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There is growing scholarly interest in what leads to global or national prioritization of specific health issues. By retrospectively analysing agenda setting for India's national burn programme, this study aimed to better understand how the agenda-setting process influenced its design, implementation and performance. We conducted document reviews and key informant interviews with stakeholders and used a combination of analytical frameworks on policy prioritization and issue framing for analysis. The READ (readying material, extracting data, analysing data and distilling findings) approach was used for document reviews, and qualitative thematic analysis was used for coding and analysis of documents and interviews. The findings suggest three critical features of burns care policy prioritization in India: challenges of issue characteristics, divergent portrayal of ideas and its framing as a social and/or health issue and over-centralization of agenda setting. First, lack of credible indicators on the magnitude of the problem and evidence on interventions limited issue framing, advocacy and agenda setting. Second, the policy response to burns has two dimensions in India: response to gender-based intentional injuries and the healthcare response. While intentional burns have received policy attention, the healthcare response was limited until the national programme was initiated in 2010 and scaled up in 2014. Third, over-centralization of agenda setting (dominated by a few homogenous actors, located in the national capital, with attention focused on the national ministry of health) contributed to limitations in programme design and implementation. We note following elements to consider when analysing issues of significant burden but limited priority: the need to analyse how actors influence issue framing, the particularities of issues, the inadequacy of any one dominant frame and the limited intersection of frames. Based on this analysis in India, we recommend a decentralized approach to agenda setting and for the design and implementation of national programmes from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Urgent attention is required to tackle the problem of child and adolescent injury across the world. There have been considerable shifts in the epidemiological patterns of child deaths; while [...], Urgent attention is required to tackle the problem of child and adolescent injury across the world. There have been considerable shifts in the epidemiological patterns of child deaths; while great progress has been made in preventing infectious diseases, the exposure of children and adolescents to the risks of injury appear to be increasing and will continue to do so in the future. The issue of injuries is too often absent from child and adolescent health agendas. In December 2008, WHO and the United Nations Children's Fund published the World report on child injury prevention, calling global attention to the problem of child injuries. This article expands on the report's arguments that child injuries must be integrated into child health initiatives and proposes initial steps for achieving this integration. Une traduction en francais de ce resume figure a la fin de l'article. Al final del articulo se facilita una traduccion al espanol. Il convient de s'interesser et de s'attaquer rapidement au probleme des traumatismes affectant les enfants et les adolescents a travers le monde. Les schemas epidemiologiques de la mortalite infantojuvenile ont subi des evolutions considerables ; alors que de grands progres ont ete realises dans la prevention des maladies infectieuses, il semble que les enfants et les adolescents soient de plus en plus exposes au risque de traumatisme et que cette situation ait tendance a perdurer dans l'avenir. La question des traumatismes est trop souvent absente des programmes en faveur de la sante des enfants et des adolescents. En decembre 2008, l'OMS et le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l'enfance ont publie le Rapport mondial sur la prevention des traumatismes chez l'enfant, qui appelle a etre attentif dans le monde entier a la problematique des traumatismes chez l'enfant. Le present article developpe l'argumentation de ce rapport en faveur de l'integration de la prevention des traumatismes dans les initiatives pour la sante des enfants et propose des etapes initiales pour realiser cette integration. El problema de las lesiones de los ninos y los adolescentes requiere atencion urgente en todo el mundo. La distribucion de las muertes infantiles ha sufrido cambios epidemiologicos considerables; se han hecho grandes progresos en la prevencion de las enfermedades infecciosas, pero la exposicion de los ninos y adolescentes a los riesgos de lesiones parece estar aumentando, y seguira haciendolo en el futuro. El problema de las lesiones esta a menudo ausente de los programas sobre la salud del nino y del adolescente. En diciembre de 2008 la OMS publico el Informe Mundial sobre Prevencion de las Lesiones en los Ninos, en el que se llamaba la atencion para este problema. En el presente articulo se amplian los argumentos expuestos en dicho informe en defensa de la integracion del problema de las lesiones en las iniciativas sobre la salud de los ninos y se proponen medidas iniciales para lograr dicha integracion.

Introduction Unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death among children and young adults. (1) Over 875 000 children ≤ 18 years of age die annually in the world as [...], Objective To determine the frequency and nature of childhood injuries and to explore the risk factors for such injuries in low-income countries by using emergency department (ED) surveillance data. Methods This pilot study represents the initial phase of a multi-country global childhood unintentional injury surveillance (GCUIS) project and was based on a sequential sample of children < 11 years of age of either gender who presented to selected EDs in Bangladesh, Colombia, Egypt and Pakistan over a 3-4 month period, which varied for each site, in 2007. Findings Of 1559 injured children across all sites, 1010 (65%) were male; 941 (60%) were aged ≥ 5 years, 32 (2%) were < 1 year old. Injuries were especially frequent (34%) during the morning hours. They occurred in and around the home in 56% of the cases, outside while children played in 63% and during trips in 11%. Of all the injuries observed, 913 (56%) involved falls; 350 (22%), road traffic injuries; 210 (13%), burns; 66 (4%), poisoning; and 20 (1%), near drowning or drowning. Falls occurred most often from stairs or ladders; road traffic injuries most often involved pedestrians; the majority of burns were from hot liquids; poisonings typically involved medicines, and most drowning occurred in the home. The mean injury severity score was highest for near drowning or drowning (11), followed closely by road traffic injuries (10). There were 6 deaths, of which 2 resulted from drowning, 2 from falls and 2 from road traffic injuries. Conclusion Hospitais in low-income countries bear a substantial burden of childhood injuries, and systematic surveillance is required to identify the epidemiological distribution of such injuries and understand their risk factors. Methodological standardization for surveillance across countries makes it possible to draw international comparisons and identify common issues. Objectif Determiner la frequence et la nature des traumatismes touchant les enfants et etudier les facteurs de risque pour ces traumatismes dans des pays a faible revenu en utilisant les donnees de surveillance des services d'urgence. Methodes Cette etude pilote represente la phase initiale d'un projet multi-pays de surveillance des traumatismes non intentionnels de l'enfant (GCUIS) era ete menee a partir d'un echantillon sequentiel d'enfants de moins de 11 ans de l'un et l'autre sexe, qui ont ete presentes dans des services d'urgence selectionnes du Bangladesh, de Colombie, d'Egypte et du Pakistan, sur une periode de 3-4 mois, variable selon les sites, au cours de rannee 2007. Resultats Parmi les 1559 enfants victimes de traumatisme accueillis sur l'ensemble ales sites, 1010 (65%) etaient de sexe masculin, 941 (60%) etaient ages de 5 ans et plus et 32 (2%) avaient moins d'un an. Les traumatismes etaient particulierement frequents (34%) pendant la matinee. Ilis se produisaient a l'interieur et autour du domicile dans 56% des cas, a l'exterieur pendant les jeux des enfants dans 63% des cas et au cours de deplacements dans 11% des cas. Sur l'ensernble des traumatismes observes, 913 (56%) etaient lies a des chutes, 350 (22%) a des accidents de la circulation, 210 (13%) a des brulures, 66 (4%) a des empoisonnements et 20 (1%) a des << presque-noyades >> ou a des noyades. Les chutes impliquaient le plus souvent des escaliers ou des echelles et les accidents de la circulation des pietons, la majorite des brulures etaient dues a dos liquides chauds, les empoisonnements faisaient intervenir habituellement des medicaments et la plupart des noyades se produisaient au domicile. Le score de gravite moyen des traumatismes etait maximal pour les noyades et les presquenoyades (11), ce score etant suivi de pres par celui des accidents de la circulation (10). L'etude a recense 6 deces, dont 2 resultant d'une noyade, 2 d'une chute et 2 d'un accident de la circulation. Conclusion Les hopitaux des pays a faible revenu font face a une charge substantielle de traumatismes infantiles et une surveillance systematique est necessaire pour determiner la distribution epidemiologique de ces traumatismes et connaitre les facteurs de risque associes. La standardisation methodologique de la surveillance entre les pays permet de dresser des comparaisons internationales et d'identifier des problemes communs. Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia y naturaleza de las lesiones infantiles y explorar sus factores de riesgo en paises de bajos ingresos, utilizando para ello los datos de vigilancia de los departamentos de urgencias (DU). Metodos Este estudio piloto representa la fase inicial de un proyecto plurinacional de vigilancia mundial de las lesiones infantiles no intencionales y se baso en una muestra secuencial de menores de 11 anos, de ambos sexos, que se presentaron en 2007 en DU seleccionados de Bangladesh, Colombia, Egipto y Pakistan alo largo de un periodo de 3 a 4 meses, variable segun el centro. Resultados De 1559 ninos lesionados observados en todos los centros, 1010 (65%) eran varones; 941 (60%) tenian [mayor que o igual a] 5 anos, y 32 (2%) < 1 ano. Las lesiones fueron especialmente frecuentes (34%) por la manana. En el 56% de los casos se produjeron dentro de casa o en sus alrededores, en el 63% fuera, mientras jugaban, y en el 11% en viaje. De todas las lesiones observadas, 913 (56%) consistieron en caidas; 350 (22%) en lesiones causadas por el trafico; 210 (13%) en quemaduras; 66 (4%) en intoxicaciones, y 20 (1%) en ahogamiento o casi ahogamiento. Las caidas mas frecuentes se produjeron en escaleras; en el caso de las lesiones causadas por el trafico, la mayoria de las victimas fueron peatones; la mayoria de las quemaduras se produjeron con liquidos calientes; las intoxicaciones mas frecuentes se debieron a medicamentos, y la mayoria de los ahogamientos se produjeron en casa. Las lesiones con mayores puntuaciones de gravedad fueron los ahogamientos o casi ahogamientos (11), seguidos de cerca por las lesiones causadas por el trafico (10). Hubo 6 casos mortales: 2 por ahogamiento, 2 por caidas y 2 por lesiones causadas por et trafico. Conclusion Los hospitales de los paises de bajos ingresos tienen una carga considerable de lesiones infantiles. Es necesaria una vigilancia sistematica para identificar la distribudion epidemiologica de esas lesiones y comprender sus factores de riesgo. La normalizacion metodologica de la vigilancia en los diferentes paises permite establecer comparaciones internacionales e identificar problemas comunes.

Road traffic injuries are a leading public health problem, resulting in over 1.2 million deaths each year. (1) They affect all age groups but their impact is most striking among [...]

Injuries and violence are a significant cause of child death and physical and psychological disability. Every year injuries and violence kill approximately 950 000 children (aged less than 18 years) [...]

Injuries and violence are a significant and growing cause of child death and disability, as well as having other health consequences including mental health, behavioural and reproductive health problems. Every [...]

Road traffic crashes have been an increasing threat to the wellbeing of road users worldwide; an unacceptably high number of people die or become disabled from them. While high-income countries have successfully implemented effective interventions to help reduce the burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in their countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not yet achieved similar results. Both scientific research and capacity development have proven to be useful for preventing RTIs in high-income countries. In 1999, a group of leading researchers from different countries decided to join efforts to help promote research on RTIs and develop the capacity of professionals from LMICs. This translated into the creation of the Road Traffic Injuries Research Network (RTIRN) - a partnership of over 1,100 road safety professionals from 114 countries collaborating to facilitate reductions in the burden of RTIs in LMICs by identifying and promoting effective, evidenced-based interventions and supporting research capacity building in road safety research in LMICs. This article presents the work that RTIRN has done over more than a decade, including production of a dozen scientific papers, support of nearly 100 researchers, training of nearly 1,000 people and 35 scholarships granted to researchers from LMICs to attend world conferences, as well as lessons learnt and future challenges to maximize its work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing motorization leads to bleak projections for the future of road safety in many low- and middle-income countries. World Bank extrapolations suggest that between 2000 and 2020, road traffic deaths will decline by nearly 30% in high-income countries but will increase by upto 87% in low- and middle-income countries. The World report on road traffic injury prevention aims to raise awareness about the issue of road safety, and contribute to a shift in thinking about the nature of the problem of road traffic injury prevention, and appreciate the importance of road traffic injuries as a public health issue. South Asia currently faces an enormous challenge in this regard. However, Asian governments and stakeholders are now taking positive steps as they are aware that urgent action is needed. The responsibility for this problem needs to be shared among sectors, with public health taking an active role to end the carnage. The time for action is now. Partnerships and a systematic approach to this problem will save lives.