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1,134 results on '"Patrick, David"'

1. Using a targeted metabolomics approach to explore differences in ARDS associated with COVID-19 compared to ARDS caused by H1N1 influenza and bacterial pneumonia

Author

Lee, Chel Hee, Banoei, Mohammad M., Ansari, Mariam, Cheng, Matthew P., Lamontagne, Francois, Griesdale, Donald, Lasry, David E., Demir, Koray, Dhingra, Vinay, Tran, Karen C., Lee, Terry, Burns, Kevin, Sweet, David, Marshall, John, Slutsky, Arthur, Murthy, Srinivas, Singer, Joel, Patrick, David M., Lee, Todd C., Boyd, John H., Walley, Keith R., Fowler, Robert, Haljan, Greg, Vinh, Donald C., Mcgeer, Alison, Maslove, David, Mann, Puneet, Donohoe, Kathryn, Hernandez, Geraldine, Rocheleau, Genevieve, Trahtemberg, Uriel, Kumar, Anand, Lou, Ma, dos Santos, Claudia, Baker, Andrew, Russell, James A., and Winston, Brent W.

Published
2024
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3. Posttranslationally modified self-peptides promote hypertension in mouse models

Author

Bloodworth, Nathaniel, Chen, Wei, Hunter, Kuniko, Patrick, David, Palubinsky, Amy, Phillips, Elizabeth, Roeth, Daniel, Kalkum, Markus, Mallal, Simon, Davies, Sean, Ao, Mingfang, Moretti, Rocco, Meiler, Jens, and Harrison, David G.

Subjects
Major histocompatibility complex -- Health aspects, Peptides -- Health aspects, Hypertension -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment
Abstract

Posttranslational modifications can enhance immunogenicity of self-proteins. In several conditions, including hypertension, systemic lupus erythematosus, and heart failure, isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are formed by lipid peroxidation and covalently bond with protein lysine residues. Here, we show that the murine class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) variant [H-2D.sup.b] uniquely presents isoLG-modified peptides and developed a computational pipeline that identifies structural features for MHC-I accommodation of such peptides. We identified isoLG-adducted peptides from renal proteins, including sodium glucose transporter 2, cadherin 16, Kelch domain-containing protein 7A, and solute carrier family 23, that are recognized by [CD8.sup.+] T cells in tissues of hypertensive mice, induce T cell proliferation in vitro, and prime hypertension after adoptive transfer. Finally, we find patterns of isoLG-adducted antigen restriction in class I human leukocyte antigens that are similar to those in murine analogs. Thus, we have used a combined computational and experimental approach to define likely antigenic peptides in hypertension., Introduction Accumulating evidence from the last several decades implicates inflammation and immune activation in the genesis of hypertension and its sequelae (1). Both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute [...]

Published
2024
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4. An integrative taxonomic revision of the Trimeresurus popeiorum group of pitvipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot

Author

Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Tan Van Nguyen, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Lawan Chanhome, Zeeshan A. Mirza, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel, and Nikolay A. Poyarkov

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Abstract Despite recent progress in our understanding of diversity within the genus Trimeresurus Lacépède, 1804, the subgenus Popeia Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004, distributed across most parts of East and Southeast Asia, remains taxonomically challenging. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach including analyses of morphological data and four mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S rRNA, cytochrome b, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4), along with examination of available type material, to address longstanding taxonomic questions in one clade within Popeia, the T. popeiorum group, and reveal a high level of hidden diversity of these snakes in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. We confirm that T. popeiorum Smith, 1937 sensu stricto is restricted to Northeast India, eastern Nepal, southern Bhutan, southeastern Bangladesh, western Yunnan Province (China), and northern and southwestern Myanmar. We further confirm that the recently described species T. yingjiangensis Chen et al., 2019 is a junior synonym of T. popeiorum. In addition, we discovered that the combination Trimesurus [sic] elegans Gray, 1853 is a valid senior synonym of T. popeiorum and threatens the stability of the latter taxon. Therefore, in order to protect the nomen popeiorum and in accordance with Article 23.9 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, we regard the taxon Trimesurus elegans as a nomen oblitum and render Trimeresurus popeiorum a nomen protectum. Examination of a larger series of specimens allows us to describe two new cryptic species of Trimeresurus from the Indo-Burma Region. This study brings the total number of species in the subgenus Popeia to six and also suggests that the subspecific taxonomy of the T. sabahi complex requires further investigation. We urge adequate actions regarding the conservation of the newly discovered species and recommend further studies on their toxicology.

Published
2024
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5. DC ENaC-Dependent Inflammasome Activation Contributes to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Author

Pitzer, Ashley, Elijovich, Fernando, Laffer, Cheryl L, Ertuglu, Lale A, Sahinoz, Melis, Saleem, Mohammad, Krishnan, Jaya, Dola, Thanvi, Aden, Luul A, Sheng, Quanhu, Raddatz, Michael A, Wanjalla, Celestine, Pakala, Suman, Davies, Sean S, Patrick, David M, Kon, Valentina, Ikizler, T Alp, Kleyman, Thomas, and Kirabo, Annet

Subjects
Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Cardiovascular, Women's Health, Kidney Disease, Hypertension, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Epithelial Sodium Channels, Epitopes, Humans, Inflammasomes, Interleukin-1beta, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Sodium, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Dietary, blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, deoxycorticosterone acetate, inflammasome, isolevuglandins, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundSalt sensitivity of blood pressure is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanism by which salt intake increases blood pressure and cardiovascular risk is unknown. We previously found that sodium entry into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel EnaC (epithelial sodium channel) leads to the formation of IsoLGs (isolevuglandins) and release of proinflammatory cytokines to activate T cells and modulate salt-sensitive hypertension. In the current study, we hypothesized that ENaC-dependent entry of sodium into APCs activates the NLRP3 (NOD [nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain]-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome via IsoLG formation leading to salt-sensitive hypertension.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing on human monocytes treated with elevated sodium in vitro and Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from participants rigorously phenotyped for salt sensitivity of blood pressure using an established inpatient protocol. To determine mechanisms, we analyzed inflammasome activation in mouse models of deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-induced hypertension as well as salt-sensitive mice with ENaC inhibition or expression, IsoLG scavenging, and adoptive transfer of wild-type dendritic cells into NLRP3 deficient mice.ResultsWe found that high levels of salt exposure upregulates the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptotic and apoptotic caspases, and IL (interleukin)-1β transcription in human monocytes. Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing revealed that components of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation marker IL-1β dynamically vary with changes in salt loading/depletion. Mechanistically, we found that sodium-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is ENaC and IsoLG dependent. NLRP3 deficient mice develop a blunted hypertensive response to elevated sodium, and this is restored by the adoptive transfer of NLRP3 replete APCs.ConclusionsThese findings reveal a mechanistic link between ENaC, inflammation, and salt-sensitive hypertension involving NLRP3 inflammasome activation in APCs. APC activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome can serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for salt sensitivity of blood pressure.

Published
2022

6. Another new species of karst-associated pitviper (Serpentes, Viperidae: Trimeresurus) from the Isthmus of Kra, Peninsular Thailand

Author

Sabira S. Idiiatullina, Parinya Pawangkhanant, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom, Tanapong Tawan, Lawan Chanhome, Tan Van Nguyen, Patrick David, Gernot Vogel, and Nikolay A. Poyarkov

Subjects
Crotalinae, T. kanburiensis complex, Peninsular Thailand, karst, taxonomy, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

We describe a new species of karst-dwelling pitviper from Chumphon Province of Peninsular Thailand, in the Isthmus of Kra, based on morphological and molecular data (2427 bp from cyt b, ND4 and 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA genes). Morphologically, Trimeresurus kraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: a dark/bottle-green dorsum with reddish-brown or purple crossbands; pale green venter lacking dark dots; stripes present on the lateral sides of the ventrals; internasals generally in contact; one large supraocular scale on each side of the head; iris pale copper; tail brown with dark purplish-brown crossbars; dorsal scales in 21–21–15 rows; ventral scales 167 in a single male, 169–171 in females; subcaudal scales 62 in a single male, 52–54 in females, all paired. White vertebral spots present in males, located on approximately every two or four dorsal scales; dark brown spots forming discontinuous pattern present on 1–3 lateral dorsal scale rows; males with reddish-brown postocular stripe with jagged edges. The new species differs from the morphologically similar species Trimeresurus venustus s. str. by a notable divergence in cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene sequences (p = 5.9%).

Published
2024
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7. SAD: Saliency-based Defenses Against Adversarial Examples

Author

Tran, Richard, Patrick, David, Geyer, Michael, and Fernandez, Amanda

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

With the rise in popularity of machine and deep learning models, there is an increased focus on their vulnerability to malicious inputs. These adversarial examples drift model predictions away from the original intent of the network and are a growing concern in practical security. In order to combat these attacks, neural networks can leverage traditional image processing approaches or state-of-the-art defensive models to reduce perturbations in the data. Defensive approaches that take a global approach to noise reduction are effective against adversarial attacks, however their lossy approach often distorts important data within the image. In this work, we propose a visual saliency based approach to cleaning data affected by an adversarial attack. Our model leverages the salient regions of an adversarial image in order to provide a targeted countermeasure while comparatively reducing loss within the cleaned images. We measure the accuracy of our model by evaluating the effectiveness of state-of-the-art saliency methods prior to attack, under attack, and after application of cleaning methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in comparison with related defenses and against established adversarial attack methods, across two saliency datasets. Our targeted approach shows significant improvements in a range of standard statistical and distance saliency metrics, in comparison with both traditional and state-of-the-art approaches., Comment: 9 pages

Published
2020

9. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author

Adams, Atoya, Miller, Eric, Rankin, Bruce G., Shinn, Steven, Nash, Marshall, Green, Sinikka L., Jacobsen, Colleen, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, Glover, Richard M., II, Slechta, Stacy, Holdeman, Troy, Hartvickson, Robyn, Grant, Amber, Poling, Terry L., Klein, Terry D., Klein, Thomas C., Klein, Tracy R., Smith, William B., Gibson, Richard L., Winbigler, Jennifer, Parker, Elizabeth, Wijewardane, Priyantha N., Bravo, Eric, Thessing, Jeffrey, Maxwell, Michelle, Horn, Amanda, Healy, Catherine Mary, Akamine, Christine, Chu, Laurence, Chouteau, R. Michelle, Cotugno, Michael J., Bauer, George H., Jr., Hachigian, Greg, Oshita, Masaru, Cancilla, Michael, Kiersey, Kristen, Seger, William, Antwi, Mohammed, Green, Allison, Kim, Anthony, Desjardins, Michael, Johnson, Jennifer A., Sherman, Amy, Walsh, Stephen R., Borger, Judith, Saleem, Nafisa, Solis, Joel, Medina, Martha Carmen, Keating, Westly, Garcia, Edgar, Bueno, Cynthia, Segall, Nathan, Denham, Douglas S., Weiss, Thomas, Avworo, Ayoade, Hedges, Parke, Strout, Cynthia Becher, Santiago, Rica, Davis, Yvonne, Howenstine, Patty, Bondell, Alison, Marks, Kristin, Wang, Tina, Wilkin, Timothy, Vogler, Mary, Johnston, Carrie, Andrasik, Michele P., Andriesen, Jessica G., Broder, Gail, Eaton, Niles, Gelderblom, Huub G., McClennen, Rachael, Michael, Nelson, Robb, Merlin, Sopher, Carrie, Miller, Vicki E., Santiago, Fredric, Gomez, Blanca, Valika, Insiya, Starr, Amy, Cantos, Valeria D., Kandiah, Sheetal, Rio, Carlos del, Rouphael, Nadine, Edupuganti, Srilatha, Anderson, Evan J., Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres, Kamidani, Satoshi, Teherani, Meghan, Diemert, David J., Malkin, Elissa, Siegel, Marc, Roberts, Afsoon, Simon, Gary, Balani, Bindu, Stephenson, Carolene, Sperber, Steven, Cicogna, Cristina, Zervos, Marcus J., Kilgore, Paul, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Zenlea, Kate, Burgher, Abram, Milliken, Ann M., Davis, Joseph D., Levy, Brendan, Kelman, Sandra, Doust, Matthew W., Sample, Denise, Erickson, Sandra, Christensen, Shane G., Matich, Christopher, Longe, James, Witbeck, John, Peterson, James T., Clark, Alexander, Kelty, Gerald, Pena-Renteria, Issac, Koren, Michael J., Bartilucci, Darlene, Patel, Alpa, Tran, Carolyn, Kennelly, Christina, Brownlee, Robert, Coleman, Jacob, Webster, Hala, Fierro, Carlos A., Leistner, Natalia, Thompson, Amy, Gonzalez, Celia, Jackson, Lisa A., Suyehira, Janice, Haber, Milton, Regalado, Maria M., Procasky, Veronica, Lutat, Alisha, Griffin, Carl P., Hollister, Ripley R., Brown, Jeremy, Ronk, Melody, Harper, Wayne L., Cohen, Lisa, Eckert, Lynn, Hong, Matthew, Rouhbakhsh, Rambod, Danford, Elizabeth, Johnson, John, Calderone, Richard, Khetan, Shishir K., Olanrewaju, Oyebisi, Zhai, Nan, Nieves, Kimberly, O'Brien, Allison, Bradley, Paul S., Lilienthal, Amanda, Callis, Jim, Brosz, Adam B., Clement, Andrea, West, Whitney, Friesen, Luke, Cramer, Paul, Eder, Frank S., Little, Ryan, Engler, Victoria, Rattenbury-Shaw, Heather, Ensz, David J., Oplinger, Allie, Essink, Brandon J., Meyer, Jay, Raiser, Frederick, III, Mueller, Kimberly, Vrbicky, Keith W., Harper, Charles, Nutsch, Chelsie, Lewis, Wendell, III, Laflan, Cathy, Whatley, Jordan L., Harrell, Nicole, Shannon, Amie, Rowell, Crystal, Dedon, Christopher, Makhene, Mamodikoe, Gottschlich, Gregory M., Harden, Kate, Gottschlich, Melissa, Smith, Mary, Powell, Richard, Kimmel, Murray A., Pinto, Simmy, Vachris, Timothy P., Hutchens, Mark, Daniels, Stephen, Wells, Margaret, Van Der Leden, Mimi, Jackson-Booth, Peta-Gay, Baron, Mira, Kane, Pamela, Seversen, Shannen, Kryvicky, Mara, Lord, Julia, Saleh, Jamshid, Miles, Matthew, Lupercio, Rafael, McGettigan, John W., Jr., Patton, Walter, Brakema, Riemke, Choquette, Karin, McGettigan, Jonlyn, Kirstein, Judith L., Bernard, Marcia, Manning, Mary Beth, Rothenberg, Joan, Briskin, Toby, Roadman, Denise, Tedder-Edwards, Sharita, Schwartz, Howard I., Mederos, Surisday, Swaminathan, Shobha, Nyaku, Amesika, Varughese, Tilly, DallaPiazza, Michelle, Frey, Sharon E., Graham, Irene, Abate, Getahun, Hoft, Daniel, Allen, Leland N., III, Edwards, Leslie A., Davis, William S., Jr., Mena, Jessica M., Kutner, Mark E., Caso, Jorge, Moran, Maria Hernandez, Carvajal, Marianela, Mendez, Janet, Wadsworth, Larkin T., III, Adams, Michael R., Iverson, Leslie, Newberg, Joseph L., Pearlman, Laura, Nugent, Paul J., Reynolds, Michele D., Bashour, Jennifer, Schmidt, Robert, Sheth, Neil P., Steil, Kenneth, Toma, Ramy J., Kirby, William, Folmar, Pink, Williams, Samantha, Pickrell, Paul, Mott, Stefanie, Linebarger, Carol Ann, Malbari, Hussain, Pampe, David, Fragoso, Veronica G., Holloway, Lisa, McKeown-Bragas, Cecilia, Becker, Teresa, Williams, Barton G., Jones, William H., Clark, Jesse L., Shoptaw, Steven, Vertucci, Michele, Hernandez, Will, Spector, Stephen A., Moodley, Amaran, Blumenthal, Jill, Stangl, Lisa, Deutsch, Karen, Mullane, Kathleen M., Pitrak, David, Nuss, Cheryl, Pi, Judy, Fichtenbaum, Carl, Powers-Fletcher, Margaret, Saemann, Michelle, Kohrs, Sharon, Campbell, Thomas B., Lauria, Andrew, Mancilla, Jose C., Dunlevy, Hillary, Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Borgetti, Scott, Ladner, Ben, Chrisley, Lisa, Young, Cheryl, Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, Alcaide, Maria L., Gonzales-Zamora, Jose, Morris, Stephen, Wohl, David, Eron, Joseph, Jr., Frank, Ian, Dunbar, Debora, Metzger, David, Momplaisir, Florence, Martin, Judith, Hoberman, Alejandro, Shope, Timothy, Muniz, Gysella, Rupp, Richard, Stanford, Amber, Berman, Megan, Porterfield, Laura, Lewis, Michael, Ghadishah, Elham, Yusin, Joseph, Pham, Mai, Creech, Clarence B., II, Walker, Shannon, Rolsma, Stephanie, Samuels, Robert, Thomsen, Isaac, Kalams, Spyros A., Wilson, Greg, Lucksinger, Gregg H., Parks, Kevin, Israelsen, Ryan, Ostovar, Jaleh, Kelly, Kary, Overcash, Jeffrey S., Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, De La Cruz, Luis I., Clemons, Steve, Everette, Elizabeth, Studdard, Suzanna, Mohan, Gowdhami, Tyson, Stefanie, Peay, Alyssa-Kay, Johnson, Danyel, Feldman, Gregory J., Suen, May-Yin, Muenzner, Jacqueline, Boscia, Joseph, Siddiqui, Farhan, Sanders, John, Peacock, James, Nasim, Julio, Levin, Michael L., Hussey, Julie, Kulic, Marcy, McKenzie, Mark M., Deese, Teresa, Osmundsen, Erica, Sweet, Christy, Ebuh, Valentine M., Elnagar, Elwaleed, Ebuh, Georgette, Iwuala, Genevieve, Han-Conrad, Laurie J., Simmons, Todd, Tarakjian, Denis, Ackermann, Jeremy, Adams, Mark S., Alemán, José O., Al-Ibrahim, Mohamed S., Andes, David R., Andrews, Jeb, Arduino, Roberto C., Bäcker, Martín, Badillo, Diana, Bainbridge, Emma, Batteiger, Teresa A., Bazan, Jose A., Bedimo, Roger J., Benitez, Jorge A., Bennett, Annette R., Bernstein, David I., Bialobok, Kristin, Boas, Rebecca, Brady, Judith, Brown, Cynthia, Bunce, Catherine A., Call, Robert S., Campbell, Wesley, Carmody, Ellie, Carpenter, Christopher, Carsons, Steven E., Castellon, Marvin, Castro, Mario, Catan, Hannah, Chang, Jennifer, Chebib, Mouna G., Chen, Corey M., Cheng, Margaret, Chow, Brian D.W., Ciambruschini, Annie, Connor, Joseph P., Conway, James H., Cooney, Maureen, Curlin, Marcel, De La Matta Rodriguez, Claudia, Dedon, Jon F., Degan, Emily, Dickey, Michelle, Dietz, Craig, Dong, Jennifer L., Dorcely, Brenda, Dube, Michael P., Dyer, Carmel B., Eckhardt, Benjamin, Ellerbeck, Edward, Ewers, Evan C., Falk, Amy, Feijoo, Brittany, Felsen, Uriel R., Fiel, Tom, Fitz-Patrick, David, Fogarty, Charles M., Ford, Stacy, Forero, Lina M., Formentini, Elizabeth, Franco-Vitteri, Doris, Frenck, Robert W., Jr., Gharib, Elie, Gharib, Suzanne, Rucker, Rola G., Goldenberg, James N., González, Luis H., Gray, Brett, Greene, Rusty, Grossberg, Robert M., Guanira-Carranza, Juan V., Guerreros Benavides, Alfredo Gilberto, Guillory, Clint C., Gunaratne, Shauna H., Halpert, David, Hamilton, Holli, Hartman, William R., Henderson, Sheryl L., Herati, Ramin, Guarin, Laura Hernandez, Hilder, Robin, Ho, Ken, Hojat, Leila, Hosek, Sybil G., Jacobson, Jeffrey M., Jay, Melanie, Johnson, Diane H., Jones, Kathleen S., Jones-López, Edward C., Justman, Jessica E., Kahney, Scott, Katz, Lois, Katz, Melinda, Kaul, Daniel, Keefer, Michael C., Kennedy, Ashley, Knishinsky, Jennifer, Kogelman, Laura, Koletar, Susan L., Kottkamp, Angelica, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, Landovitz, Raphael J., Lee, Jessica L., Liu, Albert, Llerena Zegarra, Eneyda Giuvanela, Lok, Anna S., Lovell, James, Lubelchek, Ronald, Lucaj, John, Luckasen, Gary, Luetkemeyer, Annie, Lugogo, Njira Lucia, Maenza, Janine, Malvestutto, Carlos, Mauri, Monica, Maves, Ryan C., Mayer, Kenneth H., McCartney, Michael J., McCort, Margaret E., McElrath, M. Juliana, McNairy, Meredith, Merino, Fernando L., Meyerowitz, Eric A., Mitchell, Carol L., Monaco, Cynthia L., Muhammad, Sauda, Muñoz-Gómez, Sigridh, Munsiff, Sonal, Nee, Paul, Nollen, Nicole L., Noor, Asif, Lagos, Claudio Nuñez, Okulicz, Jason F., Oliver, Patrick A., Ortega, Jessica, Palmer, Steven, Parameswaran, Lalitha, Parikh, Purvi, Parker, Susan, Parungao, Reza, Pavie, Juana R., Madan, Rebecca P., Peralta, Henry, Petts, Jennifer, Pierce, Kristen K., Pretell Alva, E. Javier, Purpura, Lawrence J., Raabe, Vanessa, Recuenco, Sergio E., Richards, Tamara, Riddler, Sharon A., Rizzardi, Barbara, Rokser, Rachel, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, Rosen, Adam, Rosen, Jeffrey, Freese, Lena R., Santolaya, María E., Schipani, Linda M., Schwartz, Adam, Schwasinger-Schmidt, Tiffany, Scott, Hyman, Sha, Beverly E., Shankaran, Shivanjali, Shapiro, Adrienne E., Sharp, Stephan C., Shopsin, Bo, Sims, Matthew D., Skipper, Stephanie, Smith, Derek M., Smith, Michael J., Sobhanie, M. Mahdee, Sovic, Brit, Sterling, Stephanie, Striker, Robert, Tafur Bances, Karla Beatriz, Talaat, Kawsar R., Tavel, Edward M., Jr., Tieu, Hong V., Tomaszewski, Christian, Tomlinson, Ryan, Torres, Juan P., Torres, Julian A., Treanor, John J., Tukuru, Sade, Ulrich, Robert J., Utz, Gregory C., Viar, Veronica, Viau Colindres, Roberto A., Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Mary C., Walter, Emmanuel B., Weidler, Jessica L., Wu, Yi H., Yang, Kinara S., Yrivarren Giorza, Juan Luis, Zemanek, Arthur L., Zhang, Kevin, Zingman, Barry S., Gorman, Richard, Paez, Carmen A., Swann, Edith, Takuva, Simbarashe G., Greninger, Alex, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, Coombs, Robert W., Jerome, Keith R., Castellino, Flora, Tong, Xiaomi, Pavetto, Corrina, Gipson, Teletha, Tong, Tina, Lee, Marina, Zhou, James, Fay, Michael, McQuarrie, Kelly, Nnadi, Chimeremma, Sogbetun, Obiageli, Ahmad, Nina, De Proost, Ian, Hoseyni, Cyrus, Coplan, Paul, Khan, Najat, Ronco, Peter, Furey, Dawn, Meck, Jodi, Vingerhoets, Johan, Brandenburg, Boerries, Custers, Jerome, Hendriks, Jenny, Juraszek, Jarek, Marit de Groot, Anne, Van Roey, Griet, Heerwegh, Dirk, Van Dromme, Ilse, Méndez Galván, Jorge F., Carrascal, Monica B., Duran, Adriana Sordo, Sanchez Guerrero, Laura Ruy, Gómora Madrid, Martha Cecilia, Barrat Hernández, Alejandro Quintín, Guizar, Sharzhaad Molina, González Estrada, Denisse Alejandra, Martínez Pérez, Silvano Omar, Zárate Hinojosa, Zindy Yazmín, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo Miguel, Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio, Pacheco-Flores, Janeth, Lara, Anyela, Díaz-Miralrio, Secia, Reyes Fentanes, María José, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn Zuleica, Méndez, Daniela Pineda, Martínez, Karina Cano, Alvarez León, Winniberg Stephany, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, Ortega Domínguez, Sandra Janeth, Chacón, Jorge A., Rivera, Juan J., Cutz, Erika A., Ortegón, Maricruz E., Rivera, María I., Browder, David, Burch, Cortney, Moye, Terri, Bondy, Paul, Browder, Lesley, Manning, Rickey D., Hurst, James W., Sturgeon, Rodney E., Wakefield, Paul H., Kirby, John A., Andersen, James, Fearon, Szheckera, Negron, Rosa, Medina, Amy, Hill, John M., Rajasekhar, Vivek, Williams, Hayes, Cade, LaShondra, Fouts, Rhodna, Moya, Connie, Anderson, Corey G., Devine, Naomi, Ramsey, James, Perez, Ashley, Tatelbaum, David, Jacobs, Michael, Menasche, Kathleen, Mirkil, Vincent, Winkle, Peter J., Haggag, Amina Z., Haynes, Michelle, Villegas, Marysol, Raja, Sabina, Riesenberg, Robert, Plavin, Stanford, Lerman, Mark, Woodside, Leana, Johnson, Maria, Healy, C. Mary, Whitaker, Jennifer A., Keitel, Wendy A., Atmar, Robert L., Horwith, Gary, Mason, Robin, Johnson, Lisa, Dora, Tambra, Murray, Deborah, Ledbetter, Logan, Ewing, Beverly, Stephenson, Kathryn E., Tan, Chen S., Zash, Rebecca, Ansel, Jessica L., Jaegle, Kate, Guiney, Caitlin J., Henderson, Jeffrey A., O'Leary, Marcia, Enright, Kendra, Kessler, Jill, Ducheneaux, Pete, Inniss, Asha, Brandon, Donald M., Davis, William B., Lawler, Daniel T., Oppong, Yaa D., Starr, Ryan P., Syndergaard, Scott N., Shelly, Rozeli, Majumder, Mashrur Islam, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Sr., Rijos, Dolores, Shelton, Sandra, Hong, Stephan, Schwartz, Howard, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia, Schwartz, Jennifer, Piedra, Terry, Corral, Barbara, Medina, Carmen, Dever, Michael E., Shah, Mitul, Delgado, Michael, Scott, Tameika, Usdan, Lisa S., McGill, Lora J., Arnold, Valerie K., Scatamacchia, Carolyn, Anthony, Codi M., Merchant, Rajan, Yoon, Anelgine C., Hill, Janet, Ng-Price, Lucy, Thompson-Seim, Teri, Ackerman, Ronald, Ackerman, Jamie, Aristy, Florida, Ketter, Nzeera, Finley, Jon, Stull, Mildred, Murray, Monica, Rizvi, Zainab, Guerrero, Sonia, Paliwal, Yogesh K., Paliwal, Amit, Gordon, Sarah, Gordon, Bryan, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, Galloway, Christopher, Montros, Candice, Aleman, Lily, Shairi, Samira, Van Ever, Wesley, Freeman, George H., Harmon, Esther L., Cross, Marshall A., Sales, Kacie, Gular, Catherine Q., Hepburn, Matthew, Alderson, Nathan, Harshell, Shana, Mahgoub, Siham, Maxwell, Celia, Mellman, Thomas, Thompson, Karl M., Wortman, Glenn, Kingsley, Jeff, Pixler, April, Curry, LaKondria, Afework, Sarah, Swanson, Austin, Jacqmein, Jeffry, Bowers, Maggie, Robison, Dawn, Mosteller, Victoria, Garvey, Janet, Easley, Mary, Kurnat, Rebecca J., Cornelison, Raymond, Gower, Shanda, Schnitz, William, Heinzig-Cartwright, Destiny S., Lewis, Derek, Newton, Fred E., Duhart, Aeiress, Watkins, Breanz, Ball, Brandy, York, Jill, Pickle, Shelby, Musante, David B., Silver, William P., Belhorn, Linda R., Viens, Nicholas A., Dellaero, David, Patel, Priti, Lisec, Kendra, Safirstein, Beth, Zapata, Luz, Gonzalez, Lazaro, Quevedo, Evelyn, Irani, Farah, Grillo, Joseph, Potts, Amy, White, Julie, Flume, Patrick, Headden, Gary, Taylor, Brandie, Warden, Ashley, Chamberlain, Amy, Jeanfreau, Robert, Jeanfreau, Susan, Matherne, Paul G., Caldwell, Amy, Stahl, Jessica, Vowell, Mandy, Newhouse, Lauren, Berthaud, Vladimir, Takizala, Zudi-Mwak, Beninati, Genevieve, Snell, Kimberly, Baker, Sherrie, Walker, James, Harrison, Tavane, Miller, Meagan, Otto, Janet, Gray, Roni, Wilson, Christine, Nemecek, Tiffany, Harrington, Hannah, Eppenbach, Sally, Lewis, Wendell, Bourgeois, Tana, Folsom, Lyndsea, Holt, Gregory, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, Calderon, Rafael, Lichtenberger, Paola, Quintero, Jalima, Martinez, Becky, Immergluck, Lilly, Johnson, Erica, Chan, Austin, Fas, Norberto, Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia, Khizer, Saadia, Staben, Jonathan, Beresnev, Tatiana, Jahromi, Maryam, Marovich, Mary A., Hutter, Julia, Nason, Martha, Ledgerwood, Julie, Mascola, John, Leibowitz, Mark, Morales, Fernanda, Delgado, Mike, Sanchez, Rosario, Vega, Norma, Áñez, Germán, Albert, Gary, Coston, Erin, Desai, Chinar, Dunbar, Haoua, Eickhoff, Mark, Garcia, Jenina, Kautz, Margaret, Lee, Angela, Lewis, Maggie, McGarry, Alice, McKnight, Irene, Nelson, Joy, Newingham, Patrick, Price-Abbott, Patty, Reed, Patty, Vegas, Diana, Wilkinson, Bethanie, Smith, Katherine, Woo, Wayne, Cho, Iksung, Glenn, Gregory M., Dubovsky, Filip, Fried, David L., Haughey, Lynne A., Stanton, Ariana C., Rameaka, Lisa Stevens, Rosenberg, David, Tomatsu, Lee, Gonzalez, Viviana, Manalo, Millie, Grunstra, Bernard, Quinn, Donald, Claybrook, Phillip, Olds, Shelby, Dye, Amy, Cannon, Kevin D., Chadwick, Mesha M., Jordan, Bailey, Hussey, Morgan, Nevarez, Hannah, Kelley, Colleen F., Chung, Michael, Moran, Caitlin, Rebolledo, Paulina, Bacher, Christina, Barranco-Santana, Elizabeth, Rodriguez, Jessica, Mendoza, Rafael, Ruperto, Karen, Olivieri, Odette, Ocaña, Enrique, Wylie, Paul E., Henderson, Renea, Jenson, Natasa, Yang, Fan, Kelley, Amy, Finkelstein, Kenneth, Beckmann, David, Hutchins, Tanya, Escallon, Sebastian Garcia, Johnson, Kristen, Sligh, Teresa S., Desai, Parul, Huynh, Vincent, Lopez, Carlos, Mendoza, Erika, Adelglass, Jeffrey, Naifeh, Jerome G., Kucera, Kristine J., Chughtai, Waseem, Jaffer, Shireen H., Davis, Matthew G., Foley, Jennifer, Burgett, Michelle L., Shlotzhauer, Tammi L., Ingalsbe-Geno, Sarah M., Duncanson, Daniel, Kush, Kelly, Nesbitt, Lori, Sonnier, Cora, McCarter, Jennifer, Butcher, Michael B., Fry, James, Percy, Donna, Freudemann, Karen, Gebhardt, Bruce C., Mangu, Padma N., Schroeck, Debra B., Davit, Rajesh K., Hennekes, Gayle D., Luft, Benjamin J., Carr, Melissa, Nachman, Sharon, Pellecchia, Alison, Smith, Candace, Valenti, Bruno, Bermudez, Maria I., Peraita, Noris, Delgado, Ernesto, Arrazcaeta, Alicia, Ramirez, Natalie, Amador, Carmen, Marafioti, Horacio, Dang, Lyly, Clement, Lauren, Berry, Jennifer, Allaw, Mohammed, Geuss, Georgettea, Miles, Chelsea, Bittner, Zachary, Werne, Melody, Calinescu, Cornell, Rodman, Shannon, Rindt, Joshua, Cooksey, Erin, Harrison, Kristina, Cooper, Deanna, Horton, Manisha, Philyaw, Amanda, Jennings, William, Alvarado, Hilario, Baka, Michele, Regalado, Malina, Murray, Linda, Naguib, Sherif, Singletary, Justin, Richmond, Sha-Wanda, Omodele, Sarah, Oppenheim, Emily, Martinez, Reuben, Andriulis, Victoria, Singer, Leonard, Blevins, Jeanne, Thomas, Meagan, Hull, Christine, Pereira, Isabel, Rivero, Gina, Okonya, Tracy, Downing, Frances, Miller, Paulina, Rhee, Margaret, Stapleton, Katherine, Klein, Jeffrey, Hong, Rosamond, Swan, Suzanne, Wahlin, Tami, Bennett, Elizabeth, Salzl, Amy, Phan, Sharine, White, Jewel J., Occhino, Amanda, Paiano, Ruth, McLaughlin, Morgan, Swieboda, Elisa, Garcia-Fragoso, Veronica, Becerra, Maria G., White, Toni, Turley, Christine B., McWilliams, Andrew, Esinhart, Tiffany, Montoya, Natasha, Huskey, Shamika, Paul, Leena, Tashima, Karen, Johnson, Jennie, Neill, Marguerite, Sanchez, Martha, Rybak, Natasha, Mileno, Maria, Cohen, Stuart H., Ruiz, Monica, Boswell, Dean M., Robison, Elizabeth E., Reynolds, Trina L., Neumeister, Sonja, Zorrilla, Carmen D., Rivera, Juana, Ibarra, Jessica, García, Iris, Sierra, Dianca, Ramon, Wanda, Fiorillo, Suzanne, Pitotti, Rebecca, Anderson, Victoria R., Mancilla, Jose Castillo, Le, Nga, Winokur, Patricia L., Ince, Dilek, Hegmann, Theresa, Meier, Jeffrey, Stapleton, Jack, Stulken, Laura, McArthur, Monica, Berry, Andrea, Tapia, Milagritos, Hammershaimb, Elizabeth, Robinson, Toni, MacBryde, Rosa, Kline, Susan, Billings, Joanne L., Cavert, Winston, Forgosh, Les B., Schacker, Timothy W., Bold, Tyler D., Dandachi, Dima, Nelson, Taylor, Bran, Andres, Geiger, Grant, Naqvi, S. Hasan, Florescu, Diana F., Starlin, Richard, Kline, David, Zimmer, Andrea, Abbas, Anum, Wilson, Natasha, Eron, Joseph J., Sciaudone, Michael, Rosengren, A. Lina, Kizer, John S., Rutstein, Sarah E., Bruce, Elizabeth, Espinosa, Claudia, Sanders, Lisa J., Kim, Kami, Casey, Denise, Taylor, Barbara S., Patterson, Thomas, Pinilla, Ruth S., Bullock, Delia, Ponce, Philip, Patterson, Jan, McClelland, R. Scott, Lane, Dakotah C., Wald, Anna, James, Frank, Duke, Elizabeth, Hauge, Kirsten, Heimonen, Jessica, Goecker, Erin A., Huang, Yunda, Fong, Youyi, Kauffman, Carol, Linder, Kathleen, Nofz, Kimberly, McConnell, Andrew, Buynak, Robert J., Webb, Angella, Petty, Taryn, Andree, Stephanie, Sanchez, Erica, Mackey, Nolan, Baudelaire, Clarisse, Dzigiel, Sarah, Marquez, Adrienna, Quillin, Kim, King, Michelle, Abad, Vanessa, Knowles, Jennifer, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Tovar, Dalia, Shaw, Marian E., Turner, Mark A., Huffine, Cory J., Huffine, Esther S., Ake, Julie A., Secord, Elizabeth, McGrath, Eric, Levy, Phillip, Stewart, Brittany, Cromer, Charnell, Walters, Ayanna, Ellsworth, Grant, Greene, Caroline, Galloway, Sarah, Kapadia, Shashi, DeHaan, Elliot, Wilson, Clint, Milligan, Jason, Raley, Danielle, Bocchini, Joseph, McClenathan, Bruce, Hussain, Mary, Lomasney, Evelyn, Hall, Evelyn, Lamberth, Sherry, Schmeck, Christy, Leathers, Vickie, Theodore, Deborah A., Branche, Angela R., Graciaa, Daniel S., Hatlen, Timothy J., Miller, Jacqueline, Sadoff, Jerald, Falsey, Ann R., Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., Rick, Anne-Marie, Laurens, Matthew B., Huang, Ying, Yu, Chenchen, Martin, Thomas C.S., Rodriguez, Carina A., Rostad, Christina A., Maboa, Rebone M., Baden, Lindsey R., El Sahly, Hana M., Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Gray, Glenda E., Gay, Cynthia L., Gilbert, Peter B., Janes, Holly E., Kublin, James G., Leav, Brett, Hirsch, Ian, Struyf, Frank, Dunkle, Lisa M., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Corey, Lawrence, Goepfert, Paul A., Follmann, Dean, and Kotloff, Karen L.

Published
2023
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11. Culling of Urban Norway Rats and Carriage of Bartonella spp. Bacteria, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Author

Byers, Kaylee A., Lee, Michael J., Hill, Janet E., Fernando, Champika, Speerin, Laura, Donovan, Christina M., Patrick, David M., and Himsworth, Chelsea G.

Subjects
Rattus norvegicus -- Distribution -- Control -- Diseases, Bartonella -- Identification and classification -- Distribution, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) carry Bartonella spp., which are bacteria transmitted among rats and to humans through vectors including fleas (1). Infection in humans can result in fever, fatigue, [...]

Published
2022
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13. Curriculum decision making in religious education in five English secondary schools at Key Stage 3

Author

Hampshire, Patrick David Gabriel

Subjects
BL Religion, BV1460 Religious Education, LB1603 Secondary Education. High schools, LB2361 Curriculum
Abstract

Knowing how teachers plan the curriculum for pupils is essential to understanding how they view the nature and purpose of education in the contexts that they find themselves. With the development of the academies programme and Free Schools, where teachers are encouraged to be creators of curriculum, this task has never been more urgent. This study took five secondary teachers of religious education (RE) in English schools and looked at how they planned their subject for pupils in Years 7 and 8, with a focus on the latter. Using repertoires of action research the study looks at the underlying educational beliefs of teachers, their own personal histories and context of their school to produce comparative case studies. The comparison of case studies identified common themes and significant difference of approach set against the expectation that might be had of those teachers who were trained RE teachers and those who were not. Three of the schools in this study were non-denominational schools and two Church of England secondary schools, allowing a comparison of teachers in shared and different contexts. The approach taken in the research is embedded in the Critical Realist tradition and it looks to discover the underlying cultural structures that have an impact on teachers internalised worldviews. It explores how understanding cultural structure can better enable researchers to see its impact on real decisions made by teachers.

Published
2019

14. TechGirlz--Teaching STEM Skills to Bridge the Gender Gap

Author

Patrick, David E. and Patrick, Sarah

Subjects
Technology -- Study and teaching -- Demographic aspects, Nonprofit organizations -- Aims and objectives, Career choice -- Demographic aspects, Computers, Library and information science
Abstract

[This daughter/father team joined up to teach girls a love of tech. In their own words, here's the inspiring story of how they are making a difference in young lives.--Ed.] [...]

Published
2022

16. Outcomes with Finerenone in Participants with Stage 4 CKD and Type 2 Diabetes: A FIDELITY Subgroup Analysis

Author

Sarafidis, Pantelis, Agarwal, Rajiv, Pitt, Bertram, Wanner, Christoph, Filippatos, Gerasimos, Boletis, John, Tuttle, Katherine R., Ruilope, Luis M., Rossing, Peter, Toto, Robert, Anker, Stefan D., Liu, Zhi-Hong, Joseph, Amer, Ahlers, Christiane, Brinker, Meike, Lawatscheck, Robert, Bakris, George, Aizenberg, Diego, Bartolacci, Inés, Besada, Diego, Bittar, Julio, Chahin, Mariano, Elbert, Alicia, Gelersztein, Elizabeth, Liberman, Alberto, Maffei, Laura, Manghi, Federico Pérez, Sanabria, Hugo, Vallejos, Augusto, Viñes, Gloria, Wassermann, Alfredo, Abhayaratna, Walter, Acharya, Shamasunder, Ekinci, Elif, Lee, Darren, MacIsaac, Richard, Mah, Peak Mann, Nelson, Craig, Packham, David, Pape, Alexia, Roger, Simon, Stephenson, Hugo, Suranyi, Michael, Wittert, Gary, Vale, Elizabeth, Colman, Peter, Colquhoun, David, Ellis, Chris, Joshua, Kim, Pedagogos, Eugenia, Regal, Paul, Topliss, Duncan, Vandeleur, James, Verjans, Johan, Wittert, Gary, Wynne, Katie-Jane, Clodi, Martin, Ebenbichler, Christoph, Fliesser-Görzer, Evelyn, Hanusch, Ursula, Krebs, Michael, Lhotta, Karl, Ludvik, Bernhard, Mayer, Gert, Neudorfer, Peter, Paulweber, Bernhard, Prager, Rudolf, Preiß, Wolfgang, Prischl, Friedrich, Schernthaner, Gerit-Holger, Sourij, Harald, Wiesholzer, Martin, Drexel, Heinz, Oberbauer, Rainer, Schönherr, Hans-Robert, Doubel, Peter, Engelen, Wendy, Gillard, Pieter, Hougardy, Jean-Michel, Krzesinski, Jean-Marie, Maes, Bart, Speeckaert, Marijn, Stas, Koen, van Gaal, Luc, Vanbelleghem, Hilde, Duyck, Francis, Scheen, André, Antunes, Daniela, Botelho, Roberto, Brito, Claudia, Canani, Luis, Canziani, Maria Eugenia, Cerqueira, Maria, de Paula, Rogerio, Eliaschewitz, Freddy, Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo, Forti, Adriana, Hissa, Miguel, Leite, Emerson Lima Maurilo, Jr, Noronha, Irene, Paolino, Bruno, Paschoalin, Nathalia, Paschoalin, Raphael, Filho, Roberto Pecoits, Pereira, Marcio, Portes, Evandro, Precoma, Dalton, Rea, Rosangela, Riella, Miguel, Salles, Joao Eduardo, Vasconcellos, Eduardo, Vencio, Sergio, Bacci, Marcelo, Maia, Lilia, Villacorta, Aline, Apostolova, Emiliya, Boshnyashka, Radostina, Farah, Ghassan, Georgiev, Dimitar, Gushterova, Valentina, Klyuchkova, Neli, Lucheva, Mariya, Manova, Petya, Minkova, Dotska, Nonchev, Boyan, Pichmanova, Mariyana, Prakova, Zhulieta, Rangelov, Rangel, Rashkov, Rosen, Stanchev, Pavel, Stoyanovska-Elencheva, Bilyana, Tagarev, Zhivko, Temelkova-Kurktschieva, Theodora, Vasileva, Svetla, Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Mariana, Marinchev, Angel, Miteva, Mariya, Barre, Paul, Carlson, Brian, Conway, James, Cournoyer, Serge, Dumas, Richard, Fikry, Sameh, Goluch, Richard, Hamet, Pavel, Hart, Randolph, Henein, Sam, Liutkus, Joanne, Madore, Francois, Martinho, Valdemar, Mazza, Giuseppe, McFarlane, Philip, Keefe, Dennis O′, Peterson, Sean, Schwartz, Daniel, Shu, Daniel, Steele, Andrew, Tellier, Guy, Tennankore, Karthik, Tobe, Sheldon, Tsoukas, George, Tytus, Richard, Vitou, Louise, Walsh, Michael, Weisnagel, Stanley, Wilderman, Igor, Yale, Jean-Francois, El Boreky, Fadia, Kelly, Alan, Leiter, Lawrence, Teitelbaum, Ivor, Cobos, Jorge, Godoy, Juan, González, Fernando, Lobos, Sergio, Palma, Juan Carlos, Prieto Dominguez, Juan Carlos, Reyes, Eliana, Romero, Carmen, Saavedra, Victor, Vega, Mario, Medina, Marcelo, Varleta, Paola, Bu, Ruifang, Cai, Hanqing, Chen, Nan, Chen, Qinkai, Chen, Dejun, Cheng, Jinluo, Dong, Youping, Dong, Junwu, Guan, Tianjun, Hao, Chuanming, Huang, Wen, Jiang, Fangfang, Lei, Minxiang, Li, Ling, Li, Zhonghe, Li, Xuemei, Li, Jingmei, Li, Yan, Liang, Xinling, Liang, Bo, Liu, Fang, Liu, Yinghong, Liu, Yuantao, Liu, Zhihong, Long, Gang, Lu, Guoyuan, Lu, Weiping, Lu, Yibing, Luo, Ping, Ma, Jianhua, Mo, Zhaohui, Niu, Jianying, Peng, Ai, Shen, Jiansong, Shen, Feixia, Shi, Bingyin, Su, Qing, Sun, Zhuxing, Tang, Shuifu, Tong, Nanwei, Wang, Hao, Wang, Xinjun, Wang, Guixia, Wang, Jianqin, Wang, Yangang, Wang, Li, Wei, Jiali, Wu, Tianfeng, Wu, Chaoqing, Xing, Changying, Xiong, Fei, Xu, Xudong, Xu, Ning, Yan, Tiekun, Yang, Jinkui, Yin, Aiping, Zeng, Longyi, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Yanlin, Zhang, Ying, Zhao, Wenjing, Zhao, Zhiquan, Zheng, Hongguang, Zhong, Ling, Zhu, Dalong, Zhuang, Yongze, Du, Yuming, Fang, Yi, Guo, Weiying, Jiang, Sheng, Kuang, Jian, Li, Dongmei, Li, Hongmei, Li, Yinan, Li, Yuxiu, Liu, Jian, Liu, Yu, Miao, Heng, Peng, Wen, Wang, Lihua, Xu, Mingtong, Zhong, Liyong, Zhu, Jun, Arango, Clara, Barrera, Sandra, López, Nelly Beltrán, Benitez, Diego, Blanco, Guillermo, Cadena, Andrés, Coronel, Julian, Cure, Carlos, Durán, Carlos, González, Alexander, Guzmán, Gustavo, Hernández, Eric, Ibarra, Jaime, Jaramillo, Carlos, Jaramillo, Nicolás, Kattah, William, Molina, Dora, Sánchez, Gregorio, Terront, Mónica, Trujillo, Freddy, Urina, Miguel, Vargas, Ruben, Villegas, Iván, Yupanqui, Hernán, Arcos, Edgar, Aroca, Gustavo, Barreto, Germán, Bermudez, Andres, Botero, Rodrigo, Cárdenas, Tatiana, Figueroa, Wilmer, Jaramillo, Mónica, Liévano, Manuel, López, Mónica, Molina, Dora, Rosero, Ricardo, Trillos, Pedro, Dino Alferi, Brada, Michal, Brezina, Jiri, Bucek, Petr, Edelsberger, Tomas, Gulakova, Drahomira, Zapletalova, Jitka Hasalova, Hola, Olga, Hornova, Lucie, Houdova, Jana, Hrmova, Helena, Karasek, David, Kopecka, Sarka, Kovar, Richard, Krcova, Eva, Kuchar, Jiri, Kutejova, Vlasta, Lubanda, Hana, Matyasek, Ivo, Mokrejsova, Magdalena, Okenka, Libor, Prazny, Martin, Pumprla, Jiri, Tomanek, Pavel, Andersen, Ulla, Andries, Alin, Bech, Jesper, Faber, Jens, Gislason, Gunnar, Hangaard, Jørgen, Pacyk, Grzegorz Jaroslaw, Juhl, Claus, Krarup, Thure, Lindhardt, Morten, Madsbad, Sten, Nielsen, Joan, Pedersen-Bjergaard, Ulrik, Poulsen, Per, Rasmussen, Ole, Rossing, Peter, Schousboe, Karoline, Gram, Jeppe, Lauridsen, Thomas, Pedersen, Erling, Thorsteinsson, Birger, Flöjt, Päivi, Honkasalo, Mikko, Honkasalo, Mikko, Humaloja, Kari, Kananen, Kristiina, Kantola, Ilkka, Koistinen, Arvo, Korsoff, Pirkko, Lahtela, Jorma, Nieminen, Sakari, Nieminen, Tuomo, Sadeharju, Karita, Strand, Jorma, Sulosaari, Sakari, Cariou, Bertrand, Chantrel, François, Clavel, Sylvaine, Combe, Christian, Fauvel, Jean-Pierre, Gallouj, Karim, Gouet, Didier, Guerci, Bruno, Guerrot, Dominique, Hourmant, Maryvonne, Klein, Alexandre, Mariat, Christophe, Marre, Michel, Mesbah, Rafik, Le Meur, Yannick, Monier, Arnaud, Moranne, Olivier, Roussel, Ronan, Serusclat, Pierre, Vendrely, Benoit, Verges, Bruno, Zaoui, Philippe, Axthelm, Christoph, Bergmann, Andreas, Birkenfeld, Andreas L., Braun, Hermann, Busch, Klaus, Contzen, Christel, Degenhardt, Stefan, Derwahl, Karl, Giebel, Thomas, Hagenow, Andreas, Haller, Hermann, Hasslacher, Christoph, Horacek, Thomas, Jungmair, Wolfgang, Kloos, Christof, Koch, Thorsten, Krüger, Thilo, Mühlfeld, Anja, Müller, Joachim, Pfützner, Andreas, Pistrosch, Frank, Rinke, Andrea, Rose, Ludger, Rump, Lars, Schettler, Volker, Schiefke, Ingolf, Schlichthaar, Heike, Schröppel, Bernd, Schöll, Norbert, Schubert, Kristin, Schürholz, Thomas, Sigal, Helena, Stemler, Lutz, Strack, Georg, Täschner, Heidrun, Toursarkissian, Nicole, Tschöpe, Diethelm, Ulmer, Achim, van der Giet, Markus, Wanner, Christoph, Winkelmann, Bernhard R., Boletis, Ioannis, Dimitriadis, George, Hatziagelaki, Erifili, Iatrou, Christos, Ioannidis, Ioannis, Kounadi, Theodora, Makriniotou, Ioanna, Papadopoulou, Dorothea, Papagianni, Aikaterini, Passadakis, Ploumis, Piaditis, George, Stefanidis, Ioannis, Tai Pang Ip, Lee, Paul, Andrea Luk, On Yan, Ma, Ronald, Chow, Wing Sun, Wang, Angela, Yeung, Vincent, Bajcsi, Dora, Danos, Peter, Harcsa, Eleonora, Kalina, Akos, Kazup, Szilvia, Keltai, Katalin, Kirschner, Robert, Kiss, Julianna, Kovacs, Laszlo, Lamboy, Beata, Literati-Nagy, Botond, Mileder, Margit, Nagy, Laszlo, Noori, Ebrahim, Nyirati, Gabor, Petro, Gizella, Schneider, Karoly, Simon, Judit, Szocs, Albert, Vasas, Szilard, Wudi, Krisztina, Zilahi, Zsolt, Zsom, Marianna, Eustace, Joe, Holian, John, Reddan, Donal, Meara, Yvonne O′, Abramof Ness, Rosane, Adawi, Faiad, Armaly, Zaher, Atar, Shaul, Bashkin, Amir, Ben Chetrit, Sydney, Yanay, Noa Berar, Chernin, Gil, Darawsha, Mahmud, Efrati, Shai, Elias, Mazen, Farber, Evgeny, Glandt, Mariela, Grossman, Ehud, Halabi, Majdi, Harman-Boehm, Ilana, Khazim, Khaled, Liberty, Idit, Minuchin, Oscar, Mosenzon, Ofri, Nakhoul, Farid, Nimer, Assy, Schwartz, Doron, Wainstein, Julio, Yagil, Yoram, Zukermann, Robert, Avogaro, Angelo, Battaglia, Giovanni Giorgio, Bevilacqua, Maurizio Tiziano, Bonora, Enzo, Bossi, Carlo Antonio, Calabrò, Paolo, Cavalot, Franco Luigi, Cimino, Roberto, Cozzolino, Mario Gennaro, David, Salvatore, Emdin, Michele, Fiaccadori, Enrico, Fiorina, Paolo, Giorda, Carlo Bruno, Gregorini, Maria Cristina, La Manna, Gaetano, Maggi, Davide Carlo, Manti, Roberta, Meregalli, Giancarla, Pani, Antonello, Parvanova, Aneliy Ilieva, Perico, Norberto, Piatti, PierMarco, Pisani, Antonio, Pontiroli, Antonio Ettore, Ponzani, Paola, Santorelli, Gennaro, Santoro, Domenico, Scanziani, Renzo, Teatini, Ugo, Tonolo, Giancarlo, Trevisan, Roberto, Veronelli, Anna Maria, Viviani, Giorgio Luciano, Araki, Hideo, Bando, Yukihiro, Ebisui, Osamu, Fujita, Naruhiro, Fukasawa, Hirotaka, Furuya, Ryuichi, Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki, Hamasaki, Akihiro, Hasegawa, Kotaro, Hatazaki, Masahiro, Hayashi, Terumasa, Higashi, Takayuki, Hirohata, Yoshihide, Horinouchi, Shuji, Hoshi, Ayumu, Imoto, Hirofumi, Inagaki, Akemi, Inagaki, Masayuki, Inaguma, Daijo, Inoue, Toshihiko, Ishii, Masao, Ishiko, Tamayo, Isono, Motohide, Jinnouchi, Hideaki, Kanai, Hidetoshi, Kanda, Daisuke, Kanehara, Hideo, Kashima, Masayuki, Kataoka, Yuko, Katayama, Shigehiro, Kato, Kiyoe, Katsuki, Takeshi, Kawamitsu, Katsunori, Kawasaki, Satsuki, Kikuchi, Fumi, Kikuchi, Hidetoshi, Kishimoto, Rui, Kobayashi, Kunihisa, Koide, Junko, Komi, Rieko, Kubota, Miyuki, Kuriya, Genpei, Kurose, Takeshi, Kusano, Yoshiro, Hajime, Maeda, Matsubayashi, Sunao, Matsumoto, Kazunari, Matsumura, Naoya, Matsuo, Yasuto, Matsuoka, Naoki, Miyaoka, Hiroaki, Miyata, Satoshi, Morita, Takeshi, Murakami, Isao, Murao, Satoshi, Nakamura, Udai, Nakayama, Mikihiro, Nakazawa, Jun, Nohara, Sakae, Nomiyama, Takashi, Noritake, Masayuki, Oda, Yoshiaki, Ogiwara, Takayuki, Ohashi, Hiroshi, Okamoto, Hideki, Okino, Shinichi, Osonoi, Takeshi, Sasaki, Nobuhiro, Sayo, Yoshitaka, Sekigami, Taiji, Shibasaki, Taro, Shibata, Hirotaka, Shimoyama, Tatsushi, Shinoda, Junji, Sobajima, Hiroshi, Sugitatsu, Kazuya, Sugiura, Toshiyuki, Sugiyama, Toru, Suzuki, Daisuke, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Suzuki, Masaaki, Takeda, Asami, Tanaka, Asami, Tanaka, Seiichi, Tsunematsu, Izumi, Ueda, Yasuo, Uekihara, Soichi, Ujihara, Makoto, Yajima, Ken, Yamada, Daishiro, Yamada, Masayo, Yamagata, Kazuo, Yamakawa, Ken, Yamakawa, Fumiko, Yamasaki, Yoshimitsu, Yambe, Yuko, Yanagida, Taihei, Yanai, Hidekatsu, Yanase, Toshihiko, Yasuda, Tetsuyuki, Kriauciuniene, Dovile, Lasiene, Jurate, Navickas, Antanas, Radzeviciene, Lina, Urbanaviciene, Egle, Urbonas, Gediminas, Velaviciene, Audrone, Abd Ghani, Rohana, Aziz, Nor Azizah, Lee, Li Yuan, Loh, Chek Loong, Ali, Norhaliza Mohd, Noor, Nurain Mohd, Fatnoon Nik Ahmad, Nik Nur, Ratnasingam, Jeyakantha, Halimi Bin Wan Hasan, Wan Hasnul, Izani Wan Mohamed, Wan Mohd, Khir, Rizmy Najme, Mohamad, Masni, Alexander Tan, Tong Boon, Avila Pardo, Sandro, Adrian, Miriam Bastidas, Wong, Alfredo Chew, Escobedo de la Peña, Jorge, Salmón, Guillermo Fanghänel, Gálvez, Guillermo González, Ochoa, Ramiro Gutiérrez, Santana, Saúl Irizar, Rovalo, Magdalena Madero, Machado, Gustavo Méndez, Ruiz, Luis Nevarez, Ibarra, Denisse Ramos, López, Gabriel Ramos, Reyna, Leobardo Sauque, Ortiz, Gustavo Solache, Ortiz, Rafael Valdez, Mesa, Juan Villagordoa, Salazar, Melchor Alpizar, Hernández, Pedro García, González, José, Soto, José Lazcano, Mendoza, Arturo Saldaña, Santana, Sergio Irizar, Vilchis, Elvira González, Bakker, R.C., Barendregt, J.N.M., Boonstra, A.H., Bos, Willem, Brouwer, C.B., Buren, M. van, Gansevoort, Ron, Kooy, Adriaan, Krekels, Marielle, Leendert, Ruud J.M. van, Lieverse, Louis A.G., Luik, P.T., Penne, E. Lars, Gregoor, Peter Smak, Vogt, Liffert, Born, Bert-Jan van den, John Baker, Crawford, Veronica, Cutfield, Rick, Dunn, Peter, Krebs, Jeremy, Nirmalaraj, Kingsley, Scott, Russell, Smuts, Nine, Titchener, Janet, Eriksen, Erik, Finnes, Trine, Høivik, Hans, Karlsson, Thomas, Munk, Peter Scott, Radtke, Maria, Risberg, Knut, Rocke, Jan, Solnør, Leidulv, Stenehjem, Aud-Eldrid, Tafjord, Anne-Beathe, Asprusten, Emil, Hagemeier, Robert, Høye, Kjetil, Selsås, Hilde, Thorup, Frode, Wium, Cecilie, Pamugas, Glenda, Panelo, Araceli, Perez, Ronald, Tanque, Maribel, Tirador, Louie, Villa, Michael, Bautista, Albert, Catindig, Elizabeth, Manalo, Carlo, Mirasol, Roberto, Butrymowicz, Patrycja, Ciechanowski, Kazimierz, Cieslik, Grazyna, Franek, Edward, Gumprecht, Janusz, Hoffmann, Michal, Krzykowska, Jolanta, Kurnatowska, Ilona, Landa, Katarzyna, Madrzejewski, Adam, Madziarska, Katarzyna, Mazur, Stanislaw, Napora, Piotr, Nowicki, Michal, Ocicka-Kozakiewicz, Anna, Rewerska, Barbara, Rusicka, Teresa, Ruxer, Jan, Skokowska, Ewa, Stankiewicz, Andrzej, Stompor, Tomasz, Tiuryn-Petrulewicz, Agnieszka, Wasilewska, Katarzyna, Wierusz-Wysocka, Bogna, Wnetrzak-Michalska, Renata, Jedynasty, Krystyna, Anand, Izabela Sein, Almeida, Edgar, Ballesteros, Rosa, Barreto, Carlos, Beirao, Idalina, Birne, Rita, Esteves, Cesar, Guia, Jose, Heitor, Susana, Marques, Olinda, Melo, Pedro, Nolasco, Fernando, Pereira, Amalia, Roque, Cristina, Rosario, Francisco, Silva, Gil, Silva, Ana, Teixeira e Costa, Fernando, Lobos, Ana Vila, Alves, Ana Rita, Brandao, Ilidio, Carvalho, Rui, Coelho, Joao, Lourenco, Ana, Matos, Pedro, Rosario, Vanisa, Neves, Joao Sergio, Cortes-Maisonet, Gregorio, Roman-Miranda, Amaury, Brito-Peguero, Yudit, Colon-Vega, Gildred, Albota, Adrian, Bala, Cornelia, Barbonta, Hortensia, Caceaune, Elena, Catrinoui, Doina, Constantin, Ciprian, Dumitrescu, Adriana, Mindrescu, Nicoleta, Mistode, Cristina, Negrisanu, Gabriela, Onaca, Adriana, Paveliu, Silvia, Pintilei, Ella, Pop, Lavinia, Popa, Amorin, Popescu, Alexandrina, Radulian, Gabriela, Szilagyi, Iosif, Turcu, Liana, Vacaru, Georgeta, Vlad, Adrian, Filimon, Adriana, Veresiu, Ioan, Antsiferov, Mikhail, Arkhipov, Mikhail, Babkin, Andrey, Barbarash, Olga, Baranov, Vitaliy, Chernyavskaya, Elena, Demko, Arkadiy, Dreval, Alexander, Edin, Anton, Ermakova, Polina, Fadeev, Valentin, Galyavich, Albert, Gaysina, Leyla, Gordeev, Ivan, Ipatko, Irina, Kalashnikova, Marina, Khalimov, Yuriy, Klimontov, Vadim, Kobalava, Zhanna, Kosmacheva, Elena, Koziolova, Natalya, Sergey Levashov, Lyudmila Kvitkova, Libis, Roman, Marasaev, Vyacheslav, Malykh, Natalia, Martynenko, Vladimir, Malyutina, Sofya, Merai, Imad, Mkrtumyan, Ashot, Nechaeva, Galina, Petunina, Nina, Palyutin, Shamil, Pimenov, Leonid, Rechkova, Elena, Rodionova, Tatyana, Rymar, Oksana, Sardinov, Ruslan, Semenova, Olga, Sherenkov, Alexander, Solovev, Oleg, Smolyarchuk, Elena, Strongin, Leonid, Ukhanova, Olga, Verlan, Nadezhda, Vorokhobina, Natalya, Yakhontov, Davyd, Yakushin, Sergey, Zakharova, Elena, Zalevskaya, Alsu, Zanozina, Olga, Zhdanova, Elena, Zhukova, Larisa, Zykova, Tatyana, Argunova, Yulia, Nikolaev, Konstantin, Villevalde, Svetlana, Fang Sum, Chee, Suhail, Sufi Muhummad, San Tan, Ru, Vathsala, Anantharaman, Wong, Edmund, Bee, Yong Mong, Babikova, Jana, Buganova, Ingrid, Dzupina, Andrej, Ochodnicka, Zuzana, Sosovec, Dalibor, Spodniakova, Denisa, Minarik, Peter, Fayzal Ahmed, Amod, Aslam, Bhana, Sindeep, Distiller, Larry, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie, Joshi, Mukesh, Joshi, Shaifali, Lakha, Deepak, Mitha, Essack, Podgorski, Gracjan, Ranjith, Naresh, Rayner, Brian, Rheeder, Paul, Sarvan, Mohamed, Seeber, Mary, Siebert, Heidi, Tayob, Mohammed, Trokis, Julien, Urbach, Dorothea, van Zyl, Louis, Jansen van Rensburg, Dirkie, Bum-Soon Choi, Choi, Moon Gi, Chung, ChoonHee, Hwang, YouCheol, Kim, ChongHwa, Kim, InJoo, Kim, JaeHyeon, Kim, SinGon, Kim, SungGyun, Kim, Tae Hee, Lee, WooJe, Lee, ByungWan, Lee, Kang Wook, Oh, Kook-Hwan, Oh, Ji Eun, Oh, Yun Kyu, Oh, Dong-Jin, Park, Junbeom, Shin, Seok Joon, Sung, Su-Ah, Yu, Jae Myung, Chung, HyeSoo, Huh, Ji Hye, Kang, JunGoo, Kim, ChulSik, Kim, HyeSoon, Kim, NamHoon, Lim, Soo, Cho, Young Min, Park, Cheol Young, Agraz, Irene, Ampudia, Francisco Javier, Bouarich, Hanane, Calero, Francesca, Castro, Cristina, Guldris, Secundino Cigarrán, Garrit, Josep Cruzado, de Álvaro, Fernando, Galcerán, Josep, Albarrán, Olga González, Jaras, Julio Hernández, Ibernón, Meritxell, Deben, Francisco Martínez, Ma, Esteban, Dolores Martínez, Pascual Izuel, José María, Martins, Judith, Mediavilla, Juan, Michán, Alfredo, Santos, Julio Pascual, Poch, Esteban, Rusillo, Manuel Polaina, Juan, Carlos Sánchez, Olmo, Rafael Santamaría, Segura de la Morena, José Julián, Soto, Alfonso, Troya, Maribel, Castro, Fernando Cereto, Fernández, Pablo Gómez, Sánchez, Laura Fuentes, Moya, Mercedes González, Marrero, Domingo Hernández, Maroto, Gonzalo Piedrola, Redón, Josep, Seron, Daniel, Bruchfeld, Annette, Curiac, Dan, Eliasson, Ken, Frank, Malin, Guron, Gregor, Hellberg, Olof, Hellgren, Margareta, Larnefeldt, Hans, Lindholm, Carl-Johan, Löndahl, Magnus, Rein-Hedin, Erik, Soveri, Inga, Spaak, Jonas, Tengmark, Bengt-Olov, Lif-Tiberg, Cornelia, Månflod, Johan, Nguyen, Han, Ackermann, Daniel, Bilz, Stefan, Burnier, Michel, Forster, Christian, Kalbermatter, Stefan, Kistler, Andreas, Pechère-Bertschi, Antoinette, Schultes, Bernd, Laimer, Markus, Rudofsky, Gottfried, Strey, Christopher, Wuerzner, Gregoire, Chiz-Tzung Chang, Hung, Cheng-Chieh, Jiang, Ju-Ying, Lee, Chien-Te, Lin, Shuei-Liong, Tarng, Der-Cherng, Tu, Shih-Te, Wu, Mai-Szu, Wu, Ming-Ju, Chuang, Lee-Ming, Deerochanawong, Chaicharn, Kitiyakara, Chagriya, Ophascharoensuk, Vuddhidej, Pongchaiyakul, Chatlert, Satirapoj, Bancha, Kosachunhanan, Natapong, Sritara, Piyamitr, Eren, Necmi, Gul, Ibrahim, Gulel, Okan, Kocyigit, Ismail, Kumbasar, Abdulbaki, Sahin, Idris, Sari, Ramazan, Sayin, Burak, Tavli, Talat, Ustundag, Sedat, Yenicerioglu, Yavuz, Badak, Ozer, Cayli, Murat, Oguz, Aytekin, Ozdogan, Oner, Sari, Ibrahim, Temizhan, Ahmet, Tigen, Mustafa, Turk, Ugur, Yilmaz, Huseyin, Yilmaz, Mehmet, Bondarets, Iryna, Botsyurko, Volodymyr, Chernikova, Viktoriia, Donets, Oleksandra, Fushtey, Ivan, Grachova, Mariia, Isayeva, Anna, Kogut, Dmytro, Komisarenko, Julia, Kravchun, Nonna, Malyar, Kateryna, Mankovsky, Borys, Martynyuk, Liliya, Maslyanko, Vitaliy, Myshanych, Halyna, Pererva, Larysa, Pertseva, Nataliia, Serhiyenko, Oleksandr, Smirnov, Ivan, Sokolova, Liubov, Stryzhak, Vasyl, Vlasenko, Maryna, Isayeva, Ganna, Larin, Oleksandr, Ahmad AbouSaleh, Barratt, Jonathan, Dang, Cuong, Kahal, Hassan, Kirk, Adam, Kilvert, Anne, Kon, Sui Phi, McCafferty, Kieran, Patel, Dipesh, Rice, Sam, Vijayaraman, Arutchelvam, Wong, Yuk-ki, Gibson, Martin, Wahba, Mona, Zaidi, Reza, Bilous, Rudy, Johnson, Andrew, Kalathil, Dhanya, Kilvert, Anne, Kyriakidou, Christina, Mathew, Amit, Mukhtar, Rasha, Munsoor, Imrozia, Poterajlo, Anton, Swift, Pauline, Idalia Acosta, Adams, Atoya, Adler, Sharon, Ajani, Dilawar, Ali, Slamat, Alicic, Radica, Al-Karadsheh, Amer, Alla, Sreedhara, Allison, D., Andrawis, Nabil, Arif, Ahmed, Awad, Ahmed, Azizad, Masoud, Bahrami, Michael, Bansal, Shweta, Barag, Steven, Barakzoy, Ahmad, Barney, Mark, Barzilay, Joshua, Bashir, Khalid, Bautista, Jose, Beddhu, Srinivasan, Belo, Diogo, Benjamin, Sabrina, Berenji, Ramin, Bhargava, Anuj, Birriel, Jose, Brietzke, Stephen, Brosius, Frank, Brusco, Osvaldo, Burgner, Anna, Busch, Robert, Canadas, Rafael, Caramori, Maria, Cardona, Jose, Case, Christopher, Cruz, Humberto, Dandillaya, Ramprasad, Dawoud, Dalia, Din, Zia, Dixon, Bradley, Doshi, Ankur, Drakakis, James, El Shahawy, Mahfouz, El-Meanawy, Ashraf, El-Shahawy, Mohammed, Evans, John, Fadda, George, Farooq, Umar, Fernando, Roland, Fink, Raymond, First, Brian, Fitz-Patrick, David, Flack, John, Fluck, Patrick, Fogelfeld, Leon, Fonseca, Vivian, Frias, Juan, Galphin, Claude, Garcia-Mayol, Luis, Goldstein, Gary, Gonzalez, Edgar, Gonzalez-Abreu, Francisco, Gore, Ashwini, Grant, David, Habwe, Violet, Hamilton, Maxine, Hammoud, Jamal, Handelsman, Stuart, Hartman, Israel, Heigerick, Glenn, Henry, Andrew, Hernandez, German, Hernandez-Cassis, Carlos, Herrera, Carlos, Hertel, Joachim, Huang, Wenyu, Iglesias, Rogelio, Iranmanesh, Ali, Jackson, Timothy, Jain, Mahendra, Jamerson, Kenneth, Johnson, Karen, Judd, Eric, Kaplan, Joshua, Kayali, Zeid, Khan, Bobby, Khan, Muhammad, Kharait, Sourabh, Kirkman, M. Sue, Kopyt, Nelson, Kotzker, Wayne, Kovesdy, Csaba, Kreit, Camil, Krishna, Arvind, Kronfli, Saeed, Lee, Keung, LeJeune, Derek, Lemus, Brenda, Leon-Forero, Carlos, Linfert, Douglas, Lora, Henry, Lurie, Alexander, Maddukuri, Geetha, Magno, Alexander, Maletz, Louis, Mandayam, Sreedhar, Markell, Mariana, Mayfield, Ronald, Mbogua, Caroline, McMullen, Dierdre, Meisner, Carl, Minton, Stephen, Mocherla, Bharat, Mohandas, Rajesh, Montero, Manuel, Moustafa, Moustafa, Nadkarni, Salil, Nakhle, Samer, Navarro, Jesus, Neyra, Nilda, Nica, Romanita, Nicol, Philip, Norwood, Paul, Numrungroad, Visal, Donovan, Richard O′, Odugbesan, A., Paoli-Bruno, Jorge, Parikh, Samir, Patel, Rakesh, Peixoto, Aldo, Pergola, Pablo, Perlman, Alan, Pettis, Karlton, Pisoni, Roberto, Ponduchi, Mirela, Posada, Jorge, Prabhakar, Sharma, Radhakrishnan, Jai, Rahman, Mahboob, Raina, Rupesh, Rastogi, Anjay, Reisin, Efrain, Rendell, Marc, Robertson, David, Rocco, Michael, Romeu, Hugo, Rosas, Sylvia, Rosenfeld, Jack, Ross, Dennis, Rothman, Jeffrey, Rudolph, Lance, Ruhullah, Yusuf, Ruoff, Gary, Ryu, Jeffrey, Sahani, Mandeep, Sam, Ramin, Samuels, Garfield, Sanchez, William, Santos, Vladimir, Satko, Scott, Saxena, Sanjeev, Scott, David, Seco, Gilberto, Seek, Melvin, Serota, Harvey, Shafi, Tariq, Shahid, Nauman, Shanik, Michael, Sharma, Santosh, Sinha, Arjun, Smelser, James, Smith, Mark, Soe, Kyaw, Solomon, Richard, Soroka, Eugene, Soufer, Joseph, Spinowitz, Bruce, Spry, Leslie, Suarez, Rosa, Subramanian, Bala, Szerlip, Harold, Tamirisa, Aparna, Thomson, Stephen, Tran, Tuan-Huy, Treger, Richard, Trullenque, Gretel, Turk, Thomas, Umpierrez, Guillermo, Urbach, Daniel, Valdes, Martin, Valika, Shujauddin, Vega, Damaris, Weissman, Peter, Whaley-Connell, Adam, Winston, Jonathan, Wise, Jonathan, Wynne, Alan, Zeig, Steven, Abdel-Rahman, Emaad, Abreu, Edel, Awad, Alaa, Bahri, Nader, Bertsch, John, Bleich, David, Bornfreund, Jonathan, Brar, Harjeet, Brian, Susan, Brinson, Cynthia, Bruschetta, Humberto, Carpio, Jose, Cohen, Steven, Cosby, John, Dhanireddy, Soni, Diaz, Jorge, Dunn, Fredrick, Eppanapally, Sabitha, Fayad, Joseph, Goel, Archana, Govindaraju, Kanakadurga, Halpern, Stephen, Jones, Audrey, Kaye, William, Knight, Herbert, Koch, Stanley, Kohli, Nandini, Lastra, Guido, Lerman, Sam, Loredo, Jorge, Lovre, Dragana, Mandviwala, Mustafa, Martin, Earl, Meyer, Jill, Murray, John, Oliver, David, Oparil, Suzanne, Penabad, Jesus, Pereira, Isabel, Popeil, Larry, Quesada, Gonzalo, Ramanathan, Kodangudi, Ramos-Gonez, Luis, Rastegar, Mandana, Rastogi, Padmashri, Rondon, Juan, Roy-Chaudhury, Prabir, Smith, David, Williamson, Don, Womack, Catherine, Yamout, Hala, Yuryev, Michael, Chu, Phuong, Van Hoang, Lam, Khanh, Tran, Phi Nga, Nguyen Thi, Son, Pham Nguyen, Tran, Lan Phuong, Le, Thuy Khuong, Nguyen, Boi Ngoc, Nguyen, Thao, Nui, Nguyen Minh, Nam, Tran Quang, and Tran, Kim Chi

Published
2023
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17. Antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Africa from 2001 to 2020: A mini-review

Author

Francis Kakooza, Reuben Kiggundu, Gerald Mboowa, Patrick David Kateete, Olga Tendo Nsangi, Jupiter Marina Kabahita, Bernard Ssentalo Bagaya, Daniel Golparian, and Magnus Unemo

Subjects
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, Africa, WHO Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (GASP), WHO enhanced GASP (EGASP), Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), compromising gonorrhea treatment, is a global public health concern. Improved, quality-assured NG AMR monitoring at the global level is essential. This mini-review examined NG AMR susceptibility surveillance and AMR data from the African continent from 2001 to 2020. Eligible peer-reviewed publications (n = 30) containing NG AMR data for antimicrobials currently recommended for gonorrhea treatment were included. Overall, very limited NG surveillance and AMR data was available. Furthermore, the NG AMR surveillance studies varied greatly regarding surveillance protocols (e.g., populations and samples tested, sample size, antimicrobials examined), methodologies (e.g., antimicrobial susceptibility testing method [agar dilution, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) gradient strip test, disc diffusion test] and interpretative criteria), and quality assurance (internal quality controls, external quality assessments [EQA], and verification of AMR detected). Moreover, most studies examined a suboptimal number of NG isolates, i.e., less than the WHO Global Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (GASP) and WHO Enhanced GASP (EGASP) recommendations of ≥100 isolates per setting and year. The notable inter-study variability and frequently small sample sizes make appropriate inter-study and inter-country comparisons of AMR data difficult. In conclusion, it is imperative to establish an enhanced, standardized and quality-assured NG AMR surveillance, ideally including patient metadata and genome sequencing as in WHO EGASP, in Africa, the region with the highest gonorrhea incidence globally. This will enable the monitoring of AMR trends, detection of emerging AMR, and timely refinements of national and international gonorrhea treatment guidelines. To achieve this aim, national and international leadership, political and financial commitments are imperative.

Published
2023
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18. Sustained Reduction in Sexual Behavior that May Pose a Risk of HIV Transmission Following Diagnosis During Early HIV Infection Among Gay Men in Vancouver, British Columbia

Author

Gilbert, Mark, Taylor, Darlene, Michelow, Warren, Grace, Daniel, Balshaw, Robert, Kwag, Michael, Lim, Elgin, Fischer, Benedikt, Patrick, David, Ogilvie, Gina, Coombs, Daniel, Steinberg, Malcolm, and Rekart, Michael

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, HIV/AIDS, Clinical Research, Sexual and Gender Minorities (SGM/LGBT*), Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Infectious Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Infection, Adult, British Columbia, Cohort Studies, Condoms, Early Diagnosis, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Risk Reduction Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Partners, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Viral Load, Substance Misuse, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Good Health and Well Being, Canada, Drug Users, Female, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, United States, HIV, Diagnosis, Risk behaviors, United states, Systematic review, Public Health and Health Services, Social Work, Public health
Abstract

HIV-infected individuals "aware" of their infection are more likely to use condoms, compared to HIV-infected "unaware" persons. To quantify this likelihood, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of U.S. and Canadian studies. Twenty-one eligible studies included men who have sex with men (MSM; k = 15), persons who inject drugs (PWID; k = 2), and mixed populations of high-risk heterosexuals (HRH; k = 4). Risk ratios (RR) of "not always using condoms" with partners of any serostatus were lower among aware MSM (RR 0.44 [not significant]), PWID (RR 0.70) and HRH (RR 0.27); and, in aware MSM, with partners of HIV-uninfected or unknown status (RR 0.46). Aware individuals had lower "condomless sex likelihood" with HIV-uninfected or unknown status partners (MSM: RR 0.58; male PWID: RR 0.44; female PWID: RR 0.65; HRH: RR 0.35) and with partners of any serostatus (MSM only, RR 0.72). The association diminished over time. High risk of bias compromised evidence quality.

Published
2018

20. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in COVID-19: Meta-analysis/Meta-regression Adjusted for Confounding Factors

Author

Lee, Terry, Cau, Alessandro, Cheng, Matthew Pellan, Levin, Adeera, Lee, Todd C., Vinh, Donald C., Lamontagne, Francois, Singer, Joel, Walley, Keith R., Murthy, Srinivas, Patrick, David, Rewa, Oleksa G., Winston, Brent W., Marshall, John, Boyd, John, Tran, Karen, Kalil, Andre C., Mcculoh, Russell, Fowler, Robert, Luther, James M., and Russell, James A.

Published
2021
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21. RNA-Seq Analysis of Gene Expression, Viral Pathogen, and B-Cell/T-Cell Receptor Signatures in Complex Chronic Disease

Author

Bouquet, Jerome, Gardy, Jennifer L, Brown, Scott, Pfeil, Jacob, Miller, Ruth R, Morshed, Muhammad, Avina-Zubieta, Antonio, Shojania, Kam, McCabe, Mark, Parker, Shoshana, Uyaguari, Miguel, Federman, Scot, Tang, Patrick, Steiner, Ted, Otterstater, Michael, Holt, Rob, Moore, Richard, Chiu, Charles Y, and Patrick, David M

Subjects
Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Lupus, Autoimmune Disease, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), Clinical Research, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Amino Acid Motifs, Amino Acid Sequence, B-Lymphocytes, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Disease Susceptibility, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Female, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Lyme Disease, Male, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Phenotype, Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes, Virus Diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, RNA-seq, transcriptome, viral infection, B-cell/T-cell receptors, Complex Chronic Disease Study Group, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract

BackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains poorly understood. Although infections are speculated to trigger the syndrome, a specific infectious agent and underlying pathophysiological mechanism remain elusive. In a previous study, we described similar clinical phenotypes in CFS patients and alternatively diagnosed chronic Lyme syndrome (ADCLS) patients—individuals diagnosed with Lyme disease by testing from private Lyme specialty laboratories but who test negative by reference 2-tiered serologic analysis.MethodsHere, we performed blinded RNA-seq analysis of whole blood collected from 25 adults diagnosed with CFS and 13 ADCLS patients, comparing these cases to 25 matched controls and 11 patients with well-controlled systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Samples were collected at patient enrollment and not during acute symptom flares. RNA-seq data were used to study host gene expression, B-cell/T-cell receptor profiles (BCR/TCR), and potential viral infections.ResultsNo differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be significant when CFS or ADCLS cases were compared to controls. Forty-two DEGs were found when SLE cases were compared to controls, consistent with activation of interferon signaling pathways associated with SLE disease. BCR/TCR repertoire analysis did not show significant differences between CFS and controls or ADCLS and controls. Finally, viral sequences corresponding to anelloviruses, human pegivirus 1, herpesviruses, and papillomaviruses were detected in RNA-seq data, but proportions were similar (P = .73) across all genus-level taxonomic categories.ConclusionsOur observations do not support a theory of transcriptionally mediated immune cell dysregulation in CFS and ADCLS, at least outside of periods of acute symptom flares.

Published
2017

24. Serum isolevuglandin IgG antibody concentrations are increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associated with lower 24-hour blood pressure

Author

Phothisane, Anastasiia, primary, Oeser, Annette M., additional, Shaik, Shahensha, additional, Wu, Qiong, additional, Posey, Olivia, additional, Davies, Sean S., additional, Krishnan, Jaya, additional, Patrick, David M., additional, Stein, C. Michael, additional, and Ormseth, Michelle J., additional

Published
2024
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27. NEURAL ENCODING OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN THE DORSAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX OF OCTODON DEGUS

Author

Hanni, Patrick David and Hanni, Patrick David

Abstract

The medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) can be thought of as the pre-motor cortex decision-making area in the brain (Fine & Hayden, 2021), where the activity then dictates “action plans” in a hierarchy of goals. Within the mPFC, the dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex (dACC) has specifically displayed activity leading to behavioral change such as exploration and changes in social stimuli interactions; however, the specifics for the stimuli whether it be a novel animal or a specific action outcome that determines the neuronal firing patterns in the dACC are unknown. For this reason, 12 tetrodes recording electrophysiological data during social and object investigation were implanted into the dACC of the Octodon Degu, a rodent model starting to be used in social cognitive studies. The subjects were implanted and then once healed, placed in a chamber and exposed to a battery of social interactions with random conspecifics or novel objects, counterbalancing the order and chamber location to ensure minimize experimental confounds. In the current report, evidence presenting support of neuronal encoding for social situations is provided by a significant difference between firing rates of social/non-social behaviors within neurons using Rank Sum tests, displaying the potential that the dACC encodes social contextual behaviors on the reflexive self.

Published
2024

29. Behaviour of cold-formed steel portal frames at ambient and elevated temperatures

Author

Johnston, Ross Patrick David

Subjects
624.1
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the design development of cold-formed steel portal frames at both ambient and elevated temperatures. A full-scale site test was carried out to determine the behaviour in fire, of a portal frame structure comprised entirely from cold-formed steel. Laboratory component tests were used to investigate joint behaviour at ambient temperature. Numerical modelling was used to extend the investigations without the need for further physical testing. Good agreement between the experimental tests and non-linear finite element (NLFEA) models was obtained. The finite element models were then used in an extended study, the purpose of which was to develop the basis for a performance based design approach. At ambient temperature, the inclusion of joint stiffness in models was demonstrated as important in order to accurately predict the behaviour of frames. Design recommendations are proposed that are based on both the experimental and finite element results. At elevated temperature, the importance of base fixity and in-plane restraint from side-rails was highlighted as being crucial in preventing undesirable outwards collapse. Design recommendations in the form of a mathematical model, protection advice and construction details are proposed, that are based on both the experimental and finite element results. In the absence of published design recommendations, the guidance and NLFEA shell model presented can be used by practicing engineers to assist in design of cold-formed steel portal frames in fire boundary conditions.

Published
2015

31. Testing Different Message Styles about Unnecessary Antibiotics Using an Online Platform.

Author

Stenlund, Säde, Appelt, Kirstin C., Ruby, Matthew B., Smith, Nick, Lishman, Hannah, and Patrick, David M.

Subjects
INAPPROPRIATE prescribing (Medicine), MEDICAL communication, ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship, DRUG resistance in bacteria, PHYSICIANS
Abstract

Patients' expectations are a major contributor to the unnecessary prescribing of antibiotics, yet limited research has examined how physicians can calibrate these expectations. The studies we conducted tested how varying messages could impact patients' expectations for antibiotics and their experience of medical appointments. All the participants read a short scenario about an appointment for mild sinusitis symptoms, with the patient's expectation of antibiotics. In Study 1, the participants (n = 1069) were randomly assigned to read a positively framed, neutral, or negatively framed message regarding unnecessary antibiotics. In Study 2, the participants (n = 1073) read a message emphasizing either the societal or personal harms of unnecessary antibiotics, or a message without additional rationale. None of our pre-registered hypotheses were supported, but our exploratory analyses indicated that the societal message increased concern about antibiotic resistance. The participants who were more concerned about resistance were less likely to ask for antibiotics, more satisfied when the physician did not prescribe them, and more likely to recommend the physician to a friend. Discussing the consequences of the different courses of action did not appear to negatively impact physician–patient rapport. These studies demonstrate an inexpensive method with which to pre-test various messages about antibiotic consumption, and suggest that such messages are not negatively received by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Vaccination against herpes zoster in developed countries

Author

Drolet, Mélanie, Oxman, Michael N, Levin, Myron J, Schmader, Kenneth E, Johnson, Robert W, Patrick, David, Mansi, James A, and Brisson, Marc

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Immunization, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Infectious Diseases, Biotechnology, Comparative Effectiveness Research, Vaccine Related, Clinical Research, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 3.4 Vaccines, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Developed Countries, Herpes Zoster, Herpes Zoster Vaccine, Herpesvirus 3, Human, Humans, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Vaccination, herpes zoster, postherpectic neuralgia, vaccination, cost-effectiveness, burden of illness, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Virology, Medical biotechnology, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Although progress has been made in the treatment of herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), available therapeutic options are only partially effective. Given evidence that a live-attenuated varicella-zoster-virus vaccine is effective at reducing the incidence of HZ, PHN and the burden of illness, policymakers and clinicians are being asked to make recommendations regarding the use of the zoster vaccine. In this report, we summarize the evidence regarding the: (1) burden of illness; (2) vaccine efficacy and safety; and (3) cost-effectiveness of vaccination, to assist evidence-based policy making and guide clinicians in their recommendations. First, there is general agreement that the overall burden of illness associated with HZ and PHN is substantial. Second, the safety and efficacy of the zoster vaccine at reducing the burden of illness due to HZ and the incidence of PHN have been clearly demonstrated in large placebo-controlled trials. However, uncertainty remains about the vaccine's duration of protection. Third, vaccination against HZ is likely to be cost-effective when the vaccine is given at approximately 65 y of age, if vaccine duration is longer than 10 y.

Published
2013

38. “Wond’rous Machines”: How Eighteenth-Century Harpsichords Managed the Human-Animal, Human-Machine Boundaries

Author

Bonczyk, Patrick David-Jung

Subjects
Music history, Science history, Art history, Android, France, Harpsichord, Mechanical Arts, Organology, Singerie
Abstract

The tenuous boundaries that separate humans, animals, and machines fascinate and sometimes unsettle us. In eighteenth-century France, conceptions of what differentiates humans from animals and machines became a sustained topic of interest in spaces that were public and private, recreational and intellectual. This dissertation argues that eighteenth-century harpsichords were porous sites where performers, composers, artisans, academics, and pedagogues negotiated the limits of these fragile boundaries. French harpsichords are at the center of my dissertation because they embodied an experimental collision of animal parts and other biomatter, complex machinery, and visual and musical performance. Taken together, I consider the ways that instruments had social import apart from sound production alone, expanding the definition of “instrument” beyond traditional organological studies of style in craftsmanship and musical aesthetics.I use an “entangled organology” that traces economic, technological, scientific, and environmental convergences to reveal the thick networks through which harpsichords traveled and the behavioral codes and motivations that instrument makers, performers, listeners, composers, and philosophers embedded into them. I follow the 1687 French embassy to Siam to show how harpsichords were crucial in intercultural, diplomatic exchanges as gifts, bribes, or as sources of teachable knowledge. I examine Jacques de Vaucanson’s 1738 flute-playing android to show how musical instruments mobilized debates in human anatomy and the mechanical arts. I then focus on bird and monkey genre paintings (singerie) on harpsichords’ surfaces to show how harpsichords evoked the contested human-animal divide. Next, I use Jean-Philippe Rameau’s harpsichord manual of 1724 and songbird pi�ce to narrate musical confrontations with nature between player and machine. Finally, I bring together early modern brain and nerve theories and an analysis of a pair of keyboard rondeaux by Joseph-Nicolas-Pancrace Royer to demonstrate how harpsichord music embraced neurocultural findings on the exceptionalism of human cognition over animals and machines. Drawing from historically informed performance practices, the history of the book, the history of science and technology, art history, and material culture, “Wond’rous Machines” questions implicit assumptions about music, music making, and the fixity of musical instruments to argue that there are kinds of musical engagements, or musicking, that conventional organologies cannot explain.

Published
2021

39. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canadian CHILD Cohort

Author

Azeez, Rilwan, primary, Lotoski, Larisa, additional, Dubeau, Aimée, additional, Rodriguez, Natalie, additional, Reyna, Myrtha E., additional, Freitas, Tyler, additional, Goguen, Stephanie, additional, Medeleanu, Maria, additional, Winsor, Geoffrey L., additional, Brinkman, Fiona S.L., additional, Cameron, Emily E., additional, Roos, Leslie, additional, Simons, Elinor, additional, Moraes, Theo J., additional, Mandhane, Piush J., additional, Turvey, Stuart E., additional, Bolotin, Shelly, additional, Wright, Kim, additional, McNeil, Deborah, additional, and Patrick, David M., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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40. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author

Rick, Anne-Marie, primary, Laurens, Matthew B., additional, Huang, Ying, additional, Yu, Chenchen, additional, Martin, Thomas C.S., additional, Rodriguez, Carina A., additional, Rostad, Christina A., additional, Maboa, Rebone M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, El Sahly, Hana M., additional, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, additional, Gray, Glenda E., additional, Gay, Cynthia L., additional, Gilbert, Peter B., additional, Janes, Holly E., additional, Kublin, James G., additional, Huang, Yunda, additional, Leav, Brett, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Struyf, Frank, additional, Dunkle, Lisa M., additional, Neuzil, Kathleen M., additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Goepfert, Paul A., additional, Walsh, Stephen R., additional, Follmann, Dean, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Adams, Atoya, additional, Miller, Eric, additional, Rankin, Bruce G., additional, Shinn, Steven, additional, Nash, Marshall, additional, Green, Sinikka L., additional, Jacobsen, Colleen, additional, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, additional, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, additional, Glover, Richard M., additional, Slechta, Stacy, additional, Holdeman, Troy, additional, Hartvickson, Robyn, additional, Grant, Amber, additional, Poling, Terry L., additional, Klein, Terry D., additional, Klein, Thomas C., additional, Klein, Tracy R., additional, Smith, William B., additional, Gibson, Richard L., additional, Winbigler, Jennifer, additional, Parker, Elizabeth, additional, Wijewardane, Priyantha N., additional, Bravo, Eric, additional, Thessing, Jeffrey, additional, Maxwell, Michelle, additional, Horn, Amanda, additional, Healy, Catherine Mary, additional, Akamine, Christine, additional, Chu, Laurence, additional, Chouteau, R. Michelle, additional, Cotugno, Michael J., additional, Bauer, George H., additional, Hachigian, Greg, additional, Oshita, Masaru, additional, Cancilla, Michael, additional, Kiersey, Kristen, additional, Seger, William, additional, Antwi, Mohammed, additional, Green, Allison, additional, Kim, Anthony, additional, Desjardins, Michael, additional, Johnson, Jennifer A., additional, Sherman, Amy, additional, Borger, Judith, additional, Saleem, Nafisa, additional, Solis, Joel, additional, Medina, Martha Carmen, additional, Keating, Westly, additional, Garcia, Edgar, additional, Bueno, Cynthia, additional, Segall, Nathan, additional, Denham, Douglas S., additional, Weiss, Thomas, additional, Avworo, Ayoade, additional, Hedges, Parke, additional, Strout, Cynthia Becher, additional, Santiago, Rica, additional, Davis, Yvonne, additional, Howenstine, Patty, additional, Bondell, Alison, additional, Marks, Kristin, additional, Wang, Tina, additional, Wilkin, Timothy, additional, Vogler, Mary, additional, Johnston, Carrie, additional, Andrasik, Michele P., additional, Andriesen, Jessica G., additional, Broder, Gail, additional, Eaton, Niles, additional, Gelderblom, Huub G., additional, McClennen, Rachael, additional, Michael, Nelson, additional, Robb, Merlin, additional, Sopher, Carrie, additional, Miller, Vicki E., additional, Santiago, Fredric, additional, Gomez, Blanca, additional, Valika, Insiya, additional, Starr, Amy, additional, Cantos, Valeria D., additional, Kandiah, Sheetal, additional, Rio, Carlos del, additional, Rouphael, Nadine, additional, Edupuganti, Srilatha, additional, Anderson, Evan J., additional, Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres, additional, Kamidani, Satoshi, additional, Teherani, Meghan, additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Malkin, Elissa, additional, Siegel, Marc, additional, Roberts, Afsoon, additional, Simon, Gary, additional, Balani, Bindu, additional, Stephenson, Carolene, additional, Sperber, Steven, additional, Cicogna, Cristina, additional, Zervos, Marcus J., additional, Kilgore, Paul, additional, Ramesh, Mayur, additional, Herc, Erica, additional, Zenlea, Kate, additional, Burgher, Abram, additional, Milliken, Ann M., additional, Davis, Joseph D., additional, Levy, Brendan, additional, Kelman, Sandra, additional, Doust, Matthew W., additional, Sample, Denise, additional, Erickson, Sandra, additional, Christensen, Shane G., additional, Matich, Christopher, additional, Longe, James, additional, Witbeck, John, additional, Peterson, James T., additional, Clark, Alexander, additional, Kelty, Gerald, additional, Pena-Renteria, Issac, additional, Koren, Michael J., additional, Bartilucci, Darlene, additional, Patel, Alpa, additional, Tran, Carolyn, additional, Kennelly, Christina, additional, Brownlee, Robert, additional, Coleman, Jacob, additional, Webster, Hala, additional, Fierro, Carlos A., additional, Leistner, Natalia, additional, Thompson, Amy, additional, Gonzalez, Celia, additional, Jackson, Lisa A., additional, Suyehira, Janice, additional, Haber, Milton, additional, Regalado, Maria M., additional, Procasky, Veronica, additional, Lutat, Alisha, additional, Griffin, Carl P., additional, Hollister, Ripley R., additional, Brown, Jeremy, additional, Ronk, Melody, additional, Harper, Wayne L., additional, Cohen, Lisa, additional, Eckert, Lynn, additional, Hong, Matthew, additional, Rouhbakhsh, Rambod, additional, Danford, Elizabeth, additional, Johnson, John, additional, Calderone, Richard, additional, Khetan, Shishir K., additional, Olanrewaju, Oyebisi, additional, Zhai, Nan, additional, Nieves, Kimberly, additional, O'Brien, Allison, additional, Bradley, Paul S., additional, Lilienthal, Amanda, additional, Callis, Jim, additional, Brosz, Adam B., additional, Clement, Andrea, additional, West, Whitney, additional, Friesen, Luke, additional, Cramer, Paul, additional, Eder, Frank S., additional, Little, Ryan, additional, Engler, Victoria, additional, Rattenbury-Shaw, Heather, additional, Ensz, David J., additional, Oplinger, Allie, additional, Essink, Brandon J., additional, Meyer, Jay, additional, Raiser, Frederick, additional, Mueller, Kimberly, additional, Vrbicky, Keith W., additional, Harper, Charles, additional, Nutsch, Chelsie, additional, Lewis, Wendell, additional, Laflan, Cathy, additional, Whatley, Jordan L., additional, Harrell, Nicole, additional, Shannon, Amie, additional, Rowell, Crystal, additional, Dedon, Christopher, additional, Makhene, Mamodikoe, additional, Gottschlich, Gregory M., additional, Harden, Kate, additional, Gottschlich, Melissa, additional, Smith, Mary, additional, Powell, Richard, additional, Kimmel, Murray A., additional, Pinto, Simmy, additional, Vachris, Timothy P., additional, Hutchens, Mark, additional, Daniels, Stephen, additional, Wells, Margaret, additional, Van Der Leden, Mimi, additional, Jackson-Booth, Peta-Gay, additional, Baron, Mira, additional, Kane, Pamela, additional, Seversen, Shannen, additional, Kryvicky, Mara, additional, Lord, Julia, additional, Saleh, Jamshid, additional, Miles, Matthew, additional, Lupercio, Rafael, additional, McGettigan, John W., additional, Patton, Walter, additional, Brakema, Riemke, additional, Choquette, Karin, additional, McGettigan, Jonlyn, additional, Kirstein, Judith L., additional, Bernard, Marcia, additional, Manning, Mary Beth, additional, Rothenberg, Joan, additional, Briskin, Toby, additional, Roadman, Denise, additional, Tedder-Edwards, Sharita, additional, Schwartz, Howard I., additional, Mederos, Surisday, additional, Swaminathan, Shobha, additional, Nyaku, Amesika, additional, Varughese, Tilly, additional, DallaPiazza, Michelle, additional, Frey, Sharon E., additional, Graham, Irene, additional, Abate, Getahun, additional, Hoft, Daniel, additional, Allen, Leland N., additional, Edwards, Leslie A., additional, Davis, William S., additional, Mena, Jessica M., additional, Kutner, Mark E., additional, Caso, Jorge, additional, Moran, Maria Hernandez, additional, Carvajal, Marianela, additional, Mendez, Janet, additional, Wadsworth, Larkin T., additional, Adams, Michael R., additional, Iverson, Leslie, additional, Newberg, Joseph L., additional, Pearlman, Laura, additional, Nugent, Paul J., additional, Reynolds, Michele D., additional, Bashour, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Robert, additional, Sheth, Neil P., additional, Steil, Kenneth, additional, Toma, Ramy J., additional, Kirby, William, additional, Folmar, Pink, additional, Williams, Samantha, additional, Pickrell, Paul, additional, Mott, Stefanie, additional, Linebarger, Carol Ann, additional, Malbari, Hussain, additional, Pampe, David, additional, Fragoso, Veronica G., additional, Holloway, Lisa, additional, McKeown-Bragas, Cecilia, additional, Becker, Teresa, additional, Williams, Barton G., additional, Jones, William H., additional, Clark, Jesse L., additional, Shoptaw, Steven, additional, Vertucci, Michele, additional, Hernandez, Will, additional, Spector, Stephen A., additional, Moodley, Amaran, additional, Blumenthal, Jill, additional, Stangl, Lisa, additional, Deutsch, Karen, additional, Mullane, Kathleen M., additional, Pitrak, David, additional, Nuss, Cheryl, additional, Pi, Judy, additional, Fichtenbaum, Carl, additional, Powers-Fletcher, Margaret, additional, Saemann, Michelle, additional, Kohrs, Sharon, additional, Campbell, Thomas B., additional, Lauria, Andrew, additional, Mancilla, Jose C., additional, Dunlevy, Hillary, additional, Novak, Richard M., additional, Wendrow, Andrea, additional, Borgetti, Scott, additional, Ladner, Ben, additional, Chrisley, Lisa, additional, Young, Cheryl, additional, Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, additional, Alcaide, Maria L., additional, Gonzales-Zamora, Jose, additional, Morris, Stephen, additional, Wohl, David, additional, Eron, Joseph, additional, Frank, Ian, additional, Dunbar, Debora, additional, Metzger, David, additional, Momplaisir, Florence, additional, Martin, Judith, additional, Hoberman, Alejandro, additional, Shope, Timothy, additional, Muniz, Gysella, additional, Rupp, Richard, additional, Stanford, Amber, additional, Berman, Megan, additional, Porterfield, Laura, additional, Lewis, Michael, additional, Ghadishah, Elham, additional, Yusin, Joseph, additional, Pham, Mai, additional, Creech, Clarence B., additional, Walker, Shannon, additional, Rolsma, Stephanie, additional, Samuels, Robert, additional, Thomsen, Isaac, additional, Kalams, Spyros A., additional, Wilson, Greg, additional, Lucksinger, Gregg H., additional, Parks, Kevin, additional, Israelsen, Ryan, additional, Ostovar, Jaleh, additional, Kelly, Kary, additional, Overcash, Jeffrey S., additional, Chu, Hanh, additional, Lee, Kia, additional, De La Cruz, Luis I., additional, Clemons, Steve, additional, Everette, Elizabeth, additional, Studdard, Suzanna, additional, Mohan, Gowdhami, additional, Tyson, Stefanie, additional, Peay, Alyssa-Kay, additional, Johnson, Danyel, additional, Feldman, Gregory J., additional, Suen, May-Yin, additional, Muenzner, Jacqueline, additional, Boscia, Joseph, additional, Siddiqui, Farhan, additional, Sanders, John, additional, Peacock, James, additional, Nasim, Julio, additional, Levin, Michael L., additional, Hussey, Julie, additional, Kulic, Marcy, additional, McKenzie, Mark M., additional, Deese, Teresa, additional, Osmundsen, Erica, additional, Sweet, Christy, additional, Ebuh, Valentine M., additional, Elnagar, Elwaleed, additional, Ebuh, Georgette, additional, Iwuala, Genevieve, additional, Han-Conrad, Laurie J., additional, Simmons, Todd, additional, Tarakjian, Denis, additional, Ackermann, Jeremy, additional, Adams, Mark S., additional, Alemán, José O., additional, Al-Ibrahim, Mohamed S., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Andrews, Jeb, additional, Arduino, Roberto C., additional, Bäcker, Martín, additional, Badillo, Diana, additional, Bainbridge, Emma, additional, Batteiger, Teresa A., additional, Bazan, Jose A., additional, Bedimo, Roger J., additional, Benitez, Jorge A., additional, Bennett, Annette R., additional, Bernstein, David I., additional, Bialobok, Kristin, additional, Boas, Rebecca, additional, Brady, Judith, additional, Brown, Cynthia, additional, Bunce, Catherine A., additional, Call, Robert S., additional, Campbell, Wesley, additional, Carmody, Ellie, additional, Carpenter, Christopher, additional, Carsons, Steven E., additional, Castellon, Marvin, additional, Castro, Mario, additional, Catan, Hannah, additional, Chang, Jennifer, additional, Chebib, Mouna G., additional, Chen, Corey M., additional, Cheng, Margaret, additional, Chow, Brian D.W., additional, Ciambruschini, Annie, additional, Connor, Joseph P., additional, Conway, James H., additional, Cooney, Maureen, additional, Curlin, Marcel, additional, De La Matta Rodriguez, Claudia, additional, Dedon, Jon F., additional, Degan, Emily, additional, Dickey, Michelle, additional, Dietz, Craig, additional, Dong, Jennifer L., additional, Dorcely, Brenda, additional, Dube, Michael P., additional, Dyer, Carmel B., additional, Eckhardt, Benjamin, additional, Ellerbeck, Edward, additional, Ewers, Evan C., additional, Falk, Amy, additional, Feijoo, Brittany, additional, Felsen, Uriel R., additional, Fiel, Tom, additional, Fitz-Patrick, David, additional, Fogarty, Charles M., additional, Ford, Stacy, additional, Forero, Lina M., additional, Formentini, Elizabeth, additional, Franco-Vitteri, Doris, additional, Frenck, Robert W., additional, Gharib, Elie, additional, Gharib, Suzanne, additional, Rucker, Rola G., additional, Goldenberg, James N., additional, González, Luis H., additional, Gray, Brett, additional, Greene, Rusty, additional, Grossberg, Robert M., additional, Guanira-Carranza, Juan V., additional, Guerreros Benavides, Alfredo Gilberto, additional, Guillory, Clint C., additional, Gunaratne, Shauna H., additional, Halpert, David, additional, Hamilton, Holli, additional, Hartman, William R., additional, Henderson, Sheryl L., additional, Herati, Ramin, additional, Guarin, Laura Hernandez, additional, Hilder, Robin, additional, Ho, Ken, additional, Hojat, Leila, additional, Hosek, Sybil G., additional, Jacobson, Jeffrey M., additional, Jay, Melanie, additional, Johnson, Diane H., additional, Jones, Kathleen S., additional, Jones-López, Edward C., additional, Justman, Jessica E., additional, Kahney, Scott, additional, Katz, Lois, additional, Katz, Melinda, additional, Kaul, Daniel, additional, Keefer, Michael C., additional, Kennedy, Ashley, additional, Knishinsky, Jennifer, additional, Kogelman, Laura, additional, Koletar, Susan L., additional, Kottkamp, Angelica, additional, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, additional, Landovitz, Raphael J., additional, Lee, Jessica L., additional, Liu, Albert, additional, Llerena Zegarra, Eneyda Giuvanela, additional, Lok, Anna S., additional, Lovell, James, additional, Lubelchek, Ronald, additional, Lucaj, John, additional, Luckasen, Gary, additional, Luetkemeyer, Annie, additional, Lugogo, Njira Lucia, additional, Maenza, Janine, additional, Malvestutto, Carlos, additional, Mauri, Monica, additional, Maves, Ryan C., additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McCartney, Michael J., additional, McCort, Margaret E., additional, McElrath, M. Juliana, additional, McNairy, Meredith, additional, Merino, Fernando L., additional, Meyerowitz, Eric A., additional, Mitchell, Carol L., additional, Monaco, Cynthia L., additional, Muhammad, Sauda, additional, Muñoz-Gómez, Sigridh, additional, Munsiff, Sonal, additional, Nee, Paul, additional, Nollen, Nicole L., additional, Noor, Asif, additional, Lagos, Claudio Nuñez, additional, Okulicz, Jason F., additional, Oliver, Patrick A., additional, Ortega, Jessica, additional, Palmer, Steven, additional, Parameswaran, Lalitha, additional, Parikh, Purvi, additional, Parker, Susan, additional, Parungao, Reza, additional, Pavie, Juana R., additional, Madan, Rebecca P., additional, Peralta, Henry, additional, Petts, Jennifer, additional, Pierce, Kristen K., additional, Pretell Alva, E. Javier, additional, Purpura, Lawrence J., additional, Raabe, Vanessa, additional, Recuenco, Sergio E., additional, Richards, Tamara, additional, Riddler, Sharon A., additional, Rizzardi, Barbara, additional, Rokser, Rachel, additional, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, additional, Rosen, Adam, additional, Rosen, Jeffrey, additional, Freese, Lena R., additional, Santolaya, María E., additional, Schipani, Linda M., additional, Schwartz, Adam, additional, Schwasinger-Schmidt, Tiffany, additional, Scott, Hyman, additional, Sha, Beverly E., additional, Shankaran, Shivanjali, additional, Shapiro, Adrienne E., additional, Sharp, Stephan C., additional, Shopsin, Bo, additional, Sims, Matthew D., additional, Skipper, Stephanie, additional, Smith, Derek M., additional, Smith, Michael J., additional, Sobhanie, M. Mahdee, additional, Sovic, Brit, additional, Sterling, Stephanie, additional, Striker, Robert, additional, Tafur Bances, Karla Beatriz, additional, Talaat, Kawsar R., additional, Tavel, Edward M., additional, Tieu, Hong V., additional, Tomaszewski, Christian, additional, Tomlinson, Ryan, additional, Torres, Juan P., additional, Torres, Julian A., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Tukuru, Sade, additional, Ulrich, Robert J., additional, Utz, Gregory C., additional, Viar, Veronica, additional, Viau Colindres, Roberto A., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Mary C., additional, Walter, Emmanuel B., additional, Weidler, Jessica L., additional, Wu, Yi H., additional, Yang, Kinara S., additional, Yrivarren Giorza, Juan Luis, additional, Zemanek, Arthur L., additional, Zhang, Kevin, additional, Zingman, Barry S., additional, Gorman, Richard, additional, Paez, Carmen A., additional, Swann, Edith, additional, Takuva, Simbarashe G., additional, Greninger, Alex, additional, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, additional, Coombs, Robert W., additional, Jerome, Keith R., additional, Castellino, Flora, additional, Tong, Xiaomi, additional, Pavetto, Corrina, additional, Gipson, Teletha, additional, Tong, Tina, additional, Lee, Marina, additional, Zhou, James, additional, Fay, Michael, additional, McQuarrie, Kelly, additional, Nnadi, Chimeremma, additional, Sogbetun, Obiageli, additional, Ahmad, Nina, additional, De Proost, Ian, additional, Hoseyni, Cyrus, additional, Coplan, Paul, additional, Khan, Najat, additional, Ronco, Peter, additional, Furey, Dawn, additional, Meck, Jodi, additional, Vingerhoets, Johan, additional, Brandenburg, Boerries, additional, Custers, Jerome, additional, Hendriks, Jenny, additional, Juraszek, Jarek, additional, Marit de Groot, Anne, additional, Van Roey, Griet, additional, Heerwegh, Dirk, additional, Van Dromme, Ilse, additional, Méndez Galván, Jorge F., additional, Carrascal, Monica B., additional, Duran, Adriana Sordo, additional, Sanchez Guerrero, Laura Ruy, additional, Gómora Madrid, Martha Cecilia, additional, Barrat Hernández, Alejandro Quintín, additional, Guizar, Sharzhaad Molina, additional, González Estrada, Denisse Alejandra, additional, Martínez Pérez, Silvano Omar, additional, Zárate Hinojosa, Zindy Yazmín, additional, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo Miguel, additional, Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio, additional, Pacheco-Flores, Janeth, additional, Lara, Anyela, additional, Díaz-Miralrio, Secia, additional, Reyes Fentanes, María José, additional, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn Zuleica, additional, Méndez, Daniela Pineda, additional, Martínez, Karina Cano, additional, Alvarez León, Winniberg Stephany, additional, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, additional, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, additional, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, additional, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, additional, Ortega Domínguez, Sandra Janeth, additional, Chacón, Jorge A., additional, Rivera, Juan J., additional, Cutz, Erika A., additional, Ortegón, Maricruz E., additional, Rivera, María I., additional, Browder, David, additional, Burch, Cortney, additional, Moye, Terri, additional, Bondy, Paul, additional, Browder, Lesley, additional, Manning, Rickey D., additional, Hurst, James W., additional, Sturgeon, Rodney E., additional, Wakefield, Paul H., additional, Kirby, John A., additional, Andersen, James, additional, Fearon, Szheckera, additional, Negron, Rosa, additional, Medina, Amy, additional, Hill, John M., additional, Rajasekhar, Vivek, additional, Williams, Hayes, additional, Cade, LaShondra, additional, Fouts, Rhodna, additional, Moya, Connie, additional, Anderson, Corey G., additional, Devine, Naomi, additional, Ramsey, James, additional, Perez, Ashley, additional, Tatelbaum, David, additional, Jacobs, Michael, additional, Menasche, Kathleen, additional, Mirkil, Vincent, additional, Winkle, Peter J., additional, Haggag, Amina Z., additional, Haynes, Michelle, additional, Villegas, Marysol, additional, Raja, Sabina, additional, Riesenberg, Robert, additional, Plavin, Stanford, additional, Lerman, Mark, additional, Woodside, Leana, additional, Johnson, Maria, additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Whitaker, Jennifer A., additional, Keitel, Wendy A., additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Horwith, Gary, additional, Mason, Robin, additional, Johnson, Lisa, additional, Dora, Tambra, additional, Murray, Deborah, additional, Ledbetter, Logan, additional, Ewing, Beverly, additional, Stephenson, Kathryn E., additional, Tan, Chen S., additional, Zash, Rebecca, additional, Ansel, Jessica L., additional, Jaegle, Kate, additional, Guiney, Caitlin J., additional, Henderson, Jeffrey A., additional, O'Leary, Marcia, additional, Enright, Kendra, additional, Kessler, Jill, additional, Ducheneaux, Pete, additional, Inniss, Asha, additional, Brandon, Donald M., additional, Davis, William B., additional, Lawler, Daniel T., additional, Oppong, Yaa D., additional, Starr, Ryan P., additional, Syndergaard, Scott N., additional, Shelly, Rozeli, additional, Majumder, Mashrur Islam, additional, Sugimoto, Danny, additional, Dugas, Jeffrey, additional, Rijos, Dolores, additional, Shelton, Sandra, additional, Hong, Stephan, additional, Schwartz, Howard, additional, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia, additional, Schwartz, Jennifer, additional, Piedra, Terry, additional, Corral, Barbara, additional, Medina, Carmen, additional, Dever, Michael E., additional, Shah, Mitul, additional, Delgado, Michael, additional, Scott, Tameika, additional, Usdan, Lisa S., additional, McGill, Lora J., additional, Arnold, Valerie K., additional, Scatamacchia, Carolyn, additional, Anthony, Codi M., additional, Merchant, Rajan, additional, Yoon, Anelgine C., additional, Hill, Janet, additional, Ng-Price, Lucy, additional, Thompson-Seim, Teri, additional, Ackerman, Ronald, additional, Ackerman, Jamie, additional, Aristy, Florida, additional, Ketter, Nzeera, additional, Finley, Jon, additional, Stull, Mildred, additional, Murray, Monica, additional, Rizvi, Zainab, additional, Guerrero, Sonia, additional, Paliwal, Yogesh K., additional, Paliwal, Amit, additional, Gordon, Sarah, additional, Gordon, Bryan, additional, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, additional, Galloway, Christopher, additional, Montros, Candice, additional, Aleman, Lily, additional, Shairi, Samira, additional, Van Ever, Wesley, additional, Freeman, George H., additional, Harmon, Esther L., additional, Cross, Marshall A., additional, Sales, Kacie, additional, Gular, Catherine Q., additional, Hepburn, Matthew, additional, Alderson, Nathan, additional, Harshell, Shana, additional, Mahgoub, Siham, additional, Maxwell, Celia, additional, Mellman, Thomas, additional, Thompson, Karl M., additional, Wortman, Glenn, additional, Kingsley, Jeff, additional, Pixler, April, additional, Curry, LaKondria, additional, Afework, Sarah, additional, Swanson, Austin, additional, Jacqmein, Jeffry, additional, Bowers, Maggie, additional, Robison, Dawn, additional, Mosteller, Victoria, additional, Garvey, Janet, additional, Easley, Mary, additional, Kurnat, Rebecca J., additional, Cornelison, Raymond, additional, Gower, Shanda, additional, Schnitz, William, additional, Heinzig-Cartwright, Destiny S., additional, Lewis, Derek, additional, Newton, Fred E., additional, Duhart, Aeiress, additional, Watkins, Breanz, additional, Ball, Brandy, additional, York, Jill, additional, Pickle, Shelby, additional, Musante, David B., additional, Silver, William P., additional, Belhorn, Linda R., additional, Viens, Nicholas A., additional, Dellaero, David, additional, Patel, Priti, additional, Lisec, Kendra, additional, Safirstein, Beth, additional, Zapata, Luz, additional, Gonzalez, Lazaro, additional, Quevedo, Evelyn, additional, Irani, Farah, additional, Grillo, Joseph, additional, Potts, Amy, additional, White, Julie, additional, Flume, Patrick, additional, Headden, Gary, additional, Taylor, Brandie, additional, Warden, Ashley, additional, Chamberlain, Amy, additional, Jeanfreau, Robert, additional, Jeanfreau, Susan, additional, Matherne, Paul G., additional, Caldwell, Amy, additional, Stahl, Jessica, additional, Vowell, Mandy, additional, Newhouse, Lauren, additional, Berthaud, Vladimir, additional, Takizala, Zudi-Mwak, additional, Beninati, Genevieve, additional, Snell, Kimberly, additional, Baker, Sherrie, additional, Walker, James, additional, Harrison, Tavane, additional, Miller, Meagan, additional, Otto, Janet, additional, Gray, Roni, additional, Wilson, Christine, additional, Nemecek, Tiffany, additional, Harrington, Hannah, additional, Eppenbach, Sally, additional, Bourgeois, Tana, additional, Folsom, Lyndsea, additional, Holt, Gregory, additional, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, additional, Calderon, Rafael, additional, Lichtenberger, Paola, additional, Quintero, Jalima, additional, Martinez, Becky, additional, Immergluck, Lilly, additional, Johnson, Erica, additional, Chan, Austin, additional, Fas, Norberto, additional, Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia, additional, Khizer, Saadia, additional, Staben, Jonathan, additional, Beresnev, Tatiana, additional, Jahromi, Maryam, additional, Marovich, Mary A., additional, Hutter, Julia, additional, Nason, Martha, additional, Ledgerwood, Julie, additional, Mascola, John, additional, Leibowitz, Mark, additional, Morales, Fernanda, additional, Delgado, Mike, additional, Sanchez, Rosario, additional, Vega, Norma, additional, Áñez, Germán, additional, Albert, Gary, additional, Coston, Erin, additional, Desai, Chinar, additional, Dunbar, Haoua, additional, Eickhoff, Mark, additional, Garcia, Jenina, additional, Kautz, Margaret, additional, Lee, Angela, additional, Lewis, Maggie, additional, McGarry, Alice, additional, McKnight, Irene, additional, Nelson, Joy, additional, Newingham, Patrick, additional, Price-Abbott, Patty, additional, Reed, Patty, additional, Vegas, Diana, additional, Wilkinson, Bethanie, additional, Smith, Katherine, additional, Woo, Wayne, additional, Cho, Iksung, additional, Glenn, Gregory M., additional, Dubovsky, Filip, additional, Fried, David L., additional, Haughey, Lynne A., additional, Stanton, Ariana C., additional, Rameaka, Lisa Stevens, additional, Rosenberg, David, additional, Tomatsu, Lee, additional, Gonzalez, Viviana, additional, Manalo, Millie, additional, Grunstra, Bernard, additional, Quinn, Donald, additional, Claybrook, Phillip, additional, Olds, Shelby, additional, Dye, Amy, additional, Cannon, Kevin D., additional, Chadwick, Mesha M., additional, Jordan, Bailey, additional, Hussey, Morgan, additional, Nevarez, Hannah, additional, Kelley, Colleen F., additional, Chung, Michael, additional, Moran, Caitlin, additional, Rebolledo, Paulina, additional, Bacher, Christina, additional, Barranco-Santana, Elizabeth, additional, Rodriguez, Jessica, additional, Mendoza, Rafael, additional, Ruperto, Karen, additional, Olivieri, Odette, additional, Ocaña, Enrique, additional, Wylie, Paul E., additional, Henderson, Renea, additional, Jenson, Natasa, additional, Yang, Fan, additional, Kelley, Amy, additional, Finkelstein, Kenneth, additional, Beckmann, David, additional, Hutchins, Tanya, additional, Escallon, Sebastian 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Published
2023
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45. Developing International Classification of Disease code definitions for the study of enteric infection sequelae in Canada

Author

Galanis, Eleni, primary, Goshtasebi, Azita, additional, Hung, Yuen Wai, additional, Chan, Jonathan, additional, Matsell, Douglas, additional, Chapman, Kristine, additional, Kaplan, Gilaad, additional, Patrick, David, additional, Zhang, Bei Yuan, additional, Taylor, Marsha, additional, Panagiotoglou, Dimitra, additional, and Majowicz, Shannon, additional

Published
2023
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49. Laminated structures for sports mouthguards

Author

Patrick, David G.

Subjects
796.0289
Abstract

The aims and objectives of this study are to examine the role of mouthguards and the materials that are used for their manufacture, the heating process they undergo during manufacture and how the lamination of different materials into a multi-layered system to form a composite structure may affect the impact absorbing capabilities. The effect of heat on pEVA during the manufacturing process was investigated using an instrumented dropweight impact testing rig and a polariscope to observe internal stress as it was felt that the physical properties of the material could be adversely affected by this part of the process. Laminated structures, using several different materials, (pEVA, PMMA, silicone rubber, synthetic wax, modelling clay, soft denture lining material and a semi-solid synthetic rubber) were tested as it was felt that the lamination of different materials with a range of physical properties would exhibit less deformation and transmit less of the impact energy. To ascertain how a mouthguard may react during an impact event by simulation tests in the impact test rig. Methods: For the heat treatment of pEVA a furnace was used to heat the test material to near its' glass transition temperature (Tg) of 84'C ±3 'C. The material was brought up to Tg and held at that point for 10 minutes. The specimens were then removed from the furnace and allowed to cool to room temperature. Heat treated and non-heat treated samples were placed in a polariscope to observe stress within the material. Dropweight impact tests were conducted on all samples using an instrumented impact testing rig. All samples were circularly clamped and force-time and displacement-time plots obtained. The samples were placed again in the polariscope and any changes in stress were noted. To observe the processing effects of the manufacturing procedure five mouthguards were made on the same cast and were brought to various stages of completion. Different 'lay-ups' of pEVA along with laminations and sandwiches of pEVA, PMMA, silicone rubber, synthetic wax, modelling clay, semi-solid synthetic rubber and denture soft lining were also tested using the dropweight impact tester. For the impact simulation tests samples of 50mm. diameter were placed on top of a PMMA substrate, that was clamped in the impact rig, to see how the test sample would protect the substrate during impact. Results: The Peak Impact Force (PIF) of heat treated pEVA was lower (PIF<140N) than that of untreated pEVA (PIF=160N). The displacement of the heat treated sample during impact increased by 66%, (untreated pEVA>18mm centre displacement, heat treated pEVA >30mm centre displacement). Digital photographic images from the polariscope show that the heat treatment of pEVA virtually eliminates stress and following impact the amount of stress, seen photoelastically, was also reduced. Images of material in the polariscope also indicate that the finishing techniques employed during the manufacturing process have a direct effect on the stress distribution within the mouthguard. A 5mm laminated structure of pEVA, PMMA and silicone rubber was able to absorb more impact energy (PIF = 275N) and exhibited less deformation (1.4mm) than that of a monolithic structure of 5mrn heat treated pEVA (PIF <140N, displacement >30mm). Simulation tests showed that the 5mm. thick pEVA protected the PMMA better (PIF = 325, displacement 6.8mm) than the Imm pEVA (PIF = 340, displacement 7.7mm). Conclusions: The mouthguard forming process has a direct effect on the internal stresses of pEVA and therefore its physical response. When pEVA is laminated with PMMA and silicone rubber the impact absorbing capabilities are better than a monolithic structure of pEVA. Mouthguards for use in contact sports, therefore, should incorporate a laminated section of pEVA, PMMA and silicone rubber. Simulation tests show that 5mm thick samples protect a substrate more effectively than I- 4mm test samples.

Published
2005

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