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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) no suplemento e a influência de diferentes tempos de maturação sobre características físico-químicas no músculo de bovinos de corte (½ Angus + ½ Nelore) em pastejo. Foram utilizados 108 bifes do músculo Longissimus dorsi, retirados de 36 bovinos não castrados, com aproximadamente 20 meses de idade e peso corporal inicial de 400,33 ± 40,87 kg, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial, com doze tratamentos, constituídos pela combinação de quatro dietas pré-abate e três tempos de maturação da carne, sendo um bife por unidade experimental totalizando nove repetições. As dietas pré-abate foram compostas por pasto e suplementação concentrada com baixo, médio e alto teor de NNP e controle (não suplementado). Não houve interação (p > 0,05) entre dietas e tempos de maturação (TM) sobre a luminosidade, teor de vermelho e intensidade de amarelo, pH e força de cisalhamento da carne. Independente dos TM, animais não suplementados apresentaram menor (p < 0,05) perda de água por cocção (5,92%) e carnes mais duras (3,32 kgf cm-3) que bovinos que receberam dieta com média concentração de NNP (2,62 kgf cm-3). Os animais que receberam dietas com baixa suplementação de NNP apresentaram carnes com maior (p < 0,05) pigmentação vermelha, além de bifes mais leves (p < 0,05) no pós-cocção do que bovinos não suplementados e aqueles alimentados com dieta contendo média suplementação de NNP. Independente das classes de NNP, a maturação realizada até o 9º dia é eficaz para aumentar a maciez da carne dos bovinos. Bovinos cruzados (½ Angus + ½ Nelore) que consomem dietas com baixa ou média suplementação de nitrogênio não proteico apresentam bifes com melhores condições de intensidade de cor vermelha e de maciez, respectivamente.

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Sociedad (01218417) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grasslands in southern Brazil have inherent characteristics favorable to forage production for domestic herbivores, which can be impaired or enhanced by management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of management on plant characteristics, comparing commonly used techniques. The experimental design was bifactorial, the first factor consisting of four managements: burning, oversowing with annual winter forages, mowing and absence of interference, and the second factor was the time elapsed between management and evaluation. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The LAI (leaf area index), dry mass production and crude protein content of the pasture were evaluated. Pasture management with oversowing showed higher LAI growth rate, as well as higher pasture dry mass production than the other treatments. There was no effect of the different managements on the crude protein content of the pasture, but of the time, with the highest value on the 53rd day. The results suggest that the adoption of management with oversowing of annual winter forages should be emphasized for the productive improvement of native grasslands in southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite largely being overlooked in Basque scientific literature, the presence of pigs has been of vital importance in the Basque Country. Roaming free or kept in pens, pigs have been faithful companions to the Basques, providing solutions to multiple problems. Indeed, pig farming helped many avoid starvation. In this field, the Northern Basque Country developed ties with the Southern Basque Country through the regular pig markets that were held. Pigs enabled tenets to pay rent to landowners and their meat has always been very popular, not only in rural farmhouses but in urban areas also. Their hind legs were highly valued in expeditions to Newfoundland, since they could successfully be preserved for long periods of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native grasslands are a forage resource available to small-scale dairy production system (SSDS), whose cost is relatively low. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value through well as biomass of a native pasture during the rainy season in the central highlands of Mexico. The work was carried out during the months of June to October in small-scale milk production systems on 9.02 ha. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was applied to forage mass results (five periods). A split-plot design was developed to evaluate the variables of in vitro gas production, in vitro digestibility and metabolisable energy. The results obtained show that mean biomass production values of 976.16 kg DM ha-1, crude protein contents between 64 and 131 g kg-1 DM; NDF 599 and 698 g kg-1 DM; FDA between 282 and 336 g kg-1 DM were obtained. Potential gas production (B) did not show significant differences between zones (p>0.05), but between periods (p<0.05) with up to 5.8% higher potential production in the three intermediate periods. Incubation delay time, fermentation rate and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (IVDFDN) were affected by their zone×period interactions (p<0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMS) and estimated metabolisable energy (eME) of pastures were higher in the first four periods, decreasing in the last period (p<0.05). Native pastures are of medium quality and as they do not require any management, they are an inexpensive option for feeding cows in small-scale dairy systems in the rainy season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sobre la crítica dirigida hacia una historia hegemónica del documento escrito, hacia los estudios tradicionales del arte y la poca relevancia de los estudios de recepción en historia en general, se realiza esta aproximación teórica, que busca no solo realzar la importancia académica de objetos artísticos no estudiados tradicionalmente, ya sea por el límite de referencias históricas existentes, o por la aparente frivolidad en el conocimiento del pasado que estos puedan arrojar, sino que pretende analizarlos sobre otro tipo de lente histórico, que permita comprender a profundidad estos objetos como insumos imprescindibles para el estudio de las formas de interpretación colectiva y su devenir en el tiempo. A partir de la teoría de recepción (Keith Moxey, 2015 y Didi-Huberman, 2018) en diálogo con Roger Chartier (2019), se desarrolla dicha propuesta teórica. Ergo, se toma como objeto de análisis, el estudio de una leyenda de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto, Colombia; la re significación de la escultura de San Ignacio de Loyola, hacia la efigie de Vladimir Lenin, y a través de un trabajo de critica historiográfica, que pone a dialogar los estudios tradicionales que se han hecho de la misma, con las teorías del giro icónico, y la teoría de la recepción, se procede a estudiar no solo la génesis de la obra, sino su re-significación, es decir, la historia de su apropiación.

The present investigation was carried out in the upper basin of the Pindo River, Mera canton, Pastaza province. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the type of cover on the edaphological and hydrological characteristics that influence the variability of the Pindo River flow. Data were collected using the simple infiltrometer cylinder method. The infiltration behavior in the forest and grass cover was compared, additionally a soil sample was extracted using the cylinder method (MC), to determine the apparent density, soil texture and root density. The results showed that the infiltration speed and longitudinal density of roots do not present significant differences between forest and grass. From the analysis of the apparent density, the grasses presented the highest average values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southern region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is highly characterized by livestock breeding which, due to inadequate managements, has produced erosion issues frequently related to soil aggregation. Microorganisms are highly sensitive to soil managements and have a role in their aggregation. Current analysis studies the impact of the succession process in different pasturelands on microorganisms and its processes especially in aggregates with different class sizes which are important microbes that may be subject to interferences. Four pasture areas were selected from the sub-basin of the river José Pereira, Itajubá MG, Brazil, at different stages of secondary succession, in dystrophic red argosol: A1 - area at the first stage of succession and partially exposed soil; A2 - area in mid-succession stage and partially exposed soil; A3 - area without any succession, with totally covered soil; A4 - area with the highest succession stage, with great diversity of tree and shrub species and totally covered soil. Soil samples from areas under analysis were separated into three classes of aggregates with 0.5; 2.0 and 4.0 mm, prior to the determination of biochemical (microbial activity and biomass, metabolic quotient - qCO2) and microbiological (length of extra-radicular mycelium, density of bacteria, actinobacteria and total fungi) attributes. Pastures at different succession stages impacted differently soil microorganisms and processes. For most microbiological indexes, there was no effect or influence of aggregate size. Area with the most advanced secondary succession stage (A4) provided more activity, biomass and extraradicular mycelium when compared to the other areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presente investigación fue realizada en la cuenca alta del río Pindo, cantón Mera, provincia de Pastaza. El objetivo fue evaluar la influencia del tipo de cobertura en las características edafológicas e hidrológicas que influyen en la variabilidad del caudal del Río Pindo. Los datos se recolectaron, utilizando el método de cilindro infiltrómetro simple. Se comparó el comportamiento de la infiltración en la cobertura de bosque y pasto, adicionalmente se extrajo una muestra de suelo mediante el método del cilindro (MC), para determinar la densidad aparente, textura del suelo y densidad de raíces. Los resultados mostraron que, la velocidad de infiltración y densidad longitudinal de raíces no presentan diferencias significativas entre bosque y pasto. Del análisis de la densidad aparente los pastos presentaron los mayores valores promedio.

Este estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el tiempo para el establecimiento de gramíneas forrajeras tropicales en el bioma del "Cerrado", con base en rasgos morfogenéticos y estructurales. Se distribuyeron tres cultivares (Paiaguás, Ipyporá y Marandu) de Brachiaria brizantha (Sin. Urochloa brizantha) y dos cultivares (Quénia y Tamani) de Panicum maximum (Sin. Megathyrsus maximus) en un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los rasgos morfogenéticos y estructurales del pasto se evaluaron desde el día 35 hasta el día 65 después de la siembra, a intervalos de siete días. La altura del dosel aumentó linealmente con el período de establecimiento, en todos los cultivares. En los cultivares de Megathyrsus, la densidad de macollos disminuyó a medida que avanzaba el período experimental, mientras que el número de macollos en los cultivares de Urochloa aumentó. Los cultivares Ipypora y Marandu tuvieron las tasas más altas de aparición foliar. Las tasas de elongación foliar más bajas se presentaron en los cultivares Paiaguás, Ipypora y Tamani, y las tasas de elongación más altas en el cv. Quénia. Como resultado, el cv. Quénia mostró los valores más altos de longitud foliar final (64.9 cm) y masa de lámina foliar (3,352.9 kg MS ha'1). La mayor tasa de senescencia del cv. Tamani (2.1 cm macollo'1 d'1) dio como resultado que el mayor porcentaje de material muerto (1,815.5 kg ha'1) se encontrara en la masa de forraje de este cultivar. Los cultivares Paiaguás, Marandu y Tamani se establecieron a los 44 d, mientras que los cv. Quénia e Ipypora se establecieron a los 51 y 58 días después de la siembra, respectivamente, en el Cerrado brasileño. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: La región centro-oriental de Cuba ha sido escenario de diversos estudios para encontrar soluciones al déficit de disponibilidad y el manejo inadecuado de la base forrajera, por ser factores determinantes en los resultados productivos y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas. Objetivo. Considerar cambios en las estrategias de manejo de la base forrajera a partir de un modelo de producción lechera en la región centro-oriental de Cuba. Desarrollo: Se resumen algunos argumentos importantes basados en estudios previos acerca de las ventajas que reporta el cambio en la perspectiva de manejo de las áreas de pastoreo, de manera que su mayor producción de biomasa se utilice más eficientemente, haciendo coincidir este comportamiento con los picos de producción de leche, particularmente en los meses de abril-agosto. Se tuvieron en cuenta diferentes escenarios y formas de producción, donde todos ellos coinciden en que funcionan sobre la base de mínimos recursos y su mayor perspectiva es la de mejorar el aprovechamiento y uso racional de sus recursos naturales y locales. Conclusiones: Teniendo en cuenta tales posibilidades reales de los sistemas ganaderos en el territorio centro-oriental de Cuba, puede resultar que, al lograr implementar una estrategia estacional, se incremente la eficiencia bio-económica de la producción de leche, con limitada dependencia de insumos externos.

“El Sector Oculto” es un proyecto artístico que se ha convertido en una manera de percibir el mundo. Toma forma de de pinturas, collages y objetos encontrados, que articulan una lógica que me facilita un entendimiento de la realidad. Este proyecto está dividido en dos fases iniciales; la primera formó parte de la exhibición LOoW Emergence (2019), y la segunda, del Premio Brasil 2020 (Mención de honor, Quito). “El sector oculto” se manifiesta como un lente que filtra la realidad, que teje ideas de la Ontología Orientada a los Objetos[1] con ideas como el Pluriverso[2], para plantear mundos a través de imágenes. El proyecto se nutre de historias de la representación, como los lenguajes visuales precolombinos y los gráficos computarizados de la física contemporánea para crear otro lenguaje visual, con el fin de nivelar una pluralidad de formas de crear y compartir conocimientos. Desde ahí, planteo una metodología transmedia que abra un espacio emergente y flexible para el hacer como una forma de pensar. [1] Ontología Orientada al Objeto: Movimiento filosófico emergente, comprometido con una forma única de realismo y pensamiento no antropocéntrico (Morton, 2013, p.17). [2] Pluriverso: Mundos heterogéneos convergiendo como una ecología de prácticas, negociando la dificultad de estar juntos heterogéneamente (De la Cadena y Blaser, 2018, p.4). [1] Ontología Orientada al Objeto: Movimiento filosófico emergente, comprometido con una forma única de realismo y pensamiento no antropocéntrico. (Morton, 2013, p.17) [2] Pluriverso: Mundos heterogéneos convergiendo como una ecología de prácticas, negociando la dificultad de estar juntos heterogéneamente. (De la Cadena, Blaser, 2018, p.4)

Introducción. El manejo agronómico del cultivo desde siembra hasta cosecha es mecanizado. Uno de los componentes más importantes es el control de malezas (Montes et al., 2013). El manejo químico de las malezas se basa en un grupo de herbicidas sintéticos de preemergencia y postemergencia para controlar especies de hoja ancha de importancia agronómica (Rosales et al., 2011). Objetivo. Evaluar dos herbicidas orgánicos como alterativa al uso del glifosato. Métodos. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Los productos utilizados fueron: glifosato (907 g i.a/ha) y dos herbicidas orgánicos (2.1 L/ha), en 230 L/ha de agua, como coadyuvante se usó Bionex. Resultados y discusión. Antes de la aplicación de los tratamientos las especies de malezas fueron: Solanum elaeagnifolim L. (13.0±9.9/ m 2 ), Amaranthus palmeri L. (13.0±7.5/ m 2 ) y Panicum. fasciculatum, Panicum. rectus (27.2±22.8/m 2 ). En menor proporción estuvieron Euphorbia serpens (2.5±1.9/m 2 ) y Partenium hysterophorus (1.7±1.4/m 2 ). En términos estadísticos, el factor que más contribuyó a explicar los resultados fue el tipo de herbicida (82%) de la varianza acumulada (P

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El estudio se basó en medir la concentración de metales en el suelo y en el pasto circundante de variedades utilizadas en la zona (Kikuyocloa clandestinum y Brachiara Brizantha) para determinar su movilidad, medido como porcentaje de transferencia del suelo al pasto. Se seleccionaron sitios de la región norte de Costa Rica, dividida en Región Chorotega y Región Huetar Norte. Se identificaron y compararon las concentraciones de potasio (K), calcio (Ca), manganeso (Mn), hierro (Fe), cobre (Cu) y zinc (Zn). Se experimentó con la movilidad de estos elementos del suelo al follaje del pasto, por su importancia como nutrimentos en la fertilidad de los suelos y del follaje del pasto. Los elementos Mn, Fe, Cu y Zn se consideran metales pesados y en las zonas estudiadas no constituyen contaminantes. Se utilizó la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X dispersiva en energía (FRXDE), para determinar la composición elemental en las matrices de suelo y del follaje del pasto, por ser una técnica no destructiva y de análisis elemental múltiple y simultáneo. Al comparar las concentraciones de K se encontraron valores superiores en el pasto que en el suelo, por lo que se descartó calcular la movilidad con la metodología definida en este trabajo. Para los restantes elementos se calculó la movilidad como el porcentaje de transferencia de los metales al pasar del suelo al pasto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una transferencia promedio moderada para el Ca (37,04%) y el Zn (24,75%), y una baja transferencia para el Mn (1,85%), Fe(1,35%) y Cu (4,35%).

En este trabajo describimos la estructura del nido de Phyllotis andium Thomas, 1912 en un matorral seco interandino al sur de la provincia del Azuay en Ecuador y el uso de un pasto introducido en su fabricación. Se presentan también observaciones sobre sociabilidad y abundancia de esta especie. Estos datos proporcionan nueva información sobre las relaciones intraespecíficas de estos roedores y su historia natural.

El artículo se propone analizar el ejercicio y la configuración de las relaciones de poder en la ciudad de Pasto, a partir de la composición social. En el estudio se abordan las características de la composición social de la ciudad, jerarquizada por criterios de origen étnico y de clase, y las características económicas marcadas por un periodo de crisis dada la prolongación de la guerra y la represión fiscal, impuesta por el nuevo orden de gobierno, estudio realizado desde la historia social que nos permite ver los cambios, analizar la forma de organización y las implicaciones económicas en la sociedad del momento. Esto permite comprender el origen de los cambios políticos y administrativos en la ciudad de Pasto, durante la incorporación al proyecto político republicano.

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nicaragua es un país con características agropecuarias, destacando la producción ganadera. Se estudiaron 153 sistemas ganaderos de doble propósito en los departamentos de Rivas (Belén, Rivas y Tola) y Carazo (Santa Teresa, Diriamba y La Conquista). Se evaluó las características del sistema (áreas y distribución del sistema, tenencia de la propiedad y disponibilidad de agua), características del hato (raza, número de animales, mortalidad entre otros), características alimenticias (tipo de alimentación), manejo sanitario e infraestructura productiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar sistemas ganaderos en los departamentos de Carazo y Rivas, Nicaragua. Se encontró que predominaron los propietarios, mayores a 50 años, el nivel de educación que prevalece es primaria, seguido de secundaria. Tamaño de fincas en un rango entre las 20 y 50 hectáreas. Durante el año hay momentos con alta producción de pasturas principalmente en la época lluviosa accesible al ganado, sin embargo, en la época seca existe escasez por lo que se debe suministrar minerales para solventar las demandas nutricionales. Las razas predominantes en el hato son: Pardo suizo y Brahman. La mortalidad anual en las crías y adultas fue baja inferior al 10%. Las especies de pasto dominantes corresponden a Hyparrhenia rufa Nees (38.11%), Andropogon gayanus kunth (23.42%). La presencia de corrales y galeras constituyen las principales infraestructuras productivas. El manejo epizootiológico se desparasita, vitamina y vacuna el ganado contra las principales enfermedades presentes en los departamentos bajo estudio, siendo las afectaciones por arañas las más comunes, seguido de la presencia de parásitos internos y externo. Se identificaron la existencia de productores (28 de 153) que disponen de áreas con bancos forrajeros establecidos y algunas prácticas agroecológicas que favorecen la productividad.

El trabajo se realizó en la Hacienda Rancho Claro en el municipio de La Dorada (Caldas). El objetivo fue conocer el efecto de la edad de corte sobre la producción de forraje y la calidad nutricional del pasto angleton climacuna (Dichanthium annulatum) utilizado para la producción de heno. Fue seleccionado un potrero previamente establecido, se delimitaron 21 parcelas de 100 m2 y se asignó al azar las edades de corte (40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90 y 100 días). Los tratamientos se organizaron en un diseño completamente al azar con tres repeticiones y se analizó el efecto de la edad sobre la producción y la calidad mediante análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey. Se realizó análisis de regresión y prueba de Pearson para conocer la correlación. Se observó que la producción de forraje varía entre 5,8 y 23,6 t ha1 de MF. El mayor valor de proteína se encontró a los 40 días (7,9 %) y presenta valores superiores al 5 % hasta los 70 días. El por ciento de materia seca (MS) y de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) aumentaron con la edad y los mayores contenidos se reportan después de los 80 días. Los valores de energía bruta (EB) fueron similares en todas las edades. La calidad disminuyó con la edad, pero la producción de forraje aumentó. Se estableció que se puede conocer la producción y la calidad de forraje en cualquier edad si se conocen valores de altura y producción de forraje por m2 en edades iniciales de crecimiento.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evitar la pérdida de peso en los ovinos que pastan sobre pasto natural, con el suministro de caña-picada sola y caña picada + urea. Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con caña +urea, con relación a la suplementación caña sola, sobre el desempeño, el consumo y la conversión alimentaría, además del comportamiento ingestivo y costo de producción en ovinos, mantenidos con pasto natural en el período seco. Fueron utilizados 9 ovinos, con peso corporal medio inicial de 21,2 ± 2 kg y media de 10-14 meses de edad. El período experimental fue de 90 días. Los animales fueron distribuidos en tres tratamientos, los cuales pastaban pasto natural (G3) diferido, y consumían los suplementos de caña de azúcar + urea (G1) y caña de azúcar +pasto (G2). Los consumos fueron afectados (P

Abstract.  The advancement of agricultural frontiers and pastures has contributed to the fragmentation of the forest, and these fragments are affected by disturbances of varying degrees of intensity that influence the local fauna and flora. The objective of this work was to analyze how do the magnitude and extent of edge effects and seasonality chance to richness and abundance of beetle. The experiment was conducted in an area containing forest, border and pasture belonging to the Federal Institute of Sergipe. A total of 1,173 specimens from 16 species were collected. The border areas showed a greater richness and abundance of species characterized by being an area of intermediate disturbance, while the anthropic area (pasture) presented the lowest abundance and abundance of Coleoptera and a greater variety of pest beetles, suggesting that the occurrence of some species of pest beetles may be an indication of degraded areas. The abundance and richness of the coleoptera community decreased in the rainy season. Small distances between the pasture, the edge of the forest fragment and the interior of this fragment seem to be crucial to determine the structure of the beetle community, reinforcing attention to the conservation of habitats for its development. Efeitos de borda sobre assembleias de besouros em fragmento de Mata Atlântica e pastagem em Sergipe, Brasil Resumo. O avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e das pastagens contribuiu para a fragmentação da mata, e estes fragmentos são afetados por distúrbios de diferentes graus de intensidade que influenciam a fauna e a flora local. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar como a magnitude e extensão do efeito de borda e a sazonalidade influencia na riqueza e abundância de besouros. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área contendo mata, borda e pastagem pertencente ao Instituto Federal de Sergipe. Foram coletados 1.173 espécimes pertencentes a 16 espécies.As áreas de borda se destacaram apresentando maior riqueza e abundância de espécies caracterizada por ser uma área de distúrbio intermediário, enquanto que a área antropizada (pastagem) apresentou a menor riqueza e abundância de Coleópteros e maior variedade de besouros pragas, sugerindo que a ocorrência de algumas espécies de besouros-praga pode ser uma indicação de áreas degradadas. A abundância e riqueza da comunidade de coleópteros diminuíram na estação chuvosa. Pequenas distâncias entre o pasto, a borda do fragmento florestal e o interior deste fragmento parecem ser cruciais para determinar a estrutura da comunidade de besouros, reforçando a atenção à conservação de habitats para seu desenvolvimento.

A ovinocultura se faz atuante em praticamente todos os continentes, a ampla difusão da espécie se deve principalmente a seu poder de adaptação. Devido aos fatores geoclimáticos, os países tropicais e subtropicais se destacam e se estabelecem no cenário agropecuário, e o Brasil não se torna exceção nesse mercado. O Brasil por possuir parte considerável do rebanho produzido em pasto, que se constitui em uma das formas econômicas e práticas de produzir e oferecer volumoso aos ruminantes, é um dos principais produtores de carne a um dos menores custos de produção. Os climas tropicais e subtropicais além de favorecer condições ideais para a produção e desenvolvimento dos setores agrícolas e pecuários como, por exemplo, o cultivo de pastagens e a criação de ruminantes, também proporciona condições favoráveis para o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência dos nematoides gastrintestinais, que por sua vez atuam negativamente no desempenho dos animais, em especial, os ovinos. Os nematoides gastrintestinais quando não controlados podem causar prejuízos de 30 a 40% no desempenho animal, principalmente o comprometendo no desenvolvimento de animais jovens e de matrizes em período reprodutivo que são as categorias mais sensíveis, e que estão intimamente ligados ao crescimento do plantel. Os principais nematoides que acometem os pequenos ruminantes e de maior importância econômica para e exploração de ovinos são: Haemonchus contortus e Trichostrongylus axei, ambos localizados no abomaso; Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Strongyloides papillousus, Cooperia sp. e Bunostomum trigonocephalum, no intestino delgado e Oesophagostomum columbianum, Trichuris ovis, T. globulosa e Skrjabinema sp., no intestino grosso. Características morfofisiológicas das plantas forrageiras como a estrutura foliar, hábito de crescimento e produção de massa verde, associados a fatores climáticos, podem ser fatores que influenciam a permanência dos diferentes estágios de vida livre dos nematoides gastrintestinais no ambiente, pastos que não proporcionam incidência de raios solares no estrato inferior das touceiras e solos, propiciam sombreamento e umidade podendo potencializar a reinfecção dos animais.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar el índice de área foliar mediante medidas del largo y ancho de las hojas de Cenchrus purpureus vc. Cuba CT-115. Se investigaron tres variantes: a) índice de área foliar midiendo el largo y ancho de la cuarta hoja multiplicado por el número de hojas (IAFc), b) índice de área foliar midiendo el largo y ancho de todas las hojas (IAFr) y c) índice de área foliar ajustada (IAFa) determinada en a) y multiplicada por un factor de corrección. En todos los casos se empleó un artificio matemático para calcular el área proyectada por la macolla sobre la superficie del suelo. El IAFa presentó la menor varianza, desviación estándar, error estándar y coeficiente de variación (0.00003, 0.006, 0.0004 y 16.55 %, respectivamente). El IAFr y el IAFa no difirieron entre sí (0.033 y 0.034, respectivamente) pero sí (P< 0.01) del IAFc con valor de 0.684. Se ajustó una ecuación de regresión lineal entre el IAFa y el IAFc con alto coeficiente de determinación (0.99, P< 0.01). Es posible determinar el índice de área foliar con rigor y precisión. Se recomienda extender este estudio a otros pastos en diferentes condiciones de manejo.

The study was carried out in two dairy farms of Dos Ríos enterprise, during 2015 and 2016, in order to identify the main factors that influence dairy production. In the analysis, ten variables with the highest preponderance were identified, grouped into four principal components (PC), which explained 79.6 % of the variance. As a result of cluster analysis, four groups were f ormed, which respond, in a general sense, to each dairy farm at every season. Impact factors of each combination, principal component vs. group, were identified. The production (PC1) in dry period showed values of -0.257 and -0.815, for farms 16 and 17, respectively, related to the high stocking rate and low proportion of biomass bank in dairy 17. Herd (PC2) showed a negative impact on farm 16, due to the low number of animals that it uses with respect to dairy 17. Reproduction (PC3) presented a negative impact in both units, which was very similar during rainy season. This phenomenon indicates a greater number of births in dry season, which is not suitable in tropical exploitation systems based on pastures and forages. Milk quality (PC4) showed negative values in farm 16 during rainy season, due to mastitis. The results allowed to assess the factors with the greatest impact, average by groups and PC, and made it possible to identify, with certainty, the difficulties in the production system, so that strategies could be implemented to minimize or eliminate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Espacio is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal (RBSPA) is the property of Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal (RBSPA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fungos e suas condições de armazenagem (umidade) e a contaminação por micotoxinas em alimentos oferecidos para ovinos foram avaliados. Animais da raça crioula criados na Fazenda Ressacada-UFSC e com saúde debilitada. Com as amostras de (a) feno de alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) estavam armazenadas em 3 pontos (entrada do galpão, aprisco e sala), além de (b) pastagem (B. decumbens) obtida no campo e (c) ração (milho e soja) armazenada no aprisco. O gênero fúngico mais detectado foi o Aspergillus, seguido do Penicillium em 75 e 40% das amostras, respectivamente. Cepas toxigênicas (produtoras de AFLs) foram identificadas. Quanto a umidade (mc e aw) os teores variaram entre 12-40% (média:12%) e aw: 0,5029-0,9888 (média: 0,5783), considerado adequado para proliferação de fungos. Das micotoxinas avaliadas (aflatoxinas - AFLs, ocratoxina A - OTA, zearalenona - ZON e esterigmatoscistina - EST), as de armazenagem (AFLS: AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 ) foram detectadas com teores de 128 µg/kg nas amostras de feno. As condições de limpeza (armazém e maquinários) são de extrema importância, uma vez que as amostras recém chegadas ao local de abrigo das ovelhas se encontram contaminadas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage quality and productivity of Cenchrus purpureus cultivars grown in Ecuador, Maná zone. Varieties of Cenchrus purpureus cv Purple and Maralfalfa were used in different ages of regrowth (45, 60, 75 and 90 days) distributed in a randomized block design of random effects in factorial arrangement with four replications. Variance analyzes were carried out in which the effects of regrowth age (4), variety (2) and their interaction (4 x 2) were controlled, with a total of eight treatments. Both varieties continued to accumulate forage upwards until 90 days (p≤0.05) with 59.1 and 53.7 t GM ha-1 for Purple pasture and Maralfalfa, respectively. In the morphometric indicators, the highest (P≤0.001) leaf length was obtained in the Maralfalfa at 90 days (111.8 cm), while for the width the Purple grass showed superiority (P≤0.001) at 45 (2.92 cm) ) and 75 days (2.88 cm). Among the chemical variables of C. purpureus that are modified by the La Maná climate are the nitrogen content (P≤0.05) and ether extract with different levels of significance, while the Heliophone, minimum and average temperature, dew point , rainfall and days with rain, affect the chemical composition of the pastures under study (P≤0.05, P≤0.01 and P≤0.001, respectively). The digestibility of DM, OM, metabolizable energy, net of lactation and fattening were decreasing (P≤0.001) depending on the age of the plant. It is concluded that the age of the plant modified the morphophysiology of both varieties and the productivity of green biomass behaved ascending. The loss of chemical quality was increased depending on the age of regrowth; however, DM and OM digestility greater than 50% were obtained.

We aim to evaluate physical characteristics that, when submitted to agricultural use, can promote the formation and development of linear erosion processes. To do so, we selected a subbasin with intense erosion activity located at the western region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In this area, we mapped linear erosion features, such as furrows, ravines, and badlands, in the years 1963, 1997, and 2016 and also the variables lithology, landforms, slope, and land use. Subsequently, we analyzed the distribution of erosion forms in the variables in the three years. As a result, with the extensive and continuous use of pasture for at least five decades, we verified that erosion has been more active on silty-clay lithologies, slopes of 15-47% and =47%, and on concave slopes, reaching lands with other characteristics through regressive erosion and the edge effect. Slope concaves comprised ravines and mostly badlands, and served as connectors between erosion processes that occur in higher areas and those occurring in sectors of lower altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article intends to analyse the exercise and the configuration of power relationships in the city of Pasto, taking into consideration its social structure. In this study, the following topics are approached: the characteristics of the city's social structure, hierarchized by criteria related to ethnic and class origin, and the economic characteristics marked by a period of crisis, given the duration of the war and fiscal repression, imposed by the new governmental order. The study was conducted based on social history, which allows us to see the changes, analyse the form of organization and the economic implications in the society of the time. All this allows for a better understanding of the origin of the political and administrative changes that took place in the city of Pasto, during its incorporation to the republican political project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two grazing pressures on the availability of Brachiaria Decumbens forage. The research was carried out at the Quilichao Experimental Substation, of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cauca, Colombia. Eight initial availabilities of 4 300, 4 400, 4 800, 4 900, 6 000, 7 200, 17 400 and 18 900 kg of MSV per hectare were evaluated two initial grazing pressures: low, 1000 PV / 100 kg MSV and high, 1500 kg PV / 100 kg MSV. The design was of random blocks, with four replicas. The area was divided into 12 subplots per treatment and forage availability was measured at the beginning, at 2, 4, 6, 22, 26, 30, 46, 54, 70, 74 and 96 h of grazing. Commercial bullocks of the zebu race were used, with an average weight of 350 kg. Results show that there are statistical differences (p < 0,05) between initial high and low grazing pressures. Therefore, it is concluded that, the higher the initial availability, the higher the percentage of leaf area and stems, but the lower percentage of dead material, however, the leaf stem ratio decreases as the initial availability increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the multifactorial aspect between the morphogenetic, morphological and agronomic characteristics of the forage plants, it is necessary to look for management options that increase the production and the utilization of the mass of forage submitted to different frequencies of defoliation and nitrogen levels. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of two defoliation frequencies and two levels of nitrogen applied in a single dose on the morphogenetic, structural and forage production of piatan grass in the water period. The work was carried out in the agrostological field of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (UFMS), Campo Grande - MS. The experimental area was composed of 12 plots of 18 m² each of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã (Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã). The experimental design was completely randomized and the treatments consisted of two defoliation frequencies (with cut intervals of 28 and 35 days) and single application of two levels of nitrogen (100 and 200 kg ha-1 of N, in the form of urea). Therefore, piatan grass pastures can be managed with a single fertilization of 100 kg ha-1 of N, with height close to 30 cm, as the production of leaf blades is not compromised. The single application of high doses of N does not increase the number, but raises the individual weights of existing tillers without affecting the morphogenic and morphological characteristics of the forage canopy. For pastures of piatã grass established in soils of good fertility it is recommended as a management strategy to use 20 cm as minimum height of cut or grazing and frequency of with interval of 28 days and height of approximately 30 cm. In established pastures, in the water period, if it is desired to reduce the dose fractionation of N, it is recommended as a single application the dose of up to 100 kg of N ha-1 immediately after the first cut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simulated grazing system was developed, using a total of 2.66 hectares, established with the variety Brachiaria decumbens vc. Basilisk; with the objective of studying their performance under dry conditions and without fertilization, subjected to two grazing intensities (GI): GI1 = 75 and GI2 = 150 LAU ha-1 day-1, during the rainy period. It was worked with 20 crossbred Siboney dairy cows between the second and third lactation (10 animals treatment-1), the animals grazed 15 hours a day. The areas under study showed an increase (P <0.05) in the Brachiaria proportion, in 7.9 and 13.2 %, for 75 and 150 LAU ha-1 day-1, respectively. The areas subjected to the highest intensity, showed higher availability of DM ha-1 paddock-1 (P <0.01) in 39.9 % (1 831.05 vs 2 562.11 kg DM ha-1 rotation-1, for 75 and 150 LAU ha-1 day-1, respectively); likewise, the grass yield was favored (P <0.05) in 23.9 % when it was submitted to 150 LAU ha-1 day-1. There were not differences in the bromatological composition of the grass. The obtained results, under these conditions, show that the Basilisk grass variety, subjected to grazing intensity of 150 LAU ha-1 day-1, maintains higher stability and likewise showed higher availability and grass yield, not affecting the bromatological quality of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes fuentes y dosis de retenedores de humedad edáfica, en el establecimiento de pasto buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L) en un sistema de microcuencas captadoras de agua de lluvia. Se evaluaron cuatro dosis de hidrogel: 0, 5, 10 y 15 kg ha-1 y dos dosis de vermicoposta: 0 y 40 t ha-1. El efecto de la dosis de hidrogel fue independiente del efecto de la dosis de vermicomposta, respecto a la retención de humedad en el suelo y el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta. A los 241 días después de la siembra (dds), el contenido de humedad edáfica fue mayor (P£0.05) cuando se aplicaron 5, 10, y 15 kg ha-1, con valores de 25, 23.2 y 23.4 %, respectivamente, sin diferencia estadística entre dosis, pero sí con el testigo (17.5 %). A los 346 dds, se observó un efecto similar, el cual se pierde a los 372 dds; en tanto que la emergencia de plántulas fue significativamente mayor (47.7 %) cuando se aplicaron 15 kg ha-1 de hidrogel, respecto al testigo (29 %) (P£0.05). La altura de planta y el peso de materia seca, así como la actividad fotosintética, fueron significativamente mayores al testigo, cuando se aplicó el hidrogel en cualquiera de las dosis. Finalmente, la aplicación de 40 t ha-1 de vermicomposta, incrementó significativamente el contenido de humedad en el suelo y produjo una mayor cantidad de materia seca de pasto buffel.

Avaliaram-se o efeito do ganho compensatório no desempenho produtivo e a eficiência econômica de novilhos submetidos a diferentes estratégias de suplementação alimentar na fase de recria e engorda. Cinquenta e quatro bezerros, com peso médio inicial de 169,6±16,7kg, foram divididos em oito tratamentos, sendo cada tratamento uma estratégia de suplementação alimentar. No período da seca, os animais receberam suplemento proteico-energético-mineral (SP), com ingestão média diária de 0,1 ou 0,2% do peso vivo. No período das águas, os novilhos receberam SP com ingestão média diária de 0,5% do peso vivo ou suplementação mineral (SM). No período de terminação, os animais receberam SP com ingestão média diária de 1,4% do peso vivo ou foram confinados. Os animais que receberam SM não tiveram ganho compensatório. Animais que receberam SP nas águas (0,51±0,07kg/dia) tiveram ganho compensatório em relação ao período anterior e obtiveram ganho adicional diário de 123g quando comparados com SM (0,39±0,07kg/dia), entretanto não obtiveram ganho compensatório na fase de terminação. O efeito do ganho compensatório é muito pequeno ou até mesmo nulo no sistema de recria e engorda precoce com terminação em confinamento. A suplementação com menor ingestão de proteína, energia e mineral durante a primeira seca e águas, pós-desmame, da vida de novilhos pode ser compensada com o uso do confinamento na fase de terminação desses animais com resultados econômicos positivos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of spineless-cactus meal substituting for maize in diets for supplemented steers grazing on Urochoa brizantha during the postweaning phase. The experiment was conducted on Princesa do Mateiro farm, located in Ribeirão do Largo-BA, Brazil. Forty crossbred steers with an average body weight of 261 ± 7.46 kg were distributed into four groups for evaluation of the following four levels of substitution of ground maize for spinelesscactus meal: 0.00, 30.00, 60.00, and 90.00%. The results were analysed statistically by variance and regression analyses at a 5% error probability. Increasing the amount of spineless-cactus meal in the diet had a quadratic effect on the grazing time and on the time spent on other activities. The diet had a quadratic effect on the number of grazing periods, the number of periods at the trough, and the total feeding and chewing times. In contrast, the number of periods spent on other activities and on rumination was not influenced by the level of spineless-cactus meal. The bite rate, number of bites per swallow, and number of bites per day increased linearly, whereas the swallowing time and number of cuds ruminated per day decreased as the level of spineless-cactus meal added to the diet wasincreased. The feed and rumination efficiencies of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, and non-fibre carbohydrates were not influenced by the level of substitution of spineless-cactus meal for ground maize. Spinelesscactus meal levels close to 60% probably provided greater fibre degradation, leading the animals to spend more time on social interactions with the group, use the feed better, and possibly have a better feed conversion..

The objective of the present work was to determine the leaf area index by measuring the length and width of the leaves of Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115. Three variants were investigated: a)leaf area index (LAI), measuring the length and width of the fourth leaf multiplied by the number of leaves (IAFc), b) leaf area index (LAI), measuring of the length and width of all the leaves (IAFr), and c) (LAI) adjusted leaf area index (IAFa), determined in a) and multiplied by a correction factor. In every case a mathematical artifice was used to calculate the projected area of the tiller on the surface of the ground. The IAFa showed the lowest variance, standard deviation, standard error and coefficient of variation (0.00003, 0.006, 0.0004 and 16.65%, respectively). There were no significant differences between IAFr and IAFa (0.033 and 0.034, respectively), but they differed (P< 0.01) from IAFc with value of 0.684. A linear regression equation was adjusted between IAFa and IAFc with high coefficient of determination (0.99, P< 0.01). It is possible to calculate the LAI with accuracy and it is necessary to carry out experiments with other pastures in different management conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was made on the Rancho Claro Farm, municipality of Doradas (Caldas). The aim was to determine the effects of cutting age on forage production and the nutritional quality of marvel grass (Dichanthium annulatum) for hay production. The study was made in previously chosen grassland; 21 100 m² plots were included, and the cutting ages were set at random (40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90, and 100 days). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications, the age effect on production and quality was analyzed through variance analysis and the Tukey's test. Regression analysis and the Pearson test were made to determine correlation. Forage production was observed to vary between 5.8 and 23.6 t ha¹ of FM. The highest protein value was observed on the 40th day (7.9 %), with values above 5 % on the 70th day. The dry matter (DM) percent and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased with age; the highest contents were observed after 80 days. The crude energy (CE) values were similar in all the ages. Quality decreased as age advanced, but forage production increased. It was concluded that forage production and quality can be determined at any age, provided the height and forage production per m2 are known at initial growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article refers to the women's participation in the War of Independence. The aim is to analyze the realistic position of the Conceptas of Pasto, a religious congregation in Colombia, in order to explain their participation in the political scene of that time. Their commitment lasted over twelve years (1812-1824), but it was during the last two years of war where it became particularly relevant. Also, while the defeat of their allies forced them to accept the new government, they were not unscathed from the conflict: they were politically defeated, and their properties were looted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanzania grass is a variety with high forage production that, with proper agronomic management, can achieve high yields for livestock feeding. The propose of this work was to evaluate the residual effect of five doses of fertilizers applied to Tanzania grass (Megatyrsus maximus). The trial was carried out at the ecological and agro-environmental studies center of the University of Antioquia, Carepa. Eighteen plots of 9 m2 were established in a complete randomized design, the fertilizer sources were KCl, DAP, urea, magnesium sulfate, limestone, mix of microelements, a mixture of 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3), 100% (T4), 125% (T5) of the nutritional requirement of the crop and an absolute control (T6). The first cut was made 45 days after application. After this cutting, three evaluations were made every 15 days for height, plants per tillers and, in the third sampling, plant fresh weight. The analysis performed was an ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the Python statistical program. The greatest height and fresh weight were reflected in 125% (T5) with a mean height of 122 cm and 6217 g of fresh weight per plant, compared to the control with a height of 94 cm and 2325 g of fresh weight per plant. It is concluded that fertilization has a positive effect on the yield of Tanzania grass until the second harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]