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Haringhata Black is the only registered indigenous poultry genetic resource of West Bengal till date. Molecular characterization of HB revealed that Bu-1 to be highly glycoylated transmembrane protein unlike mammalian Bu-1, whereas TLR2 of HB chicken was observed to be rich in Leucine rich repeat. HB chicken was observed to be genetically close to chicken of Japan, while distant to chicken breed of UK and Chicago. Avian species wise evolution study indicates genetic closeness of HB chicken with turkey. Differential mRNA expression profile for the immune response genes (TLR2, TLR4 and Bu1 gene) were studied for HB chicken with respect to other chicken breed and poultry birds, which reveals that HB chicken were better in terms of B cell mediated immunity and hence better response to vaccination. Hence HB chicken is one of the best poultry genetic resources to be reared under backyard system where biosecurity measures are almost lacking.

RIG-I is associated to the DExD/H box RNA Helicases. It is a Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR), playing a crucial role in the system and is a germ line encoded host sensor to perceive Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns or PAMPs. So far reports were available for the role of RIG-I in antiviral immunity. This is the first report we have documented the role of RIG-I in parasitic immunity.Haemonchus contortusis a deadly parasite affecting sheep industry which has a tremendous economic importance and the parasite reported to be prevalent in the hot and humid agroclimatic region. We had characterized RIG-I gene in sheep (Ovis aries) and identified the important domains or binding site withHaemonchus contortusthroughin silicostudies. Differential mRNA expression analysis revealed upregulation of RIG-I gene in abomassum of infected sheep compared to that of healthy sheep, further confirming the findings. Thus it is evident that in infected sheep, expression of RIG-I is triggered for binding to more pathogen (Haemonchus contortus). Genetic similar studies with human and other livestock species were conducted to reveal that sheep may be efficiently used a model organism for studying the role of RIG-I in antiparasitic immunity of human.

Active Sn(0) particles are synthesized in high yields by the chemical reduction of the blue–black stannous oxide using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as reducing agent at 40 °C and 60 °C. The Sn(0) particles are characterized using powder XRD, SEM, and DSC. The as-synthesized Sn(0) particles are applied as reagent for the regioselective synthesis of homopropargyl alcohols from propargyl bromide and aldehydes in distilled water at room temperature (in 50%–84% yields). No assistance of heat, microwave, ultrasound, organic co-solvent, co-reagent, or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The propargylation reaction is highly chemoselective towards aldehyde over other less electrophilic carbonyl functional groups such as ketone, amide, and carboxylic acid. Our in-house synthesized homopropargyl alcohols can be used to synthesize conjugated 1,3-diynes.

A novel redox-driven method to synthesize Pd-γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite from Fe 3 O 4 and PdCl 2 under modified hydrothermal technique has been developed. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, FESEM, TEM and EDX to understand the composition as well as morphology. The Pd-γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite was found to show excellent catalytic activity towards Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in water without the assistance of ligands, organic solvents or phase transfer catalysts. A wide range of functional substitutions in aryl halide as well as arylboronic acid moieties is tolerated in the developed protocol. The nanocatalyst can be recovered magnetically, and reused up to six cycles without significant loss in its catalytic activity.

Active bismuth is synthesized by the chemical reduction of bismuth trichloride using freshly prepared sodium stannite solution as the reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized active bismuth is applied as a reagent for the synthesis of homoallyl alcohol/homopropargyl alcohol from allyl bromide/propargyl bromide and carbonyl compounds in water at $$50\,{^{\circ }}\hbox {C}$$ . The homoallyl amines are also synthesized from N-tosyl aldimines and allyl bromide using active bismuth reagent in good yields. No assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere is required for this reaction. The waste bismuth material obtained after the completion of the organic reaction can be reduced to active bismuth by sodium stannite solution and successfully reused for mediating the allylation of aldehydes. Synopsis Active bismuth mediated allylation/crotylation of aldehydes is developed in water to get homoallyl alcohols. The method is also applied for the allylation of N-tosyl aldimines and propargylation of aldehydes in water to achieve the homoallyl amines and homopropargyl alcohols, respectively. The reactions do not require the assistance of organic co-solvent, co-reagent, phase transfer catalyst or inert atmosphere.

Biodiversity in West Bengal, India is enormous in terms of climate and living creatures, particularly animals. Livestock species as sheep and goat forms the main backbone for rural economy and reared basically for meat production. The objective of the present study was to characterize them and study the growth, biomorphometric traits, reproduction, wool characteristics, blood biochemical profile, and disease resistance traits and aimed to reveal the biodiversity existing within the goat and sheep breeds reared in different agroclimatic zones of the state. Phylogenetic tree constructed by multivariate cluster analysis with identified traits of eight different sheep breeds of eastern India revealed the emergence of Birbhum sheep as a genetically distinct sheep breed of dry arid region of India with greater percentage of rudimentary ear as its unique physical characteristic. Molecular characterization with mitochondrial gene as Cytochrome B gene confirmed genetic uniqueness of Birbhum sheep. Black Bengal (BB) goat was found to be the only goat breed distributed throughout the West Bengal.

The intestinal gut health is one of the primary determinants of broiler growth and performance. Among the various enteric diseases, necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enterotoxemic disease caused by Clostridium perfringens, which can result in severe economic losses in poultry farming. Antibiotics like bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) and avilamycin (AVL) are commonly used antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed to control necrotic enteritis in birds. Bacillus subtilis PB6 was reported to prevent necrotic enteritis and improve performance in birds. This paper investigated the influence of Bacillus subtilis PB6 in improving the performance of broiler birds in comparison with BMD and avilamycin. A 35 day trial was conducted with 240 day-old commercial broiler chicks (VenCobb 400), which were divided into four treatment groups, where each treatment group was composed of 6 replicates each containing 10 birds, for a total of 60 birds per treatment. The treatment groups included a negative control (no AGP), Bacillus subtilis PB6, BMD, and avilamycin. The parameters analyzed included body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, villus histomorphometry, and European efficiency factor (EEF). Bacillus subtilis PB6 significantly (P < 0.05) improved body weight and FCR (8 points) compared to the control. The group supplemented with B. subtilis PB6 or BMD had higher (P < 0.05) body weight compared to all other treatment groups. The supplementation of B. subtilis PB6 significantly improved the villus height (P < 0.05) compared to control and other AGP groups. The EEF was found to be the highest in the B. subtilis PB6 supplemented group at 35th day as compared to other treatment groups. The combined data from this study indicate that supplementation of B. subtilis PB6 improves overall performance of broilers compared to BMD and avilamycin, and can be used as potential AGP replacement in poultry farming.

A nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols with carbon (arene, heteroarene, and allyltrimethylsilane), sulfur (thiol), oxygen (alcohol), and nitrogen (sulfonamide) nucleophiles has been demonstrated using a high-valent [Ir(COD)(SnCl(3))Cl(mu-Cl)](2) catalyst in 1,2-dichloroethane to afford the corresponding propargylic products in moderate to excellent yields. Alkyl or aryl substituted tertiary propargylic alcohols produce substituted indenes with bulky arenes via allenylic intermediate. An electrophilic mechanism is proposed from Hammett correlation.