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1. Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

Author

Bergström, Anders, Stanton, David WG, Taron, Ulrike H, Frantz, Laurent, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Ersmark, Erik, Pfrengle, Saskia, Cassatt-Johnstone, Molly, Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Girdland-Flink, Linus, Fernandes, Daniel M, Ollivier, Morgane, Speidel, Leo, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Westbury, Michael V, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin, Feuerborn, Tatiana R, Reiter, Ella, Gretzinger, Joscha, Münzel, Susanne C, Swali, Pooja, Conard, Nicholas J, Carøe, Christian, Haile, James, Linderholm, Anna, Androsov, Semyon, Barnes, Ian, Baumann, Chris, Benecke, Norbert, Bocherens, Hervé, Brace, Selina, Carden, Ruth F, Drucker, Dorothée G, Fedorov, Sergey, Gasparik, Mihály, Germonpré, Mietje, Grigoriev, Semyon, Groves, Pam, Hertwig, Stefan T, Ivanova, Varvara V, Janssens, Luc, Jennings, Richard P, Kasparov, Aleksei K, Kirillova, Irina V, Kurmaniyazov, Islam, Kuzmin, Yaroslav V, Kosintsev, Pavel A, Lázničková-Galetová, Martina, Leduc, Charlotte, Nikolskiy, Pavel, Nussbaumer, Marc, O’Drisceoil, Cóilín, Orlando, Ludovic, Outram, Alan, Pavlova, Elena Y, Perri, Angela R, Pilot, Małgorzata, Pitulko, Vladimir V, Plotnikov, Valerii V, Protopopov, Albert V, Rehazek, André, Sablin, Mikhail, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Storå, Jan, Verjux, Christian, Zaibert, Victor F, Zazula, Grant, Crombé, Philippe, Hansen, Anders J, Willerslev, Eske, Leonard, Jennifer A, Götherström, Anders, Pinhasi, Ron, Schuenemann, Verena J, Hofreiter, Michael, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Shapiro, Beth, Larson, Greger, Krause, Johannes, Dalén, Love, and Skoglund, Pontus

Subjects
Africa, Animals, DNA, Ancient, Dogs, Domestication, Europe, Genome, Genomics, History, Ancient, Middle East, Mutation, North America, Phylogeny, Selection, Genetic, Siberia, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Wolves, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The grey wolf (Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage (Canis familiaris) lived1-8. Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000-30,000 years ago. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located.

Published
2022

2. The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

Author

Librado, Pablo, Khan, Naveed, Fages, Antoine, Kusliy, Mariya A, Suchan, Tomasz, Tonasso-Calvière, Laure, Schiavinato, Stéphanie, Alioglu, Duha, Fromentier, Aurore, Perdereau, Aude, Aury, Jean-Marc, Gaunitz, Charleen, Chauvey, Lorelei, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Der Sarkissian, Clio, Southon, John, Shapiro, Beth, Tishkin, Alexey A, Kovalev, Alexey A, Alquraishi, Saleh, Alfarhan, Ahmed H, Al-Rasheid, Khaled AS, Seregély, Timo, Klassen, Lutz, Iversen, Rune, Bignon-Lau, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Olive, Monique, Castel, Jean-Christophe, Boudadi-Maligne, Myriam, Alvarez, Nadir, Germonpré, Mietje, Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena, Wilczyński, Jarosław, Pospuła, Sylwia, Lasota-Kuś, Anna, Tunia, Krzysztof, Nowak, Marek, Rannamäe, Eve, Saarma, Urmas, Boeskorov, Gennady, Lōugas, Lembi, Kyselý, René, Peške, Lubomír, Bălășescu, Adrian, Dumitrașcu, Valentin, Dobrescu, Roxana, Gerber, Daniel, Kiss, Viktória, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Mende, Balázs G, Gallina, Zsolt, Somogyi, Krisztina, Kulcsár, Gabriella, Gál, Erika, Bendrey, Robin, Allentoft, Morten E, Sirbu, Ghenadie, Dergachev, Valentin, Shephard, Henry, Tomadini, Noémie, Grouard, Sandrine, Kasparov, Aleksei, Basilyan, Alexander E, Anisimov, Mikhail A, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Pavlova, Elena Y, Pitulko, Vladimir, Brem, Gottfried, Wallner, Barbara, Schwall, Christoph, Keller, Marcel, Kitagawa, Keiko, Bessudnov, Alexander N, Bessudnov, Alexander, Taylor, William, Magail, Jérome, Gantulga, Jamiyan-Ombo, Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav, Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav, Tabaldiev, Kubatbeek, Mijiddorj, Enkhbayar, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Tsagaan, Turbat, Pruvost, Mélanie, Olsen, Sandra, Makarewicz, Cheryl A, Valenzuela Lamas, Silvia, Albizuri Canadell, Silvia, Nieto Espinet, Ariadna, Iborra, Ma Pilar, Lira Garrido, Jaime, Rodríguez González, Esther, Celestino, Sebastián, Olària, Carmen, Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Kotova, Nadiia, Pryor, Alexander, Crabtree, Pam, and Zhumatayev, Rinat

Subjects
Animals, Archaeology, Asia, DNA, Ancient, Domestication, Europe, Genetics, Population, Genome, Grassland, Horses, Phylogeny, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare1. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling2-4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 BC3. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia5 and Anatolia6, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 BC, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association7 between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 BC8,9 driving the spread of Indo-European languages10. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium BC Sintashta culture11,12.

Published
2021

3. The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene

Author

Sikora, Martin, Pitulko, Vladimir V, Sousa, Vitor C, Allentoft, Morten E, Vinner, Lasse, Rasmussen, Simon, Margaryan, Ashot, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, de la Fuente, Constanza, Renaud, Gabriel, Yang, Melinda A, Fu, Qiaomei, Dupanloup, Isabelle, Giampoudakis, Konstantinos, Nogués-Bravo, David, Rahbek, Carsten, Kroonen, Guus, Peyrot, Michaël, McColl, Hugh, Vasilyev, Sergey V, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Gerasimova, Margarita, Pavlova, Elena Y, Chasnyk, Vyacheslav G, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Gromov, Andrei V, Khartanovich, Valeriy I, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Grebenyuk, Pavel S, Fedorchenko, Alexander Yu, Lebedintsev, Alexander I, Slobodin, Sergey B, Malyarchuk, Boris A, Martiniano, Rui, Meldgaard, Morten, Arppe, Laura, Palo, Jukka U, Sundell, Tarja, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Putkonen, Mikko, Alexandersen, Verner, Primeau, Charlotte, Baimukhanov, Nurbol, Malhi, Ripan S, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Kristiansen, Kristian, Wessman, Anna, Sajantila, Antti, Lahr, Marta Mirazon, Durbin, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Meltzer, David J, Excoffier, Laurent, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Asia, DNA, Ancient, Europe, Gene Pool, Genome, Human, Haplotypes, History, 15th Century, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Human Migration, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Siberia, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of 'Ancient North Siberians' who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to 'Ancient Palaeo-Siberians' who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name 'Neo-Siberians', and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas.

Published
2019

4. Ecological Constraints and Drivers for Human Dispersals and Adaptations in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Environments of the East Siberian Arctic.

Author

Pitulko, Vladimir V. and Pavlova, Elena Y.

Subjects
PLEISTOCENE-Holocene boundary, HUMAN settlements, TUNDRAS, EAST Asians, FOSSILS
Abstract

Starting roughly 50,000 years ago, the Arctic region of East Siberia remained continuously populated by groups of anatomically modern humans including the most uncomfortable episodes in the development of the late Quaternary environment; for some of them, human presence in the area became ephemeral. At present, archaeological fossil records allow for distinguishing three main stages in human occupation of the area: Early (~50 to ~29 ka, MIS 3), middle (~29 to ~11.7 ka, MIS 2), and late (from 11.7 to ~8 ka). For most of the time, they the populated open landscapes of the Mammoth Steppe, which declined at the onset of the Holocene. Human settlement of the Arctic was driven by various abiotic and biotic factors and thus archaeologically visible cardinal cultural and technological changes correspond to the most important paleoclimatic and habitat changes in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Successful peopling of the Arctic was largely facilitated by the adoption of critically important innovations such as sewing technology based on the use of the eyed bone needle and the manufacture of long shafts and pointed implements made of mammoth tusks. Mammoth exploitation is seen in mass accumulations of mammoths formed by hunting. An obvious connection between archaeological materials and such accumulations is observed in the archaeological record. In the lithic technology, the early stage is presented by archaic-looking flake industries. Starting the LGM, the wedge-core based-microblade technology known as the Beringian microblade tradition spread widely following the shrinkage of the mammoth range. At the late stage, starting at the Holocene boundary, microprismatic blade technology occurs. In all stages, the complex social behavior of the ancient Arctic settlers is revealed. The long-distance transport of products, knowledge, and genes occurs due to the introduction of the land transportation system. Initial human settlement of this region is associated with carriers of the West Eurasian genome who became replaced by the population with East Asian ancestry constantly moving North under the pressure of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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6. Genomes of Pleistocene Siberian Wolves Uncover Multiple Extinct Wolf Lineages

Author

Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Carøe, Christian, Mak, Sarah S.T., Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, José A., Fedorov, Sergey, Kandyba, Alexander, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Hervé, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A.F., Willerslev, Eske, Meldgaard, Morten, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., and Gopalakrishnan, Shyam

Published
2021
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7. Genomes of Extinct Pleistocene Siberian Wolves Provide Insights into the Origin of Present-Day Wolves

Author

Ramos Madrigal, Jazmín, Sinding, Mikkel Holger Strander, Carøe, Christian, Mak, Sarah S.T., Niemann, Jonas, Samaniengo Casruita, Jose A, Fedorov, Sergey, Kandyba, Alexander, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Herve, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A.F., Willerslev, Eske, Meldgaard, Morten, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., and Gopalakrishnan, Shyam

Abstract

Extant Canis lupus genetic diversity can be grouped into three phylogenetically distinct clades: Eurasian and American wolves and domestic dogs.1 Genetic studies have suggested these groups trace their origins to a wolf population that expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM)1, 2, 3 and replaced local wolf populations.4 Moreover, ancient genomes from the Yana basin and the Taimyr peninsula provided evidence of at least one extinct wolf lineage that dwelled in Siberia during the Pleistocene.35 Previous studies have suggested that Pleistocene Siberian canids can be classified into two groups based on cranial morphology. Wolves in the first group are most similar to present-day populations, although those in the second group possess intermediate features between dogs and wolves.67 However, whether this morphological classification represents distinct genetic groups remains unknown. To investigate this question and the relationships between Pleistocene canids, present-day wolves, and dogs, we resequenced the genomes of four Pleistocene canids from Northeast Siberia dated between >50 and 14 ka old, including samples from the two morphological categories. We found these specimens cluster with the two previously sequenced Pleistocene wolves, which are genetically more similar to Eurasian wolves. Our results show that, though the four specimens represent extinct wolf lineages, they do not form a monophyletic group. Instead, each Pleistocene Siberian canid branched off the lineage that gave rise to present-day wolves and dogs. Finally, our results suggest the two previously described morphological groups could represent independent lineages similarly related to present-day wolves and dogs.

Published
2021

8. Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene-Holocene transitiond

Author

Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin, de Manuel, Marc, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Kuderna, Lukas, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A. F., Vieira, Filipe G., Niemann, Jonas, Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego, Caroe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalen, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Oystein, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmin, de Manuel, Marc, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Kuderna, Lukas, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A. F., Vieira, Filipe G., Niemann, Jonas, Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego, Caroe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalen, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Oystein, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Hansen, Anders J., and Gilbert, M. Thomas P.

Abstract

Although sled dogs are one of the most specialized groups of dogs, their origin and evolution has received much less attention than many other dog groups. We applied a genomic approach to investigate their spatiotemporal emergence by sequencing the genomes of 10 modern Greenland sled dogs, an similar to 9500-year-old Siberian dog associated with archaeological evidence for sled technology, and an similar to 33,000-year-old Siberian wolf. We found noteworthy genetic similarity between the ancient dog and modern sled dogs. We detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs. The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Siberia, where sled dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.

Published
2020
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9. Ancient DNA suggests modern wolves trace their origin to a Late Pleistocene expansion from Beringia

Author

Loog, Liisa, Thalmann, Olaf, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Schuenemann, Verena J., Perri, Angela, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Hervé, Witt, Kelsey E., Samaniego Castruita, Jose A., Velasco, Marcela S., Lundstrøm, Inge K.C., Wales, Nathan, Sonet, Gontran, Frantz, Laurent, Schroeder, Hannes, Budd, Jane, Jimenez, Elodie Laure, Fedorov, Sergey, Gasparyan, Boris, Kandel, Andrew W., Lázničková-Galetová, Martina, Napierala, Hannes, Uerpmann, Hans Peter, Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Pavlova, Elena Y., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Malhi, Ripan S., Willerslev, Eske, Hansen, Anders J., Dobney, Keith, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Krause, Johannes, Larson, Greger, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Loog, Liisa, Thalmann, Olaf, Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Schuenemann, Verena J., Perri, Angela, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Hervé, Witt, Kelsey E., Samaniego Castruita, Jose A., Velasco, Marcela S., Lundstrøm, Inge K.C., Wales, Nathan, Sonet, Gontran, Frantz, Laurent, Schroeder, Hannes, Budd, Jane, Jimenez, Elodie Laure, Fedorov, Sergey, Gasparyan, Boris, Kandel, Andrew W., Lázničková-Galetová, Martina, Napierala, Hannes, Uerpmann, Hans Peter, Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Pavlova, Elena Y., Pitulko, Vladimir V., Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Malhi, Ripan S., Willerslev, Eske, Hansen, Anders J., Dobney, Keith, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Krause, Johannes, Larson, Greger, Eriksson, Anders, and Manica, Andrea

Abstract

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) are one of the few large terrestrial carnivores that have maintained a wide geographical distribution across the Northern Hemisphere throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. Recent genetic studies have suggested that, despite this continuous presence, major demographic changes occurred in wolf populations between the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene, and that extant wolves trace their ancestry to a single Late Pleistocene population. Both the geographical origin of this ancestral population and how it became widespread remain unknown. Here, we used a spatially and temporally explicit modelling framework to analyse a data set of 90 modern and 45 ancient mitochondrial wolf genomes from across the Northern Hemisphere, spanning the last 50,000 years. Our results suggest that contemporary wolf populations trace their ancestry to an expansion from Beringia at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, and that this process was most likely driven by Late Pleistocene ecological fluctuations that occurred across the Northern Hemisphere. This study provides direct ancient genetic evidence that long-range migration has played an important role in the population history of a large carnivore, and provides insight into how wolves survived the wave of megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last glaciation. Moreover, because Late Pleistocene grey wolves were the likely source from which all modern dogs trace their origins, the demographic history described in this study has fundamental implications for understanding the geographical origin of the dog.

Published
2020

10. Genomes of Pleistocene Siberian Wolves Uncover Multiple Extinct Wolf Lineages

Author

Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Carøe, Christian, Mak, Sarah S T, Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, José A, Fedorov, Sergey, Kandyba, Alexander, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Hervé, Feuerborn, Tatiana R, Pitulko, Vladimir V, Pavlova, Elena Y, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Kasparov, Aleksei K, Ivanova, Varvara V, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A F, Willerslev, Eske, Meldgaard, Morten, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Hansen, Anders J, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S, Carøe, Christian, Mak, Sarah S T, Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, José A, Fedorov, Sergey, Kandyba, Alexander, Germonpré, Mietje, Bocherens, Hervé, Feuerborn, Tatiana R, Pitulko, Vladimir V, Pavlova, Elena Y, Nikolskiy, Pavel A, Kasparov, Aleksei K, Ivanova, Varvara V, Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A F, Willerslev, Eske, Meldgaard, Morten, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Hansen, Anders J, Gilbert, M Thomas P, and Gopalakrishnan, Shyam

Abstract

Extant Canis lupus genetic diversity can be grouped into three phylogenetically distinct clades: Eurasian and American wolves and domestic dogs.1 Genetic studies have suggested these groups trace their origins to a wolf population that expanded during the last glacial maximum (LGM)1-3 and replaced local wolf populations.4 Moreover, ancient genomes from the Yana basin and the Taimyr peninsula provided evidence of at least one extinct wolf lineage that dwelled in Siberia during the Pleistocene.35 Previous studies have suggested that Pleistocene Siberian canids can be classified into two groups based on cranial morphology. Wolves in the first group are most similar to present-day populations, although those in the second group possess intermediate features between dogs and wolves.67 However, whether this morphological classification represents distinct genetic groups remains unknown. To investigate this question and the relationships between Pleistocene canids, present-day wolves, and dogs, we resequenced the genomes of four Pleistocene canids from Northeast Siberia dated between >50 and 14 ka old, including samples from the two morphological categories. We found these specimens cluster with the two previously sequenced Pleistocene wolves, which are genetically more similar to Eurasian wolves. Our results show that, though the four specimens represent extinct wolf lineages, they do not form a monophyletic group. Instead, each Pleistocene Siberian canid branched off the lineage that gave rise to present-day wolves and dogs. Finally, our results suggest the two previously described morphological groups could represent independent lineages similarly related to present-day wolves and dogs.

Published
2020

11. Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition

Author

Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, de Manuel, Marc, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Kuderna, Lukas, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A.F., Vieira, Filipe G., Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, Jose A., Carøe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalén, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Sinding, Mikkel Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, de Manuel, Marc, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Kuderna, Lukas, Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A.F., Vieira, Filipe G., Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, Jose A., Carøe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei K., Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalén, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Marques-Bonet, Tomas, Hansen, Anders J., and Gilbert, M. Thomas P.

Abstract

Although sled dogs are one of the most specialized groups of dogs, their origin and evolution has received much less attention than many other dog groups. We applied a genomic approach to investigate their spatiotemporal emergence by sequencing the genomes of 10 modern Greenland sled dogs, an ~9500-year-old Siberian dog associated with archaeological evidence for sled technology, and an ~33,000-year-old Siberian wolf. We found noteworthy genetic similarity between the ancient dog and modern sled dogs. We detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs. The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Siberia, where sled dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.

Published
2020

12. Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition

Author

Velux Foundation, European Commission, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Carlsberg Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Russian Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación la Caixa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, Manuel, Marc de, Pitulko, Vladimir, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A. F., Vieira, Filipe Garrett, Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, José Alfredo, Carøe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei, Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalén, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Hansen, Anders J., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Velux Foundation, European Commission, Independent Research Fund Denmark, Carlsberg Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Russian Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación la Caixa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín, Manuel, Marc de, Pitulko, Vladimir, Kuderna, Lukas F. K., Feuerborn, Tatiana R., Frantz, Laurent A. F., Vieira, Filipe Garrett, Niemann, Jonas, Samaniego Castruita, José Alfredo, Carøe, Christian, Andersen-Ranberg, Emilie U., Jordan, Peter D., Pavlova, Elena Y., Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Kasparov, Aleksei, Ivanova, Varvara V., Willerslev, Eske, Skoglund, Pontus, Fredholm, Merete, Wennerberg, Sanne Eline, Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter, Dietz, Rune, Sonne, Christian, Meldgaard, Morten, Dalén, Love, Larson, Greger, Petersen, Bent, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Bachmann, Lutz, Wiig, Øystein, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Hansen, Anders J., and Gilbert, M. Thomas P.

Abstract

Although sled dogs are one of the most specialized groups of dogs, their origin and evolution has received much less attention than many other dog groups. We applied a genomic approach to investigate their spatiotemporal emergence by sequencing the genomes of 10 modern Greenland sled dogs, an ~9500-year-old Siberian dog associated with archaeological evidence for sled technology, and an ~33,000-year-old Siberian wolf. We found noteworthy genetic similarity between the ancient dog and modern sled dogs. We detected gene flow from Pleistocene Siberian wolves, but not modern American wolves, to present-day sled dogs. The results indicate that the major ancestry of modern sled dogs traces back to Siberia, where sled dog-specific haplotypes of genes that potentially relate to Arctic adaptation were established by 9500 years ago.

Published
2020

13. The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas

Author

Leathlobhair, Maire Ni, Perri, Angela R., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Witt, Kelsey E., Linderholm, Anna, Haile, James, Lebrasseur, Ophelie, Ameen, Carly, Blick, Jeffrey, Boyko, Adam R., Brace, Selina, Cortes, Yahaira Nunes, Crockford, Susan J., Devault, Alison, Dimopoulos, Evangelos A., Eldridge, Morley, Enk, Jacob, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Gori, Kevin, Grimes, Vaughan, Guiry, Eric, Hansen, Anders Johannes, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Johnson, John, Kitchen, Andrew, Kasparov, Aleksei K., Kwon, Young-Mi, Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Lope, Carlos Peraza, Manin, Aurélie, Martin, Terrance, Meyer, Michael, Myers, Kelsey Noack, Omura, Mark, Rouillard, Jean-Marie, Pavlova, Elena Y., Sciulli, Paul, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Strakova, Andrea, Ivanova, Varvara V., Widga, Christopher, Willerslev, Eske, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Barnes, Ian, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Dobney, Keith M., Malhi, Ripan S., Murchison, Elizabeth P., Larson, Greger, Frantz, Laurent A. F., Leathlobhair, Maire Ni, Perri, Angela R., Irving-Pease, Evan K., Witt, Kelsey E., Linderholm, Anna, Haile, James, Lebrasseur, Ophelie, Ameen, Carly, Blick, Jeffrey, Boyko, Adam R., Brace, Selina, Cortes, Yahaira Nunes, Crockford, Susan J., Devault, Alison, Dimopoulos, Evangelos A., Eldridge, Morley, Enk, Jacob, Gopalakrishnan, Shyam, Gori, Kevin, Grimes, Vaughan, Guiry, Eric, Hansen, Anders Johannes, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Johnson, John, Kitchen, Andrew, Kasparov, Aleksei K., Kwon, Young-Mi, Nikolskiy, Pavel A., Lope, Carlos Peraza, Manin, Aurélie, Martin, Terrance, Meyer, Michael, Myers, Kelsey Noack, Omura, Mark, Rouillard, Jean-Marie, Pavlova, Elena Y., Sciulli, Paul, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S., Strakova, Andrea, Ivanova, Varvara V., Widga, Christopher, Willerslev, Eske, Pitulko, Vladimir V., Barnes, Ian, Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Dobney, Keith M., Malhi, Ripan S., Murchison, Elizabeth P., Larson, Greger, and Frantz, Laurent A. F.

Published
2018

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