livskvalité. Syfte: Att beskriva och sammanställa det vetenskapliga underlaget inom omvårdnad för sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda vuxna patienter under palliativ vård i livets slutskede. Metod: En litteraturstudie med en beskrivande design uppbyggd av tio artiklar av kvalitativ ansats och funna i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Huvudresultat: En relationsskapande vård är centralt och att det krävs att sjuksköterskan är uppmärksam, lyhörd och känslig. Kommunikation ansågs där vara grundpelaren för relationskapande vård, samt bidra till att skapa en säker och effektiv vård. Utöver detta hade sjuksköterskorna erfarenhet av att patientmötet kunde generera existentiella frågor angående sin egen mortalitet och att behöva möta andras existentiella frågor om liv och död. Sjuksköterskorna erfor att vid patientens sista tid i livet hade närstående en betydande roll för att upprätthålla en önskvärd död. Det framgick även att de fick erfara professionella och emotionella utmaningar som genererade i strategier för att hantera dessa situationer. Där de kunde konstatera att arbetet i slutändan var givande och utvecklande. Slutsats: Föreliggande litteraturstudie visar på att vårda palliativa patienter i livets slutskede är en utmaning som kräver sjuksköterskans emotionella närvaro. Utmaningarna möttes med att sjuksköterskorna skapade strategier för att öka kontrollen över de känslor och tankar som uppkommer i samband med vårdandet. Trots utmaningar och svåra känslomässiga stunder kunde det konstateras att sjuksköterskorna ansåg arbetet inom palliativ vård vara en belönande erfarenhet som erbjuder en känsla av personligt fu, Background: The opportunities for palliative care have increased in the healthcare operations and in the year 2010 about 90,000 people died in Sweden, of which 80 percent are estimated to have been in need of palliative care. Palliative care is designed to care for individuals with progressive, incurable disease or injury, where the focus is on alleviating suffering and promoting quality of life. Aim: To describe and compile the scientific basis in nursing for nurses' experiences of caring for adult patients during palliative care in the end of life. Method: A literature study with a descriptive design made up of ten articles of qualitative approach and found in the databases PubMed and Cinahl. Findings: Relationship-building care is central, and it is required that the nurse is attentive, responsive and sensitive. Communication was considered the foundation for relationship-building care, and contributed to creating a safe and effective care. In addition to this, the nurses had experience that this encounter could generate existential issues regarding their own mortality and having to face other people's existential issues of life and death. The nurses experienced that at the patient's last time in life, close relatives had a significant role in maintaining a desirable death. It also emerged that they experienced professional and emotional challenges which generated strategies for dealing with these situations. Where they could state that the work was ultimately rewarding and developing. Conclusion: The present literature study shows that caring for palliative patients at the end of life is a challenge that requires the nurse's emotional presence. The challenges were met with the nurses creating strategies to increase control over their emotions and thoughts that arise in connection with care. Despite challenges and difficult emotional moments, it could be stated that the nurses considered the experience of working in palliative care rewarding and offered a sense o

BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition with large burden worldwide. Exposure to prolonged sitting with a flexed lumbar posture has been suggested in the literature to be a potential risk factor for self-reported LBP. No study has previously investigated whether exposure to prolonged flexed sitting posture provokes discomfort/pain and decreased interspinous pressure pain thresholds for healthy young men and women without back pain, despite this being a suggested risk factor for LBP. AIM To investigate whether sitting in a prolonged flexed lumbar posture provokes discomfort and lowers interspinous pressure pain thresholds in the lumbar spine for healthy young men and women without previous LBP. METHODS This is a an observational before and after study of 26 participants (13 men, 13 women) between 20-35 years old. Algometry was used to examine the pain threshold for pressure applied between spinous processes of the lumbar spine L1-L5. Pressure algometer measures were performed in prone before and after participants were instructed to sit in a fully flexed posture for a maximum of 15 min or until discomfort was experienced in the low back (Borg CR10 = 7/10). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for analyze values from the before and after test conditions. Mann-Whitney U test was used to investigate potential gender difference. RESULTS Fully flexed lumbar spine sitting posture up to 15 min provoked temporary discomfort but the proportion of participants experiencing discomfort 7/10 in the low back was 62%. For all pain pressure threshold locations tested, there was a significant difference for the study population with moderate-large decreased (r = -0.56) pressure pain threshold after exposure to prolonged flexed sitting posture (P < 0.01). Comparisons between gender did not show any significant difference. CONCLUSION The result showed that exposure to fully flexed lumbar sitting posture for up to 15 min produced temporary discomfort in the low back in you

Byggsektorn tenderar idag att välja material med låg miljöpåverkan och bygga energi- och tidseffektiva konstruktioner. Att öka användningen av träprodukter är en del av lösningen. Korslimmat trä (KL-trä) är ett byggmaterial som har blivit mer och mer populärt att använda i byggbranschen. I Sverige har KL-trä använts sedan slutet på 90- talet och användandet ökar för varje år som går. Materialet är relativt nytt och vid monteringen av KL-trä finns det utrymme för förbättringar. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka och analysera hur dagens infästning av KL-element utförs och hur dessa kan effektiviseras. Målet är att undersöka om det går att korta ner monteringstiden av KL- trästommar. Detta görs genom beräkningar, fältstudie och experiment. I arbetet undersöks möjligheten att reducera skruvning för det vanligast använda vägg till golv anslutningarna och om det finns tid att spara i montaget med hjälp av förborrning. Resultatet av rapporten visar att det finns en potentiell tid motsvarande ca 40 % tidsvinst att spara med förborrade bjälklag från fabrik och andra kvalitétsfördelar som förborrning kan medföra, medan reducering av skruv är möjligt men inte optimerad för dagens mest tillämpade infästningslösningar., The construction sector today tends to choose material with a low environmental impact and build energy- and time-efficient structures. Increasing the use of wood products is part of the solution. Cross laminated timber (CLT) is a building material that has become more and more popular to use in the construction industry. In Sweden, CLT has been used since the late 90 and its use is increasing every year. The material is relatively new and especially for mounting CLT element, there are still potentials for improvement. The purpose of the work is to investigate and analyze how todays attachment of CLT elements is carried out and how these can be made more efficient. The aim is to investigate whether it is possible to shorten the assembly time of CLT elements. The study was carried out through calculations, study visit and experiments. The work investigates the possibility of reducing screwing for the most commonly used wall to floor joints and showed there is a potential time efficiency of about 40% to be gained with pre-drilled floor element from the factory and other quality benefits that pre-drilling can bring, while the study also showed reducing fasteners under construction phase is possible but not an optimal solution.

This report is part of a Master Thesis Project in Mechanical Engineering with Industrial Design at the Faculty of Engineering LTH at Lund University. The project was performed in collaboration with Hammarplast Consumer Ab, a Swedish company founded in 1947 manufacturing household items in plastic. Hammarplast Consumer Ab is part of the Orthex group, which is the leading Nordic company within the field of household items. The goal of this project was to design and develop a consumer product for measuring dry and liquid ingredients in the context of cooking and baking. The project concerned the design of appearance and functionality as well as technical requirements and considerations. The preparation of cuisine always requires measuring to some extent. Recipes provide guidelines for inexperienced chefs with instructions and quantities of the ingredients that make up a meal. The act of cooking relates to cultural identities and traditions. The project commenced with an exploration of the concept of measuring and measurement systems. Further investigation into the attitudes of chefs at home and professionals followed. Interviews and observations were used to gain knowledge of the user, the environment and context in which cooking and measuring of ingredients is performed. A market analysis of products for the kitchen and brands operating in the field of kitchen appliances was performed. The market research revealed a saturated market and presented a challenge to come up with an innovative solution. Knowledge gained from observations and interviews was the point of departure for the ideation process. A persona was formed to gain a clear target for aesthetic and functional design considerations. Initial concept designs were further developed through subsequent evaluations with supervisors at Hammarplast Consumer Ab and the division of Industrial Design and Machine Design at Lund University. Among four concepts presented at the mid-point of the project, two were further d