Search

Your search keyword '"Patel, Sameer"' showing total 405 results
Start Over Author "Patel, Sameer" Search Limiters Available in Library Collection
405 results on '"Patel, Sameer"'

2. Neutrino propagation through Earth: modeling uncertainties using nuPyProp

Author

Garg, Diksha, Reno, Mary Hall, Patel, Sameer, Ruestle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, tau neutrino fluxes from astrophysical point sources can be detected by tau-lepton-induced extensive air showers (EASs). Both muon neutrino and tau neutrino induced upward-going EAS signals can be detected by terrestrial, sub-orbital and satellite-based instruments. The sensitivity of these neutrino telescopes can be evaluated with the nuSpaceSim package, which includes the nuPyProp simulation package. The nuPyProp package propagates neutrinos ($\nu_\mu$, $\nu_\tau$) through the Earth to produce the corresponding charged leptons (muons and tau-leptons). We use nuPyProp to quantify the uncertainties from Earth density models, tau depolarization effects and photo-nuclear electromagnetic energy loss models in the charged lepton exit probabilities and their spectra. The largest uncertainties come from electromagnetic energy loss modeling, with as much as a 20-50% difference between the models. We compare nuPyProp results with other simulation package results., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings for International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2023

Published
2023

3. Developing Consensus on Clinical Outcomes for Children with Mild Pneumonia: A Delphi Study.

Author

Florin, Todd, Melnikow, Joy, Gosdin, Melissa, Ciuffetelli, Ryan, Benedetti, Jillian, Ballard, Dustin, Gausche-Hill, Marianne, Kronman, Matthew, Martin, Lisa, Mistry, Rakesh, Neuman, Mark, Palazzi, Debra, Patel, Sameer, Self, Wesley, Shah, Samir, Shah, Sonal, Sirota, Susan, Cruz, Andrea, Ruddy, Richard, Gerber, Jeffrey, and Kuppermann, Nathan

Subjects
Delphi, antibiotics, clinical trials, outcomes, pneumonia, Humans, Child, Consensus, Delphi Technique, Pneumonia, Dyspnea, Community-Acquired Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Oxygen
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The absence of consensus for outcomes in pediatric antibiotic trials is a major barrier to research harmonization and clinical translation. We sought to develop expert consensus on study outcomes for clinical trials of children with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: Applying the Delphi method, a multispecialty expert panel ranked the importance of various components of clinical response and treatment failure outcomes in children with mild CAP for use in research. During Round 1, panelists suggested additional outcomes in open-ended responses that were added to subsequent rounds of consensus building. For Rounds 2 and 3, panelists were provided their own prior responses and summary statistics for each item in the previous round. The consensus was defined by >70% agreement. RESULTS: The expert panel determined that response to and failure of treatment should be addressed at a median of 3 days after initiation. Complete or substantial improvement in fever, work of breathing, dyspnea, tachypnea when afebrile, oral intake, and activity should be included as components of adequate clinical response outcomes. Clinical signs and symptoms including persistent or worsening fever, work of breathing, and reduced oral intake should be included in treatment failure outcomes. Interventions including receipt of parenteral fluids, supplemental oxygen, need for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, and change in prescription of antibiotics should also be considered in treatment failure outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical response and treatment failure outcomes determined by the consensus of this multidisciplinary expert panel can be used for pediatric CAP studies to provide objective data translatable to clinical practice.

Published
2023

4. Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with $\texttt{nuPyProp}$

Author

Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Reustle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the $\tau$-lepton and muons that emerge. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the $\texttt{nuSpaceSim}$ code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for $\tau$-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ code is open source, available on Github., Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures, fixed typo in one of the author's name. Code available at https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Tau depolarization at very high energies for neutrino telescopes

Author

Argüelles, Carlos A., Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, and Safa, Ibrahim

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The neutrino interaction length scales with energy, and becomes comparable to Earth's diameter above 10's of TeV energies. Over terrestrial distances, the tau's short lifetime leads to an energetic regenerated tau neutrino flux, tau neutrino to tau to tau neutrino, within the Earth. The next generation of neutrino experiments aim to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos. Many of them rely on detecting either the regenerated tau neutrino, or a tau decay shower. Both of these signatures can be affected by the polarization of the tau through the energy distribution of the secondary particles produced from the tau's decay. While taus produced in weak interactions are nearly 100 percent polarized, it is expected that taus experience some depolarization due to electromagnetic interactions in the Earth. In this paper, for the first time we quantify the depolarization of taus in electromagnetic energy loss. We find that tau depolarization has only small effects on the final energy of tau neutrinos or taus produced by high energy tau neutrinos incident on the Earth. Tau depolarization can be directly implemented in Monte Carlo simulations such as nuPyProp and TauRunner., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, corrected typos, added another figure. Published in the journal Physical Review D

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author

Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 155 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 69 endorsers, comments welcome, Contribution to Snowmass 2021. v2: published version

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Monte Carlo simulations of neutrino and charged lepton propagation in the Earth with nuPyProp

Author

Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis, Bergman, Douglas, Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin, Eser, Johannes, Guépin, Claire, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Olinto, Angela, Paul, Thomas, Reustle, Alex, Romero-Wolf, Andrew, Sarazin, Fred, Venters, Tonia, Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

An accurate modeling of neutrino flux attenuation and the distribution of leptons they produce in transit through the Earth is an essential component to determine neutrino flux sensitivities of underground, sub-orbital and space-based detectors. Through neutrino oscillations over cosmic distances, astrophysical neutrino sources are expected to produce nearly equal fluxes of electron, muon and tau neutrinos. Of particular interest are tau neutrinos that interact in the Earth at modest slant depths to produce $\tau$-leptons. Some $\tau$-leptons emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce extensive air showers. Future balloon-borne and satellite-based optical Cherenkov neutrino telescopes will be sensitive to upward air showers from tau neutrino induced $\tau$-lepton decays. We present nuPyProp, a python code that is part of the nuSpaceSim package. nuPyProp generates look-up tables for exit probabilities and energy distributions for $\nu_\tau\to \tau$ and $\nu_\mu\to \mu$ propagation in the Earth. This flexible code runs with either stochastic or continuous electromagnetic energy losses for the lepton transit through the Earth. Current neutrino cross section models and energy loss models are included along with templates for user input of other models. Results from nuPyProp are compared with other recent simulation packages for neutrino and charged lepton propagation. Sources of modeling uncertainties are described and quantified., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, PoS(ICRC2021)1203; for associated code, see https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. VTSCat - The VERITAS Catalog of Gamma Ray Observations

Author

Patel, Sameer, Maier, Gernot, and Kaaret, Philip

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a catalog of results of gamma-ray observations made by VERITAS, published from 2008 to 2020. VERITAS is a ground based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope observatory located at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) in southern Arizona, sensitive to gamma-ray photons with energies in the range of ~100 GeV - 30 TeV. Its observation targets include galactic sources such as binary star systems, pulsar wind nebulae, and supernova remnants, extragalactic sources like active galactic nuclei, star forming galaxies, and gamma-ray bursts, and some unidentified objects. The catalog includes in digital form all of the high-level science results published in 112 papers using VERITAS data and currently contains data on 57 sources. The catalog has been made accessible via GitHub and at NASA's HEASARC., Comment: 8 pages; https://pos.sissa.it/395/812/

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Indoor emissions of total and fluorescent supermicron particles during HOMEChem

Author

Tian, Yilin, Arata, Caleb, Boedicker, Erin, Lunderberg, David M, Patel, Sameer, Sankhyan, Sumit, Kristensen, Kasper, Misztal, Pawel K, Farmer, Delphine K, Vance, Marina, Novoselac, Atila, Nazaroff, William W, and Goldstein, Allen H

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Engineering, Health Sciences, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cooking, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Humans, Particle Size, Particulate Matter, cooking, fluorescent particle, human activity, particulate matter, sources, surface deposition, Medical and Health Sciences, Building & Construction, Earth sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Inhalation of particulate matter is associated with adverse health outcomes. The fluorescent portion of supermicron particulate matter has been used as a proxy for bioaerosols. The sources and emission rates of fluorescent particles in residential environments are not well-understood. Using an ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer (UVAPS), emissions of total and fluorescent supermicron particles from common human activities were investigated during the HOMEChem campaign, a test-house investigation of the chemistry of indoor environments. Human occupancy and activities, including cooking and mopping, were found to be considerable sources of indoor supermicron fluorescent particles, which enhanced the indoor particle concentrations by two orders of magnitude above baseline levels. The estimated total (fluorescent) mass emission rates for the activities tested were in the range of 4-30 (1-11) mg per person meal for cooking and 0.1-4.9 (0.05-4.7) mg/h for occupancy and mopping. Model calculations indicate that, once released, the dominant fate of coarse particles (2.5-10 micrometer in diameter) was deposition onto indoor surfaces, allowing for the possibility of subsequent resuspension and consequent exposures over durations much longer than the ventilation time scale. Indoor coarse particle deposition would also contribute to soiling of indoor surfaces.

Published
2021

15. A novel preoperative risk score to optimize patient selection for performing concomitant liver resection with cytoreductive surgery/HIPEC

Author

Lee, Rachel M, Gamboa, Adriana C, Turgeon, Michael K, Zaidi, Mohammad Y, Kimbrough, Charles, Leiting, Jennifer, Grotz, Travis, Lee, Andrew J, Fournier, Keith, Powers, Benjamin, Dineen, Sean, Baumgartner, Joel M, Veerapong, Jula, Mogal, Harveshp, Clarke, Callisia, Wilson, Gregory, Patel, Sameer, Hendrix, Ryan, Lambert, Laura, Pokrzywa, Courtney, Abbott, Daniel E, LaRocca, Christopher J, Raoof, Mustafa, Greer, Jonathan, Johnston, Fabian M, Staley, Charles A, Cloyd, Jordan M, Maithel, Shishir K, and Russell, Maria C

Subjects
Clinical Research, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Patient Safety, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Cancer, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.4 Surgery, Appendiceal Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion, Colorectal Neoplasms, Combined Modality Therapy, Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hepatectomy, Humans, Hyperthermia, Induced, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Selection, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Preoperative Care, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, appendiceal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, HIPEC, liver resection, risk score, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Oncology & Carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundWhile parenchymal hepatic metastases were previously considered a contraindication to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), liver resection (LR) is increasingly performed with CRS/HIPEC.MethodsPatients from the US HIPEC Collaborative (2000-2017) with invasive appendiceal or colorectal adenocarcinoma undergoing primary, curative intent CRS/HIPEC with CC0-1 resection were included. LR was defined as a formal parenchymal resection. Primary endpoints were postoperative complications and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 658 patients were included. About 83 (15%) underwent LR of colorectal (58%) or invasive appendiceal (42%) metastases. LR patients had more complications (81% vs. 60%; p = .001), greater number of complications (2.3 vs. 1.5; p

Published
2021

17. Implications of Postoperative Complications for Survival After Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of the US HIPEC Collaborative

Author

Gamboa, Adriana C, Lee, Rachel M, Turgeon, Michael K, Zaidi, Mohammad Y, Kimbrough, Charles W, Grotz, Travis E, Leiting, Jennifer, Fournier, Keith, Lee, Andrew J, Dineen, Sean P, Powers, Benjamin D, Veerapong, Jula, Baumgartner, Joel M, Clarke, Callisia N, Mogal, Harveshp, Patel, Sameer H, Lee, Tiffany C, Lambert, Laura A, Hendrix, Ryan J, Abbott, Daniel E, Pokrzywa, Courtney, Raoof, Mustafa, Eng, Oliver S, Johnston, Fabian M, Greer, Jonathan, Cloyd, Jordan M, Maithel, Shishir K, and Staley, Charles A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Digestive Diseases, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Clinical Research, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Appendiceal Neoplasms, Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures, Female, Humans, Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, Male, Middle Aged, Peritoneal Neoplasms, Postoperative Complications, Retrospective Studies, Survival Rate, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

BackgroundPostoperative complications (POCs) are associated with worse oncologic outcomes in various cancer histologies. The impact of POCs on the survival of patients with appendiceal or colorectal cancer after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is unknown.MethodsThe US HIPEC Collaborative (2000-2017) was reviewed for patients who underwent CCR0/1 CRS/HIPEC for appendiceal/colorectal cancer. The analysis was stratified by noninvasive appendiceal neoplasm versus invasive appendiceal/colorectal adenocarcinoma. The POCs were grouped into infectious, cardiopulmonary, thromboembolic, and intestinal dysmotility. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsOf the 1304 patients, 33% had noninvasive appendiceal neoplasm (n = 426), and 67% had invasive appendiceal/colorectal adenocarcinoma (n = 878). In the noninvasive appendiceal cohort, POCs were identified in 55% of the patients (n = 233). The 3-year OS and RFS did not differ between the patients who experienced a complication and those who did not (OS, 94% vs 94%, p = 0.26; RFS, 68% vs 60%, p = 0.15). In the invasive appendiceal/colorectal adenocarcinoma cohort, however, POCs (63%; n = 555) were associated with decreased 3-year OS (59% vs 74%; p

Published
2020

18. Comparison of open and closed hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Results from the United States hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy collaborative

Author

Leiting, Jennifer L, Cloyd, Jordan M, Ahmed, Ahmed, Fournier, Keith, Lee, Andrew J, Dessureault, Sophie, Felder, Seth, Veerapong, Jula, Baumgartner, Joel M, Clarke, Callisia, Mogal, Harveshp, Staley, Charles A, Zaidi, Mohammad Y, Patel, Sameer H, Ahmad, Syed A, Hendrix, Ryan J, Lambert, Laura, Abbott, Daniel E, Pokrzywa, Courtney, Raoof, Mustafa, LaRocca, Christopher J, Johnston, Fabian M, Greer, Jonathan, and Grotz, Travis E

Subjects
Clinical Research, Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.4 Surgery, Mucinous appendiceal carcinoma, Cytoreductive surgery, Multi-institutional
Abstract

BackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis can be performed in two ways: Open or closed abdominal technique.AimTo evaluate the impact of HIPEC method on post-operative and long-term survival outcomes.MethodsPatients undergoing CRS with HIPEC from 2000-2017 were identified in the United States HIPEC collaborative database. Post-operative, recurrence, and overall survival outcomes were compared between those who received open vs closed HIPEC.ResultsOf the 1812 patients undergoing curative-intent CRS and HIPEC, 372 (21%) patients underwent open HIPEC and 1440 (79%) underwent closed HIPEC. There was no difference in re-operation or severe complications between the two groups. Closed HIPEC had higher rates of 90-d readmission while open HIPEC had a higher rate of 90-d mortalities. On multi-variable analysis, closed HIPEC technique was not a significant predictor for overall survival (hazards ratio: 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-1.10, P = 0.14) or recurrence-free survival (hazards ratio: 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.93, P = 0.05) in the entire cohort. These findings remained consistent in the appendiceal and the colorectal subgroups.ConclusionIn this multi-institutional analysis, the HIPEC method was not independently associated with relevant post-operative or long-term outcomes. HIPEC technique may be left to the discretion of the operating surgeon.

Published
2020

19. Indoor Particulate Matter during HOMEChem: Concentrations, Size Distributions, and Exposures

Author

Patel, Sameer, Sankhyan, Sumit, Boedicker, Erin K, DeCarlo, Peter F, Farmer, Delphine K, Goldstein, Allen H, Katz, Erin F, Nazaroff, William W, Tian, Yilin, Vanhanen, Joonas, and Vance, Marina E

Subjects
Lung, Adult, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Cooking, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Humans, Particle Size, Particulate Matter, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

It is important to improve our understanding of exposure to particulate matter (PM) in residences because of associated health risks. The HOMEChem campaign was conducted to investigate indoor chemistry in a manufactured test house during prescribed everyday activities, such as cooking, cleaning, and opening doors and windows. This paper focuses on measured size distributions of PM (0.001-20 μm), along with estimated exposures and respiratory-tract deposition. Number concentrations were highest for sub-10 nm particles during cooking using a propane-fueled stovetop. During some cooking activities, calculated PM2.5 mass concentrations (assuming a density of 1 g cm-3) exceeded 250 μg m-3, and exposure during the postcooking decay phase exceeded that of the cooking period itself. The modeled PM respiratory deposition for an adult residing in the test house kitchen for 12 h varied from 7 μg on a day with no indoor activities to 68 μg during a simulated day (including breakfast, lunch, and dinner preparation interspersed by cleaning activities) and rose to 149 μg during a simulated Thanksgiving day.

Published
2020

20. Surface Emissions Modulate Indoor SVOC Concentrations through Volatility-Dependent Partitioning

Author

Lunderberg, David M, Kristensen, Kasper, Tian, Yilin, Arata, Caleb, Misztal, Pawel K, Liu, Yingjun, Kreisberg, Nathan, Katz, Erin F, DeCarlo, Peter F, Patel, Sameer, Vance, Marina E, Nazaroff, William W, and Goldstein, Allen H

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Climate Action, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Housing, Particulate Matter, Volatile Organic Compounds, Volatilization, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Measurements by semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (SV-TAG) were used to investigate how semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) partition among indoor reservoirs in (1) a manufactured test house under controlled conditions (HOMEChem campaign) and (2) a single-family residence when vacant (H2 campaign). Data for phthalate diesters and siloxanes suggest that volatility-dependent partitioning processes modulate airborne SVOC concentrations through interactions with surface-laden condensed-phase reservoirs. Airborne concentrations of SVOCs with vapor pressures in the range of C13 to C23 alkanes were observed to be correlated with indoor air temperature. Observed temperature dependencies were quantitatively similar to theoretical predictions that assumed a surface-air boundary layer with equilibrium partitioning maintained at the air-surface interface. Airborne concentrations of SVOCs with vapor pressures corresponding to C25 to C31 alkanes correlated with airborne particle mass concentration. For SVOCs with higher vapor pressures, which are expected to be predominantly gaseous, correlations with particle mass concentration were weak or nonexistent. During primary particle emission events, enhanced gas-phase emissions from condensed-phase reservoirs partitioned to airborne particles, contributing substantially to organic particulate matter. An emission event related to oven-usage was inferred to deposit siloxanes in condensed-phase reservoirs throughout the house, leading to the possibility of reemission during subsequent periods with high particle loading.

Published
2020

21. Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on the Outcomes of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Review.

Author

Beal, Eliza W, Suarez-Kelly, Lorena P, Kimbrough, Charles W, Johnston, Fabian M, Greer, Jonathan, Abbott, Daniel E, Pokrzywa, Courtney, Raoof, Mustafa, Lee, Byrne, Grotz, Travis E, Leiting, Jennifer L, Fournier, Keith, Lee, Andrew J, Dineen, Sean P, Powers, Benjamin, Veerapong, Jula, Baumgartner, Joel M, Clarke, Callisia, Mogal, Harveshp, Russell, Marti C, Zaidi, Mohammed Y, Patel, Sameer H, Dhar, Vikrom, Lambert, Laura, Hendrix, Ryan J, Hays, John, Abdel-Misih, Sherif, and Cloyd, Jordan M

Subjects
colorectal peritoneal metastases, cytoreductive surgery, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Clinical Sciences
Abstract

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with improved survival for patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases (CR-PM). However, the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to CRS-HIPEC is poorly understood. A retrospective review of adult patients with CR-PM who underwent CRS+/-HIPEC from 2000-2017 was performed. Among 298 patients who underwent CRS+/-HIPEC, 196 (65.8%) received NAC while 102 (34.2%) underwent surgery first (SF). Patients who received NAC had lower peritoneal cancer index score (12.1 + 7.9 vs. 14.3 + 8.5, p = 0.034). There was no significant difference in grade III/IV complications (22.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.650), readmission (32.3% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.114), or 30-day mortality (1.5% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.411) between groups. NAC patients experienced longer overall survival (OS) (median 32.7 vs. 22.0 months, p = 0.044) but similar recurrence-free survival (RFS) (median 13.8 vs. 13.0 months, p = 0.456). After controlling for confounding factors, NAC was not independently associated with improved OS (OR 0.80) or RFS (OR 1.04). Among patients who underwent CRS+/-HIPEC for CR-PM, the use of NAC was associated with improved OS that did not persist on multivariable analysis. However, NAC prior to CRS+/-HIPEC was a safe and feasible strategy for CR-PM, which may aid in the appropriate selection of patients for aggressive cytoreductive surgery.

Published
2020

23. Magnetar Signature - The U Curve

Author

Soni, Vikram, Bhattacharya, Dipankar, Patel, Sameer, Gupta, Sajal, and Bera, Prasanta

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

This work looks at some definitive signatures of magnetars, in particular of period closures accompanied by a decline of X-ray radiation in two models. We review some of the previous works which are based on the well known dynamo model in which the star is born with a period of a few milliseconds at high temperatures. In such a convection regime the dynamo mechanism can amplify the the magnetic fields to the magnetar value. This is in contrast to a screened core model which posits that a high density phase transition occurs in the inner core of magnetars that dynamically aligns all the neutron magnetic moments producing a large magnetic field in the core. The accompanying change of flux gives rise to shielding or screening currents in the surrounding high conductivity plasma that do not permit the field to exit to the surface. Ambipolar diffusion then transports the field to the crust dissipating energy in neutrinos and X-rays. The up-welling field cleaves the crust resulting in flares and X-ray radiation from ohmic dissipation in the crust till the screening currents are spent and the surface polar field attains its final value. In the dynamo model the polar magnetic field decreases with time whereas in our screened model it increases to its final value. One consequence of this is that in the latter model, as a function of time and period, the ratio of the dipole radiation loss, $\dot E$ to the X-ray luminosity, $ L_X$, is a 'U' curve, indicating that it is the exponential decline in $L_X$, that brings closure to the periods that are observed for magnetars., Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Pharmacological targeting of the mitochondrial calcium-dependent potassium channel KCa3.1 triggers cell death and reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo

Author

Bachmann, Magdalena, Rossa, Andrea, Varanita, Tatiana, Fioretti, Bernard, Biasutto, Lucia, Milenkovic, Stefan, Checchetto, Vanessa, Peruzzo, Roberta, Ahmad, Syed A., Patel, Sameer H., Lukowski, Robert, Edwards, Michael J., Ceccarelli, Matteo, Gulbins, Erich, Zoratti, Mario, Mattarei, Andrea, and Szabo, Ildiko

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Characterising carbon cycle perturbations in the Cenomanian western interior seaway of North America

Author

Patel, Sameer Yogesh and Harding, Ian

Subjects
551.46
Abstract

As current global temperatures continue to rise at an accelerated pace, it is becoming increasingly important to examine how the planet has responded to previous periods of global warming in order to gain valuable insights into how the Earth system may react in the future. The mid-Cretaceous (~101-91 Ma) provides an excellent case study of a prolonged greenhouse climatic state, where high rates of oceanic crust production and enhanced large igneous province-related volcanism released vast quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Consequently, global temperatures reached their highest level for the past 450 Myr during the Cenomanian to Turonian stages, and peak sea levels led to the development of epeiric seas such as the Western Interior Seaway (WIS), which extended southwards from the northern Boreal Ocean, across central North America, and into the Tethys Ocean. Superimposed upon this greenhouse climate were a series of even more extreme climate perturbations, of which Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2), spanning the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (94.1 Ma), was the most prominent, globally widespread, extreme climatic event of the Late Cretaceous. OAE 2 represents a major global carbon cycle perturbation, during which enhanced marine productivity coupled with the expansion of oxygen minimum zones across global oceans led to the extensive deposition of organic-rich black shale deposits. An earlier Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE I; ~96.5 Ma) is taken to be a precursor to OAE 2, as it marks the beginning of a ~2 Myr oceanographic reorganisation during which bottom waters started to become increasingly oxygen-depleted. MCE I is identified on a global scale by a distinct dual-peaked positive carbon isotope excursion. However, with little evidence of widespread organic-rich mudrock deposition, most studies of MCE I are from carbonate-rich successions, thus limiting the range of analyses that can be undertaken. Here, a high-resolution, integrated organic and inorganic multi-proxy study of the Rebecca K Bounds-1 core from western Kansas has been undertaken in order to elucidate environmental and oceanographic changes during MCE I and the interval leading up to OAE 2 in the central-eastern WIS. MCE I is identified in an organic-rich sequence through a dual-peaked, positive organic carbon isotope excursion (MCE 1a and MCE 1b, respectively), and is determined to coincide with the establishment of a fully connected seaway that extended from the northern Boreal Ocean to the Tethyan Ocean in the south via the WIS in the mid-Cenomanian, as evidenced by diversified palynological, foraminiferal, and geochemical changes between MCE 1a and MCE 1b. Periodically enhanced planktic productivity is linked to ~50 kyr obliquity cycles across MCE I through cyclostratigraphic analysis. This heightened productivity is attributed to the strengthening of meridional winds during obliquity maxima, which may have increased upwelling-related nutrient input into Tethyan surface waters in equatorial regions. Palynological, redox-sensitive trace metal, lipid biomarker, and sedimentological data reveal that a complex dynamic oceanographic system prevailed in the central region of the WIS, with mixed early Cenomanian Tethyan-Boreal waters eventually being replaced by a northward migrating Tethyan water mass in the mid- to late Cenomanian. This situation prevailed until OAE 2 set in, when a rapid southward incursion of Boreal waters extended as far as the southern margin of the seaway. This multi-faceted study provides a new in-depth, high-resolution example of how Earth systems and environmental conditions reacted to periods of stressed, greenhouse climatic conditions.

Published
2017

31. Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells

Author

Carpinteiro, Alexander, Edwards, Michael J., Hoffmann, Markus, Kochs, Georg, Gripp, Barbara, Weigang, Sebastian, Adams, Constantin, Carpinteiro, Elisa, Gulbins, Anne, Keitsch, Simone, Sehl, Carolin, Soddemann, Matthias, Wilker, Barbara, Kamler, Markus, Bertsch, Thomas, Lang, Karl S., Patel, Sameer, Wilson, Gregory C., Walter, Silke, Hengel, Hartmut, Pöhlmann, Stefan, Lang, Philipp A., Kornhuber, Johannes, Becker, Katrin Anne, Ahmad, Syed A., Fassbender, Klaus, and Gulbins, Erich

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Use of the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve classification to define patterns of hospital antibiotic use (AWaRe): an analysis of paediatric survey data from 56 countries

Author

Irwin, Adam, Akula, Akhila, Bamford, Alasdair, Chang, Amanda, da Silva, Andre, Whitelaw, Andrew, Dramowski, Angela, Vasudevan, Anil Kumar, Sharma, Anita, Justicia, Antonio, Chikkappa, Ashok, Slowinska-Jarzabek, Barbara, Rippberger, Bianca, Zhao, Changan, Tersigni, Chiara, Cheng, Chinglan, Harkensee, Christian, Jing, Chuamei, Zhu, Chunmei, Li, Chunyan, Tagliabue, Claudia, Epalza, Cristina, Jacqueline, Daglish, Tian, Daiyin, Jinka, Dasaratha, Gkentzi, Despoina, Dharmapalan, Dhanya, Benadof, Dona, Papadimitriou, Eleni, Iosifidis, Elias, Roilides, Emmanuel, Yarci, Erbu, Majda-Stanisławska, Ewa, Gowin, Ewelina, Chappell, Faye, Torres, Federico Martinon, Collett-White, Francis, Liu, Gang, Lu, Gen, Syrogiannopoulos, George, Pitsava, Georgia, Alvarez-Uria, Gerardo, Renk, Hana, Mahmood, Hana, Saxen, Harri, Finlayson, Heather, Green, Helen, Rabie, Helena, Kandraju, Hemasree, Zhang, Hong, Okokon, Ita, Cross, Jack, Herberg, Jethro, Li, Jianping, Zhang, Jiaosheng, Deng, Jikui, Liu, Jing, Qian, Jing, Yang, Jinhong, Sicińska, Joanna, Hübner, Johannes, Fukuoka, Kahoru, Yao, Kaihu, Cheung, Kaman, Ojeda, Karla, Kaffe, Katerina, Kreitmeyer, Katharina, Doerholt, Katja, Grimwood, Keith, Ledoare, Kirsty, Vazouras, Konstantinos, Shen, Kunling, Tang, Lanfang, Zhang, Lehai, Lin, Li, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Liat, Wu, Lijuan, Wang, Lijun, Teston, Lilian, Galli, Luisa, Speirs, Lynne, Tsolia, Maria, Hufnagel, Markus, Knuf, Markus, Duse, Marzia, Ding, Mingjie, Rozic, Mojca, Premru, Mueller, O'Connell, Natasha, Rieber, Nikolaus, Spyridis, Nikos, Tunga, Onkaraiah, Conejo, Pablo Rojo, McMaster, Paddy, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, Pansa, Paola, D'Argenio, Patrizia, Moriarty, Paul, Nikolic, Petra, Wang, Ping, Paopongsawan, Pongsatorn, Cao, Qing, Deng, Qiulian, Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Kanithi, Ravishankar, Jimenez, Rodolfo, Cao, Sancheng, Singh, Sanjeev, Rees, Sarah, Praveen, Saroey, Kekomaki, Satu, Hackett, Scott, Ashkenazi, Shai, Chang, Si Min, Drysdale, Simon, Koning, Sonia, Subramanian, Sreeram, Murki, Srinivas, Vergnano, Stefania, Gandra, Sumanth, Esposito, Susanna, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Behrends, Uta, Papaevangelous, Vana, Jian, Victoria, Li, Wei, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Wei, Zhang, Wenshuang, Mu, Xiaoping, Dong, Xiaoyie, Jiang, Xiyuan, Chen, Xu, Wang, Yi, Zheng, Yuejie, Horikoshi, Yuho, Aboderin, Aaron, Olayinka, Adebola, Dedeic-Ljubovic, Amela, McCorry, Ann, Enimil, Anthony, Neubert, Antje, solano, antonio, Pignatari, Antonio, Poojary, Aruna, Kambaralieva, Baktygul, McCullagh, Bernadette, Carevi, Biljana, Van Herendael, Bruno, Gormley, Cairine, Carvajal, Camila, Ramírez, Carlos, Fitzgerald, David, Sabuda, Deana, Konopnicki, Deborah, Lacej, Denada, Pierard, Denis, Rios, Edgar, Marshall, Emily, Firre, Eric, van Elzakker, Erika, Shaqiri, Erjona, Darwish Elhajji, Feras, Gawrys, Gerard, Markovic, Goran, Kunsihima, Hiroyuki, Chen, Hui Hiong, Sviestina, Inese, Pristas, Irina, Hoxha, Iris, Korinteli, Irma, Mareković, Ivana, Soltani, Jafar, Labarca, Jaime, AlSalman, Jameela, Horvatic, Jasminka, Frimpong, Juliet Ampomah, Pagava, Karaman, Kei, Kasahara, Okinaka, Keiji, Iregbu, Kenneth, Ghazaryan, Lilit, Raka, Lul, Gessner-Wharton, Mallory, Aldeyab, Mamoon, Cooper, Mandelin, del Castillo, Marcelo, Hojman, Martin, Hudson, Melissa, Alshehri, Mohamed, Ling, Moi Lin, Greer, Nickie, Oduyebo, Oyinlola, Buijtels, Patricia, TEROL BARRERO, PEDRO, Zarb, Peter, Schelstraete, PEtra, Nwajiobi-Princewill, Princewill Ifeanyi Philip, Khanna, Priya, Quiros, Rodolfo, Simovic, Sanja, Thompson, Sarah, Chan, Si Min, Burokiene, Sigita, Rachina, Svetlana, Usonis, Vytautas, Cornistein, Wanda, Holemans, Xavier, Gu, Yoshiaki, Brothers, Adam, Hersh, Adam, Fernandez, Alfred, Tribble, Alison, Hurst, Amanda, Green, Andrea, Hammer, Benjamin, Lee, Betty P, Kuzmic, Brenik, Shapiro, Craig, Boge, Craig, Haslam, David, Berman, David, Naeem, Fouzia, Johnson, George, Schwenk, Hayden, Orr, Hillary, Maples, Holly, Olsen, Jared, Gerber, Jeffrey, Girotto, Jennifer, Zweiner, Jennifer, Goldman, Jennifer, Gillon, Jessica, Tansmore, Jessica, Manaloor, John, Courter, Joshua, Mongkolrattanothai, Kanokporn, Patel, Karisma, Merkel, Kathryn, Namtu, Katie, Flett, Kelly, Lee, Kelly, Nichols, Kristen, Klein, Kristin, Handy, Lori, Castagnini, Luis, Mazade, Marc, Heger, Margaret, Fernandez, Marisol, Chang, Michael, Crawford, Michelle, Nelson, Miranda, Bennett, Nicholas, Jaggi, Preeti, Hamdy, Rana, Banerjee, Ritu, Olivero, Rosemary, Patel, Sameer, Arnold, Sandra, Ogrin, Sara, Jones, Sarah, Parker, Sarah, Kubes, Sarah, Hymes, Saul, Weissman, Scott, Chan, Shannon, Henderson, Sheryl, Metjian, Talene, Hsia, Yingfen, Lee, Brian R, Versporten, Ann, Yang, Yonghong, Bielicki, Julia, Jackson, Charlotte, Newland, Jason, Goossens, Herman, Magrini, Nicola, and Sharland, Mike

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Cancer screening and management in the transgender population: Review of literature and special considerations for gender affirmation surgery

Author

Panichella, Juliet C, primary, Araya, Sthefano, additional, Nannapaneni, Siddhartha, additional, Robinson, Samuel G, additional, You, Susan, additional, Gubara, Sarah M, additional, Gebreyesus, Maria T, additional, Webster, Theresa, additional, Patel, Sameer A, additional, and Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia and exercise in relation to the angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism

Author

Patel, Sameer

Subjects
612.2
Abstract

The physiological response to environmental hypoxia encountered at high altitude has a wide range of cardiovascular and pulmonary effects. The insertion allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has been found to be more prevalent in endurance athletes and is associated with beneficial anabolic and functional responses in muscle. Furthermore, the insertion allele of this functional genetic polymorphism has been associated with enhanced physical performance at altitude, as defined by the successful ascent of peaks over 4800 metres. This thesis examines the cardiopulmonary responses during exercise and hypoxia in order to elucidate any genotype dependent differences in cardiopulmonary response that could explain this observation. The main body of this work was carried out between August 1999 and September 2001. The studies involved 60 healthy subjects performing a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine ventilatory threshold (VT). At the second visit the subjects underwent a second set of steady state exercise tests, performed at 50% of the work rate attained at VT, under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (FiO2 12.5%). Metabolic and ventilatory measurements were made during tests and the changes between normoxic and hypoxic response during rest and exercise were analysed. A second smaller study examined cardiac output response during hypoxia and exercise using bioimpedance cardiography. These studies were performed simultaneously with the cardiopulmonary exercise tests and included 31 subjects. Similar analyses were performed on cardiac output variables between normoxia and hypoxia. The repeatability of the steady state cardiopulmonary exercise experimental protocol was verified by repeat testing and analyses. Bioimpedance cardiography measurements were validated against simultaneous measurements during pulmonary catheter studies and thermodilution cardiac output measurement. The results of the tests and the comparison of response demonstrated a larger increase in ventilation during exercise from normoxia to hypoxia in the insertion homozygous group. This was accompanied by a genotype dependent decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide, suggesting a higher alveolar ventilation. There was no increase in oxygen saturations in the insertion homozygous group, which may have been due to the technical limitations of the oximeters. The cardiac output studies did not reveal any significant difference between genotype. The ventilatory study has demonstrated a response that may contribute to enhanced performance during prolonged hypoxic exposure, as experienced at high altitude.

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Characterization of particulate matter in a multizonal residential apartment: transport, exposure, and mitigationElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ea00080c

Author

Thakur, Alok Kumar and Patel, Sameer

Abstract

Due to rapid urbanization and lifestyle changes, people in developing countries like India spend most of their time indoors, just like those in developed countries. Indoor air pollution (IAP) studies in urban built environments in India are yet to gain momentum. Studies conducted so far are restricted to reporting pollutant concentration, providing limited insights into pollutants' source, transport, and fate. Comprehensive studies are critical to assessing IAP severity and developing and deploying effective mitigation strategies in built environments. The present study includes spatio-temporal monitoring of particulate matter (PM) in a multizonal residential apartment using a network of low-cost air quality monitors and research-grade instruments to characterize emission sources, assess transport metrics, estimate spatial exposure, calculate I/Oratios, and assess efficacies of different mitigation measures. Sub-micron particles dominated number size distribution for cooking and incense. Operation of air conditioners (AC) led to faster transport of pollutants from the kitchen to the bedrooms. PM exposure in all zones relative to the kitchen had comparable (∼0.8–0.9) exposure during cooking. The average I/Oratios during cooking were elevated throughout the apartment, with the kitchen (10.1 ± 8.9) and bedrooms (7.2 ± 5.7 & 7.4 ± 5.9) being the highest and lowest, respectively. Natural ventilation through balcony doors led to an average exposure reduction of 74–86% in different zones. AC operation reduced cumulative exposure, which was further reduced upon affixing a filter sheet on the AC pre-filter. Among the mitigation measures assessed, the highest cumulative loss rate (2.3 ± 0.1 h−1) was observed for the portable air cleaner with the default HEPA filter.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Deep learning-enhanced 3D echo decorrelation imaging for monitoring radiofrequency ablation in ex vivo human liver

Author

Ghahramani Z., Elmira, primary, Grimm, Peter D., additional, Schoenleb, Nicholas S., additional, Weiss, Benjamin E., additional, Knapp, Alexander J., additional, Saremi, Bahar, additional, Wang, Jiang, additional, Ahmad, Syed A., additional, Shah, Shimul A., additional, Quillin, Ralph C., additional, Patel, Sameer H., additional, Prasath, V. B. Surya, additional, and Mast, T. Douglas, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results