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Background: The common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) is a generalist species that hosts several parasites. Nevertheless, no information is available on the specific parasites that this species may host when it inhabits urban areas. Objective: To evaluate the presence and frequency of gastrointestinal parasites of urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley, Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: A total of 70 opossums were captured in six protected urban areas using Tomahawk traps during six months. From these animals we obtained 65 fecal samples which were fixed wit SAF solution and analyzed with direct smear and sedimentation techniques. Results: Sixty-one samples were positive for, at least, one parasite (93.9%) and 60 were positive for two or more parasites, averaging five parasites per animal. We observed nematodes in 58 samples (89.2%), protozoa in 46 samples (70.7%), acanthocephalans in 29 samples (44.6%), and cestodes in eight samples (12.3%). The most frequent parasite was Aspidodera spp. in 80% of the samples. In addition, this is the first study reporting the presence of eggs of Toxocara spp., Hymenolepis spp., an Oxyuridae parasite, and coccidians Eimeria didelphidis, E. caluromydis, and E. marmosopos in D. marsupialis. The latter is also reported in Colombia for the first time. Toxacara spp. is common to dogs and cats, while Hymenolepis and Oxiuridae are common to rodents. We found no association between parasites and sex or life stage of opossums, nor to the urban area of origin. Conclusions: Urban opossums in the Aburrá Valley host a high frequency and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites compared to other areas in Latin America. Some parasites are reported here for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to emphasize the role of health education as an important factor in reaching out to the population to reduce and spread parasitic pathogens.Materials and methods. By analyzing the statistical data of Annual Reports on parasitic diseases of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in Kemerovo Region - Kuzbass, the most common parasitic diseases in the population in the region have been established. Sanitary and educational activities were conducted with pre-school and school-age children (students of Grades 8–11) in the direction of bringing to the audience information about the types of parasites of medical importance registered in children and adults in Kuzbass and how to protect themselves from them. Oral and visual information methods were used (conversation, message, lecture, quiz, game, information leaflets and stands, leaflets, brochures, videos).Results and discussion. It is important for a medical student from the first year of the educational process to understand the role of sanitary and educational activities in his future profession as a doctor, and the relevance of personal prophylaxis measures against human parasitic pathogens. First-year students who won a grant in the contest of student ESG projects in the field of ecology and social orientation from Sberbank PJSC on social issues related to the population of Kuzbass with the project “Sanitary and Educational Activities in Parasitosis” implemented their ideas on preventive measures in educational institutions of Kuzbass. The educational activities were aimed at informing the educational audience about the causative agents of parasitic diseases registered by medical institutions among the child population of the region. The “NoParasites” team held talks and lectures on personal preventive measures against parasitic diseases. Brochures were developed and an information stand for parents was installed in the kindergarten. From the point of view of the department's activity the implemented student project has an educational orientation, forms worthy professional and personal qualities in future doctors.

Realizou-se por meio de uma revisão integrativa um levantamento de diferentes abordagens para o ensino de Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) no ensino fundamental. A LV é uma doença negligenciada de grande importância no Brasil. As produções utilizaram do lúdico como estratégia para ensino da LV e alcançaram resultados positivos, entretanto o foco das abordagens e seleção do conteúdo nem sempre foram adequados podendo comprometer os objetivos do ensino em saúde. Para uma mudança significativa no cenário atual alarmante da LV se faz necessária a incorporação de atividades de educação em saúde em um processo de educação continuada, que envolva diversos agentes da sociedade, incluindo as crianças, com cuidado ao conhecimento científico atualizado do tema.

Este estudo objetivou analisar atividades de intervenções educativas como forma de mediar informações sobre parasitoses intestinais e esquistossomose com escolares no estado do Rio de Janeiro. As obras foram recuperadas em diferentes plataformas até 2021, sendo analisados formato e conteúdo de Parasitologia. Foram recuperadas 19 obras, cuja atividades foram aplicadas principalmente em escolas estaduais (47,3%), no ensino fundamental II (73,7%) e nas escolas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O jogo foi a estratégia mais utilizada (68,4%) e os parasitos mais abordados foram Ascaris lumbricoides e Giardia duodenalis. A partir das análises verificou-se que as atividades aplicadas foram consideradas estratégias de ensino interessantes, que merecem ser utilizadas nas escolas para tornar os conteúdos mais atraentes.

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As doenças parasitárias são infecções frequentemente diagnosticadas em animais selvagens, dentre estas estão as parasitoses gastrointestinais que afetam diversas espécies. Os animais mantidos em cativeiro estão susceptíveis à estas enfermidades devido ao estresse, manejos sanitários e nutricionais deficientes, instalações inadequadas e superlotação de indivíduos em recintos. No entanto, as endo parasitoses podem cursar de maneira clínica ou subclínica, possuindo ou não caráter zoonótico. O presente trabalho traçou o perfil parasitológico de espécimes de Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) cativos do parque zoobotânico de Arruda Câmara (PZAC) em João Pessoa, Paraíba por meio da realização de exame coproparasitológico, escolhidos por serem métodos de baixo custo, rápidos e pouco invasivos, necessitando de poucos equipamentos para a sua execução, além de ser um eficaz exame diagnóstico. Foram utilizadas técnicas de flutuação simples e exame direto como meio qualitativo das amostras, possibilitando assim a visualização e identificação dos parasitos encontrados nas fezes.

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Copyright of Revista Prevenção de Infecção e Saúde is the property of Revista Prevencao de Infeccao e Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O Pinguim-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) é uma ave marinha que tem apresentado redução no número de indivíduos em colônias naturais, sendo importante o levantamento de informações sobre parasitoses e outras patologias, que podem acometer esta espécie, assim como a integração de iniciativas em prol da conservação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a helminto fauna de pinguins-de-magalhães, o escore de condição corpórea e lesões macroscópicas nos animais recolhidos no litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizados exames pós-morte de 41 espécimes de pinguins-de-magalhães, encontrando-se prevalência de 82,9% (34/41) de pinguins parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de helminto. Todos os pinguins eram jovens e 95,1% (39/41) apresentavam escore ruim, 24,4% (10/41) bom e 4,9 % (2/41) regular. Dentre os positivos, 29,4% (10/34) continham algum tipo de resíduo antropogênico no estômago e apenas 2,9% (1/34) apresentava mancha de óleo nas penas.

A pecuária brasileira está em constante desenvolvimento, contudo ainda enfrenta grandes problemas com parasitoses, diminuindo o desempenho do rebanho e consequentemente causando prejuízos econômicos. Os estrongilídeos são parasitos comumente observados no trato gastrointestinal destes animais e provocam danos como retardo do crescimento e diminuição de desempenho e isso se torna ainda mais evidente quando nos referimos aos pequenos ruminantes. Sabendo-se da importância destes parasitos gastrointestinais objetiva-se com esta revisão, discutir aspectos relacionados às parasitoses por estrongilídeos nos ruminantes bem como estratégias de controle.

Objective: Identify the frequency, socioeconomic factors, health, hygiene habits that condition the enteroparasitoses, and to evaluate the physical characteristics of the environment related to intestinal parasites. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative research, carried out with children registered in two basic health units aged 3 and 7 years, in the Pau dos Ferros / RN city. The sample consisted by 90 children, that parasitological stool examinations were carried out by means of spontaneous sedimentation, who answered the semi-structured interview. The children who had their collected feces were mapped from the spatial location, using gps, to analyze the characteristics of the environment in which they live. Result: There was a frequency of 50% of children with enteroparasitosis; protozoa showed a prevalence of 100%, with Endolimax nana being the most frequent, with 41.1% of positive cases for monoparasites. As for the polyparasitized E. nana e E. histolytica/díspar presented in 50% of the cases. An association with enteroparasitosis and nail biting was identified. It is noteworthy that 63.3% of households had garbage in their vicinity. Conclusion: The frequency of intestinal parasites was high, signaling the lack of effective actions for the control and prevention of these pathologies, requiring programs or interventions aimed at the prevention, control and / or eradication of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enteroparasitoses são um grupo de doenças provocadas por helmintos e protozoários, que vivendo na luz intestinal de crianças e adultos, determinam condições que podem culminar com déficit para o processo de escolarização. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi fazer um levantamento da prevalência de enteroparasitoses e fatores de risco para estas infecções em escolares de uma cidade do sertão alagoano. Para isso, uma amostra de fezes foi coletada e uma lâmina foi lida para cada participante. Um questionário semiestruturado foi aplicado para o conhecimento dos fatores de risco associados à infecção parasitária. dos 107 participantes do estudo, 48 destes (45%) estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasita. As espécies de parasitas encontradas foram: Entamoeba coli (39,58%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (29,16%), Giardia lamblia (20,8%), Endolimax nana (16,6%), Iodamoeba butschilii (12,5%), Trichuris trichiura (10,41%), Hymenolepis nana (4,16%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4,16%) e Strongyloides stercoralis (2,08%). Dos positivos, 52% eram do sexo feminino, 64,5% moravam em casa própria, 60,4% tinham o pai como chefe da família, 70,8% moravam em rua com esgoto correndo a céu aberto, 79,1% afirmaram lavar as mãos antes das refeições e 83,3% também após usar o banheiro, 75% possuíam o hábito de brincar em locais com terra e 64,5% moravam em ruas com criação de animais, mas 72,9% possuíam o hábito de andar calçado. Nenhuma das variáveis analisadas apresentou associação estatística significativa com a variável dependente infecção parasitária. Assim, esse estudo evidencia que na cidade em estudo ainda há uma elevada prevalência da infecção discente por enteroparasitas.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Dioctophyme renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas received 146 wandering dogs for necropsy, sent by the City Hall of Pelotas from March 2012 to January 2020. Among the necropsied animals, seventeen dogs (11.64%) were diagnosed with dioctophymosis. Among these dogs, 11 were parasitized with one specimen in the right kidney, two dogs presented two specimens in the right kidney, and in other two dogs, the parasites were in the abdominal cavity. In one dog, two parasites were found in the left kidney; in another dog, both kidneys were parasitized, with two parasites in the right kidney and one in the left kidney. The data obtained in this study showed that the occurrence of D. renale in stray dogs in the city of Pelotas is high, and D. renale mainly parasitizes the right kidney.

Anthelmintic resistance has been a major obstacle in sheep farming, given this problem, other tools have been used as an alternative to control gastrointestinal parasites, among them, herbal medicine with the use of vegetable oils and extracts stands out. The objective of the present work was to evaluate in vitro the bioactivity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae) on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Three dilutions of the aqueous extract were tested: 100%, 50% and 25% with three repetitions per treatment, forming two control groups, a negative control (distilled water) and positive control (Albendazole). The negative control larvae cultures revealed infective larvae of the genus Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus, with a predominance of the first genus. The aqueous extract of the leaves of H. suaveolens at a concentration of 100% showed effective in vitro bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de curtas-metragens de animação que abordaram conteúdo de parasitologia, analisando formato e conteúdo. O mesmo foi realizado em três etapas: a primeira consistiu no levantamento dos vídeos online, e na segunda e terceira foram recuperadas informações de formato e conteúdo. Foram recuperados 21 curtas-metragens brasileiros. Destes, mais de 45% foram produzidos por Instituições públicas e tinham a duração entre 4 a 6 minutos. Cerca de 52,4% utilizou o diálogo entre personagens e narração para mediar informação, retratando o médico como principal profissional. As parasitoses mais abordadas foram malária e esquistossomose. Pode-se concluir que o curta-metragem tem elevado potencial para ser aplicado nas escolas com ferramenta midiática por ser um vídeo objetivo.

Summary: The article is dedicated the problem of diagnosing parasites, including socially significant ones. The relevance of the problem of parasites is associated with their prevalence, polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which complicate the diagnosis of these diseases; cascade of various reactions from the body of the invaded people, the most common of which are toxic-allergic reactions and immunosuppressive states, and the absence of specific methods of prevention. The causative agents of some parasites are potential biological threat factors; there is now a real risk of intentional spread of infections, including parasitic diseases, through bioterrorism or the use of biological weapons. The purpose of the research is improvement the monitoring, regulation; and improvement of the parasitological situation in the Kharkiv region by enhancing sanitary and epidemiological control of environmental objects, and to introduce molecular parasitology methods to improve monitoring of parasitic contamination and factor lesions. The shown necessity of improvement the system of monitoring of parasitoses and the level of contamination of parasites by environmental factors; the necessity to introduce molecular diagnostic techniques for improve the diagnosis of parasitoses, as well as the practical application of molecular medicine techniques to improvement of laboratory, clinical and epidemiological diagnosis of parasitoses in Ukraine; describes the current problems of the State Consumer Service of our country, possible ways of solving them at the state level: by strengthening the control by state institutions for preventing the pollution processes of environmental objects; and the necessity to develop by specialists the National Program for Parasitic Diseases Control, Diagnosis and Prevention.

The purpose of the research is to study the contamination of environmental objects and Toxocara canis transmission in the occurrence of the people’s risk of becoming infected.Materials and methods. 481 fecal samples of anonymous dogs were studied for the period from 2011 to 2015 in order to determine the rate of Toxocara sp. infection in dogs in various territories on the south of Russia (the Rostov Region, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia). Fecal samples were taken in the spring-summer time from the territories of private residences. Helminthovoscopic studies of fecal samples were carried out by the Fulleborn method using a saturated solution of sodium nitrate, and ether-formalin sedimentation method using concentrators of the MiniParasep system. To calculate the number of Toxocara sp. eggs in 1g of feces, a VIGIS camera was used. Seroepidemiological diagnostics of 5194 blood serums of southern Russia population deemed to be healthy was carried out in order to identify specific class G antibodies to T. canis for 2011–2018. Toxocara-IgG-IFA-BEST reagents were used as diagnostic test systems. Enzyme immunoassay was performed according to the instructions.Results and discussion. In the study of 481 samples of depersonalized feces of dogs in various territories of southern Russia, the proportion of positive samples averaged 29.31%, while the proportion of samples with T. canis eggs ranged from 6.0% in the Krasnodar Territory to 16.7% in the Republic of Adygea. Toxocara sp. eggs were found in 42.2% of samples. The analysis showed the fluctuations in the incidence of toxocarosis from 1.33 in 2014 to 2.19 in 2018 per 100 thousand. The seropositivity level of the examined individuals was in the range of 19.5–40.9% in the Rostov Region, 17.0–25.0% in the Astrakhan region, 21.78–37.11% in the Krasnodar Territory, 22.5–47.0% in the Republic of Adygea, 34.0–42.27% in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, 13.8% in the Chechen Republic and 19.9% in the Republic of Crimea.

The purpose of the research is to develop a list of preventive measures to improve the parasitological situation based on the sanitary-parasitological analysis of the environment in the south of Russia.Materials and methods. The work was performed in 2014–2016 at the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology of Rospotrebnadzor. There was an analysis performed, and statistical processing done, for the results of our own studies, which were received during the epidemiological and epizootological experiments and materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Directorates for the Southern Federal District entities on parasitological situation in the regions and cities in order to determine the parameters of a nosological profile of the infectious pathology of humans and animals in the Southern Federal District, study the role of parasitosis in the pathology of humans and animals and compile the initial data for the development of a regional system to control the epizootic manifestations of echinococcosis and toxocarosis in humans and animals. A comprehensive epizootological approach was applied using helminthological studies of various environmental objects and individual methods of modern prognostics. Biomonitoring for epidemiologically significant factors of the parasitosis transmission in the south of Russia was performed.Results and discussion. The developed structure of the epidemiological significance of environmental objects in parasitic diseases made the possibility to rationally plan a structure of epidemiological environmental objects to be selected for sanitary and parasitological studies in specific territories depending on the structure of parasitosis incidence. It was identified that wastewater and its sludge are still the most epidemiologically significant objects. In 2014–2016, 71.4% of viable parasitic agents in the Rostov Region and 50% in the Republic of Adygea were detected in drainage water before being treated by sewage treatment plants. In both territories, the ovogram of the parasitic pathogens detected was identical with predominant (more than 50%) detection of Toxocara sp. eggs. Next, according to detection frequency, are less determined eggs of ascaris, pinworms, taeniidae, hookworms, dicrocoelium and tapeworms. The results of the sanitary-parasitological monitoring of the substrates of sewage treatment plants in 2018 showed that the proportion of positive samples in the Republic of Adygea was 80.0% with AI 0.1–0.3 ind./l and the Rostov Region – 55.6% with AI 0.1–0.2 ind./l. Soil and sand samples were positive in 33.3% of cases; the seeding rate was 8 ind./kg. In all territories, the spectrum of detected pathogens of parasitoses in the soil was almost identical: Toxocara sp. eggs, eggs of roundworms, pinworms, etc.

ABSTRACT: This study carried out a survey about enteropathogenic agents in domestic cats’ shelter as a stage of investigation for the intermittent chronic diarrhea. Individual fecal samples from 39 cats with free access to the external environment were submitted to parasitological examination, parvovirus, and coronavirus by PCR, and Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and Tritrichomonas foetus by real-time PCR. From the cats evaluated, 30 (76.9%) were positive for one or more enteric agents, and coinfections were observed in 11 cats samples (28.2%). Helminth eggs were observed in 48.7% of cats (19/30), 16 (41%) were positive for parvovirus or coronavirus and 25.6% (10/30) were infected by protozoa. From the positives for protozoa, five cats were positive to T. foetus (12.82%). The first finding of this protozoan through PCR was in the southern Brazil, and the second was in the whole country. Chronic diarrhea in cats may be multifactorial in shelter animals where the population density is high and the control of parasitic, and viral infections are deficient. Moreover, it is due to poor hygiene conditions in these shelters. The factors associated with the proliferation of infectious diseases in shelters are correlated with new pathogens infections such as T. foetus.

The purpose of the research is to study the species composition of intestinal parasitosis agents in ruminant animals in citizens’ private farms in Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan. Materials and methods. The work has been executed in the Epizootology, Parasitology and Radiobiology Department at the Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Science named after N.E.Bauman and in citizens’ private farms in Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan during autumn-winter period in 2016-2017. 586 fecal specimen, including 364 samples of cattle, 168 samples of sheep and 54 samples of goats, have been studied by the modified method of flotation. Animals extent of invasion were determined as well as average number of helminth eggs and eimeria oocyst in 1 g of feces were calculated with the help of VIGIS count chamber. Kheisin key was used to identify eimeria types. Statistical analysis of numeric material was carried out with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor. Results and discussion. Eggs of helminth classes Fasciola, Moniezia, Nematodirus, Trichocephalus as well as eimeria oocyst had been founded in cattle and small ruminants fecal specimen. On investigated areas the degree of infection by fascioles was 28.2%, by moniezia 41.5%, by nematodirus 52.7%, by trichocephalus 28.3%, and by eimeria 51.3%. Small ruminants were infected with fascioles in 56.5%, moniezia in 52.7%, thysaniezia in 15.7%, nematodirus in 58.1%, trichocephalus in 38.5%, and eimeria in 21.3%. Taking into consideration prevalence of parasitosis of ruminant animal in private farms of Vysokogorny and Laishevskiy districts of the Republic of Tatarstan it is necessary to make up a plan of antiparasitic measures inclusive of climate pattern and developmental biology of agents.

Venezuela is in the midst of a humanitarian crisis with a dangerous cocktail of hyperinflation, violence, minimal local food production, and policies that impact the nutrition for millions of Venezuelans. Independent data suggests that most Venezuelans are food insecure, with alarming rates of acute and chronic malnutrition, especially among children. A re-emergence of poverty-related intestinal parasitoses and anemia has aggravated their health. With little to no response from public authorities, Venezuela is now the lowest-ranked country in the world in deworming coverage. Modest independent and private epidemiological studies suggest prevalence rates as high as 60% in some regions. This article reviews public health policies regarding malnutrition and intestinal parasitoses and aims to provide a rational approach based on international recommendations for countries in crisis.

A criação cativa de serpentes tem sido cada vez mais intensificada devido ao seu uso como pet, conservação de animais selvagens, importância em pesquisas, desenvolvimento tecnológico, produção de soro antipeçonha e outros produtos. O parasitismo nestes animais é frequente, podendo atingir alta carga parasitária, a qual pode ser intensificada com o estresse de cativeiro que leva à depressão do sistema imunológico. Os parasitos não apenas influenciam na viabilidade dos animais mantidos em cativeiro, como também podem ter potencial zoonótico. Esta revisão visa auxiliar profissionais da área na manutenção adequada de serpentes em cativeiro.

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus and Ehrlichia spp. in wild captive carnivores was evaluated in a zoological park in midwestern Brazil. Serum samples were collected between 2007 and 2014 from 45 carnivores. Antibodies were evaluated by virus neutralization assay for CDV, hemagglutination inhibition test for parvovirus, indirect immunofluorescent and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Ehrlichia spp. Antibodies against CDV and parvovirus were detected in 75% of Canidae and Felidae. Procyonidae were negative for CDV, although one Mustelidae was positive. TwoCanidae presented antibodies reactive to E. canis antigens. The high antibodies rates to CDV and parvovirus suggest the contact with both pathogens, however since no clinical history of disease are registered in the Zoo-UFMT, we can presume that carnivores have responded satisfactorily against the antigens. The low serological rates observed against Ehrlichia spp. may be resulted to the low occurrence of ticks among carnivores.

The intestinal parasites determined by the helminths and protozoa accompany and characterize the underdevelopment of the populations. They are common in the suburbs of large cities and rural areas, especially in school and nursery school aged children. This study had as objective to carry out coproparasitological and epidemiological survey in children from 0 to 6 years old in the Public Nursery school Napoleão Nunes in the district of Dom Corrêa, municipality of Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We submitted the students a parasitological survey and to their parents or guardians; they answered too an epidemiological questionnaire. Were performed the parasitological analysis using the spontaneous sedimentation technique (HPJ). Three (11.0%) from the 27 (58.7%) analyzed samples were positive for Giardia lamblia. There was a slight prevalence of intestinal parasites, what, according to the questionnaire responses, can be justified by the strong hygienic mindset that the nursery school professionals have with the facilities. We considered that the good hygiene practices with the children a significant factor in the prevention of health problems, what decreases the risk of infection. Parasitological surveys of this nature should be part of the routine of the school environment, in an attempt to identify, diagnose and treat the affected individuals, making the environment they live in less polluted and the children healthier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doenças relacionadas a parasitoses mostram-se um relevante problema de saúde pública devido às diferentes complicações que estas podem causar, e o fornecimento de dados epidemiológicos tem o objetivo de reverter esse quadro. O trabalho visou avaliar a frequência de ovos e larvas de helmintos no município de Macapá, assim como a influência da sazonalidade na incidência da contaminação das praças públicas nos períodos compreendidos como inverno e verão. Nesse estudo foi analisado uma amostra contendo três pontos estratégicos de solo de cada praça, totalizando 39 praças, divididas em diferentes bairros. A escolha foi feita de acordo com as zonas que dividem o município, totalizando 39 amostras em recipientes devidamente vedados. Os métodos utilizados foram: Hoffman, Direto, Willis e Baermann Moraes. Os resultados mostraram a alta carga parasitária nos locais públicos, principalmente na época do inverno, onde se notou a alta prevalência de ovos Toxocara spp. no período do verão e, no período do inverno, obteve-se a prevalência maior de ovos de Ancylostoma spp., o que justifica uma ação imediata do poder público em relação a presença desses agentes no meio ambiente, com controle de animais, saneamento básico, disponibilização de tratamento e manutenção periódica das praças públicas. ============================================ Diseases related to parasitosis are a relevant public health problem due to the different complications that these can cause, and the provision of epidemiological data is aimed at reversing this situation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the frequency of eggs and larvae of helminths in the county of Macapá, as well as the influence of seasonality on the incidence of contamination of public squares in seasons from winter to summer. In this study 1 sample containing 3 strategic points of soil of each square was analyzed, totaling 39 squares, divided in different neighborhoods. The choice was made according to the zones that divide the county, totaling 39 samples in properly sealed containers. The methods used were: Hoffman, Direct, Willis and Baermann Moraes. The results showed the high parasitic load in the public places, mainly in the winter season, when we noted a high prevalence of Toxocara spp. In the summer and winter we obtained a highest prevalence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs, which justifies an immediate action by the public authorities regarding the presence of these agents in the environment, with control of animals, basic sanitation, availability of treatment and periodic maintenance of public squares.

O presente artigo relata a experiência no desenvolvimento de um curso de extensão em Parasitologia Humana, com visão interdisciplinar e interprofissional, conduzido por docentes de diferentes áreas da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia. O objetivo é expor a contribuição dessas docentes na construção teórico-prática do curso, mostrando a importância da educação e do trabalho interprofissionais na área da saúde. O método da aprendizagem baseada em problemas foi adaptado e utilizado para a construção de nove encontros teóricos, duas aulas de prática em laboratório e uma ação na comunidade. Como disparadores das discussões, as situações-problema construídas, com base na realidade local, conduziram os participantes à busca de informações sobre o parasita em estudo. A visão interdisciplinar e interprofissional do curso propiciou a valorização e a abordagem ampliada do tema por meio das diversas vivências e dos saberes trazidos das diferentes áreas de atuação de seus participantes.

Introdução: A contaminação de praças ou ambientes de recreação por ovos de geohelmintos constitui um problema de saúde pública. O solo, com relação aos helmintos parasitas se comporta como um hospedeiro intermediário. Recebe fezes ou água contaminada por parasitas em estágios não infectantes, oferecendo-lhes condições para o desenvolvimento e protege os parasitas em estágios infectantes durante certo tempo para, posteriormente, transmiti-lo ao homem. O objetivo é verificar a ocorrência e a contaminação ambiental por parasitas com potencial zoonótico no solo de escolas infantis em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo delineamento transversal, observacional e descritivo. A coleta foi através de amostras de areia em dez escolas de dois municípios, as coletas do material foram de cinco pontos diferentes, tanto da profundidade quanto da superfície, totalizando-se 100 amostras analisadas. As amostras de areia foram processadas em laboratório através dos métodos de Rugai e Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Resultados: Análise total (N = 100) dos dois municípios, totalizando 50 amostras de cada. A contaminação das areias, por ovos de Ancylostoma spp., foi de 54% (n=27) no município I, sendo encontrados 56% (n=28) na cidade II. Conclusão: A ocorrência de ovos de Ancylostoma spp. no ambiente de recreação enfatiza a importância da adoção de medidas restritivas rígidas que impeçam a entrada de animais, como cães e gatos em locais de lazer. Além desses parasitas serem capazes de comprometer a saúde de humanos e infectar outros animais. Palavras-chave: Helmintíase; larva migrans; parasitoses; Ancylostoma spp; escola infantil

Introduction: Contamination of squares or recreational environments with geohelminth eggs is a public health problem. The soil serves as an intermediate host to helminths. It receives feces or water contaminated with parasites in non-infective stages, providing them with conditions for development, and protects parasites in infective stages for some time and then transmits them to humans. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of environmental contamination with parasites with zoonotic potential in the soil of nursery schools in two municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was conducted. Soil samples were collected at ten schools in two municipalities, from five different school sites in terms of both depth and surface. Soil samples were processed at a laboratory using the methods of Rugai and Hoffman, Pons and Janer. Results: In total, 100 samples from the two municipalities were analyzed, 50 samples each. Soil contamination with Ancylostoma spp. eggs was 54% (n=27) in city I and 56% (n=28) in city II. Conclusions: The occurrence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in recreational environments shows the importance of adopting strict restrictive measures to prevent animals, such as dogs and cats, from entering leisure areas. Also, these parasites may compromise human health and infect other animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around 20% of losses in animal productivity are directly related to parasites, which are, for the most part, acquired through a contaminated environment. On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite, popularly known as bleach, is used as a chemical disinfectant. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the action of 2.5 and 5% sodium hypochlorite on the larval development of strongyles in coprocultures. Three experimental groups were formed in coprocultures: G1 (10 grams of feces + 20 g of vermiculite + 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite), G2 (10 grams of feces + 20 g of vermiculite + 5 mL of sodium hypochlorite 5%), G3 (10 grams of feces + 20 g of vermiculite + 5 mL of distilled water). After forming the groups, the coprocultures were incubated at 28°C for 10 days. After this period, L3 were extracted, quantified, and identified. The results demonstrated a reduction in the recovery of L3 from stool cultures in the treated groups compared to the control group. The percentage of L3 reduction was 97.8% in G1 and 99.5% in G2. The most observed strongyle species at the end of the experiment were: Haemonchus contortus (65%), Cooperia spp. (20%), Trichostrongylus spp (10%) and Oesophagostomum (5%). It is concluded that the use of sodium hypochlorite in the concentrations evaluated can be used in the routine of rural properties in the facilities and thus help to reduce the recurrence of helminthiasis in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundamental and applied studies on the regularities of formation and functioning of parasitic systems and their components in natural and agricultural biocenoses of different ecological and climatic zones in Russian Federation and some CIS countries were carried out. Monitoring and forecast of epizootic situation on parasitic diseases in farm animals and wildlife was conducted. Methods for prevention and fight against parasitoses were elaborated. Search for the next generation of diagnostic tools and complex remedies for protection of animals was conducted.

Savel’eva N. N. Состояние системы перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом I-II степени тяжести, сочетающегося с паразитозами = Lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant defence state in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis severity stages I-II combined with parasitoses. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):465-476. eISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.35707 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A465-476 http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/684909 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.11.2015. Revised 15.12.2015. Accepted: 23.12.2015. УДК:[616.314.17-008.1:616.995.1]-078:57.088.6:612.015.11 UDC:[616.314.17-008.1:616.995.1]-078:57.088.6:612.015.11 СОСТОЯНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ПЕРЕКИСНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННЫМ ПАРОДОНТИТОМ I-II СТЕПЕНИ ТЯЖЕСТИ, СОЧЕТАЮЩЕГОСЯ С ПАРАЗИТОЗАМИ LIPID PEROXIDATION SYSTEM AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE STATE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS SEVERITY STAGES I-II COMBINED WITH PARASITOSES Савельева Н. Н. Savel’eva N. N. Кафедра стоматологии Харьковского национального медицинского университета Kharkiv National Medical University Реферат В статье изложены результаты исследования состояния системы активности перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом (ХГП) I-II степени тяжести, сочетающегося с паразитозами. Целью исследования явилось изучение процессов перекисного окисления липидов и антиоксидантной защиты у больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом (ХГП) І-ІІ степени тяжести с паразитозами (энтеробиозом, токсокарозом, лямблиозом ). Материалы и методы. Исследования были проведены у 540 больных хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом I- II ст. тяжести на фоне паразитарных инвазий (основные группы). Группу сравнения составляли 90 больных ХГП I- II ст. тяжести без паразитарной инвазии. Контрольную группу составили 30 человек без патологии пародонта и хронической патологии других органов и систем, которые в период обследования считались практически здоровыми. Для оценки интенсивности свободно-радикального окисления использовался скрининговый метод индуцированной хемилюминисценции сыворотки крови. Активность каталазы определяли спектрофотометрически по убыли перекиси водорода в среде, супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) – в тесте с нитросиним тетразолием. Статистическая обработка материалов производилась с использованием методов математической статистики для анализа полученных данных. Результаты. Выводы. Установлено, что по мере развития заболевания и перехода I ст. тяжести ХГП во II ст. тяжести ХГП в сыворотке крови и тканях организма усиливаются процессы липопероксидации. Так, в группах у больных с паразитозами в сравнении с контрольной группой отмечается достоверное повышение содержания продуктов ПОЛ: диеновых конъюгатов (ДК) - при I ст. тяжести ХГП на 30-33%, при II ст. тяжести ХГП на 40-41%; триеновых конъюгатов (ТК) - при I степени – на 22-24%, при II ст.тяжести на 26-27%; конечных продуктов ПОЛ – полимерных флюоресцирующих оснований Шиффа (ОШ) – при І ст. тяжести на 34-36%, при ІІ ст. тяжести на 45-47%. Также в сравнении с контрольной группой у больных с паразитозами наблюдается достоверное снижение активности супероксиддисмутазы (СОД): при ХГП I степени на 20-23%, при II степени тяжести ХГП на 23-26%. Вместе с тем у больных основных групп зафиксировано и снижение уровня каталазы: при ХГП I ст. тяжести на 22-24%, при ХГП II ст. тяжести на 26-27%. Отмечается, что между больными ХГП I-II степени тяжести с паразитозами и больными ХГП без паразитозов достоверные различия определялись только в активности каталазы и супероксиддисмутазы, что свидетельствует о более выраженных нарушениях в антиоксидантной защите организма у больных с паразитозами. Ключевые слова: хронический генерализованный пародонтит, паразитозы, ПОЛ, АОЗ. Savel’eva N.N. Kharkiv National Medical University LIPID PEROXIDATION SYSTEM AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE STATE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS (CGP) SEVERITY STAGES I-II COMBINED WITH PARASITOSES The article presents the results of research on the state of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) severity stages I-II combined, with parasitoses. The aim of the study was to investigate lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) severity stages I-II with parasitoses (enterobiasis, toxocariasis, giardiasis). The study was conducted on 540 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis severity stages I-II combined with parasitic invasion on the background (the main groups). The comparison group consisted of 90 patients with CGP severity stages I-II without a parasitic invasion. The control group consisted of 30 patients without periodontal disease and chronic diseases of other organs and systems, who were considered relatively healthy during the study period. To evaluate the intensity of free radical oxidation a screening method of induced blood serum chemiluminescence was used. Catalase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by the decrease of hydrogen peroxide quantity in the medium and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined in the test with nitroblue tetrazolium. Statistical analysis of the materials was conducted using the methods of mathematical statistics for the analysis of the obtained data. It was found that as the disease progresses and CGP severity stage I changes into severity stage II, lipid peroxidation processes intensify in blood serum and tissues of the body. So, there was a significant increase in the content of lipid peroxidation products: diene conjugates (DC) in groups of patients with parasitoses as compared with the control group - in CGP severity stage I DC content was higher by 30-33%, in CGP severity stage II DC content was higher by 40-41%; in CGP severity stage I triene conjugates (TC) content was higher by 22-24%, in CGP severity stage II triene conjugates (TC) content was higher by 26-27%; content of lipid peroxidation (LP) end products — polymeric fluorescent Schiff bases (SB) — in CGP severity stage I was higher by 34-36%, in CGP severity stage II was higher by 45-47%. Also, in comparison with the control group a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in patients with parasitoses: in CGP severity stage I it decreased by 20-23%, in CGP severity stage II by 23-26%. However, in patients of the main groups catalase content reduction was recorded: in CGP severity stage I by 22-24%, in CGP severity stage II by 26-27%. It is noted that between patients with CGP severity stages I-II with parasitoses and CGP patients without parasitoses significant differences were determined only in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, indicating a more severe antioxidant defense disturbance in patients with parasitoses. Keywords: chronic generalized periodontitis, parasitoses, lipid peroxidation (LP), antioxidant defense (AOD).

Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) is a chronic disease that is primarily found in the arid and poor areas of our planet where water supply systems consist of open wells. This parasitic disease is transmitted to humans not only through the consumption of water contaminated with crustaceans harbouring larvae of Dracunculus medinensis , but also through the ingestion of paratenic (frogs) or transport hosts (fish). The natural progression of the disease is caused by adult worms invading connective tissues, leading to blistering and ulceration of the extremities, approximately one year after infection. In 1986, the Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP) was launched and since then, the incidence of the disease has been reduced by over 99%. Indeed, the most recent global report from 2022 shows only 13 cases of human dracunculiasis worldwide, the lowest annual incidence ever reported. The new found knowledge of potential animal reservoirs and the recent discovery of possible edible paratenic hosts could pose challenges to the future eradication of this debilitating disease. Therefore, attempts to eradicate this parasitosis should not be postponed. Intensive research is needed in this neglected area of medicine, now that the goal is within reach., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Several species of protozoa and helminths cause parasitoses that promote various health ailments. Depending on the degree of pathogenicity and the period of exposure, these diseases may even cause the death of the infected person. Considering the importance of this subject, the objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of enteroparasitoses in the population of the Tourist Resort of Ouro Preto do Oeste (RO), using data collected by a program to combat parasitoses, promoted by the Ministry of Health. data used were obtained through a computer software used by the laboratory and are related to the tests performed between January and July 2018. In addition to determining the parasites that affect this population, it was also possible to make a relation between the parasite index according to the range age and sex. Generally speaking, regardless of sex or age, a high incidence of parasitoses was found in the population (50%). The most commonly detected parasites were Strongiloides stercoralis (34%), Entamoeba coli (26%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (11.2%). These parasites are easily treated when identified and are associated mainly with poor hygiene habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vegetables are important for public health, as they may contain protozoan cysts, eggs and larvae of helminths, serving as an important channel for the transmission of enteroparasitosis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of enteroparasites in some vegetables grown in the community garden. Prince Geovane, in the East Zone of Teresina, Piauí. Method: Ten parts of each plant were collected and analyzed by the methods of Hoffmann and Modified Ritchie, to verify protozoan cysts, eggs and larvae of helminths. Results: In material analyzed by the Ritchie method, as parasite forms were found in 3 of them, as well as in 8 analyzed by the modified Hoffmann method. Conclusion: The result revealed weaknesses in the control of contaminating factors of vegetables, requiring corrective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)