Search

Immunohistochemical (IHC) tissue profiling is a standard practice in the management of metastatic breast cancer (mBC), that enables the identification of distinct biological phenotypes based on hormone receptors' expression. Luminal-like tumors primarily benefit from a first line treatment strategy combining endocrine therapy and cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. However, IHC analyses necessitate invasive procedures and may encounter technical and interpretational challenges. In the current era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy holds potential to provide clinicians with additional insights into disease biology, including mechanisms underlying endocrine resistance and disease progression. Several liquid-based biomarkers are entering clinical practice and hold prognostic and predictive values in Luminal-like mBC, while many others are currently being investigated. The present work aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the clinical meanings of hormone receptors and their downstream molecular pathways, alongside their implications for therapeutic decision-making in Luminal-like mBC., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The emerging era of precision medicine is characterized by an increasing availability of targeted anticancer therapies and by the parallel development of techniques to obtain more refined molecular data, whose interpretation may not always be straightforward. Molecular tumor boards gather various professional figures, in order to leverage the analysis of molecular data and provide prognostic and predictive insights for clinicians. In addition to healthcare development, they could also become a tool to promote knowledge and research spreading. A growing body of evidence on the application of molecular tumor boards to clinical practice is forming and positive signals are emerging, although a certain degree of heterogeneity exists. This work analyzes molecular tumor boards' potential workflows, figures involved, data sources, sample matrices and eligible patients, as well as available evidence and learning examples. The emerging concept of multi-institutional, disease-specific molecular tumor boards is also considered by presenting two ongoing nationwide experiences., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Giulia Buzzatti reports personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from Novartis, Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca. Umberto Malapelle reports personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, MSD, Amgen, ThermoFisher Scientific, Eli Lilly, Diaceutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and AstraZeneca; personal fees for speakers’ bureau from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Roche, MSD, Amgen, Merck, ThermoFisher Scientific, Eli Lilly, Diaceutics, GlaxoSmithKline and QIAGEN. Carmine De Angelis reports personal fees as consultant and/or speakers' bureau from Roche, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Gilead and Seagen; research grant to the Institution from Novartis. Maria Vittoria Dieci reports personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from Eli Lilly, Exact Sciences, Novartis, Pfizer, Seagen, Gilead, MSD, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo and Roche. Matteo Lambertini reports personal fees for advisory role from Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Seagen, Gilead, MSD and Exact Sciences; speaker honoraria from Roche, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, Libbs, Daiichi Sankyo and Takeda; travel grants from Gilead; research support (to the Institution) from Gilead. Angela Toss reports personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Seagen, Gilead, MSD, AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo. Alberto Farolfi reports personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from AstraZeneca, GSK-Tesaro, Clovis and Janssen. Sandro Pignata reports speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Roche, PharmaMar, Tesaro, Pfizer and MSD; personal fees for consultancy/advisory role from AstraZeneca, Roche, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Tesaro and Clovis Oncology; research funding (to the Institution) from Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD and Pfizer. Michele Bartoletti reports personal fees for advisory board from GSK, MSD and EISAI; speaker fees from GSK and AstraZeneca; research grant from AstraZeneca and Roche; data monitoring committee for Novartis. Lorenzo Gerratana reports advisory/consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, Menarini Stemline, Abbvie; research funding from Menarini Silicon Biosystems; travel expenses from Menarini Stemline. Fabio Puglisi reports speaker honoraria from Roche, MSD, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Pfizer and Exact Sciences; consulting or advisory role for Roche, Amgen, Novartis, Pfizer, Eisai, Seagen, Pierre Fabre, AstraZeneca/Daiichi Sankyo, Viatris, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences and Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH; research funding (to the Institution) from Eisai, AstraZeneca and Roche; travel and accommodation expenses fees from Roche, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Amgen, AstraZeneca, MSD, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Pfizer. All reported potential conflicts of interest are outside the submitted work. All other authors have declared no potential conflicts of interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Throughout their experience of illness and during the course of treatment, a substantial proportion of cancer patients are prone to develop nutritional and/or metabolic disturbances. Additionally, cancer patients often encounter long-term side effects from therapies, which may lead to impaired digestion, nutrient absorption or bowel motility. Therefore, the preservation and maintenance of an optimal and balanced nutritional status are pivotal to achieving a better prognosis, increasing the tolerance and adherence to cancer therapies and improving the overall quality of life. In this context, personalized nutritional programs are essential for addressing conditions predisposing to weight loss, feeding difficulties, digestion problems and intestinal irregularity, with the goal of promoting adequate nutrient absorption and minimizing the detrimental effects of treatment regimens. The focus of this research is to examine the most common clinical conditions and metabolic changes that cancer patients may experience, including stomatitis, xerostomia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, sub-occlusion, dysgeusia, dysosmia, anorexia, and cachexia. Furthermore, we present a pragmatic example of a multidisciplinary workflow that incorporates customized recipes tailored to individual clinical scenarios, all while maintaining the hedonic value of the meals.