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Experimental and simulation studies of the response of bonded‐repaired and scarf‐repaired carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates under the low‐velocity impact (LVI) were carried out. The center‐ and eccentric‐repaired laminates were prepared for experiments. The experimental results verify the validity of the finite element model in terms of the force response and different modes of damage. The effect of impact energy and the variation of repair position on the impact response of the laminate was investigated based on the benchmark model. The bonded repaired laminates have higher peak impact forces and lower energy absorption than the scarf‐repaired laminates; the damage of the bonded repaired laminate is mainly intralaminar damage and delamination damage of the patch; the adhesive of the scarf repair is prone to failure, leading to poor impact resistance. The relative positions of the impact point and the patch determine the impact response of a laminate repaired at different locations. The impact point at the edge of the patch has a detrimental effect on the repaired laminate. The impact point vertical position near the bottom hole edge of the parent plate in the scarf‐repaired case harms the impact resistance of the laminate. Highlights: The low‐velocity impact response of bonded versus scarf‐repaired laminates was compared.Bonding repairs provide superior impact resistance to damaged laminates than scarf repairs.The risk of adhesive failure in scarf repair is significantly higher than in bonded repair.The relative position of the damage (repair) to the impact point critically influences the impact response.Impacts near the edge of the initial damage hole can cause severe damage to scarf‐repaired laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature selection and subspace learning are two primary methods to achieve data dimensionality reduction and discriminability enhancement. However, data label information is unavailable in unsupervised learning to guide the dimensionality reduction process. To this end, we propose a soft label guided unsupervised discriminative sparse subspace feature selection (UDS 2 FS) model in this paper, which consists of two superiorities in comparison with the existing studies. On the one hand, UDS 2 FS aims to find a discriminative subspace to simultaneously maximize the between-class data scatter and minimize the within-class scatter. On the other hand, UDS 2 FS estimates the data label information in the learned subspace, which further serves as the soft labels to guide the discriminative subspace learning process. Moreover, the ℓ 2 , 0 -norm is imposed to achieve row sparsity of the subspace projection matrix, which is parameter-free and more stable compared to the ℓ 2 , 1 -norm. Experimental studies to evaluate the performance of UDS 2 FS are performed from three aspects, i.e., a synthetic data set to check its iterative optimization process, several toy data sets to visualize the feature selection effect, and some benchmark data sets to examine the clustering performance of UDS 2 FS. From the obtained results, UDS 2 FS exhibits competitive performance in joint subspace learning and feature selection in comparison with some related models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain yield in rice is largely determined by grain size. Grain Size 3 (GS3) is a major quantitative trait locus for grain size. The C–A natural variation in the second exon of GS3 was reported to play an important role in regulating grain length in rice. Here we evaluate GS3 alleles among 303 germplasm accessions. The GS3A allele was predominant in xian/indica (XI) accessions, whereas geng/japonica (GJ) accessions mainly carried GS3C. The GS3 allele affected the grain length significantly in XI, while its function was minimal in GJ, indicating that introduction of GS3 alleles might be useful to modify grain length in XI breeding programs, but not in GJ breeding. The association between GS3 alleles and seed weight was not significant in any of the individual subpopulations, suggesting that the contribution of GS3 to grain weight could be slight in terms of different subspecies. To develop an effective marker for GS3, a penta-primer amplification-refractory mutation system (PARMS) marker exploiting a single-base mutation (C–A) was developed, which entailed lower cost and less time than other available markers, and should be useful for fine marker-assisted selection of grain length in XI accessions breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, remains unclear. The main manifestations of AD include cognitive and behavioral disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, neuroinflammation, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. However, current drugs for AD once the dementia stage has been reached only treat symptoms and do not delay progression, and the research and development of targeted drugs for AD have reached a bottleneck. Thus, other treatment options are needed. Bioactive ingredients derived from plants are promising therapeutic agents. Specifically, Ginkgo biloba (Gb) extracts exert anti-oxidant, anticancer, neuroplastic, neurotransmitter-modulating, blood fluidity, and anti-inflammatory effects, offering alternative options in the treatment of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main chemical components of Gb include flavonoids, terpene lactones, proanthocyanidins, organic acids, polysaccharides, and amino acids. Gb and its extracts have shown remarkable therapeutic effects on various neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, with few adverse reactions. Thus, high-quality Gb extracts are a well-established treatment option for AD. In this review, we summarize the insights derived from traditional Chinese medicine, experimental models, and emerging clinical trials on the role of Gb and its chemical components in the treatment of the main clinical manifestations of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) and the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) animal model are characterized by T-cell-induced and B-cell-dominated autoimmune diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction. Several subtypes of CD4+ T cells, including T helper (Th) 17 cells, follicular Th cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), contribute to the pathogenesis of MG. However, increasing evidence suggests that CD8+ T cells also play a critical role in the pathogenesis and treatment of MG. Main body: Herein, we review the literature on CD8+ T cells in MG, focusing on their potential effector and regulatory roles, as well as on relevant evidence (peripheral, in situ, cerebrospinal fluid, and under different treatments), T-cell receptor usage, cytokine and chemokine expression, cell marker expression, and Treg, Tc17, CD3+CD8+CD20+ T, and CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: Further studies on CD8+ T cells in MG are necessary to determine, among others, the real pattern of the Vβ gene usage of autoantigen-specific CD8+ cells in patients with MG, real images of the physiology and function of autoantigen-specific CD8+ cells from MG/EAMG, and the subset of autoantigen-specific CD8+ cells (Tc1, Tc17, and IL-17+IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells). There are many reports of CD20-expressing T (or CD20 + T) and CXCR5+ CD8 T cells on autoimmune diseases, especially on multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, up to now, there has been no report on these T cells on MG, which might be a good direction for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the rational design and facile synthesis of highly active and low-cost photocatalysts are still facing great challenges. Herein, a series of Zn0.5Cd0.5S/NiS (x mol%) composite photocatalysts have been synthesized via a simple and mild one-pot hydrothermal method. Compared with pure Zn0.5Cd0.5S, the NiS-loaded samples exhibit enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance, in which the Zn0.5Cd0.5S/NiS-5% sample has the highest H2 production rate of 10 855 ± 461 μmol h−1 g−1 with a quantum yield of 11.82% at 365 nm, which is almost 6.3 times higher than that of pristine Zn0.5Cd0.5S. The high activity of the Zn0.5Cd0.5S/NiS nanosheets may be attributed to their distinct nanostructure, including a short transfer distance of photoinduced charge carriers, a large number of unsaturated surface atoms, and a large surface area. Moreover, the added NiS nanoparticles served as an effective cocatalyst to promote photoinduced electron transfer and enhance the surface kinetics of H2 evolution. Our work provides a simple and effective route for the preparation of sulphur-based photocatalysts, which can significantly improve the efficiency of hydrogen production from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of pedestrians' head and lower limb injuries at the tissue level is lacking in studies of tram–pedestrian collisions. The purpose of this paper therefore to investigate the impact response process and severity of pedestrians' injuries in tram–pedestrian collisions, using the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) pedestrian human body model together with the tram FE model. Two full-scale tram–pedestrian dummy crash tests were performed to validate the FE model, and the total correlation and analysis (CORA) score of head acceleration yielded values of 0.840 and 0.734, confirming a strong agreement between the FE-simulated head responses and the experimental head kinematics. The effects of different tram speeds and impact angles on pedestrians' impact response injuries and the differences were further analyzed. The results indicate that direct impact of the lower limb with the tram's obstacle deflector leads to lower limb bone shaft fractures and knee tissue damage. Neck fling contributed to worsened head injury. Coup contusions were the predominant type of brain contusion, surpassing contrecoup contusions, while diffuse axonal injury was mainly concentrated in the collision-side region of the brain. Pedestrians' injuries are influenced by tram velocity and impact angle: higher tram velocities increase the risk of lower limb and head injuries. The risk of head injury for pedestrians is higher when the impact angle is negative, while lower limb injuries are more significant when the impact angle is 0°. This study provides practical guidance for enhancing tram safety and protecting pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to predict the mechanical response of crumb rubber-modified (CRM) asphalt pavements under traffic loads using three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). First, irregular-shaped aggregates were generated in Python language, and discrete element models of six different asphalt layers, which considered the temperature gradient and fatigue damage, were established using 3D DEM. Then, model parameters were obtained through the uniaxial creep test for asphalt mastics at different temperatures. The fatigue damage was implemented by introducing a damage factor into the Burgers model. Finally, three mechanical response parameters (namely, permanent deformation, shear stress and transverse strain) of the six asphalt layers under traffic loads were analysed and compared. Results show that the mechanical response of CRM asphalt layers under traffic loads is significantly influenced by number of repeated loads, temperature, and asphalt layer materials. The shear stress and transverse strain at the wheel centre vary along the depth of asphalt layers, and the middle layer is the principal area of shear stresses in asphalt pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of asphalt mixes and their combinations on the asphalt mix shear strength (SS) by a three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). The uniaxial penetration test (UPT) for testing the asphalt mix SS was succinctly depicted. 3D micromechanical models used to predict the asphalt mix SS were built through X-ray computed tomography and discrete particle model implemented in particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D). The effects of asphalt mixes and their combinations on the SS were analysed on the basis of these models. Simulation results were proven against laboratory UPTs. As shown, the presented simulation results were in good agreement with the laboratory results, and the deviations between them were below approximately 6%, and most were less than 4%. The SS of high modulus asphalt mixes was greater than that of SBS-modified asphalt mixes and rubber-modified asphalt mixes. The asphalt mix SS increased with the increase in aggregate size, and it decreased with the rise in void content. The double-layer asphalt mix SS was more remarkably influenced by the bottom asphalt layer. The crumb rubber content also affected the rubber-modified the asphalt mix SS. The rubber-modified asphalt mix SS increased with the rise in crumb rubber content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the perforation performance of CFRP laminates for rail vehicles under high-velocity impact from foreign objects, impact tests on CFRP laminates at a velocity of 163 m/s were carried out, and a corresponding finite element model was established using ABAQUS and verified. The user-defined material subroutine combined the material strain rate hardening effect and the 3D-Hashin damage criterion. The effects of impact velocity, impact object shape, and oblique angle on the perforation performance of CFRP laminates are discussed. Results show that impact velocity positively correlates with impact peak force and residual velocity. Laminates can be perforated by projectiles with a velocity above 120 m/s, and impact velocity greatly influences delamination below 140 m/s. Three shapes of projectile impacting laminates are considered: spherical, cylindrical, and conical. The conical projectile penetrates the laminate most easily, with the largest delamination area. The cylindrical projectile with a flat end suffers the most resistance, and the delaminated area is between the impact conditions of the conical and spherical projectiles. Increasing the angle of inclination increases the impacted area of the laminate and the extent of damage, thus dissipating more energy. The projectile fails to penetrate the laminate when the oblique angle reaches 60°. CFRP composite structures penetrated by high-speed impacts pose a significant threat to the safety of train operations, providing an opportunity for the application of bio-inspired composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of asphalt mixes and their combinations on the asphalt mix shear strength (SS) by a three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM). The uniaxial penetration test (UPT) for testing the asphalt mix SS was succinctly depicted. 3D micromechanical models used to predict the asphalt mix SS were built through X-ray computed tomography and discrete particle model implemented in particle flow code in three dimensions (PFC3D). The effects of asphalt mixes and their combinations on the SS were analysed on the basis of these models. Simulation results were proven against laboratory UPTs. As shown, the presented simulation results were in good agreement with the laboratory results, and the deviations between them were below approximately 6%, and most were less than 4%. The SS of high modulus asphalt mixes was greater than that of SBS-modified asphalt mixes and rubber-modified asphalt mixes. The asphalt mix SS increased with the increase in aggregate size, and it decreased with the rise in void content. The double-layer asphalt mix SS was more remarkably influenced by the bottom asphalt layer. The crumb rubber content also affected the rubber-modified the asphalt mix SS. The rubber-modified asphalt mix SS increased with the rise in crumb rubber content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to address the challenges of Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (SRGAN) in face image super-resolution reconstruction. We introduce a new improved SRGAN algorithm, named Wasserstein SRGAN (W-SRGAN), which addresses the limitations of the original model by enhancing the loss function, generator, and discriminator. Our approach utilizes the embedded residual structure combined with feature fusion as the new generator, while removing the Sigmoid of the last layer of the discriminator of SRGAN by borrowing the idea of Wasserstein GAN (W-GAN). Additionally, we replace the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence of SRGAN with Wasserstein distance. The contributions of our research are twofold. Firstly, we propose a new face super-resolution reconstruction algorithm that outperforms existing methods in terms of visual quality. Secondly, we introduce a new loss function and generator–discriminator architecture that can be applied to other image super-resolution tasks, extending the applicability of GANs in this domain. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed W-SRGAN outperforms Bicubic, Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN), and SRGAN in terms of visual quality on all Celeb A datasets. These results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm and provide a new solution for face super-resolution reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a boundary treatment scheme named the partially saturated method (PSM) is incorporated into the discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) for shallow water flows to deal with complex curved boundaries. In this PSM-DBM, the two-dimensional 16 velocity levels scheme is adopted and the finite difference method is used to solve the governing equation. Then, the PSM-DBM has been applied to simulate four cases, i.e. such as steady flow in a bending channel, the flow past a stationary cylinder, a jet-forced flow in a circular basin and flow in a meandering channel with 90° consecutive bends. The simulated results have been compared with the experiments and the simulation by traditional numerical simulation. The study shows that the agreement between simulation and experiments is good. It is demonstrated that the PSM-DBM is stable and accurate to deal with the curved boundaries. Moreover, the implementation of the PSM is relatively straightforward in treating stationary curved geometries and is easy to be incorporated into the DBM for shallow water flows. In conclusion, the proposed PSM-DBM can be used widely for flows with curved boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the initial attachment parts of the human body discharge under live working conditions of transmission lines, this paper proposes a calculation method suitable for any working posture and tower type based on the leader discharge theory. By simulating the formation of the leader channel, the minimum background field for the initiation of the stable leader in various parts of the human body is calculated, and the probability distribution of the initial discharge attachment position on the body surface of the worker is obtained. The results show that the stable transformation of the secondary corona to the leader channel at the tip of the human body is a precondition for this part to become an attachment point of the discharge; In the process of the worker entering the equipotential, affected by the entering direction and posture, the parts with a large curvature such as the hands and feet are likely to become the initial discharge attachment position; Due to the shielding effect from the limbs, the rear part of the worker has a low probability of becoming the initial discharge attachment position. The purpose of this research is to explore an effective method for identifying the discharge location of a live line worker, and to strengthen the protection of workers from the electric field. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of MFI twin crystals on b-axis oriented zeolite MFI nanosheet films was suppressed by adding dihydroxy-benzene isomers in the synthesis mixture. The resulting nanosheet films exhibit good intergrowth and a small grain thickness of 30–45 nm within a relatively short synthesis time (hours). The possible twin suppression mechanisms for the three isomers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Bio-inspired cellular structures provide excellent elements and design concepts for designing thin-walled energy-absorbing structures of vehicles, trains and aircrafts, due to their special structural characteristics and excellent mechanical properties. This study conducts a literature review of bio-inspired cellular energy-absorbing structures with a double-circular shape and multi-objective optimization problems of energy-absorbing structures. A multi-stage cooperative optimization algorithm, which combines the theories of multi-objective optimization and multi-criteria decision making, is proposed for solving the selection and optimization problems of bio-inspired cellular thin-walled structures. Multi-performance characterization analysis and evaluation of seven types of bio-inspired cellular structures under impact loading are carried out, including horsetail grass, bamboo, lotus leaf vein, beetle elytra, lotus root and shrimp dactyl club. Subsequently, comparative analysis and discussion are conducted to verify that this optimization method is feasible and practical. The results show that the optimized results obtained by this proposed algorithm are reliable, and the optimized bio-inspired cellular thin-walled energy-absorbing structure shows better overall characteristics in collisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor that threatens the health of women worldwide. Hsa_circ_0005273 has been identified as a carcinogenic factor in some solid tumors, including BC. However, the molecular mechanism of circ_0005273 in BC is poorly defined. Methods: The expression of circ_0005273, miR‐509‐3p, and hyaluronan‐mediated motility receptor (HMMR) mRNA in BC was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. The glycolysis level was detected via specific kits. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Binding between miR‐509‐3p and circ_0005273 or HMMR was also verified by dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA pull‐down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Xenograft tumor model was used to detect tumor changes in mice, and immunohistochemistry assay was employed to detect Ki‐67 abundance. Results: Circ_0005273 was increased in BC tissues and cells. Circ_0005273 knockdown might inhibit BC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, glutamine metabolism, and induce apoptosis. Circ_0005273 was a miR‐509‐3p, and the repression role of circ_0005273 absence on BC cell development was weakened by miR‐509‐3p inhibitor or HMMR overexpression. Circ_0005273 up‐regulated the expression of HMMR by sponging miR‐509‐3p. Additionally, circ_0005273 silencing might hinder tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: Circ_0005273 knockdown might repress BC cell malignant behaviors by regulating the miR‐509‐3p/HMMR axis, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal complexes are well‐known homogeneous electrocatalysts. In this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be considered as an ensemble of transition metal complexes ordered in a periodic arrangement. In addition, MOFs have several additional positive structural features that make them suitable for electrocatalysis, including large surface area, high porosity, and high content of accessible transition metal with exchangeable coordination positions. The present review describes the current state in the use of MOFs as electrocatalysts, both as host of electroactive guests and their direct electrocatalytic activity, particularly in the case of bimetallic MOFs. The field of MOF‐derived materials is purposely not covered, focusing on the direct use of MOFs or its composites as electrocatalysts. Special attention has been paid to present strategies to overcome their poor electrical conductivity and limited stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal complexes are well‐known homogeneous electrocatalysts. In this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be considered as an ensemble of transition metal complexes ordered in a periodic arrangement. In addition, MOFs have several additional positive structural features that make them suitable for electrocatalysis, including large surface area, high porosity, and high content of accessible transition metal with exchangeable coordination positions. The present review describes the current state in the use of MOFs as electrocatalysts, both as host of electroactive guests and their direct electrocatalytic activity, particularly in the case of bimetallic MOFs. The field of MOF‐derived materials is purposely not covered, focusing on the direct use of MOFs or its composites as electrocatalysts. Special attention has been paid to present strategies to overcome their poor electrical conductivity and limited stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the consensus problem of a linear multi-agent system with relative-state-dependent noises and time delays, where the noises are proportional to the relative states of agents and the delays are time-variant and uniform. The network topology of the information flow between agents is a directed graph. Based on the analysis of stochastic delayed differential equation and Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the mean square consensus of the multi-agent system are given by deriving out the upper bounds of delays and the intensities of the noises. Serval numerical simulation examples are shown to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intralaminar crack propagation of the carbon/epoxy two-dimensional plain woven composite material has been experimentally investigated. It was found that the propagation direction is insensitive to pre-crack tip locations. The propagation path direction is aligned along the intersecting position of warp fibers and weft fibers weaving, and the extends forward along the crack tip until the final fracture failure. The crack propagation process has two major stages, the maximum energy accumulation stage (stage A) and the gradual release of energy stage (stage B). In stage B, there are many single or several fiber bundles breakage during these stages due to the characteristics of reinforcing fibers woven from multiple fiber bundles. The warp fiber bundles gradually break under the axial tensile loading. Analysis of the images obtained by the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, the fracture surfaces of the specimens are all sawtoothed, the fracture damage of the plain woven single-layer laminate is mainly fiber bundles separation, breakage of the fiber, and debonding of the fiber and the matrix. In addition, the validity of the intralaminar crack propagation mechanisms is further verified by multi-layer laminate experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors are considered among the most promising electrical energy storage devices, there being a need to achieve the highest possible energy storage density. Herein small mixed Zn–Co metal oxide nanoparticles are grown on doped graphene (O‐, N‐ and, B‐doped graphenes). The electrochemical properties of the resulting mixed Zn–Co metal oxide nanoparticles (4 nm) grown on B‐doped graphene exhibit an outstanding specific capacitance of 2568 F g−1 at 2 A g−1, ranking this B‐doped graphene composite among the best performing electrodes. The energy storage capacity is also remarkable even at large current densities (i.e., 640 F g−1 at 40 A g−1). In contrast, larger nanoparticles are obtained using N‐ and O‐doped graphenes as support, the resulting materials exhibiting lower performance. Besides energy storage, the Zn–Co oxide on B‐doped graphene shows notable electrochemical performance and stability obtaining a maximum energy density of 77.6 W h Kg−1 at 850 W Kg−1, a power density of 8500 W Kg−1 at 28.3 W h Kg−1, and a capacitance retention higher than 85% after 5000 cycles. The smaller nanoparticle size and improved electrochemical performance on B‐doped graphene‐based devices are attributed to the higher defect density and nature of the dopant element on graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural optimal design, as an effective way to improve the crashing performance of energy-absorbing structures (EASs), still faces some challenges, e.g., multiple conflicting objectives and the non-uniqueness of Pareto solutions. To address these problems, this study proposes a hybrid optimization approach that combines the theories of multi-objective optimization and multiple-criteria decision-making to select the most preferred solution from the Pareto set with the consideration of engineering practitioners’ preferences. Specifically, this approach integrates the modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (g-NSGA-II), fuzzy DEMATEL method, and GRA to handle the structural optimization problem in the field of passive safety protection for trains. First of all, a coupled thermal–structural finite element model of a cutting-type EAS is established and verified by experimental results. Next, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore the effects of knife count on the crashing performance of the structure and select the best alternative. After that, multi-objective optimization of this structure is performed using the proposed hybrid optimization method. Analysis and discussion are conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicability of this proposed approach. The optimization results show that the proposed conjoint method can be effectively employed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem of EASs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are derived from the central nervous system and inherently difficult to camouflage, leading to the recent popularity of EEG-based emotion recognition. However, due to the non-stationary nature of EEG, inter-subject variabilities become obstacles for recognition models to well adapt to different subjects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called semi-supervised bipartite graph construction with active EEG sample selection (SBGASS) for cross-subject emotion recognition, which offers two significant advantages. Firstly, SBGASS adaptively learns a bipartite graph to characterize the underlying relationships between labeled and unlabeled EEG samples, effectively implementing the semantic connection for samples from different subjects. Secondly, we employ active sample selection technique in this paper to reduce the impact of negative samples (outliers or noise in the data) on bipartite graph construction. Drawing from the experimental results with the SEED-IV data set, we have gained the following three insights. (1) SBGASS actively rejects negative labeled samples, which helps mitigate the impact of negative samples when constructing the optimal bipartite graph and improves the model performance. (2) Through the learned optimal bipartite graph in SBGASS, the transferability of labeled EEG samples is quantitatively analyzed, which exhibits a decreasing tendency as the distance between each labeled sample and the corresponding class centroid increases. (3) Besides the improved recognition accuracy, the spatial-frequency patterns in emotion recognition are investigated by the acquired projection matrix.Graphical abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are derived from the central nervous system and inherently difficult to camouflage, leading to the recent popularity of EEG-based emotion recognition. However, due to the non-stationary nature of EEG, inter-subject variabilities become obstacles for recognition models to well adapt to different subjects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called semi-supervised bipartite graph construction with active EEG sample selection (SBGASS) for cross-subject emotion recognition, which offers two significant advantages. Firstly, SBGASS adaptively learns a bipartite graph to characterize the underlying relationships between labeled and unlabeled EEG samples, effectively implementing the semantic connection for samples from different subjects. Secondly, we employ active sample selection technique in this paper to reduce the impact of negative samples (outliers or noise in the data) on bipartite graph construction. Drawing from the experimental results with the SEED-IV data set, we have gained the following three insights. (1) SBGASS actively rejects negative labeled samples, which helps mitigate the impact of negative samples when constructing the optimal bipartite graph and improves the model performance. (2) Through the learned optimal bipartite graph in SBGASS, the transferability of labeled EEG samples is quantitatively analyzed, which exhibits a decreasing tendency as the distance between each labeled sample and the corresponding class centroid increases. (3) Besides the improved recognition accuracy, the spatial-frequency patterns in emotion recognition are investigated by the acquired projection matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the critical contributions of MOF-based catalytic materials in CO 2 RR and HER, mainly discussing the strategies for the synthesis and modification of MOF-based catalysts, advanced characterization techniques, and the current advances, challenges and future prospects of MOF-based catalysts in CO 2 RR and HER. [Display omitted] • A prototype of future carbon–neutral energy conversion system is pointed out. • Strategies of synthesis, modification and characterization for MOF are highlighted. • Recent advances of MOF-based catalysts in CO 2 RR and HER are compiled in detail. • Challenges and prospect of MOF-based catalysts for CO 2 RR and HER are discussed. To address environmental problems and growing energy demands, reducing CO 2 emissions and developing sustainable clean energy are becoming increasingly crucial. In this context, carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are gaining significant attention as promising technologies for energy conversion utilizing renewable energy sources. However, developing advanced and highly efficient catalysts is essential to make these applications feasible. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous crystalline materials, have shown great potential in designing such catalysts for CO 2 RR and HER. Their ordered and tailorable structures, ultrahigh surface areas, and well-defined active sites make them ideal for this purpose. This review discusses the current advances, remaining challenges and future opportunities of MOF-based catalysts in CO 2 RR and HER. First, the strategies for synthesizing and modifying MOF-based catalysts are overviewed, including pristine MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivatives. Then, the advanced characterization techniques are showcased to provide reaction mechanism insights. Moreover, the recent advances of MOF-based catalysts in both CO 2 RR and HER are compiled in detail, highlighting the structure–activity relationship of MOF materials. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of MOF-based catalysts for CO 2 RR and HER are described. This review provides a systemic and in-depth insight into MOF-based catalyst for CO 2 RR and HER, hoping that this timely and comprehensive review can shed light on the upcoming research horizons of these prosperous areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties and cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of directed energy deposition (DED) and as-cast nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. The DED-produced NAB alloy showed a finer microstructure, and the content of κ phases significantly decreased, improving yield strength (increased by 27.76%) and elongation (increased by 54.89%) of NAB alloy. The DED-produced NAB exhibited a more uniform microstructure, fewer high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and twin boundaries (∑3), resulting in a weakened synergistic effect between corrosion and mechanical attack. Compared with the as-cast counterpart, the mass loss rate of DED-produced NAB decreased by 74.77%. ● Nickel-Aluminum Bronze components were fabricated by directed energy deposition. ● Differences in microstructure between DNAB and the CNAB were discussed. ● Fine and uniform microstructure of DNAB enhanced its mechanical properties. ● DNAB exhibited better cavitation erosion and -corrosion resistance than CNAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Course scheduling is a combinatorial optimization problem with multiple constraints. To achieve the reasonable allocation of teaching resources, all courses should be arranged under a number of specified constraints. With the increased number of courses, the solution space increases exponentially. However, the traditional methods cannot quickly find the optimal solution. In order to overcome the disadvantages of low efficiency and the possibility of high conflict in traditional course scheduling, this research study proposes a course scheduling, method based on an improved binary cuckoo search algorithm (IBCS). First of all, a multi-objective and multi-constraint mathematical model of course scheduling is established. Course scheduling involves issues, such as allocating teachers, courses, classes, classrooms and time under specific constraints. The class element is defined to represent the class and the course that the teachers will teach. Therefore, the problem of course scheduling is transformed into the process of mapping from the class element to the classroom-time pair. Six hard constraints and three soft constraints are also defined accordingly. Then, the BCS algorithm is used to search the best course scheduling scheme in the binary-encoded solution space. In order to control the convergence rate effectively and avoid falling into the local optimum, a dynamically adjustable, equilibrium coefficient is introduced. Therefore, the algorithm retains the diversity of the solutions while converging. Finally, this research study constructs the data set and carries out the simulation experiment. It also compares the IBCS algorithm in this paper with the genetic algorithm and the standard binary cuckoo search algorithm (BCS). Experimental results show that the IBCS algorithm can converge in effective time. Meanwhile, it can achieve an improved global scheduling scheme with higher stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: To determine the succession of ambrosia beetles after tree felling, two Betulaceae tree species, an alder (Alnus hirsuta), and a white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were felled as bait logs in central Hokkaido, Japan, in 2016. From 2016 to 2018, the bait logs were dissected late in each flying season to collect ambrosia beetles. During the period of monitoring, most beetles were collected during the first 2 years. The ambrosia beetle faunas colonizing the two plant species were found to be similar, and it was established that each beetle species appeared in the same sequence in each of the two plant species, albeit with differing temporal patterns. These observations thus indicate a similar sequence of beetle succession in the two tree species, and that the relative niches of beetle species in the successional sequence after tree felling can be determined using this methodology. Ambrosia beetles bore into the xylem of woody plants, reduce timber quality, and can sometimes cause devastating damage to forest ecosystems. The colonization by different beetle species is dependent on host status, from healthy trees to the early stages of wood decay, although the precise factors influencing their host selection are not well known. Classic studies on plant ecology have determined the niches of different plant species in vegetation succession, based on comparisons of successions in different locations using ordination analyses, although the factors influencing the colonization of each species are largely undetermined. In this study, to characterize the succession of ambrosia beetles after tree felling, two Betulaceae tree species, an alder (Alnus hirsuta), and a white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were felled as bait logs in central Hokkaido, Japan, in 2016. From 2016 to 2018, the bait logs were dissected late in each flying season, and ambrosia beetles were collected from the logs. During the period of monitoring, the beetle colonization in both tree species was mostly concentrated in the first 2 years. We observed similarities in the beetle faunas colonizing the two plant species, and that individual species appeared in the same sequence in the logs of the two plant species, although the temporal patterns of colonization differed. Consequently, significant differences in beetle community compositions in the two host species were detected in each of the first 2 years of the study, whereas the difference in the overall composition of beetle assemblages (=pooled over 3 years) between the two plant species was smaller than that in either 2016 or 2017. We speculated that the differences in the temporal pattern of colonization could be attributable to differences in the rates at which the wood of the two tree species deteriorated. Treptoplatypus severini and Xylosandrus crassiusculus were considered to be early-successional species that commenced log colonization soon after felling, although T. severini has a wide niche and was collected during all 3 years of the study. Conversely, Xyleborinus attenuatus and Heteroborips seriatus were identified as probable late-successional species that showed a preference for older logs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) is regarded as one of the promising cocatalysts to enhance the catalytic performance of photoanodes but suffers from serious interfacial charge-carrier recombination at the photoanode||NiOOH interface. In this work, surface-engineered BiVO 4 photoanodes are fabricated by sandwiching an oxygen vacancy (O vac) interlayer between BiVO 4 and NiOOH. The surface O vac interlayer is introduced on BiVO 4 by a chemical reduction treatment using a mild reducing agent, sodium hypophosphite. The induced O vac can alleviate the interfacial charge-carrier recombination at the BiVO4||NiOOH junction, resulting in efficient charge separation and transfer efficiencies, while an outer NiOOH layer is coated to prevent the O vac layer from degradation. As a result, the as-prepared NiOOH-P-BiVO 4 photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent density of 3.2 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under the irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5G simulated sunlight, in comparison to those of bare BiVO 4 , P-BiVO 4, and NiOOH-BiVO 4 photoanodes (1.1, 2.1 and 2.3 mA cm−2, respectively). In addition to the superior photoactivity, the 5-h amperometric measurements illustrate improved stability of the surface-engineered NiOOH-P-BiVO 4 photoanode. Our work showcases the feasibility of combining cocatalysts with O vac , for improved photoactivity and stability of photoelectrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Distribution of long-haul goods could be managed via multimodal transportation networks where decision-maker has to consider these factors including the uncertainty of transportation time and cost, the timetable limitation of selected modes and the storage cost incurred in advance or delay arriving of the goods. Considering the above factors comprehensively, this paper establishes a multimodal multi-objective route optimization model which aims to minimize total transportation duration and cost. This study could be used as a reference for decision-maker to transportation plans. Design/methodology/approach: Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is introduced to deal with transportation uncertainty and the NSGA-II algorithm with an external archival elite retention strategy is designed. An efficient transformation method based on data-drive to overcome the high time-consuming problem brought by MC simulation. Other contribution of this study is developed a scheme risk assessment method for the non-absolutely optimal Pareto frontier solution set obtained by the NSGA-II algorithm. Findings: Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm as it is able to find a high-quality solution and the risk assessment method proposed in this paper can provide support for the route decision. Originality/value: The impact of timetable on transportation duration is analyzed and making a detailed description in the mathematical model. The uncertain transportation duration and cost are represented by random number that obeys a certain distribution and designed NSGA-II with MC simulation to solve the proposed problem. The data-driven strategy is adopted to reduce the computational time caused by the combination of evolutionary algorithm and MC simulation. The elite retention strategy with external archiving is created to improve the quality of solutions. A risk assessment approach is proposed for the solution scheme and in the numerical simulation experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Singapore faces an ageing population with increasingly complex healthcare needs, a problem which could be addressed by high quality primary care. Many patients with complex needs are not managed by private general practitioners (GPs) who form the majority of the primary care workforce. Currently, there is paucity of literature describing the needs of these private GPs in providing such care. Aim: Understand the challenges, enablers and possible solutions from the perspective of private GPs in providing primary care of patients with complex needs. Method: We conducted a qualitative study using an inductive approach. Private GPs were interviewed using a semi-structured question guide with convenience sampling until thematic saturation was reached. These 12 interviewees were part of a network of clinics that provide primary care for complex patients who were recently discharged from a community hospital providing post-acute care. Data was transcribed prior to a process of familiarisation, coded and analysed using thematic analysis by three independent investigators. Results: Three themes emerged in the analysis. From a micro-organizational standpoint, private GPs and patients with complex needs must be willing to accept each other to have a therapeutic encounter (e.g., patients' multidimensional needs, GP clinic set-up is simple yet busy). Next, from a meso-organizational view, trust and good communication channels between the referring doctors and private GPs must exist for effective collaboration in managing complex care. Lastly, macro-organizationally, external stakeholders (e.g., policy-makers) should fund care models, which are financially viable to both patients, and private GPs (e.g., via adequate subsidies and renumeration respectively) as such complex care require many resources. Conclusion: Multiple factors exist which influence the ability of private GPs in Singapore to care for patients with complex needs. Addressing these factors may reduce the over dependence on high-cost hospitals for care delivery in similar healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Self-breaking design of composite current collector helps improve battery safety. • Self-breaking is fulfilled by introducing oxygen when evaporating aluminum layer. • Extra oxygen forms multilayer structure containing Al oxide on the polymer core. • Short circuit path is spontaneously cut-off by the multilayer structure. • Battery will not undergo thermal runaway when being penetrated. The safety problem obstructs the large-scale application of high energy batteries. Instantaneous short circuit at millisecond triggers uncontrollable thermal runaway in high energy batteries. Herein, to shut down the short circuit at early stage, we accomplish the safety design using composite current collector that spontaneously breaks due to its heterogeneous ductility. The composite current collector has a core with high ductility (the polyethylene terephthalate base), and a skin with low ductility (multi-layer metal). Controlled oxygen is introduced when evaporating aluminum atoms onto the polyethylene terephthalate base, therefore the skin layer will be composed of aluminum and aluminum-oxide layers in staggered rows. The multi-layer skin is more susceptible to crack under the mesoscopic deformation than the plastic core, thereby preventing short circuit by cutting off the pathway of electrons. The cell assembled by the multi-layer composite current collector can pass the nail penetration test without spark, fire and explosion, while the cell with pure current collector and composite current collector with single layer skin cannot. The assembled cell has comparable electrochemical performance (88% capacity retention after 450 cycles) with the reference cell. This work affords novel ideas for the high safety structural design of high energy batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting-type structures, because of their desirable mechanical characteristics, high energy absorption capabilities and excellent guiding performance, has been extensively employed in high-speed trains. Its lightweight design and optimization problems are also the hotspot of research directions in present. This paper designed a new-type structure, i.e., magnesium alloy cutting-type energy-absorbing structure (CTEAS), taking into account its excellent properties of high lightweight level and ease of processing demonstrated through AZ31B magnesium alloy tensile mechanical test. Subsequently, experimental study on magnesium alloy CTEAS are conducted by trolley impact tests of train considering different cutting depths and different velocity levels. The results confirmed the outstanding advantages, including high lightweight level and higher absorbed energy properties, and lower demands of knives, compared with the structures with Q345 steel. In addition, the mechanism of knives cracking and melting phenomenon found in the experiment is explored by finite element analytical method. The results show that the temperature difference between the high-temperature surface and the interior during the cutting Q345 steel process is maybe the key influencing factor leading to knives damage. This research provides an effective tool for the design and analysis of excellent performance energy absorbing structure of high-speed trains. • AZ31B magnesium alloy can be used to cutting-type energy-absorbing structures. • Magnesium alloy structure has outstanding advantages in lightweight and higher SEA. • Temperature of the tools during the cutting process of Q345 steel is more than 900 °C. • Temperature of the tools is less than 800 °C when AZ31B magnesium alloy is cut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of exercise or exercise combined with inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling. Totally 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (normal saline treatment), ISO group (subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol, 10 mg/kg/day, once daily for 5 consecutive days), the exercise with subcutaneous ISO injection group (EPI), and the exercise with injected with ISO and ICOS mAb group (EPII). The mice in EPI and EPII group were trained on a small animal treadmill for 4 weeks (13 m/min, 0% grade, 60min/day). Exercise significantly attenuated CD45+, Mac-2 inflammatory cell infiltration, cardiac fibrosis and inhibited the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL/CaMKII and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis pathways to counter ISO-induced severe cardiac injury. The administration of the ICOS mAb may inhibit the cardioprotection of exercise against ISO-induced heart damage. Compared to those in EPI, our data showed that the increasing levels of myocardial fibrosis, the leukocyte infiltration of cardiac tissue and proteins expression of cardiac myocyte necrosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways in the EPII group. Our results demonstrated that exercise decreased leukocyte infiltration in heart, inhibited the cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways, and attenuated inflammatory responses to alleviate ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic effects of combined treatment with exercise and ICOS mAb intervention did not exhibit synergistic enhancement. • Exercise attenuates the cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. • ICOS antibody attenuates the protective effect of exercise against isoproterenol induced cardiac injury. • Exercise preconditioning inhibited the cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways by ISO-induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are believed to regulate the progression of various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role and mechanism of circ_0124554 in regulating the sensitivity of CRC to radiation remain unknown. The RNA levels of circ_0124554, LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1), and methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was checked by western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were investigated by 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry analysis, and transwell assay, respectively. The sensitivity of CRC cells to radiation was analyzed by cell colony formation assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was conducted to disclose the role of circ_0001023 in the sensitivity of tumors to radiation in vivo. The binding relationships among circ_0124554, miR-1184 and LASP1 were confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. m6A RNA immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify the association of METTL3 with circ_0124554. Circ_0124554 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells in comparison with normal colorectal tissues and cells. Circ_0124554 knockdown inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis and radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Moreover, circ_0124554 depletion inhibited tumor formation and improved radiosensitivity in vivo. MiR-1184 was identified as a target miRNA of circ_0124554 and targeted LASP1. Additionally, LASP1 overexpression rescued circ_0124554 knockdown-mediated effects in CRC cells. METTL3 mediated m6A methylation of circ_0124554. Further, circ_0124554 overexpression attenuated METTL3 depletion-induced effects in CRC cells. m6A-modified circ_0124554 promoted CRC progression and radioresistance by inducing LASP1 expression through interaction with miR-1184. • Circ_0124554 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. • Circ_0124554 silencing inhibited CRC cell malignancy and promoted radiosensitivity. • Circ_0124554 silencing inhibited LASP1 expression by interacting with miR-1184. • METTL3 mediated m6A methylation of circ_0124554. • Circ_0124554 overexpression attenuated METTL3 depletion-mediated effects in CRC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PIV and the PCA are used to measure simultaneously the surface velocity field and pollutant concentration. • DBM D2Q16 and LBM D2Q5 are used to simulate the velocity and concentration fields. • Effects of the vegetation's density on water depth, velocity field and pollutant transport are discussed. Transport phenomena are crucial components of the biological and chemical processes that govern fluvial environments. The presence of vegetation along rivers plays a significant role in affecting the flow velocity, which becomes unevenly distributed, and consequently is an important factor that can affect longitudinal and transversal dispersion and mixing of pollutants. Therefore, in this study, to provide a better understanding and further insights of the velocity field and the pollutant dispersion in open channels partially covered by sparse vegetation and dense vegetation, an experimental campaign is presented to compare them with the no-vegetation scenario. Novel datasets are produced by applying the Particle Image Velocity (PIV) and the Planar Concentration Analysis (PCA) technologies, which were used to measure simultaneously the surface velocity field and pollutant concentration map within the open channel tested. Results obtained have been used to calibrate and validate a numerical model designed to simulate velocity fields (via Discrete Boltzmann Model D2Q16) and pollutant concentration maps (via the Lattice Boltzmann model D2Q9). Results have shown that as the density of vegetation increases, the flow velocity in the vegetation zone decreases while the velocity in the no-vegetation zone increases. So, the velocity gradient in the transition zone increases accordingly. Besides, the water surface difference between inlet and outlet is higher as the density increases. Finally, the simulated results have been compared with corresponding experimental data and good agreements have been achieved, which indicates that the model developed can accurately predict features that were observed and measured within the experimental facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at comparing the 3D discrete element modelling of the indirect tensile (IDT) strength of asphalt mixtures with and without considering the air void size and distribution. Micromechanical models for predicting the IDT strength of asphalt mixtures, with and without considering the air void size and distribution, were established using X-ray computed tomography and 3D discrete element method (DEM) incorporated with a cohesive zone model (CZM). The IDT strength of three asphalt mixtures were simulated at three different temperatures on the basis of these models. Simulation results were verified against known experimental IDT tests. The results show that air void characteristics affected greatly the IDT strength of asphalt mixtures, and with the same material parameters, the IDT strength with considering the real air void size and distribution was lower and closer to the experimental IDT strength than that without considering the real air void size and distribution. Furthermore, aggregate size and temperature also significantly affected the IDT strength. IDT strength increased with increasing aggregate size or decreasing temperature. Aggregate size had an increased impact on the IDT strength with increasing temperature, whereas air void characteristics had a decreased influence on the IDT strength with increasing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasound combined with Baicalin can effectively treat traumatic brain injury. • Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the brain damage. • The Nissl staining was used to quantify brain injury histologically. • Compared with ultrasound, Baicalin is more effective in the treatment of brain edema. • Compared with Baicalin, ultrasound is more effective in the treatment of fiber injury. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (LITUS) can improve the inflammatory reaction after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Baicalin also has a good protective effect on TBI. The purpose of this study was to observe the neuroprotective effect of LITUS combined with Baicalin intervention in the TBI rats. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 15) which were Sham control group, TBI group, LITUS group, Baicalin group, LITUS combined with Baicalin group (L B group). The rats were scanned with 3.0 T magnetic resonance imager, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the brain injury cortical area were determined at 3 h, 1, 3, 7 and 10 d after TBI. The ADC value, FA value, neurological function score and Nissl staining were used to assess the level of brain damage of rats. The results showed that on the 10th day after TBI, the ADC values of the TBI group, the LITUS group and the Baicalin group were remarkable greater than that of the L-B group (all adjusted P < 0.05), FA values were remarkable smaller than that of the L-B group (all adjusted P < 0.05), neurological function scores were remarkable greater than that of the L-B group (all adjusted P < 0.05), and Nissl body loss rates were remarkable greater than that of the L-B group (all adjusted P < 0.001). This study indicated that compared with the LITUS group and the Baicalin group, the L-B group can more effectively reduce level of brain damage after TBI, and the method of LITUS combined with Baicalin intervention was a more effective neuroprotection for brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Recent progress on the applications of 2D materials in perovskite solar cells is discussed from the views of bottom interfaces, top interfaces, and electrodes. The roles of van der Waals heterojunction in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells are highlighted. The future directions and challenges in development of 2D materials-based perovskite solar cells are provided. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer low costs and high power conversion efficiency. However, the lack of long-term stability, primarily stemming from the interfacial defects and the susceptible metal electrodes, hinders their practical application. In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.g., graphene and its derivatives, transitional metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and black phosphorus) have been identified as a promising solution to solving these problems because of their dangling bond-free surfaces, layer-dependent electronic band structures, tunable functional groups, and inherent compactness. Here, recent progress of 2D material toward efficient and stable PSCs is summarized, including its role as both interface materials and electrodes. We discuss their beneficial effects on perovskite growth, energy level alignment, defect passivation, as well as blocking external stimulus. In particular, the unique properties of 2D materials to form van der Waals heterojunction at the bottom interface are emphasized. Finally, perspectives on the further development of PSCs using 2D materials are provided, such as designing high-quality van der Waals heterojunction, enhancing the uniformity and coverage of 2D nanosheets, and developing new 2D materials-based electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training on pulmonary diffusion capacity and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty-eight patients with T2DM were randomly divided into three groups: Group A—Taichi training: practiced Taichi 60 min/day, 6 days/week for 24 weeks; Group B—Taichi plus resistance band training: practiced 60-min Taichi 4 days/week plus 60-min resistance band training 2 days/week for 24 weeks; and Group C–controls: maintaining their daily lifestyles. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied to predict diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) by fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), von Willebrand Factor (vWF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor, and prostaglandin I-2. Taichi with or without resistance band training significantly improved DLCO, increased insulin sensitivity, eNOS and NO, and reduced fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, vWF, IL-6, ICAM-1, and ET-1. There was no change in any of these variables in the control group. DLCO was significantly predicted (R2 = 0.82) by insulin sensitivity (standard-β = 0.415, P<0.001), eNOS (standard-β = 0.128, P = 0.017), TNF-α (standard-β = -0.259, P = 0.001), vWF (standard-β = -0.201, P = 0.007), and IL-6 (standard-β = -0.175, P = 0.032) in patients with T2DM. The impact of insulin sensitivity was the most important predictor for the variation of DLCO based on the multiple regression modeling. This study demonstrates that 24-week Taichi training and Taichi plus resistance band training effectively improve pulmonary diffusion capacity and blood glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Variation of DLCO is explained by improved insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, and reduced inflammatory markers, including TNF-α, vWF, and IL-6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent improvements in ophthalmic imaging have led to the identification of a thickened choroid or pachychoroid to be associated with a number of retinal diseases. The number of conditions linked to this phenotype has continued to widen with specific endophenotypes found within the pachychoroid spectrum. The spectrum includes choroidal features such as focal or diffuse choroidal thickening and thinning of the overlying inner choroid, and choroidal hyperpermeability as demonstrated by indocyanine green angiography. In addition, these diseases are associated with overlying retinal pigmentary changes and retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and may also be associated with choroidal neovascularization. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature looking at diseases currently described within the pachychoroid spectrum including central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization, peripapillary pachychoroid disease and focal choroidal excavation. We particularly focus on clinical imaging, genetics and pathological findings in these conditions with the aim of updating evidence suggesting a common aetiology between diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As enterprise information systems grow in scale and computing resources remain limited, some computing system services run into occasional abnormalities such as degraded stability and the failure to respond in time. Fewer monitoring tools mean that system maintenance managers may not be notified when abnormal events occur. It becomes difficult to diagnose and manage the problems promptly, to decrease service interruptions and to fully grasp how computing resources are being utilized. Monitor systems that provide enterprise-wide services must perform better if they are to meet the needs of customers. Therefore, it is necessary for the system administrator to monitor the system. In this case study, we propose and develop a cloud-based monitor system that uses Java to run on the J2EE platform. We build a cloud-based performance analysis and monitoring mechanism whose system architecture has three components: a server resource performance monitor, an enterprise application systems monitor and an abnormal event notification system. The performance analysis and monitoring mechanisms are integrated and include an active diagnosis system and maintenance module to issue notifications when any system experiences abnormal operations. This results in an increase in enterprise system availability and effectively lowers the frequency of abnormal operations. System resource usage reports compiled from the data enable the optimal allocation of the enterprise's limited computing resources. This monitoring system ensures high quality and lowers the operational cost of providing information services, enhancing the provider–customer relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concept factorization (CF) is an effective matrix factorization model which has been widely used in many applications. In CF, the linear combination of data points serves as the dictionary based on which CF can be performed in both the original feature space as well as the reproducible kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). The conventional CF treats each dimension of the feature vector equally during the data reconstruction process, which might violate the common sense that different features have different discriminative abilities and therefore contribute differently in pattern recognition. In this paper, we introduce an auto-weighting variable into the conventional CF objective function to adaptively learn the corresponding contributions of different features and propose a new model termed Auto-Weighted Concept Factorization (AWCF). In AWCF, on one hand, the feature importance can be quantitatively measured by the auto-weighting variable in which the features with better discriminative abilities are assigned larger weights; on the other hand, we can obtain more efficient data representation to depict its semantic information. The detailed optimization procedure to AWCF objective function is derived whose complexity and convergence are also analyzed. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and representative benchmark data sets and the clustering results demonstrate the effectiveness of AWCF in comparison with some related models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In electroencephalography (EEG)-based affective brain–computer interfaces (aBCIs), there is a consensus that EEG features extracted from different frequency bands and channels have different abilities in emotion expression. Besides, EEG is so weak and non-stationary that easily causes distribution discrepancies for EEG data collected at different times; therefore, it is necessary to explore the affective activation patterns in cross-session emotion recognition. To address these two problems, we propose a self-weighted semi-supervised classification (SWSC) model in this article for joint EEG-based cross-session emotion recognition and affective activation patterns mining, whose merits include: 1) using both the labeled and unlabeled samples from different sessions for better capturing data characteristics; 2) introducing a self-weighted variable to learn the importance of EEG features adaptively and quantitatively; and 3) mining the activation patterns including the critical EEG frequency bands and channels automatically based on the learned self-weighted variable. Extensive experiments are conducted on the benchmark SEED_IV emotional dataset and SWSC obtained excellent average accuracies of 77.40%, 79.55%, and 81.52% in three cross-session emotion recognition tasks. Moreover, SWSC identifies that the Gamma frequency band contributes the most and the EEG channels in prefrontal, left/right temporal, and (central) parietal lobes are more important for cross-session emotion recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is a good candidate for solid lubricants due to its unique atomic structure. Its lubrication properties are sensitive to chemical modifications such as hydrogenations. Here, an investigation on the lubrication behavior of hydrogenated graphene on a substrate of diamond-like carbon films is performed via molecular dynamics simulations. Hydrogenated graphene exhibits excellent lubrication behaviors at low or intermediate normal loads, but loses its lubrication effect at high normal loads. In addition, it is demonstrated that the friction force is unaffected by the asperities with small periodicity around the substrate surface. Moreover, the improved lubrication for multilayer hydrogenated graphene is sensitive to its adhesion interactions with substrate, which is different from previously reported cases. This is because the relative movement of concaves changes as the number of graphene layer increases. Although the rigidity of hydrogenated graphene increases induced by chemical modifications, its larger friction force results from the atomic-level roughness. It is believed that these findings can provide a guideline for the superlubricity design based on the chemically modified graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in association with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is rare.Case Presentation: This case report depicts the unusual case of a 31-year-old woman of mixed Jamaican and English heritage with IIH who presented initially as IDA in the context of menorrhagia. Subsequent ophthalmic review, lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and neuroimaging studies revealed severe bilateral optic disc swelling and raised intracranial pressure in keeping with IIH. Prompt treatment of IDA with blood transfusion and orally administered iron supplements, in addition to medical treatment for IIH, contributed to significant improvement of symptoms and prevented long-term visual deficits.Conclusion: The possibility of IDA, albeit rare, should always be considered and investigated appropriately in all patients with IIH, as the treatment of the anemia alone may be sight-saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to analyze the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels of hospitalized patients with treatment decisions and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This was a secondary analysis study from CPACS-2 Program which was a trial of a quality improvement intervention in China and recruited 15,141 patients from 75 hospitals between October 2007 and August 2010. All patients were divided into three groups by the eGFR level on admission. The primary outcomes were several key performance indicators (KPIs) reflecting the management of ACS and the secondary outcomes were clinical outcomes. A total of 14,437 ACS patients were enrolled in this analysis. Among patients with reduced eGFR levels, fewer patients received appropriate medical therapy (p for trend <0.001) and fewer high-risk patients received coronary angiography (p for trend <0.001) compared to patients with a normal eGFR. Furthermore, 436 cases of death, 357 cases of cardiac death, 686 cases of major adverse cardiovascular events, and 198 cases of major bleeding episodes were reported. Patients with a worse eGFR level had significantly higher rates of death (p for trend <0.001), cardiac death (p for trend <0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (p for trend <0.001) and major bleeding episodes (p for trend <0.001). Among Chinese ACS patients, those with renal insufficiency have a lower percentage of adherence to guideline-recommended treatments and worse clinical prognosis. Renal insufficiency is an important factor affecting guideline implementation in Chinese ACS patients. http://www.anzctr.org.au/default.aspx. Unique identifier: ACTRN12609000491268. • In reduced eGFR levels more patients had a longer length of hospitalization stay. • In reduced eGFR levels less patients received appropriate medical therapy. • In reduced eGFR levels and less high-risk patients received coronary angiography. • Patients with worse eGFR level had significant worse clinical outcomes. • Renal insufficiency is important to guideline implementation in ACS in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the influence of void characteristics on the uniaxial penetration strength (UPS) of asphalt mixtures using a three-dimensional (3D) discrete-element method (DEM). Three models for the uniaxial penetration test (UPT) for asphalt mixtures (namely, a model considering real void size and distribution, a model considering random void size and distribution, and a model without considering voids) were created using imaging techniques and 3D DEM embedded with a Burgers model. The UPS was predicted/simulated on the basis of the models. The simulation results were verified against known laboratory UPTs. Research results showed that the UPS of asphalt mixtures was able to be predicted by using 3D DEM, and void characteristics had a significant influence on the UPS. With the same model parameters, the UPS of the model without considering voids was the largest, followed by that of the model considering random void size and distribution, whereas the model considering real void size and distribution was the lowest but the closest to the experiment results. Furthermore, aggregate size, binder content, and temperature affected the UPS. The UPS grew with increasing nominal maximum aggregate size and declined with temperature. The UPS with low or high binder content was less than that with the optimum binder content at 60°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]