Search

Introducción: El flúor en agua potable ha demostrado ser efectivo contra las caries, sin embargo, una alta exposición a fluoruros es una de las principales causas de fluorosis dental en niños. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración de flúor en agua de consumo para conocer si constituye un factor de riesgo para la fluorosis dental en niños del sector rural de Cuenca-Ecuador. Metodos: El muestreo se realizó en nueve parroquias rurales del cantón, en tres puntos de red: (1) tanques de captación, (2) tanques de almacenamiento del sistema de potabilización, y (3) el sistema de distribución en escuelas, considerando el periodo estacional de verano (época sequía) o invierno (época lluviosa). Las determinaciones de flúor se realizaron con la técnica del ion selectivo. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que todas las muestras estuvieron debajo de la concentración de 1.5 mg/L (límite OMS), en los rangos: 0,0–0,0565 mg/L en los tanques de captación; 0,0–0,0440 mg/L en los tanques de almacenamiento; y 0,0–0,0525 mg/L en los sistemas de distribución de las instituciones educativas. La prueba ANOVA indicó que las variables parroquias y estación influyen en la concentración de fluoruros (valor p<0.01). Conclusiones: La concentración de flúor en el agua es menor a la concentración límites permitida, lo anterior permite descartar al agua potable como causa para el desarrollo de fluorosis dental. Los hallazgos presentados respaldan el investigar otros factores de riesgo como condiciones geográficas, alimentación, dentífricos, etc., debido a que la fluorosis dental constituye un problema multifactorial

Dental fluorosis is an important public health problem in the child population of developing countries. Objective: To determine the association between dental hygiene habits and moderate to severe dental fluorosis in children in the rural area of the canton of Cuenca. Methods: A case (n=109) control (n=128) study was carried out among children from rural parishes in Cuenca between October 2019 and February 2020. Cases were children with moderate to severe dental fluorosis according to Dean's index; while controls were healthy children without dental fluorosis of any type. A previously validated instrument was applied to evaluate dental hygiene habits and sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied to establish the association between hygiene habits and moderate to severe dental fluorosis.Results: The mean age of the cases was 9.3±1.5 years and 8.6± 1.3 for the controls. The age of the children (OR=1.37 CI95% 1.12;1.67 P=0.002), the use of adult toothpastes from the beginning of brushing (OR=2.38 CI95% 1.23;4.62 P=0.010), and the use of more toothpaste (OR=2.12 CI95% 1.02;4.40 P=0.044) were positively associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Results: The mean age of the cases was 9.3±1.5 years and 8.6± 1.3 for the controls. The age of the children (OR=1.37 CI95% 1.12;1.67 P=0.002), the use of adult toothpastes from the beginning of brushing (OR=2.38 CI95% 1.23;4.62 P=0.010), and the use of more toothpaste (OR=2.12 CI95% 1.02;4.40 P=0.044) were positively associated with the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Conclusion: Age, the use of adult toothpaste and the use of more toothpaste are associated with the risk of dental fluorosis. Strategies to promote proper dental hygiene should be promoted and future studies should analyze the costs and quality of toothpaste sold in Ecuador

Introduction. Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common infectious diseases for infants and preschool children. Objective: To evaluate early childhood caries and risk factors associated with dietary practices and nutritional status in children of 10-48 months old. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 142 children of medium-low socio-economic status from a governmental child-care center in Cuenca, Ecuador. Dental health, nutritional status and dietary patterns were assessed through clinical examination, anthropometric measurements and 24-hours dietary recalls, respectively. Results: Early childhood caries prevalence was high (95.8%) mostly of advanced stage (83.1%). No associations with nutritional status. Daily consumption of cariogenic foods was significantly higher during weekdays (11.1 ± 1.4) (p<0.001). The diet was categorized as low cariogenic risk (<34). Child’s age (OR=1.1; 95% CI: 1.041, 1.160, p=0.001) and the plaque index (OR=4.9; 95% CI: 1.331, 17.82; p=0.017) were positive determinants for advanced caries. Conclusions: The deteriorated dental health of this population was evidenced, being worse at older ages without any association with dietary patterns.

© 2019, European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Aim: To evaluate changes in the oral health status of children under the age of 14 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) attending a cancer centre before and after chemotherapy treatment. Materials and methods: A total of 32 children with ALL without distinction of gender were selected for study. The oral cavity of the patients was evaluated before the induction stage and 17 days later. Clinical evaluation of the submandibular, submental, and cervical lymph nodes was performed. Saliva samples were collected during the early morning hours. Bacterial plaque was assessed by using the Silness and Löe plaque index (SLPI) and gingiva status was evaluated with the gingival Löe and Silness index (GLSI). The WHO toxicity oral scale was used to record the degree of oral mucositis. The resulting data were analysed with McNemar’s test, t test (for related samples), and Wilcoxon test. Results: There were statistically significant differences for palpable lymph nodes, paleness of oral mucosa, and ecchymoseis, respectively, P ≤ 0.000, P = 0.03, and P = 0.01, with these manifestations decreasing significantly after treatment. Incipient gingivitis had frequencies of 71.9% and 75% before and after treatment, respectively. The mean SLPI score declined significantly from 1.16 ± 0.52 (before treatment) to 0.56 ± 0.36 (after treatment) (P < 0.000); salivary flow increased significantly from 0.54 ± 0.34 to 1.22 ± 1.07 after chemotherapy treatment (P < 0.00). Oral mucositis was present in 24 children (75%) with a 1–2 severity level. Conclusions: After chemotherapy treatment, there were changes in the oral conditions of children with ALL. Some manifestations decreased after treatment, whereas in others increased.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel according to the OMS classification in permanent teeth of children 7-14 years attending pediatric dentistry clinic. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 80 that pediatric patients 7-14 years who met the inclusion criteria during the period January 2016 - June 2016. The general data of children were recorded and he performed the valuation of permanent teeth present in the mouth, through the DDE index of OMS. Diference proportions, Chi-square test or Fisher test was obtained with a p = <0.05 statistical significance, measures of central tendency was also used. Results: The 98.75% of children had at some tooth enamel defects or damage your teeth. According to sex it was more prevalent in men defects 58.75% in women 40%, but no significant difference. According to age the results showed that there was no significant difference. Of all the pieces examined for surface defects they were more often diffuse opacity (cod.2) 22.8% by vestibular and the defined opacity (cod.1) occlusal 22.8%, followed by the defined opacity and diffuse (cod.5) 10.76% by vestibular. The most affected group was premolar tooth with 71.4%. It was observed that the extent of most frequent defect was 1/3 of the tooth crown to 58.09% by mole, 56.06% by incisors, 47.86% and 40.79% in premolars in dogs. Conclusions: The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel is high on our community children. The findings suggest that further studies should be performed to determine the possible risk factors associated with them to generate public health policies

The main purpose of this study is to determine THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD (DCEC) on children and its severity at the PERPETUO SOCORRO CHILDREN-HOMECARE. The American Dental Pediatric Association Criteria (AAPD); WHO (the ceos-ceod, Gruebbel) and the International System for Caries Detection and Evaluation (ICDAS II) scores, were used. We also included active-incipient caries as a component of dental caries. In order to standarise these criteria scores, a pilot test was made. We performed a transversal-descriptive study in 150 children, whose ages ranged from 10 to 48 months. The prevalence of the (DCEC) according to the AAPD criteria in the total population was 96%, with a severity index of 95,3%. The score of caries experience corresponded to 78,7%. If we take into consideration the incipient active caries index, the last value ascends to a 96% rate value which corresponds to the prevalence rate. In regard to the average value for the ceos index, a 14,37 rate was observed, and for the ceod index a 8,18. Value was obtained, with the caries component as predominant. Children whose ages ranged from 10 to 22 months, showed an average ceos index of 8,11; those aged from 23 to 35 months showed a value of 13,25 and those aged from 36 to 48 months showed a 19,58 value. In relation to the severity of dental caries (ICDAS II) Children whose ages ranged from 10 to 22 months, showed an average rate of 4,49 dental surfaces with initial lesions of caries (1-2); those aged from 23 to 35 months showed a value of 8,47 and those aged from 36 to 48 months showed an average rate of 8,89 dental surfaces. The rate of lessions with cavity (3-4-5-6) among children 10-22 months old was 4,14, where as in children 23-35 months old was 6,32 and in those children 36-48 months old was 9,67 surfaces. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant statistical difference (0,05) between CTI and age, this means that those children whose ages ranged from 10 to 22 mont

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, that aimed to evaluate oral hygiene practices and the bacterial plaque index in 150 children aged between 10-48 months, who attend the ―Centro de Cuidado infantil Perpetuo Socorro‖, in the city of Cuenca. According to the population’s general characteristics, the mean age was 31.31 months, the 63.3% were under three years old, and the 36.7% were older than three years old, of which 83 were men and 67 were women. The study initiated with the registration of each child and his or her general information, then, an oral hygiene survey of the practices of the child was realized to the parents and to the teachers of the center. Through the clinical oral examinations, the index of plaque of Loe Silness and the simplified hygiene index were obtained, the frequency of buccal hygene and the presence of bacterial plaque were calculated in relation of the age and the gender of the children, and the mean of the index of plaque of Loe Silness was evaluated in relation with the type and form of feeding. The mean of the index of plaque of Loe Silness was 1.53 in children under 3 years old (95 children), and in the children of 3 years old or more (55 children) it was 1.74, comparing the two groups, there was no significant difference (p = 0.000) by ANOVA test, that is to say that the mean of the plaque index increases as the child gets older; according the gender of children, and the mean plaque index, there was no significant difference in means between boys and girls (p = 0.17). According to the oral hygiene after feeding the child, when comparing the percentages obtained, the difference is statistically significant, p = 0.009, i.e. children who do not perform oral hygiene practices after feeding, have the mean of the plaque index, in risk (=> 1), so they can develop Early Childhood Caries. If a relation of plaque index to the type of food is related, it appears that of the 150 children examined 143 (95.3%) have values of risk (=> 1) an

OBJECTIVES: This is a descriptive research,which determines the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its risk factor.- POPULATION AND METHODS.- This research was made among 222 children,from 7 to 13 years old,who live at the rural parishes of Cuenca District.- We measured the fluor concentration in the water resources.We measured the fluor urinary excretion.Risk factors associated to dental fluorosis were looked for.- RESULTS: Schollars distribution according to their age,showed the following ranges:from 7 to 10years old,153 children(68.9%).From 11 to 13 years old: 69(31.1%).The distribution according to the gender was as follows:122(55%) male and a 100(45%)female. The prevalence of dental fluorosis is: 81.1%.The prevalence of dental fluorosis in relation to the level of fluorosis(Dean´s index) is as follows:Very light:23.4%,light 30.2%,moderate :23% and severe:4.1%.- Fluor contents i water ranges from:0.0 to 0.39 ppm.Low level content.- We did not find a significant difference:0,7,between dental fluorosis and fluor in urine when a chi square test was applied. Therefore quantifying fluor in urine is not good marker for detecting dental fluorisis .- CONCLUTIONS.- This research states that there is a high prevalence of dental fluorosis(81%)among 7-13 year old children who live at the rural parishes of Cuenca District.- In relation to the fluor content in water resources,the level was low:0,0-0,39 ppm..Fluor urinary excretion is not a good marker for fluorosis